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Determination of D003 by Capillary Gas Chromatography
Rev. CENIC Cienc. Quím.; vol. 51. (no.2): 325-368. Año. 2020. e-ISSN: 2221-2442. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REWIEW THE FAMOUS FINNISH CHEMIST JOHAN GADOLIN (1760-1852) IN THE LITERATURE BETWEEN THE 19TH AND 21TH CENTURIES El famoso químico finlandés Johan Gadolin (1760-1852) en la literatura entre los siglos XIX y XXI Aleksander Sztejnberga,* a,* Professor Emeritus, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland [email protected] Recibido: 19 de octubre de 2020. Aceptado: 10 de diciembre de 2020. ABSTRACT Johan Gadolin (1760-1852), considered the father of Finnish chemistry, was one of the leading chemists of the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. His life and scientific achievements were described in the literature published between the 19th and 21st centuries. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the important events in the life of Gadolin and his research activities, in particular some of his research results, as well as his selected publications. In addition, the names of authors of biographical notes or biographies about Gadolin, published in 1839-2017 are presented. Keywords: J. Gadolin; Analytical chemistry; Yttrium; Chemical elements; Finnland & Sverige – XVIII-XIX centuries RESUMEN Johan Gadolin (1760-1852), considerado el padre de la química finlandesa, fue uno de los principales químicos de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII y la primera mitad del XIX. Su vida y sus logros científicos fueron descritos en la literatura publicada entre los siglos XIX y XXI. El propósito de este artículo es familiarizar a los lectores con los acontecimientos importantes en la vida de Gadolin y sus actividades de investigación, en particular algunos de sus resultados de investigación, así como sus publicaciones seleccionadas. -
Rediscovery of the Elements — a Historical Sketch of the Discoveries
REDISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENTS — A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE DISCOVERIES TABLE OF CONTENTS incantations. The ancient Greeks were the first to Introduction ........................1 address the question of what these principles 1. The Ancients .....................3 might be. Water was the obvious basic 2. The Alchemists ...................9 essence, and Aristotle expanded the Greek 3. The Miners ......................14 philosophy to encompass a obscure mixture of 4. Lavoisier and Phlogiston ...........23 four elements — fire, earth, water, and air — 5. Halogens from Salts ...............30 as being responsible for the makeup of all 6. Humphry Davy and the Voltaic Pile ..35 materials of the earth. As late as 1777, scien- 7. Using Davy's Metals ..............41 tific texts embraced these four elements, even 8. Platinum and the Noble Metals ......46 though a over-whelming body of evidence 9. The Periodic Table ................52 pointed out many contradictions. It was taking 10. The Bunsen Burner Shows its Colors 57 thousands of years for mankind to evolve his 11. The Rare Earths .................61 thinking from Principles — which were 12. The Inert Gases .................68 ethereal notions describing the perceptions of 13. The Radioactive Elements .........73 this material world — to Elements — real, 14. Moseley and Atomic Numbers .....81 concrete basic stuff of this universe. 15. The Artificial Elements ...........85 The alchemists, who devoted untold Epilogue ..........................94 grueling hours to transmute metals into gold, Figs. 1-3. Mendeleev's Periodic Tables 95-97 believed that in addition to the four Aristo- Fig. 4. Brauner's 1902 Periodic Table ...98 telian elements, two principles gave rise to all Fig. 5. Periodic Table, 1925 ...........99 natural substances: mercury and sulfur. -
Feb 05 2.Indd
