Floriculture and Flower Festival in Namangan
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International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2958–2966 Floriculture And Flower Festival In Namangan Yusupov Zafar Usmanovich Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology ANNOTATION In this article, the factors that led Uzbekistan to call the city of Namangan a place of flowers are taken as an object. It is emphasized on what basis the city of Namangan was built in ancient times and who was the cause. The establishment of a cultural park in Namangan and the introduction of a flower festival were studied. The origins of the floriculture tradition in Namangan, its history and traditions have been celebrated in the traditions of our ancestors, as well as the ancient landscaping in the territory of Uzbekistan, the plants grown in the gardens of palaces and khan's hordes. A comparative analysis of the flower festival held during the dictatorial regime and the independence period is made. Information was provided about the people and organizations that have served and initiated the Flower Festival. The article tells about the varieties of plants that entered the territory of Uzbekistan from the European part of Russia, the methods of their propagation, as well as the people who are committed to their descendants. Also, the total number of trees and flowers in the Namangan Park, the dynamics of their reproduction was analyzed over the years. It was noted that the Flower Festival is important not only in meeting the aesthetic needs of the population, but also in covering the city with goodness, and that this holiday is distinguished by its ethno-ecological aspects, as the other spring ceremonies. It is noted that by the 20th years of independence, the scope of the flower festival in Namangan has expanded; the number of participants and guests has increased, as well as the initiative and enthusiasm of the regional leadership. The article describes the history of the formation of the Uzbek people's love for plants, especially flowers, and the similarity of nature-related rituals found in the peoples of Europe and the East. It is also noted that the precautionary attitude towards the vegetable world of the Zoroastrian period before the advent of Islam has been polished from generation to generation and has not disappeared. Key words: Namangan, traditions, ceremonies, traditions, values, spirituality, national holidays, flower festival, amateur florists, amusement park, flower exhibition, fossil, exhibition, beauty, flower fans, city decoration, park, neighborhood, florist competition. Introduction Traditions and ceremonies are manifested in human behavior and behavior, in the form of symbolic rules and regulations in everyday life, and are largely governed by public opinion, which represents social psychology. At the heart of the spirituality of the Uzbek people have always been the ideas of humanity, tolerance, inter-ethnicity, and this ideology is reflected in the essence of national holidays. One of them is the traditional "Flower Festival", which (since 1961) is held annually in late August in the park of culture and recreation named after "Babur" in Namangan. It is no coincidence that Namangan is called the "City of Flowers" due to the annual "Flower Festival" in the city. This flower festival is popular not only in Uzbekistan but also in neighboring countries and no other ceremony has been held in other regions of the country. Initially, amateur florists invited local residents to decorate the courtyard and city streets with beautiful flowers through local publications, radio, cultural and educational meetings. Soon, 2958 ISSN: 2005-4289 IJDRBC Copyrightⓒ2020 SERSC International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2958–2966 large-scale work began under the motto "Let's turn Namangan into a city of flowers." It has been announced that the Park named after A.S. Pushkin (former, now Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur) Culture and Recreation Park will host a competition for the best flower growers. In 1961, it was attended by 16 florists1. Over the years, the number of florists wishing to participate has also increased, and it has become known among the population as a "flower festival". Now this holiday has become a good tradition. During these holidays (usually 2 days in the second half of August - Saturdays and Sundays) in the park organized photo exhibitions of florists, a group of professional florists which advises amateur florists. Materials and methods The Flower Festival is of great importance not only in satisfying the aesthetic needs of the population, but also in covering the city with goodness. This holiday is also distinguished by its ethno-ecological aspects, as the other spring ceremonies. The preparation for the holiday begins a week or two before, and the