AGENDA ITEM 8.1

CITY OF LARKSPUR Staff Report

December 12, 2018 City Council Meeting

DATE: December 3, 2018

TO: Honorable Mayor Morrison and the Larkspur City Council

FROM: Julian Skinner, Public Works Director

SUBJECT: AWARD CONSULTANT SERVICES AGREEMENT FOR THE STORM DRAIN MASTER PLAN (CIP 11-041) AND RECEIVE UPDATE ON STATE TRASH CAPTURE REQUIREMENTS ______

ACTION REQUESTED

That Council

1) Award a Consultant Services Contract to Schaaf & Wheeler for completion of the City’s Storm Drain Master Plan in an amount not to exceed $80,000.

2) Receive an update on trash capture requirements amended into the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II permit.

SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND

Storm Drain Master Plan

The City of Larkspur owns and maintains approximately 19 miles of storm drain infrastructure including pipes and structures (manholes, curb inlets, catch basins etc.) of various sizes and materials. The City owns, operates and maintains five storm drain pump stations to drain low lying areas during high tide storms. Most of the storm drain system is over sixty years in age and near the end of its useful life. A number of pipes have failed in recent years, which together with some persistent flooding issues underscores the need for a comprehensive citywide storm drain system analysis.

Such an analysis was last completed in 1988 but was focused on facilities south of Corte Madera Creek. Other documented city storm drain analysis includes a 1989 study of the Larkspur Creek Channel and a 1987 County of Marin study for storm drains north of Sir Francis Drake Boulevard.

The goal of the Storm Drain Master Plan (SDMP) is to identify deficiencies in the system and develop a priority repair/ replacement program to address the same. Over the years, the City has collected 1

AGENDA ITEM 8.1 information on the existing system including as-built mapping, field verification, and select photo and video documentation of system condition. The City is looking to work with a Consultant who can lead the development of the SDMP including making recommendations for additional data needs, analyzing collected data, developing deficiency list and prioritized Capital Plan for repairs/ replacement.

The City is undertaking an ambitious street repaving program that includes repaving of two-thirds of city streets (25 miles) within the next five years. To minimize costly excavation of newly paved streets, the SDMP will need to identify infrastructure that requires replacement by open trenching on streets scheduled to be repaved as priority projects.

Trash Capture

The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) issued requirements to the City of Larkspur for trash reductions from stormwater discharges. These were included in a June 2, 2017 SWRCB issued order to Permittees under California Water Code section 13383. The 13383 Order initiated implementation of the statewide Trash Amendments for Phase II Permittees with regulatory authority over Priority Land Use (PLU) areas.

Phase II Permittees were required to select Track 1 or Track 2 implementation and submit their choice to the Water Board by September 2, 2017. Track 1 implementation installs full trash capture systems to capture trash in runoff from PLUs. Track 2 meets the requirements with a combination of full trash capture devices, multi-benefit projects, other treatment controls, and/or institutional controls. Permittees who choose Track 2, including Larkspur, are required to submit an Implementation Plan which identifies the controls the Permittees will implement and how they will achieve Full Capture System Equivalency (FCE), and how FCE will be demonstrated. This Implementation Plan was submitted to the SWRCB on December 3 of this year.

This Plan’s content and much of the work associated with the NPDES permitting for all agencies in Marin has been provided by the Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program (MCSTOPP). The submitted Plan is based on the City’s current understanding of trash problems within our jurisdiction and the effectiveness of control measures designed to reduce trash impacts associated with Municipal Separate Storm Sewer (MS4) discharges. The Plan is intended to be iterative and may be modified in the future based on information gained through the implementation of trash control measures.

DISCUSSION

Storm Drain Master Plan

On October 1, 2018, the City issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) for a SDMP. The RFP described the requirements for the SDMP including analyzing and modeling the existing system; assessing its adequacy; developing a comprehensive Plan that identifies and characterizes the key components that must be implemented; and discussing the financial impacts of implementation.

Six proposals were received by the November 5, 2018 deadline. The six proposals were individually evaluated by a team including engineering staff from Larkspur and Corte Madera. The proposals were graded on a 0-100 scale based on criteria provided in the RFP. All three reviewers scored the proposal submitted by Schaaf & Wheeler (SW) as the top proposal. There was not consensus in the rankings of the remaining proposals to declare a definitive second or third candidate, nor did any reviewer feel that any additional information that could be offered by the other proposers would sway them to elevate their score above that of SW.

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AGENDA ITEM 8.1 Schaaf & Wheeler scored high marks for their extensive resume of completed SDMPs, their experienced team members and description of project approach. The review team did not think an interview process was necessary given the quality of the SW proposal, lack of consensus competitive proposals and the relatively small value of the proposed contract.

On November 28, 2018, City staff and SW met to discuss scope and fee for the proposed work. The scope and fee have been reviewed by the Public Works Director and found to be reasonable for the proposed work. SW estimates that a draft SDMP will be available in late June 2018.

Trash Capture

California Water Code section 13383 outlines a compliance schedule for cities such as Larkspur to significantly reduce the amount of trash discharged from our storm drains to local water bodies over the next decade. On average the City will need to reduce this trash amount by 10% per year. Non-compliance could result in monetary fines from the State.

The State identified priority land use (PLU) areas where there is a higher potential for trash to enter the storm drain systems. These areas include high density residential, industrial, commercial, mixed urban and public transportation stations. The City mapped and submitted the PLUs within Larkspur as part of the Plan submitted to the State on December 1. These areas represent 350 acres of Larkspur’s 3.24 square miles (2,074 acres.) From these 350 acres, the state estimates some 3,300 gallons of trash enter the waterways each year.

