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Fisheries Section FISHBYTE of the Network of Tropical Aquaculture

Editor : G. Silvestre and Fisheries Professionals (NTAFP) fishbyte

Population Parameters of Small Pelagic Fishes Caught off Tawi-Tawi,

I.E. Aripin and P.A.T. Showers

Abstract Growth and mortality parameters, exploitation rates and annual recruitment patterns were estimated from monthly length-frequency samples for Sardinella longiceps, S. fimbriata, S. albella, Decapterus macrosoma, Dipterygonatus balteatus, Rastrelliger faughni and Encrasicolina heteroloba. These results provide the first sets of stock parameter estimates for these species off Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. The growth parameters derived were found comparable with previous estimates available for the same species from other localities. Recruitment was noted to be year-round and bimodal. Estimates of fishing mortality and exploitation rate were found to be presently above appropriate levels.

Introduction The pelagic stocks in this ecology of the local aquatic are mainly exploited by the use of resources and the results contribute The province of Tawi-Tawi the ‘Bagnet’, a ringnet with 3.0 cm first estimates of important stock comprises a number of island stretched meshes, operated from the parameters for exploited teleosts in municipalities which form the Sulu ‘Palakaya’ - the local motorised this part of the Sulu-Sulawesi LME. archipelago and separate the Sulu fishing boats which range in from the Sulawesi Sea (Fig. 1). capacity from 20-40 gross tonnes. Materials A clearly defined geographical The three sardinella species in this and Methods region which is now referred to as study are the most abundant of the the Sulu-Sulawesi ecoregion was, by few clupeids found in this area and The monthly length-frequency Presidential Proclamation No. 1028 they, together with the four other samples analysed in this study were in 1997, declared a Large Marine species covered in this study (Aripin drawn from fishing grounds around Ecosystem (LME) and aquatic et al. 1997) comprise the small the provinces of Tawi-Tawi and Jolo resources research has since pelagics that provide the highest (Fig. 1). The samples were taken on intensified in the area. Collecting commercial landings in this board ‘Palakayas’ using fishing fisheries statistics and monitoring province. gears that were identical in net catches and landings within and Very little is known about the design, structure and measurements. around this province is quite a ecology and exploitation levels of The sampling period lasted from challenging task because of the sheer fishes in this area and this study was August 1994 to September 1995. diversity of the fisheries and the undertaken to fill some of these Total lengths (snout to caudal fin tip) technical heterogeneity of the gaps. This investigation is part of a of individuals were recorded to the fishing units. more comprehensive program on the nearest 0.1 cm. The analysis of data

Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly (Vol. 23, No. 4) October-December 2000 21 was done using the routines in following Moreau and Cuende highest Lmax but S. albella, which is FiSAT (Gayanilo et al. 1995). (1991), through reverse projection the smallest in size of the three, φ Preliminary estimates of L∞ and also of the restructured data onto the time showed the highest ’-values. Z/K were obtained through the axis. The exploitation rate (E) was All the species showed estimated Powell-Wetherall Plot (Pauly 1986; obtained by dividing F by Z φ’-values that were quite Wetherall 1986). Final growth computed for each species (see comparable to their respective mean estimates (with or without Beverton and Holt 1956; Pauly values from previous studies. In the seasonality) were obtained using the 1984; Pauly and Soriano 1986; case of S. fimbriata, a previous φ ELEFAN I routine (Pauly and David Silvestre et al. 1991) estimate of ’= 2.75 and L∞=22.0 cm 1981). existed for Palawan (Pauly 1984) The Phi-prime index,φ’ (Munro Results which is the nearest locality in the and Pauly 1983; Moreau et al. 1986), and Discussion Philippines to the present study site. was used to compare the growth Among the few available estimates performance of species studied with Fig. 2, by way of example using for S. albella, this study provides the φ previous estimates contained in Decapterus macrosoma, illustrates highest ’ and L∞ estimates so far “FishBase 98” (Froese and Pauly the analysis and outputs generated noted; estimates of a smaller size

