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CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (Chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75

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CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (Chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75 CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75 1. A solution is prepared by adding 40.3 g of Mg(NO3)2 to 127 g of water. Calculate the mole fraction and molality of magnesium nitrate in this solution. 2. What is the boiling point of an aqueous solution of a nonelectrolyte that has an osmotic pressure of 10.50 atm at 25°C? Kb of water is 0.52°C/m. Assume the density of the solution is the same as that of pure water. A) 0.22°C B) 0.429°C C) 100.43°C D) 99.78°C E) 100.22°C 3. Which of the following compounds should be soluble in CCl4? A) NaCl B) H2O C) NaOH D) C8H18 E) None of these 4. Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing boiling points: 0.050 m Mg(NO3)2; 0.100 m ethanol; 0.090 m NaCl. A) Mg(NO3)2 < NaCl < ethanol B) ethanol < Mg(NO3)2 < NaCl C) ethanol < NaCl < Mg(NO3)2 D) NaCl < ethanol < Mg(NO3)2 E) Mg(NO3)2 < ethanol < NaCl 5. The density of a 20.3 M CH3OH (methanol) solution is 0.858 g/mL. What is the molality of this solution? H2O is the solvent. A) 17.4 m B) 20.8 m C) 23.7 m D) 70.0 m E) 97.6 m 6. Explain the following, on the basis of osmosis or osmotic pressure: When sprinkled with sugar, a dish of sliced fruit will form its own juice. CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75, Page 1 7. What is the mass percent CH3OH of a 0.256 m CH3OH(aq) solution. A) 0.814 % B) 0.992 % C) 1.23 % D) 1.29 % E) 1.51 % 8. 0.102 g of an unknown compound dissolved in 100. mL of water has an osmotic pressure of 28.1 mmHg at 20°C. Calculate the molar mass of the compound. A) 663 g/mol B) 0.872 g/mol C) 1.15 g/mol D) 727 g/mol E) 1.10 102 g/mol 9. How many grams of water are needed to dissolve 27.8 g of ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 in order to prepare a 0.452 m solution? A) 769 g B) 36.2 g C) 100. g D) 0.157 g E) 157 g 10. The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mmHg. What is the vapor pressure of 2 2 water over a solution prepared from 2.00 10 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) and 3.50 10 g water? A) 0.51 mmHg B) 16.0 mmHg C) 17.0 mmHg D) 18.0 mmHg E) 19.4 mmHg 11. Maple syrup is mostly a solution of sucrose in water. Calculate the molality of the syrup if a sample freezes at –0.50°C, assuming the solute is pure sucrose. [For water, Kf is 1.86°C/m.] CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75, Page 2 12. What is the freezing point of a solution prepared from 50.0 g ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and 85.0 g H2O? Kf of water is 1.86°C/m. A) 17.6°C B) –176°C C) –1.50°C D) 1.50°C E) –17.6°C 13. According to Raoult's law, which statement is false? A) The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution decreases as its mole fraction increases. B) The solubility of a gas increases as the temperature decreases. C) The vapor pressure of a solvent over a solution is less than that of pure solvent. D) The greater the pressure of a gas over a solution the greater its solubility. E) Ionic solutes dissociate in solution causing an enhancement of all colligative properties. 14. A saturated solution A) contains more solute than solvent. B) contains more solvent than solute. C) contains equal moles of solute and solvent. D) contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in that solvent at that temperature. E) contains a solvent with only sigma bonds and no pi bonds (i.e. only single bonds, with no double or triple bonds). 15. A 100. mL sample of water is taken from the Great Salt Lake, and the water is allowed to evaporate. The salts that remain (mostly NaCl) have a mass of 31.9 g Calculate the original concentration of NaCl, in g per liter, in each water sample. 