Pittsburgh Section http://membership.acs.org/P/Pitt Volume: LXXXX No.6 February 2005 Pittsburgh Award 2004 Pittcon 2005 The following pictures were taken at the 2004 Pittsburgh Award Dinner held on December The Pittsburgh Conference will 9, 2004 at the Sheraton Station Square Hotel. The Dinner honored 2004 Pittsburgh Award be held in Orlando, FL, February winner, Terrence J. Collins, Lord Professor of Chemistry at Carnegie Mellon University. 27 through March 4, 2005. This The Pittsburgh Award was established in 1932 by the Pittsburgh Section of the ACS to year’s theme is: Pittcon2005, recognize outstanding leadership in chemical affairs in the local and larger professional Everything Science Under the community. The award symbolizes the honor and appreciation accorded to those who have rendered distinguished service to the field of chemistry. Sun! Contents . Pittsburgh Award 2004 1 Eastern Analytical Symposium 2 Job Searching for Chemical Professionals 3 ACS Pittsburgh Chemists Club 4 “Hydrogen Storage: Prospects and Problems” SACP February Meeting 4 “Nanoparticle/Cancer Drugs” Energy Technology Group 5 Terry Collin’s Group. Seated: Terry Collins Front row: Sujit Mondal, Evan Beach, Arani “Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Can It Chanda, Delia Popescu, Deboshri Banerjee, Yong-Li Qian, Colin Horwitz, Paul Anastas (Pittsburgh Award Committee) Back Row: Neil Donahue (Pittsburgh Award Committee), Become a Reality for the U.S.?” Mark Beir (Pittsburgh Award Committee), Matt Stadler, Jennifer Henry, Melani Vrabel, SSP March Meeting 5 Eric Rohanna, -
CORE MAGNESIUM NITRATE SOLUTION | FOLIAR and SOIL APPLICATION CORE MAGNESIUM NITRATE for Correction Or Prevention of Magnesium Deficiency in Most Crops
CORE MAGNESIUM NITRATE SOLUTION | FOLIAR AND SOIL APPLICATION CORE MAGNESIUM NITRATE For Correction or Prevention of Magnesium deficiency in Most Crops GENERAL INFORMATION 7-0-0-6% Mg CORE MAGNESIUM NITRATE solution is an effective, readily available source of Increase liquid Magnesium for both soil and foliar your applications. It may be applied in water sprays, yields! with pesticides, or with most liquid fertilizers. GuARANTEEd ANALysIs: Advantages of CORE MAGNEsIuM Nitrogen (N).........................................................................7.0% NITRATE solution over dry products 7.0% Nitrate Nitrogen • Liquid CORE MAGNESIUM NITRATE is easier Magnesium (Mg)................................................................6.0% to handle and mix than dry magnesium nitrate. Derived from: Magnesium Nitrate. • Reduced time and labor cost using liquid over dry. • Less waste and lower warehousing cost. RECOMMENdEd RATEs Nuts and Pome Fruit: Apply 1 to 4 quarts per acre per application. Apply Product specifications first application at green tip and subsequent applications at 30-day intervals, CAs Number 10377-60-3 or as needed to meet nutritional requirements. Mg (NO3)2 36.61% Grapes and Berries: Apply 1 to 4 quarts per acre per application. Apply first application pre-bloom and subsequent applications at 30-day intervals, Odor None or as needed to meet nutritional requirements. Appearance Clear, colorless solution Avocados and Citrus Fruit: Apply 1 to 4 quarts per acre per application. salt Index 43 Apply first application at pre-bloom, then subsequent applications at mid salt out Temp. 15˚F crop and 3 to 4 weeks prior to harvest, or as needed to meet nutritional requirements. stone Fruit: Apply 1 to 4 quarts per acre per application. -
SN Supplement 5 Fram
Vem samlade var under 1700- och 1800-talen? Entomofaunistikens grundläggande och förutsättningar i Sverige, landskap för landskap av Mattias Forshage NEF > SUPPLEMENT 5, 2020 < NEF Skörvnöpparn, Umeå Supplement 5, 2020: 1-42 Vem samlade var under 1700- och 1800-talen? Entomofaunistikens grundläggande och förutsättningar i Sverige, landskap för landskap MATTIAS FORSHAGE INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING Varför lokalfaunistikhistoria? .............................................................................2 Källor och avgränsningar ....................................................................................2 Den entomofaunistiska litteraturen .....................................................................3 Begränsningar .......................................................................................................3 Tack ........................................................................................................................6 Faunaprovinserna .................................................................................................6 Provinsvis sammanställning .................................................................................7 Skåne .......................................................................................................................7 Blekinge ..................................................................................................................9 Halland ...................................................................................................................9 -
