SUNDAY STAR★TIMES A12 FOCUS ESPIONAGE March 8, 2015

Read more Inside the Waihopai domes EXCLUSIVE: The leaked Snowden documents The secret high-tech tools we use to spy on our Pacific neighbours IntelsatChina 18 monitoringing zonzoneses USA

LEGALREPTILE HHawaiiawaii Collects text messages and call metadata SEMITONE Indonesia Papua Processes fax and New Guinea Tuvalualu voice messages FALLOWHAUNT Vanuatu SamoaSamoa FFrenchrench STONEGATE FijiFiji NIUE PolynesPolynesiaia Targets “VSAT” satellite Australia COOK Collects and processes dial-up Tonga communications New ISLANDS and fax modem data Caledonia APPARITION Finds position of isolated “VSAT” satellite users NEW ZEALAND DARKQUEST SURFBOARD Analyses satellite Targets land-line phones communications VENUSAFFECT Five Eyes spy bases “Command and control” of other systems JACKKNIFE MOONPENNY GARLICK LADYLOVE Yakima Harrogate Bad Aibling Misawa WEALTHYCLUSTER JUGGERNAUT Processes digital comms, TIMBERLINE SOUNDER Targets and processes especially voice over Sugar Grove Cyprus cellphone communications internet (VoiP) LATENTHEAT XKEYSCORE CARBOY LEMONWOOD Breaks the intercepted Targets and Bude Thailand Graphic: Neil Bond satellite signals down into processes bulk SCS Photo: Ben Curran / Fairfax NZ individual messages Internet traff ic SNICK New Delhi SHOAL CORALINE Oman BAY Sabena Seca STELLAR Darwin SCS SCAPEL Geraldton IRONSAND Brasilia Nairobi New Zealand

comprehend. Leaked NSA There was a stiff backlash in Europe after Snowden’s revelations documents reveal showed the scale of surveillance ‘Spying on the family’ against Western European countries. The German news Silence on New Zealand is magazine Der Spiegel revealed that there had been 417 million spying on its own By ANTHONY HUBBARD, NICKY metadata records (showing who HAGER AND RYAN GALLAGHER communicated with whom, at what citizens in the Cook Sunday Star-Times | The Intercept time) collected in Five Eyes surveillance surveillance against Germany in 30 Islands and Niue. IN THE Cook Islands they hold days from December 2012 to New Zealand passports, are January 2013. eligible for New Zealand social It listed the top intelligence By NICKY HAGER AND services and New Zealand is systems that accounted for about RYAN GALLAGHER responsible for their foreign 90 per cent of this total: Xkeyscore not healthy Sunday Star-Times | The Intercept affairs. The same in Niue. collected 182 million records, Leaked Edward Snowden Lopers 131.5 million records and documents, published for the first Juggernaut 93.5m records. NICKY HAGER Andrea Vance are perfectly entitled EXCLUSIVE time today by the Sunday Star- Each of these systems is also must wonder why to argue national Times, reveal New Zealand is used at Waihopai. The Waihopai he bothers. Sunday politics security as a reason HE WAIHOPAI spying on them anyway – despite station is doing exactly the same to The journalist for keeping intelligence base looks residents being New Zealanders. New Zealand citizens. Cook Islanders are New Zealanders. Pacific countries as the US and brought the intelligence secret. oddly alien and out of Some of them don’t like it. Asked this weekend if the GCSB British intelligence agencies were Snowden But it’s dangerous place: huge white ‘golf The people of both these tiny had changed the rule seen in the doing to Western European documents to New when politicians use ball’ radomes like a nations are New Zealand citizens, NSA document that surveillance a lawyer in Rarotonga. countries. Zealand in the last sensitive – and partial moon station and silent and the GCSB is legally barred of the Cook Islands and Niue Cook Islanders were New A 2012 advertisement for a US week, to be met – snippets of Tbuildings within two fences of razor from eavesdropping on New governments is permitted, acting Zealand citizens and were not just intelligence analyst job seeks with a collective Wolfson information to push wire, all dropped in the midst of Zealand citizens’ phone calls and GCSB director Una Jagose said: brothers of the Kiwis ‘‘but more someone with experience with shrug of shoulders. Fellow their own agenda. Or vineyards and dry hills in New emails except under a warrant. ‘‘We do not comment on like twins, because in all the wars ‘‘systems such as Darkquest, Maybe you are bully those they don’t Zealand’s Marlborough landscape. However, a United States operational matters...Everything New Zealand has been involved Wealthycluster and Xkeyscore’’. unmoved at the agree with. Documents about the Waihopai National Security Agency we do is authorised under with, we have been involved’’, he The job, located in Annapolis Government station leaked by US National document, which explains GCSB legislation and subject to told the Sunday Star-Times. Junction, Maryland, site of the NSA Communications THE APATHY Security Agency (NSA) targeting rules to US spies, says: independent oversight.’’ ‘‘There are no terrorists in the headquarters, also required Security Bureau 3Key, probably whistleblower Edward Snowden ‘‘Note: The governments of Cook Veteran Cook Island politician Cook Islands. We are peaceloving knowledge of the Commonground spying on Pacific The quite correctly, show that the facility is as alien as Islands and Niue may be targeted, Norman George says the idea of Christians – to spy on us is... and Venusaffect systems. neighbours. lack of assesses that the is seems. but not their citizens since they the GCSB snooping on the Cook frankly, bad manners.’’ These are all systems at Perhaps you don’t public care more Everything inside the top secret are entitled to hold New Zealand Islands was as absurd as ‘‘sending Cook Island Opposition leader Waihopai. care if your emails, debate about about snapper than station except the staff is foreign. passports.’’ a spy team to Christchurch or William Heather was shocked and The GCSB documents mention a texts and Facebook spying. The initial The electronic eavesdropping The exception is made to allow Whangarei’’. The idea is ‘‘more disappointed to learn that the system called Shadowcat, which messages are surveillance is revelations from the systems, the computer spying on all Cook Island and ridiculous than serious’’, says GCSB spied on the Cooks. was ‘‘awaited’’ at the Waihopai hoovered up and not healthy. Snowden archives programmes that automatically Niue politicians and public George, who spent 32 years as a Why, he asked, would New base in 2012. It is a programme stored in a US data actually galvanised his index and search the captured servants, even though they too are Cook Islands MP and still works as Zealand ‘‘spy on the family?’’ developed by the British Five Eyes bank. Or that the This is where support. It gives Key communications, and the agency. GCSB is little more the confidence to databases where details of a whole The equipment is so than an outpost of abuses go vilify journalists, like region’s communications are standardised, a GCSB staffer told the US National unnoticed Glenn Greenwald and stored: they are all standardised WHICH SATELLITES ARE TARGETED BY WAIHOPAI? us, that when an overseas NSA Security Agency. Hager. That is parts of the global surveillance station closed, much of its But, with a and thrive. bolstered when other system run by the NSA. VISITORS TO the Waihopai Valley can Snowden, answer this question. The countries are caught when Waihopai equipment was offered to all the pending significant media outlets slavishly The Waihopai base functions as a see several large satellite antenna station’s main longterm target has monitors the main Pacific Intelsat sister stations, including Waihopai. review and a likely report his pre-emptive cog in that spying machine, the dotted around the Waihopai been large Intelsat satellites that satellite. The Herald reported: ‘‘More Five Eyes staff from the different increase in their electronic strikes, even before scrutinising alliance’s main eye on the South operations building. provide communications to and from than a million people in the Pacific agencies are constantly shuttling reach, there are still a few their investigative work, or the Pacific region. They tune in to legitimate all New Zealand’s Pacific Island Islands lost contact with the outside around the network. In April 2010, reasons to take the leaked evidence. But the absence of The Sunday Star-Times analysed communications satellites sitting in neighbours and many other world when a satellite was knocked two other NSA staff visited papers seriously. debate about surveillance is not the documents in collaboration space above the Asia-Pacific region AsiaPacific nations. out by a power failure.’’ These Waihopai on a ‘‘technical healthy. This is where abuses go with US news website The and intercept the huge volume of Waihopai’s main target or ‘‘prime included the Cook Islands, Samoa, exchange’’ from Menwith Hill NO-ONE’S GOT THIS unnoticed and thrive. And it’s Intercept, which obtained them communications being relayed mission satellite’’ in 2005, according Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Niue, Station, the world’s largest satellite 1Yes, yes, spies work in secret. Orwellian when Key shuts down from Snowden. The leaked files between the region’s countries. to the 2012 GCSB report, was a Vanuatu, Tuvalu, Tonga, Fiji, New interception base, run by the NSA That’s as it should be. But to pertinent questions with: you reveal in unprecedented detail the This includes phone calls, data satellite called V4, positioned high Caledonia and Tahiti. This list shows in the north England countryside prevent abuse of the immense don’t understand the detail, and New Zealand-based station’s transfers by companies and banks, above the Kiribati island group. This some of the main targets of the near Harrogate. power offered by bulk data the journalists are wrong. targets, inner workings and links to and all the types of private and satellite was damaged and stopped Waihopai base. They briefed staff on the collection, robust oversight the international network of spy government communications that operating after an onboard power The GCSB reports also refer to a Menwith Hill Station’s mechanisms are crucial. Yet, THE CONTRADICTIONS facilities run by the Five Eyes. flow across the Internet. failure in mid January 2005. Its work second satellite target, called NSS9, provocatively named ‘‘Collect It they barely exist here. Despite 4Despite the Government’s Altogether, these bases can The GCSB has refused to say was transferred to another Intelsat which services ships and isolated All’’ initiative. This refers to an recent vague promises to be regular assurances the GCSB are snoop on the entire world, friend as anything about which satellites and satellite IS701 and later to IS18, the communities who use only very small important expansion of more open, spy agencies remain acting legally, with each set of well as foe. countries are being intercepted. main target today. satellite dishes about a metre across. surveillance across the whole in the shadows. More than a revelations, come The leaked documents do not Secret Waihopai reports in April News reports about the 2005 Waihopai snoops on the