Potential of Industrial Tomato Production of Southeast Anatolian Region in Turkey
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Derleme Makalesi / Review Article Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Der. / Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech. 7(2): 11-20, 2017 Potential of Industrial Tomato Production of Southeast Anatolian Region in Turkey Mevlüde TATAR1, Vedat PİRİNÇ2 ABSTRACT: Due to the availability of different climatic characteristics and soil types most of the vegetables can be produced in Turkey. Country is divided to 9 regions in terms of vegetable production and each region is known to have the potential of different vegetable production. Tomato is not only the mostly grown vegetable but also it has the widest range of processed product in Turkey. Turkey has 28.6 million tons of vegetable production and also it is the fourth country in the World. The vegetable production of 86% is open field vegetable and 14% of greenhouse production. Turkey has 12.61 million t. tomato production. This production includes table (8.170 t) and industrial (4.445 t) tomato. And tomato is the most growing vegetable with 42% of total production in Turkey. Tomato production of Southeast Region is 677 600 t in 66 474 ha. The region has 359 734 t table tomato production in 39.571 ha and the industrial tomato production is 317 886 t in 26 903 ha. The region has great potential in terms of tomato production. South Eastern Anatolia Region has strong and big potential for marketing and growing of tomato besides Marmara region. So development of the tomato based industry will ultimately increase the new investment and employment opportunities in the region. Existing status of the tomato agriculture and the tomato Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi Iğdır processing industry and their future in Southeastern Anatolia Region were focused of this study. Key Words: Production, South-Eastern Anatolia, tomato, tomato processing Iğdır University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology Iğdır University Journal of the Institute Science and Technology Türkiye Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’ nin Sanayi Domatesi Üretim Potansiyeli ÖZET: Türkiye’de farklı iklim ve toprak yapısı nedeni ile birçok sebze türü üretilebilmektedir. Ülkemiz sebzecilik bakımından 9 bölgeye ayrılmakta ve her bölgenin de farklı sebzecilik potansiyeline sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Domates ülkemizde en fazla üretilen sebze olarak ilk sırayı alırken işleme sanayi olarak da ürün yelpazesi en geniş olan bir sebzedir. Türkiye 28.6 milyon ton sebze üretimi ile dünyada 4. Sırada yer almaktadır. Sebze üretiminin %86’ ı açıkta %14’ ü ise örtüaltında yapılmaktadır. Türkiye 12.61 milyon ton domates üretimine sahiptir. Bu üretimin 8. 171milyon tonu sofralık, 4.445 milyon tonu ise sanayi tipi oluşturmakta ve domates Türkiye sebze üretiminin %42 si karşılayarak en fazla üretilen sebze olarak ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin 66 474 ha alanda 677 600 ton domates üretimi bulunmaktadır. Bölgenin 39 571 ha alanda 359 734 ton sofralık ve 26 903 ha : 11-20, 2017 alanda ise 317 886 ton sanayi tipi domates üretimi bulunmaktadır. Bölge domates üretimi bakımından büyük bir pp potansiyele sahiptir. Çalışma ile sektörün yoğunlaştığı Marmara bölgesi dışında güçlü bir Pazar ve yetiştiricilik 10.21597/jist.2017.121 potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülen Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin ürün bazında sektör olarak (domatese dayalı işleme sanayi) değerlendirilmesine dikkat çekmesi beklenmektedir. Böylece bölgede yeni yatırım ve istihdam alanlarının açılması beklenmektedir. : 2, Sayfa/ Anahtar Kelimeler: Domates, Güneydoğu Anadolu, üretim, sanayi domatesi Issue : 7, Sayı/ Volume 1 GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü, 1. kurum, Bahçe Bitkileri, Diyarbakir, Türkiye 2 Dicle Üniversitesi, 2. kurum, Bahçe Bitkileri, Diyarbakir, Türkiye Cilt/ ISSN: 2146-0574, e-ISSN: 2536-4618 DOI: Sorumlu yazar/Corresponding Author: Vedat PİRİNÇ, [email protected] Geliş tarihi / Received: 06.09.2016 Kabul tarihi / Accepted: 23.05.2017 Mevlüde TATAR and Vedat PİRİNÇ INTRODUCTION the world. Even though our country is not part of the Vegetables have an important place in human diet. tomato’s gene center, it has wide variations. Meaning, The necessity of consuming vegetables in terms of there are local varieties or genotypes in many regions health is understood better with each passing day. The that have adapted to that region and referred to by reason for this is that they have many health benefits their regional names. Unlike other vegetables, in such as not containing fat, containing lots of water, addition to being consumed fresh, tomatoes with a being fibrous, being easy to digest and not causing wide area of use are used in the tomato industry and weight gain. In addition, due to the recognition of the vegetable processing industry and used as raw alternative medicine’s healing properties these days, materials in all the sub-branches of these industries. it is evident that the consumption and production These are; canned fruit and vegetable industry, of vegetables are experiencing a rising trend. Some ketchup