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University Microfilms International 300 N INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted you will find a target note listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. University Microfilms International 300 N. ZEEB RD., ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 8121845 P o x c e, E l is e o R a m ir e z FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE ADOPTION LEVEL, AVERAGE RICE YIELD, PARTICIPATION LEVEL, AND PERCEPTION LEVEL OF SMALL-SCALE RICE FARMERS: A CASE STUDY OF SAMAHANG NA Y O N MEMBERS IN LEYTE, PHILIPPINES The Ohio State University PH.D. 1981 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, M I 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check Vmark . 1. Glossy photographs or pages______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages\/ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. Page(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered___________ . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Other_____________________________________________________________________ _ University Microfilms International FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE ADOPTION LEVEL, AVERAGE RICE YIELD, PARTICIPATION LEVEL, AND PERCEPTION LEVEL OF SMALL-SCALE RICE FARMERS A Case Study of Samahang Nayon Members in Leyte, Philippines DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Eliseo R. Ponce ***** The Ohio State University 1981 Reading Committee: Approved by Dr. J. R. Warmbrod Dr. G. H. Phillips Dr. L. H. Newcomb Adviser department of Agricultural Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The preparation of this dissertation has been one of the most rewarding experiences in my graduate study. First, it has allowed me to integrate and apply the research knowl­ edge I learned in my classes, giving me a sense of concrete accomplishment. More important, however, it has given me the opportunity to understand better the meaning of human good­ ness. A number of persons went out of their way to help make this dissertation possible. The important assistance received from my colleagues and friends at the Visayas State College of Agriculture in Leyte, Philippines is gratefully acknowledged. Manuel Ancheta, Sarah Ancheta, Salvador Dagoy, Fe Jazon, Edith Ventula, and Alberto Ricarte graciously donated countless hours beginning with the pretesting of the instrument until the data collection stage. Additionally, the President of the College, F. A. Bernardo, was most kind in helping obtain partial support for this research from EDPITAF. Like most quantitative social research, the computer was extensively used in this study. Special credit is due to Pattie Costello and Fred Reuland of the Statistical Labora­ tory in the Department of Statistics for their help in the use of special computer programs, including the interpreta­ tion of the "tons" of computer printouts. Fred had been ii most generous with his time in spite of his busy schedule as head of the laboratory. Sincere appreciation is also extended to John Kennedy, professor of the Department of Educational Foundations and Research, and to Edward Carter, visiting statistics profes­ sor from the University of Guelph, for the help and guidance in the use of multivariate statistical procedures in this study. Of course, this study would not have been possible without the sustained guidance and inspiration of my adviser, J. R. Warmbrod, throughout my entire graduate study in this university. As a recognized outstanding professor of social research, he has been most influential in my decision to specialize in quantitative methods. The valued help of the other members of my Dissertation Committee is also appreciated. L. H. Newcomb and G. H. Phil­ lips had been most constructive in their comments and suggestions. Special thanks also goes to the Graduate School of The Ohio State University for the Graduate Alumni Research Award and to my former adviser, R. McCormick, for his valued guid­ ance during the first year of my graduate study. Finally, to my wife, Lucylen, and to my two daughters, Lezyl and Lueli, a big "thank you" for the joy of discover­ ing that graduate study, in spite of certain difficulties, can be fun and enjoyable because they are there to under­ stand, inspire, help, and learn with me. VITA June 14, 1943 ......... Born-Malabuyoc, Cebu, Philippines. 1964 .................... B.S. in Agricultural Education Visayas State College of Agricul­ ture, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines. 1964-1968 ............... Secondary School Teacher Naval School of Fisheries Naval, Leyte, Philippines. 1968-1969 ............... Grantee, Shell Oil Scholarship, Philippines. 1969-1970 ........ Grantee, National Science Devel­ opment Board Scholarship, Philippines. 197 0 ......... ".......... Master of Arts in Teaching University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. 197 0-1973 ............... Secondary School Teacher and Head, Vocational Education Depart­ ment, Cebu Agricultural College, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. 1973-1975 ............... Principal, Capiz Agricultural and Fishery School, Pontevedra, Capiz, Philippines. 1975-1977 ............... Assistant Professor and Coordina­ tor, Community Extension Service, Visayas State College of Agricul­ ture, Baybay, Leyte, Philippines. 1977-1978 ............... Grantee, World Bank Scholarship. 1978-1981 ............... Graduate Research Associate National Center for Research in Vocational Education, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. iv FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Agricultural Extension Studies in Social Research Dr. J. Robert Warmbrod and Statistics Dr. John J. Kennedy Dr. Kent Schwirian Studies in Rural Dr. G. Howard Phillips Development Dr. William Flinn Dr. Ted Napier Studies in Extension Dr. David Jenkins Methods and Program Dr. Ralph Bender Development TABLE OF"CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................ ii VITA ................................................... iv LIST OF TA B L E S .......................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................... X CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .................................. 1 The Philippine Situation ............... 6 Statement of the Problem and Objective of the S t u d y ................ 10 Delimitation and Scope of the Study . 20 Organization of the Dissertation ......... 20 II. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ......................... 21 The Consensus Perspective . ............. 21 The Conflict Perspective ............... 28 C o n c l u s i o n ............................. .. 36 III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......................... 38 Population and Sample .................... 38 Instrument Development .................... 40 Data Collection Procedure.. ............... 45 Data Preparation and A n a l y s i s ........... 49 IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....................... 55 The Respondents: Two P r o f i l e s ........... 55 Relationships Between the Sets of Predictor Variables and the Set of Criterion Variables.. ............... 79 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Page CHAPTER V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS . 117 S u m
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