small as well global network. year after her appointment – and contradictions. Back in talk about ‘‘Waihopai’’. They use 2010 and March 2012, provided by failure give a good guide to which as the great. A document called the ‘‘NSA’s two years after an overhaul – September, when asked if bulk the station’s secret Five Eyes code Collection Posture’’, leaked in a watchdog Cheryl Gwyn released data collection tools like name Ironsand (‘‘IS’’). It’s not clear Powerpoint slide by Snowden, her first report but says she XKeyscore were being used on why Waihopai is Ironsand. viewed by the alliance as just Each intelligence system outlines the newly expanded didn’t have enough information Kiwis, Key said: ‘‘We’re not An NSA map shows it is one of a another base in its network. It is Exploit it all – produces metadata of all the system. The first step was ‘‘Sniff it to determine if the agencies collecting wholesale global network of oddly-named marked on the map as a ‘‘Second the jocular intercepted communications and All’’ and refers to ‘‘Torus’’, a operate differently after an information. We don’t have the satellite interception stations. Party’’ site. In the Five Eyes makes them available to US and complex new antenna system illegal spying scandal. The capability for mass These stations are the eyes of the alliance, the US is first party and spyspeak slogans are a allied intelligence analysts via NSA introduced at Waihopai that can responsible parliamentary surveillance.’’ The Snowden Five Eyes alliance. Britain, Canada, Australia and New databases. intercept several satellites as once committee is equally toothless documents tell a different story: Australia has a base near Zealand are second parties. perfect summary of a Most other equipment and to ‘‘increase physical access’’. and Chris Finlayson, minister in describing how emails, Geraldton, a small port city on the There are also colourful code truly global surveillance programmes are American. All or The second step was ‘‘Know it charge, has dismissed public browsing sessions, and chat west coast of Australia. Its names – Juggernaut, Legalreptile, nearly all the major surveillance All’’ and refers to another deliberation over spy legislation messages from 150 different codename is Stellar. and Venusaffect, for example – for system. systems at the Waihopai base are programme called Darkquest. as ‘‘chit chat.’’ locations are harvested through The British station in Oman has the intelligence programmes used US-supplied and could be found The third step was ‘‘Collect it All’’ Waihopai, using XKeyscore. the codename Snick. Britain’s inside the Waihopai base. identically at the other stations. All aimed at ‘‘increasing [the] volume DIRTY POLITICS Snowden often came across Kenya base is known as Scapel. What do these systems do? the phone calls and Internet of signals’’, the goal discussed by 2In an abuse of power, Prime New Zealanders’ data while Britain also spies on satellites from Latentheat breaks the against landline phone calls (public communications they intercept the visiting Menwith Hill Station Minister John Key’s staff used using XKeyscore in his work and Carboy, a station in Cornwall, and intercepted satellite signals down switched telephone networks, and sort at the base then go into staff. information supplied by the Key conceded he might well be from a base in Cyprus called into individual communications. PSTN). Xkeyscore is a once top- NSA databases. Fourth was ‘‘Process it All’’, Security Intelligence Service in a right. Whether it came from Sounder. Legalreptile collects text messages secret interception programme The only difference between this naming Xkeyscore, the NSA system partisan hit job on then- surveillance by the GCSB was The American equivalents of and call metadata, Semitone targets which has become world-famous and an NSA base on New Zealand at the heart of the Waihopai Opposition leader Phil Goff. Key never proven. We can only take Waihopai are Jackknife in fax and voice messages, and since Snowden began his soil is that it is New Zealanders who intelligence collection. has also selectively used Key’s word that New Zealanders Washington State on the Pacific Surfboard targets landline phones. revelations: now it’s like a Google arrive each day to maintain the The Powerpoint slide ends with intelligence to justify a are not subject to mass coast, Timberline in West Virginia Fallowhaunt targets certain for spooks. It processes intercepted NSA surveillance systems. ‘‘Exploit it all’’ and ‘‘Partner it all’’. controversial decision to send surveillance by their own and Coraline in Puerto Rico in the satellite communications, internet communications to The Five Eyes alliance is a global Sniff it all, collect it all, know it troops to Iraq and further boost agency – and he promised to Caribbean. The biggest of these is Juggernaut processes intercepted provide databases of IP addresses, digital vacuum cleaner which can all, process it all and exploit it all – surveillance powers. At the same resign if it happened. But he’s the Moonpenny base in Harrogate, calls from mobile phone networks browser history, content and scoop up prodigious amounts of the jocular spyspeak slogans are a time, he’s refused to make wrong to say the GCSB don’t Yorkshire. (including voice, fax, data and text metadata of emails, social media information – far more than the perfect summary of a truly global public full details. Governments have the tools. The New Zealand station is messages), and Lopers is used messages and so on. human mind can really surveillance system.