city streets are cleaned. This shows that traditional values related to nature conservation are still going on. This holiday serves to bring together people of different nationalities who love flowers and beauty. During the holidays, an exhibition of flowers will be organized on both sides of the central corridor of the city park of culture and recreation. The exhibition will be attended by organizations in the region, educational institutions, schools, medical institutions and flower fans living in the valley. Each of them decorates and exhibits the best specimens of flowers they grow, such as fossils, flower seeds, portraits made of live flowers, panels, carpets and emblems2. The holiday has a unique history of popularity. Namangan has a flower festival; landscaping and landscaping works have been carried out in the park and in the city. Planting of maple and oak trees in Namangan began in 1878-1880. Tsarist officials cut down trees such as lilac, jasmine, and gledich, which grow in central Russia, and planted and cared for local poplar, willow, and spruce and maple seedlings growing on mountain slopes. The city of Namangan had 500 ornamental trees in 1933, 3,000 in 1970, and 4,500 by the early 2000s. In 1939, fruit trees (apricots, peaches, apples, grapes) were planted in the territory of the culture and recreation park3. In 1967, for the first time in Namangan, cypress, juniper, pine and Spanish droki were planted in the garden area. In 1977, a forest-shrub was established and trees were planted in the newly added area to the garden. Today, these forest-alleys cover an area of 4.7 hectares and have become a shady place, and as a result, Namangan became known as the "City of Flowers." There is a legend among the people that it had such an honorable name. According to it, one of the rulers of Bukhara passed by Namangan and stopped here to rest. He really liked this wonderful, beautiful place. He gives a special label and assigns a task of building a city there. The label emphasized that Namangan should have four qualities: beauty, beauty, prosperity and flowers. (This legend was remembered by old people on the days of the Flower Festival in 1961-1962, and was even mentioned in a book. Z. Yu). There are no written sources on the validity of this narration. It is known that in the XIX century in Namangan there were flower lovers, and they decorated the houses of rich and officials' courtyards with flowers. However, the dynasty of Tokmullaboy Qori and his descendants that made a great contribution to the development of floriculture in Namangan and left an indelible mark. 1 Lobacheva N.P. Formation of a new ritual of the Uzbeks. –M .: Nauka, 1975.-P.130-131. 2 Qoraboev U. Holidays of the Uzbek people. - T .: Sharq, –2002. –B. 232. 3 Sarimsoqov. A. Regarding the festivals of the Uzbek calendar ... When history speaks. Periodical collection #9 - T .: Navruz, –2016. –B. 20. 2959 ISSN: 2005-4289 IJDRBC Copyrightⓒ2020 SERSC International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2958–2966 Tokmullaboy Qori was originally from Kazan (Tatarstan) and settled in Namangan in the 1830s during the growing Russian pressure on Muslim Tatars. He bought a large plot of land in the Nogai mahalla (street) of the city and built a house. He was engaged in trade. He brought goods from distant lands and traded with them. His only child, Izzatullah Qori, did not follow in his father's footsteps. He was engaged in the study of religious and secular sciences. He taught children at the mosque and at school, and at the same time he was engaged in floriculture, seed production, and farming. From 1870 to 1910, this talented man grew more than two hundred varieties of flowers and plants in his home and adapted them to the climate of the Fergana Valley. He is known as one of the co-owners of tomato, potato and pepper seedlings, which are now widely consumed. Izzatillaboy, the son of Tokmullaboy, had a high interest in floriculture. So in 1910 he prepared 50 different flower seeds in his garden. The seeds weighed several hundred pounds. He wrote and published a special 32-page dictionary for the sale of seeds. The pamphlet contained information about the seeds, their medicinal properties, and method of care, price, and his address for sending letters. This pamphlet, published in 1911, was distributed throughout Russia. There were a lot of orders for seeds, and there were even reports that the seeds were run out4. Izzatullah Qori was highly respected for training educated florist students. His work was continued by his son Zohidullo Tukmullinov, who also taught children and engaged in floriculture. He not only trained students, but also wrote a book in Uzbek called "For Floriculture Fans". The book was published in 1964 by the State Publishing House of Uzbekistan in Tashkent. It describes the methods of caring for flowers and trees in gardens and flower beds.