1998). Estimates of mortalities were for the seven species during the (L∞=18.4 cm) and faster growth derived from the linearised length- course of this study. Growth (K=1.34 yrÐ1 ) were noted from India converted catch curve produced by estimates and their comparisons (Pauly 1978). The same was the ELEFAN II routines. Natural using the φ’ are presented in Table observed for D. macrosoma when mortality (M) was derived through 1. Estimates obtained through the the present estimates were compared the empirical equation of Pauly Powell/Wetherall Plot and ELEFAN with those for more northern parts (1980); mean annual habitat I were about the same for the clupeid of the provided by temperature used was 28oC. species, but slightly lower in Lavapie-Gonzales et al. (1997). Estimates of length-at-first-capture ELEFAN for the other species. The This study shows new high φ (L50) were derived from probabilities final estimates of growth parameters values of L∞ and ’ for S. albella; of capture generated from the catch given here showed slight seasonality previous estimates are few, coming curve analysis. The annual for most species. Among clupeid mostly from India; the highest K- recruitment pattern was produced species, S. longiceps has shown the value of 2.03 yrÐ1 (Pauly 1978) was from Sri Lanka. All seven species showed year-

6.8 round recruitment patterns having two peak periods ( Table 1 and Fig. 2). This, noted earlier by Pauly and Basilan Navaluna (1983), is a typical feature of many Philippine fishes studied so far. The Z-estimates from this study (Table 2) for D. macrosoma, S. Sulu longiceps, R. faughni and S.

Latitude (˚N) fimbriata were lower than those for

SULAWESI SEA Sulu Sea during the 1980s given in

Tawi-Tawi Lavapie-Gonzales et al. (1997). In N the case of E. heteroloba there did WE

S not seem to have been any significant change: Z=3.88 yr-1 (this 4.9 study); Z = 3.51 yr-1 (Lavapie- 119.5 Longitude (˚W) 122.3 Gonzales et al. 1997). With the exception of R. faughni, high Fig. 2. Map of the Philippines showing the Sulu and Sulawesi Sea. The shaded area, exploitation rates (E) exceeding 0.50 enclosing the provinces of Tawi-Tawi and Jolo, indicate the general locality where the were noted for all species. length-frequency samples for this study were drawn. The species studied here

22 Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly (Vol. 23, No. 4) October-December 2000 Table 1. Estimates of growth parameters from this study and the mean of φ’-values from previous studies. (The authors for previous parameter estimates were obtained from FishBase 98 and are listed below. The estimates for S. longiceps came from India and Yemen; most of those for S. fimbriata, Decapterus macrosoma, Rastrelliger faughni, and Encrasicolina heteroloba were from Philippine waters; those for S. albella were mostly from India).

Species Parameter fishbyte φ φ L∞ KCWP’ ’ n s.e. of NRP (TL, cm) (yr–1) (this (mean)a meana study) S. longiceps 26.0 0.86 0.30 0.80 2.76 2.57 14 0.060 2 S. fimbriata 22.5 0.75 0.40 0.40 2.56 2.62 12 0.039 2 S. albella 20.2 1.60 0.20 0.20 2.82 2.45 7 0.033 2 D. macrosoma 24.9 0.77 0.15 0.05 2.68 2.82 34 0.196 2 D. balteatus 23.2 0.88 0.15 0.15 2.68 - - - 2 R. faughni 25.9 0.94 0.50 0.25 2.83 3.13 4 0.062 2 E. heteroloba 13.3 0.63 0.15 0.00 2.05 2.28 14 0.053 2

a./ D. macrosoma Anon. 1985; Atmadja 1988; Boonraksa 1987; Corpuz et al. 1985; Dwiponggo et al. 1986; Ingles and Pauly, 1984; Jabat and Dalzell, 1988; Lavapie-Gonzales et al. 1997; Padilla 1991; Philbrick 1988; Sadhotomo and Atmadja 1985; Sousa and Gjøsaeter 1987; Sousa 1992; Tandog-Edralin et al. 1988; E. heteroloba Burhanuddin and Hutomo 1975; Dalzell and Wankowski 1980; Dalzell 1984; Ingles and Pauly 1984; Lavapie-Gonzales et al. 1997; Muller 1976; Padilla 1991; Paula de Silva 1992; Pauly 1978; Rawlinson 1989; Tham Ah Kow 1967; S. albella Dalzell and Ganaden 1987; Dayaratne and Gjøsaeter 1986; Makwaia and Nhwani 1992; Pauly 1978; Sekharan1955; S. longiceps Annigeri 1969; Antony Raja 1970; Antony Raja 1972; Banerji and Krishnan 1973; Banerji 1973; Biradar and Gjøsaeter 1989; Dayaratne and Gjøsaeter 1986; Edwards and Shaher 1987; Edwards and Shaher 1991; Kurup et al. 1989; Pauly 1978; Pauly 1980; Sanders and Bouhlel 1984; R. faughni Jabat and Dalzell 1988; Lavapie-Gonzales et al. 1997. S. fimbriata Ingles and Pauly 1984; Lavapie-Gonzales et al. 1997; Pauly 1978; Tandog-Edralin et al. 1988.