Ficha CNA Mg(NO3)
CNA CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID (Mg(NO3)2 Process) Concentrated nitric acid (CNA) is used in the production of explosives and chemicals such as isocyanates and nitrobenzene. The concentrated Nitric Acid can be obtained from weak Nitric Acid (57-60%)with an extractive distillation column as explained in this brochure. ESPINDESA can integrate the production of Weak Acid and Concentrated NitricAcid Processes. Arapiles, 13-28015 Madrid. Spain Tel. +34 914483100 Fax +34 914480456 email: [email protected] web: www.espindesa.es CNA CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID (Mg(NO3)2 Process) PROCESS DESCRIPTION The Salt Evaporator drum is provided with an U tube heater to avoid freezing during shutdowns. The attached drawing shows the critical Concentrated Nitric Acid operation zones for magnesium nitrate. The water vapors produced in the Salt Evaporator during the salt concentration operation are condensed in The maximum boiling azeotrope of nitric acid and water (69 percent nitric the Salt Concentrator Condenser and drained to Battery Limits. acid) requires extractive distillation to produce concentrated nitric acid when starting with acid that is weaker than the azeotrope. Sulphuric acid The uncondensed gases leaving the dehydrating Tower Condenser pass has been used for this extractive distillation, but its use requires high through the Gas-Liquid Separator and, jointly with the non condensed maintenance costs. Magnesium nitrate is being used in several commercial vapors from the Salt Concentrator Condenser, are aspired by the Vacuum plants in extractive distillation of nitric acid and was selected rather than Pumps used to produce vacuum in the Dehydrating Tower and in the Salt other nitrate salts since it has the most favourable combination of physical Concentrator Condenser. -
I Carl Von Linnés Fotspår
I CARL VON LINNÉS FOTSPÅR I Carl von Linnés fotspår Svenska Linnésällskapet 100 år erik hamberg Svenska Linnésällskapet Uppsala 2018 © Erik Hamberg och Svenska Linnésällskapet 2018 Omslaget visar den Linnémedaljong som tillverkades av Wedgwood till Linnéjubileet 1907. I privat ägo. Foto: Magnus Hjalmarsson, UUB. Produktion: Grafisk service, Uppsala universitet Utformning: Martin Högvall Texten satt med Adobe Garamond Pro ISBN 978-91-85601-43-1 Tryckt i Sverige av DanagårdLiTHO AB, Ödeshög 2018 Innehåll Förord ...................................................................................................... 7 Linnébilden tar form .............................................................................. 11 Tidiga Linnésällskap i Sverige ................................................................ 13 Linnéjubileer 1807–1907 ........................................................................ 15 Forskare och samlare med Linnéintressen .............................................. 19 Svenska Linnésällskapet bildas ............................................................... 23 Insamling av Linnéminnen .................................................................... 29 Linnémuseet .......................................................................................... 33 Linnéträdgården .................................................................................... 47 Elof Förbergs bibliotek ........................................................................... 63 Linnés Hammarby ................................................................................ -
Safety Data Sheet Spectrus* Nx106