industry, fruit juice industry, frozen, dried vegetables’ unique flavors and aromas and thus vegetable and fruit industry sectors (Uylaşer, 1996; their heavy consumption, has made these vegetables Keskin and Gül, 2004). The wide area of use for the indispensable products. Nowadays we have tomatoes tomato has increased the income demand elasticity as the vegetable most used in the Turkish kitchen, multiple and together with the greenhouse production directly in meals during summer and in many meals it has also increased the supply elasticity. Due to the as ketchup, making them to be a vegetable where mentioned properties tomato processing industry is we almost cannot think of a meal without. Tomato the first developed industry branch. The lower shelf is accepted to be a vegetable consumed on our tables life of tomatoes compared to many other vegetables fresh or cooked. Because of its high consumption, has also contributed to be an important factor in the tomato is not just a summer vegetable but one that development of industrialization in order to provide leads production as the most grown vegetable in durability. Starting with the 1970s, parallel to the greenhouses. Therefore, in order to meet the increased establishment of the tomato industry and its rapid demand, this vegetable’s growing has become development, the tomato production in our country widespread. The introduction of this vegetable, gained momentum and succeeded in joining the with such a high consumption rate, to our country world production giants like the USA and Italy in corresponds to a quite recent time period in contrast to world ranking. what is believed. Tomato, whose motherland is South Being among one of the indispensable ones America and which has an important place in the in human diet has provided the tomatoes to be the Turkish agriculture food industry, is reported to have leading one among agricultural products which are entered Turkey during the 1.World War (Demiray and produced, consumed and have become subject to Tülek, 2008). trade. In addition to fresh consumption of tomatoes, While the tomato’s entry into the country and the multitude of uses in the food industry such as its use has a past of 100 years, today it has gained frozen, tomato paste, ketchup, sauce, pickles, tomato prominence as the highest consumed vegetable and juice, tomato puree, peeled tomato, sliced tomato, consumption of tomatoes has taken off in this country tomato cut as cubes, dried tomatoes, canned tomatoes (Şeniz, 1992). Since our country has different climate increase tomato’s importance (Uylaşer, 1996; Keskin structures, different vegetable growing potential and Gül, 2004). In conjunction with regional density exists in each region. However, tomato is a vegetable, in tomato production, the processing industry has unlike other vegetables that could be grown in many also been concentrated in the Marmara and Aegean regions where its consumption is more as the leading regions. The Mediterranean region is known more vegetable in comparison to others. Its inclusion in for its greenhouse type production geared for fresh almost all meals in the kitchen together with the consumption (Arıkbay, 1996). flavor and aroma it provides, it has provided us to Our country is among the top 4 countries with be among the leading consumers and producers in 28.6 million tons of vegetable production in an area 12 Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Der. / Iğdır Univ. J. Inst. Sci. & Tech. Potentiol of Industrial Tomato Production of Southeast Anatolian Region in Turkey of approximately 8.5 million decares (1000m²). In 677 600 t of production amount. While the Region regard to the tomato’s world production (123 120 000 has 97 783 acre of planted area and 359 734 t of t), Turkey is ranked 4th after China, India and the USA production for fresh, table consumption, it has 66 in terms of planted area and production amount (FAO, 479 acre of planted area and 317 866 t of tomato 2013). According to Turkey’s TÜİK data in 2015, production for tomato paste. The region has a great out of a total 12,61 million t. of tomato production, potential in terms of tomato production. However, it 8.170 thousand tons constituted table consumption is also known that there is insufficiency of industrial and 4.445 thousand t. constituted tomatoes to facilities in the region based on tomato and a make ketchup. With this amount of production, serious marketing issue that would increase fresh tomato is the most grown vegetable in our country consumption and provide guidance. Despite the large and constitutes almost 42% of the total vegetable amount of fresh consumption of tomato and tomato production. Approximately 71.3% of the tomato paste in the region, occasionally tomato needs are met produced in Turkey constitutes tomato production from outside the region. The objective of the study for table consumption and 29.7% constitute tomato was to put forth the production potential of tomato in production for the industry. Approximately 25-30% the Southeast Anatolia Region and if any, the current of the tomato produced gets processed in the food status of the industry sector based on tomato and the industry and the remaining amount goes to fresh future of tomato growing in the region.