A 20

10 Lenght (cm)

0 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun JUl Aug Sep 1994 1995

10 16 BCD20 12 15

5 8

10 In (N/ t) L - L' L

5 4 Recruitment (%)

0 0 0 51321 One year 012 3 Cutoff length (L' ; cm) Relative age (years)

Fig.2. Results of analyses using FiSAT for Decapterus macrosoma from Tawi-Tawi, Philippines: (a) growth curve superimposed over restructured length frequency data. (b) Power-Wethrall plot to estimate L∞ and Z/K; (c) annual relative recruitment pattern; and (d) length-converted catch curve. See text and Table 1 and 2 for parameter estimates.

Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly (Vol. 23, No. 4) October-December 2000 23 comprise the predominant small Table 2. Estimates of mortalities and related parameters derived in this study. pelagic species in this area and the general conclusion to be drawn from Species Parameter Z (yr –1) F (yr –1) M (yr –1)L(cm) E these results is that the level of 50 exploitation is already high for S. longiceps 3.65 1.97 1.68 14.0 0.54 S. fimbriata 4.23 2.63 1.60 12.8 0.62 virtually all of them. This situation S. albella 6.10 3.48 2.62 11.3 0.57 warrants closer attention (and D. macrosoma 3.49 1.90 1.59 11.6 0.54 greater insight into the whole issue D. balteatus 5.91 4.15 1.76 5.4 0.70 should come from more reliable R. faughni 2.81 1.02 1.79 10.2 0.36 fisheries catch statistics). Many E. heteroloba 3.88 2.22 1.66 7.0 0.57 authors who have investigated the spawning periods of fishes in the Malacca Strait, 4-9 October 1985, similar taxonomic groups. p. 158-175. Indo-Pacific region have drawn Colombo, Sri Lanka. In Proceedings of the Symposium on attention to the possible relationship Programme Document. 23 p. Living Resources of the Around between seasonalities in recruitment Antony Raja, B.T. 1970. Estimation of age India. Spec. Publ., Centr. Mar. Biol. Res. and the occurrence of the monsoons. and growth of the Indian oil sardine, Inst., Cochin, India. The debate is still not concluded and Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes. Beverton R.J.H. and S.J. Holt. 1956. A it could be suggested here that a Indian J. Fish. 17:26-46. review of methods for estimating follow-up biological study on the Antony Raja, B.T. 1972. Possible mortality rates in exploited fish annual sexual maturation cycles of explanation for the fluctuation in populations, with special reference to these same species could be very abundance of the Indian oil sardine sources of bias in catch sampling. Rapp. useful. This kind of study could Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes. p. P.-v. Reun. CIEM 140:67-83. assist in correlating the spawning 241-252. In Indo-Pacific Fisheries Biradar, R.S. and J. Gj¿saeter. 1989. and recruitment cycles in the Council. Proceedings of the 15th Population dynamics of Indian oil complex fisheries of these waters. Session, Wellington, New Zealand, 18- sardine, Sardinella longiceps, off the 27 October 1972. FAO Regional Office southwest coast of India. J. Appl. Acknowledgement for and the , Bangkok, Ichthyol. 5:185-193. Thailand. Boonraksa, V. 1987. Preliminary resource The authors acknowledge the Aripin, I.E, E-R.S. Baird and H.A. Aripin analysis of chub mackerel (Rastrelliger support provided by Department of 1997. Assessment of small pelagic spp.) and round scads (Decapterus sp.) Science and Technology-Philippine Fisheries in the South Sulu Sea. In in the West Coast of Thailand. Paper Council for Aquatic and Marine pp114-123 Technical Reports of presented at the 3rd Working Group Research and Development, completed research projects — 1993- Meeting of the Malacca Strait Project/ Mindanao State University, Tawi- 1997. Technical Report vol.2 No.1 BOBP, 18-26 August 1986, Phuket, Tawi College of Technology & Series of 1997 (E.M. Alih, Editorial Thailand. Oceanography and the Chancellor, Chairman) Prepared and published by Burhanuddin, S.M. and M. Hutomo. 1975. Eddie M. Alih (who is also former the Research Dept, Mindanao State A preliminary study on the growth and Dean of the College of Fisheries) to Univ., Tawi-Tawi College of Technology food of Stolephorus spp. from the see this study completed. Also & Oceanography. Jakarta Bay. Mar. Res. Indones. 14:1-29. acknowledged are the efforts of E.R. Atmadja, S.B. 1988. Estimation of growth Corpuz, A., J. Saeger and V. Sambilay. 1985. Baird, H.A. Aripin and other and mortality of round scad (Decapterus Population parameters of commercially members of the field data collection macrosoma) in the , Indonesia. important fishes in Philippine waters. team. FAO Fish. Rep. 389:324-345. Tech. Rep. Univ. Phil. , Dept. Banerji, S.K. 1973. An assessment of the Mar. Fish. (6):99 p. References exploited pelagic fisheries of the Indian Dalzell, P. 1984. The population biology and Seas. p. 114-136. In Proceedings of the management of bait-fish in Papua New Annigeri, G.G. 1969. Fishery and biology Symposium on Living Resources , Seas Guinea waters. Papua New Guinea Dept. of the oil sardine at Karwar. Indian J. Around India, Spec. Publ., Cent. Mar. Primary Industries Res. Rep. 84-05. Port Fish. 16(1-2):35-50. Fish. Res. Inst., Cochin, India. Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 59 p. Anon. 1985. Report of the Second Working Banerji, S.K. and T.S. Krishnan. 1973. Dalzell, P. and R.A. Ganaden. 1987. A Group Meeting on the Mackerels Acceleration of assessment of fish review of the fisheries for small pelagic (Decapterus and Rastrelliger spp.) in the populations and comparative studies of fishes in Philippine waters. Tech. Pap.