16. What is the molarity of a solution of 10% by mass cadmium sulfate, CdSO4 (molar mass = 208.46 g/mol) by mass? The density of the solution is 1.10 g/mL. A) 0.528 M B) 0.436 M C) 0.479 M D) 0.048 M E) 22.9 M 17. What is the percent by mass of sodium phosphate in a 0.142 M Na3PO4(aq) solution that has a density of 1.015 g/mL? CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75, Page 3 18. Explain the following, on the basis of osmosis or osmotic pressure: An effective way to kill a snail or slug in your garden is to sprinkle it with salt. 19. Thyroxine, an important hormone that controls the rate of metabolism in the body, can be isolated from the thyroid gland. If 0.455 g of thyroxine is dissolved in 10.0 g of benzene, the freezing point of the solution is 5.144°C. Pure benzene freezes at 5.444°C and has a Kf of 5.12°C/m. What is the molar mass of thyroxine? 20. For water Kf = 1.86°C/m. Therefore, the freezing points of 1.0 M aqueous KCl and C2H5OH (ethanol) solutions are the same. A) True B) False 21. The solubility of oxygen in lakes high in the Rocky Mountains is affected by the –4 altitude. If the solubility of O2 from the air is 2.67 10 M at sea level and 25°C, what is the solubility of O2 at an elevation of 12,000 ft where the atmospheric pressure is 0.657 atm? Assume the temperature is 25°C, and that the mole fraction of O2 in air is 0.209 at both 12,000 ft and at sea level. A) 1.75 10–4 M B) 2.67 10–4 M C) 3.66 10–5 M D) 4.06 10–4 M E) None of the above. 22. A 15.00 % by mass solution of lactose (C12H22O11, 342.30 g/mol) in water has a density of 1.0602 g/mL at 20°C. What is the molarity of this solution? A) 0.03097 M B) 0.4133 M C) 0.4646 M D) 1.590 M E) 3.097 M 23. What is the molarity and molality of a solution that is 10.00 % by mass potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO3, 100.11 g/mol) and has a density of 1.0650 g/mL? CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75, Page 4 24. What is the percent CsCl by mass in a 0.711 M CsCl solution that has a density of 1.091 g/mL? A) 3.87 10–4 % B) 3.87 10–1 % C) 11.0 % D) 1.10 % E) 6.50 10–2 % 25. Aspirin, C9H8O4, slowly decomposes at room temperature by reacting with water in the atmosphere to produce acetic acid, HC2H3O2, and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, C7H6O3 (this is why old bottles of aspirin often smell like vinegar): C9H8O4 + H2O HC2H3O2 + C7H6O3 Concentration and rate data for this reaction are given below. [C9H8O4] (M) [H2O] (M) Rate (M/s) 0.0100 0.0200 2.4 10–13 0.0100 0.0800 9.6 10–13 0.0200 0.0200 4.8 10–13 Write the rate law for this reaction and calculate k (be sure to include the correct units). 26. For the hypothetical reaction A + 3B 2C, the rate of appearance of C given by ([C]/t) may also be expressed as A) [C]/t = [A]/t B) [C]/t = –(3/2) [B]/t C) [C]/t = –(2/3) [B]/t D) [C]/t = –(1/2) [A]/t 27. A certain first-order reaction A B is 25% complete in 42 min at 25°C. What is its rate constant? A) 6.8 10–3 min–1 B) 8.3 10–3 min–1 C) 3.3 10–2 min–1 D) –3.3 10–2 min–1 E) 11 min–1 28. The rate constant for a certain first-order reaction is 0.40/min. What is the initial rate in mole/L·min, if the initial concentration of the compound involved is 0.50 mol/L? CHEM 1412. Review for Test 1 (chapter 13, 14, 15). Ky75, Page 5 29. The first-order decomposition of SO2Cl2 to sulfur dioxide gas and chlorine gas at 320°C has a half-life of 8.75 hr. If one begins with 600. mmHg of pure SO2Cl2 in a 5.00-L flask at 320°C, how long does it take for the total pressure in the flask to rise to 1.000 atm? A) 6.45 hr B) 11.1 hr C) 3.91 hr D) 20.3 hr E) 6.91 hr –3 –1 30. The rate constant for the first-order decomposition of C4H8 at 500°C is 9.2 10 s . How long will it take for 10.0% of a 0.100 M sample of C4H8 to decompose at 500°C? 31.
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