Version: 3.0 Effective Date: Jun-18-2015 Previous Date: Jun-05-2015 SAFETY DATA SHEET SPECTRUS* NX106 1. Identification Product identifier SPECTRUS NX106 Other means of identification None. Recommended use Biocide Recommended restrictions None known. Company/undertaking identification GE Betz, Inc. 4636 Somerton Road Trevose, PA 19053 T 215 355 3300, F 215 953 5524 Emergency telephone (800) 877 1940 2. Hazard(s) identification Physical hazards Not classified. Health hazards Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1 Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 Sensitization, skin Category 1 Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure Category 3 respiratory tract irritation OSHA defined hazards Not classified. Label elements Signal word Danger Hazard statement Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. May cause an allergic skin reaction. Causes serious eye damage. May cause respiratory irritation. Precautionary statement Prevention Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Do not breathe mist or vapor. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Contaminated work clothing must not be allowed out of the workplace. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Response If swallowed: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. If on skin (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. If inhaled: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a poison center/doctor/. Specific treatment (see this label). If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. -
Anders Adolf Retzius
Anders Adolf Retzius Anders Adolf Retzius (* 13. Oktober 1796 in Lund; † 18. April 1860 in Stockholm) war ein schwedischer Anatom und Anthropologe. Inhaltsverzeichnis Leben Wirken Beiträge zur Anatomie Beiträge zur Anthropologie Beiträge zur Kraniometrie Mitglied wissenschaftlicher Gesellschaften Eponyme Anatomie Auszeichnungen Werke (Auswahl) Anders Retzius Einzelnachweise Literatur Weblinks Leben Schon in seiner Kindheit wurde Retzius von seinem Vater Anders Jahan Retzius (1742–1821) mit der Naturgeschichte vertraut gemacht, insbesondere mit der Zoologie. Während seines Medizinstudiums in Lund und Kopenhagen stand er unter dem Einfluss des Anatomen Arvid Henrik Florman (1761–1840), der ihn in die Methoden der Präparation einführte. Im Jahre 1816 verbrachte Retzius ein Studienjahr in Kopenhagen und befreundete sich mit dem Anatomen Ludwig Levin Jacobson (1783–1843), dem Physiker Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851) und dem Zoologen Johan Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt (1776–1845). Nach seiner Rückkehr nach Lund beendete er dort sein Medizinstudium. 1817 erhielt er das Medizin licentiat und wurde 1818 zum kirurgie magister ernannt. 1819 legte er seine Dissertation über die Anatomie der Knorpelfische (Katzenhai) vor (Observationes in anatomiam chondropterygium praecipue Squali et rajae generum). Retzius diente als Militärarzt, zuerst in Schonen, später in Jämtland. 1823, vier Jahre nach seinem Doktorat, wurde Retzius Professor für Veterinärmedizin am Veterinär-Institut in Stockholm, wo er ein Anatomisches Museum gründete. Seit 1824 war er Lehrer der Anatomie am Karolinska-Institut, 1824 stellvertretender Professor (1830 zugleich Inspektor), das er als ordentlicher Professor der Anatomie von 1840 bis zu seinem Tode am 18. April 1860 leitete. Anders Retzius heiratete 1835; seine zweite Frau, die Mutter von Magnus Gustaf Retzius (1842–1919), war Emilia Sofia Wahlberg, eine Schwester des Botanikers und Entomologen Peter Fredrik Wahlberg (1800–1877). -
CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (Chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75
CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75 1. A solution is prepared by adding 40.3 g of Mg(NO3)2 to 127 g of water. Calculate the mole fraction and molality of magnesium nitrate in this solution. 2. What is the boiling point of an aqueous solution of a nonelectrolyte that has an osmotic pressure of 10.50 atm at 25°C? Kb of water is 0.52°C/m. Assume the density of the solution is the same as that of pure water. A) 0.22°C B) 0.429°C C) 100.43°C D) 99.78°C E) 100.22°C 3. Which of the following compounds should be soluble in CCl4? A) NaCl B) H2O C) NaOH D) C8H18 E) None of these 4. Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points: 0.050 m Mg(NO3)2; 0.100 m ethanol; 0.090 m NaCl. A) Mg(NO3)2 < NaCl < ethanol B) ethanol < Mg(NO3)2 < NaCl C) ethanol < NaCl < Mg(NO3)2 D) NaCl < ethanol < Mg(NO3)2 E) Mg(NO3)2 < ethanol < NaCl 5. The density of a 20.3 M CH3OH (methanol) solution is 0.858 g/mL. What is the molality of this solution? H2O is the solvent. A) 17.4 m B) 20.8 m C) 23.7 m D) 70.0 m E) 97.6 m 6. Explain the following, on the basis of osmosis or osmotic pressure: When sprinkled with sugar, a dish of sliced fruit will form its own juice. -
Secretariat GENERAL
UNITED NATIONS ST Distr. Secretariat GENERAL ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2005/48 13 September 2005 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND ON THE GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING OF CHEMICALS Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Twenty-eighth session, 28 November-7 December 2005 Item 5 of the provisional agenda LISTING, CLASSIFICATION AND PACKING Classification of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate Submitted by the expert from South Africa Background Magnesium nitrate (UN 1474) is classified in the UN Model Regulations as an oxidizer of Division 5.1, Packing Group III. Magnesium nitrate exists in multiple forms differentiated by the degree of hydration e.g. dihydrate, tetrahydrate and hexahydrate. Sasol Nitro in South Africa is a major manufacturer of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and produces and exports about 25 % of the estimated world production of 20 kilo tonnes per year. The hexahydrate of magnesium nitrate is solely supplied to the agricultural sector where it is used in fertilizers and, principally, in fertigation (liquid fertilizers). See annex A for the Technical Data Sheet. Discussion The TNO Prins Maurits Laboratory in The Netherlands and the Fire Engineering Laboratory of the South African Bureau of Standards tested the magnesium nitrate hexahydrate in accordance with Test 0.1: Test for oxidizing solids of the UN Manual of tests and criteria. The results obtained are given in the table below. ST/SG/AC.10/C.3/2005/48 page 2 Substance Ratio Mean burning time, s TNO Prins Maurits Fire Engineering Laboratory, Laboratory, The SABS Netherlands Reference 3:7 116 60 2:3 39 42 3:2 8 18 Magnesium nitrate 1:1 >180 a 720 hexahydrate 4:1 >180 a 186 a No flames were observed, only yellow-brown smoke. -
Carl Peter Thunberg and Japanese Natural History
ISSN: 2186-8476, ISSN: 2186-8468 Print Vol. 2 No. 2, June 2013 CARL PETER THUNBERG AND JAPANESE NATURAL HISTORY Bertil Nordenstam Department of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, SWEDEN. 1 [email protected] ABSTRACT Carl Peter Thunberg (1743-1828) was the most famous of Linnaeus’s pupils and became known as the `Linnaeus of Japan`. However, he was a zoologist almost as much as a botanist and should be remembered also for his lasting contributions to zoology, especially entomology. He published about 160 zoological papers, 90 of which dealt with insects, and he described more than 1,500 new species of insects. One of his first scientific papers dealt with the new grasshopper genus Pneumora from South Africa. Thunberg’s insect collections amount to 36,000 specimens and are largely intact as today. He was also the author of several mammals, such as the Brown Hyaena, and a number of reptiles and fishes, including several new species from Japan. Keywords: Thunberg, Japanese natural history, Entomology, Linnaean disciple, Taxonomy, History of science INTRODUCTION We tend to think of Linnaeus and many of his foremost pupils as botanists. Linnaeus has been famed as ‘ Princeps botanicorum’ , and his perhaps most successful disciple, Carl Peter Thunberg (1743—1828; Fig. 1), has been named the ‘Father of South African Botany’ and also the ‘Linnaeus of Japan’. However, most of the Linnaean apostles, like Linnaeus himself, were medical doctors and zoologists as well – in fact they are better labeled as naturalists, or natural history scientists. Their academic positions were not in botany, but rather in medicine and botany, and similar combinations.