24 Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly (Vol. 23, No. 4) October-December 2000 Ser. Bur. Fish. Aquat. Resour. (Philipp.) of India. p. 115-126. In S.C. Venema and ICLARM Fishbyte 4(1): 18-20. 10(1):58 p. Bureau of Fisheries and N.P. van Zalinge (eds.) Contributions to Pauly, D. 1984. Fish population dynamics Aquatic Resources, Quezon City, tropical fish stock assessment in India. in tropical waters: a manual for use with Philippines. FAO/DANIDA/ICAR National Follow- programmable calculators. ICLARM Dalzell, P.J. and J.W. Wankowski. 1980. The up Training Course on Fish Stock Stud. Rev. 8. 325p. fishbyte biology, population dynamics and Assessment, Cochin, India, 2-28 Pauly, D. 1980. On the interrelationships fisheries dynamics of exploited stocks November 1987. FI:GCP/INT/392/ between natural mortality, growth of three baitfish species: Stolephorus DEN/1. parameters, and mean environmental heterolobus, S. devisi and Spratelloides Lavapie-Gonzales, F., S.R. 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Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly (Vol. 23, No. 4) October-December 2000 25 RAB/81/002/18. 62 p. Mozambique. Rev. Invest. Pesq. Singapore Strait. Proc. IPFC 12(2):1-25. Sekharan, K.V. 1955. Observations on the (Maputo) 16:1-18. Wetherall, J.A. 1986. A new method for choodai fishery of Mandapam area. Tandog-Edralin, D., S.R. Ganaden and P. estimating growth and mortality Indian J. Fish. 2(1):113-131. Fox. 1988. A comparative study of fish parameters from length-frequency data. Sivestre, G., M. Soriano and D. Pauly. 1991. mortality rates in moderately and heavily ICLARM Fishbyte 4(1): 12-14. Sigmoid selection and the Beverton and fished areas of the Philippines. p. 468- ______Holt yield equation. Asian Fish. Sci. 4: 481. In S.C. Venema, J.M. Christensen I.E. Aripin is from Mindanao State 85-98. and D. Pauly (eds.) Contributions to University, Tawi-Tawi College of Sousa, M.I. 1992. Seasonal growth of five tropical fisheries biology. FAO/ Technology and Oceanography commercially important fishes at Sofala DANIDA Follow-up Training Course on (MSU TCTO), Sanga-Sanga, Tawi- Bank, Mozambique. Rev. Invest. Pesq., Fish Stock Assessment in the Tropics, Tawi, Philippines. P.A.T. Showers Maputo. 21:79-97. Denmark, 1986 and Philippines, 1987. is formerly from the Institute of Sousa, M.I. and J. Gj¿saeter. 1987 FAO Fish. Rep. (389). Marine Biology and Oceanography, Reproduction, age and growth of the Tham Ah Kow. 1967. A contribution to the Fourah Bay College, University of round scad, Decapterus macrosoma study of the growth of members of the Sierra Leone. (Present address: (Bleeker, 1851) (Carangidae) from genus Stolephorus Lacépède in MSU TCTO)

26 Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly (Vol. 23, No. 4) October-December 2000