MCSTOPP staff evaluated trash levels in all PLUs during both winter and summer months to assign baseline trash generation levels to each PLU. Most of Larkspur’s PLUs fell into the ‘moderate’ trash generation category, with smaller number of both ‘low’ and ‘high,’ and none in the ‘very high’ category.

The City’s submitted Plan describes a ten-year program to comply with the trash amendment, including year 1 (2019/20) and year 2 (2020/21) as ‘pilot years’ where different techniques will be deployed and evaluated. The Plan is intended to capture all contemplated methods and does not specifically commit the City to any one implementation. Methods that will be deployed may include: • Trash capture devices • Street sweeping enhancements • On-land trash pick-up • Catch basin cleaning • Trash bin/ dumpster management • Public outreach

Areas where methods other than capture devices are installed will need to be surveyed in the future to measure the effectiveness of the method used to reduce trash. Trash capture devices approved by the State are credited as full trash removal where installed.

FISCAL IMPACT

The City-wide Storm Drain Repairs Project (CIP 11-041) is included in the adopted Fiscal Year 2018/19 Capital Improvement Program (CIP) budget, and has sufficient funding to award the subject contract to SW. The project description in the CIP includes ‘Development of a Storm Drain Master Plan.’

Cost impacts of the trash amendment are not known at this time. Estimates were developed by MCSTOPP for a Track 1 implementation in Larkspur at $1.2M over the ten-year compliance window. Track 2 compliance is anticipated to be less expensive than Track 1 but the final cost will depend on the success of the efforts undertaken. 3

AGENDA ITEM 8.1

ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

The requested actions include awarding a contract for infrastructure analysis and receiving a report, neither of which are projects with any potential to impact the environment and as such review under CEQA is not required. The individual projects that may be described in the SDMP will undergo environmental review as part of standard project development work.

Respectfully submitted,

Julian Skinner, Public Works Director/ City Engineer

Attachments 1. Resolution to award consultant contract 2. Schaaf & Wheeler Proposal 3. City of Larkspur Trash Amendment Compliance Plan

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ATTACHMENT 1

CITY OF LARKSPUR RESOLUTION 87/18

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LARKSPUR AWARDING A CONSULTANT SERVICES CONTRACT TO SCHAAF & WHEELER IN THE AMOUNT OF $80,000 FOR THE STORM DRAIN MASTER PLAN UNDER CIP PROJECT 11-041

WHEREAS, the City of Larkspur owns and maintains approximately 19 miles of storm drain infrastructure including pipes and structures of various sizes and materials;

WHEREAS, a number of pipes have failed in recent years, which together with some persistent flooding issues underscores the need for a comprehensive citywide storm drain system analysis;

WHEREAS, funding for a Storm Drain Master Plan (SDMP) is included in Capital Improvement Program project 11-041;

WHEREAS, on October 1, 2018 city staff issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) for development of a SDMP;

WHEREAS, the City received six responses to the RFP by the November 5, 2018 deadline;

WHEREAS, a team of three reviewers selected the proposal submitted by Schaaf & Wheeler as the best;

WHEREAS, Schaaf & Wheeler met with the Public Works Director to finalize a scope and fee for the SDMP;

WHEREAS, the agreed upon scope and fee includes finalizing the SDMP by mid-2019 for a not-to-exceed fee of $80,000;

WHEREAS, the Public Works Director recommends the City enter into a contract with Schaaf & Wheeler for development of the SDMP subject to the negotiated terms described; and,

WHEREAS, City Council authorization is required for the City Manager to execute a Consultant Services Agreement with Schaaf & Wheeler for the total amount estimated to be $80,000.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Larkspur hereby resolve, declare, determine and order as follows:

1 The City of Larkspur is authorized to expend the sums necessary to complete said plan, and to draw said sums from the City’s current fiscal year CIP budget in an amount not to exceed $80,000.

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ATTACHMENT 1

2 The City Manager and/or his designee is authorized and directed to execute a Consultant Services Agreement with Schaaf & Wheeler for an amount estimated to be $80,000 and take all other action necessary to consummate said transactions.

IT IS HEREBY CERTIFIED that the City Council of the City of Larkspur duly introduced and regularly adopted the foregoing resolution at a regular meeting held on December 12, 2018 by the following vote:

AYES: COUNCILMEMBER:

NOES: COUNCILMEMBER:

ABSENT: COUNCILMEMBER:

ABSTAIN: COUNCILMEMBER:

______Ann Morrison, Mayor

ATTEST:

______Jamie Kuryllo, City Clerk

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Engineering Services for a STORM DRAIN MASTER PLAN

November 5, 2018

Proposal by:

Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Table of Contents

1. Cover Letter ...... 1

2. Statement of Understanding of Standard City Consultant Agreement ...... 2

3. Firm Description ...... 2

4. Staffing Plan/Project Team ...... 6

5. Relevant Experience ...... 10

6. Project Understanding and Proposed Approach ...... 14

7. Project Fee and Schedule ...... 21

Resumes ...... 23

November 5, 2018 (i) Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS 2200 Range Ave., Ste. 201 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 707-528-4848 FAX 707-528-0248 1. Cover Letter

Attention: Mr. Julian Skinner, P.E. - Public Works Director Department of Public Works City of Larkspur 400 Magnolia Avenue Larkspur, CA 94939 Subject: Proposal for Citywide Storm Drainage Master Plan Dear Mr. Skinner: Schaaf & Wheeler is pleased to present our qualifications and proposal for the Larkspur Storm Drain Master Plan. We are excited for the opportunity to assist the City with developing capital improvements that will help meet drainage protection goals. Master planning is far more than a modeling exercise, it is the compiling of information, analysis and feedback to develop the framework for a community to manage and improve its infrastructure. Our proposal highlights our strength in developing actionable, comprehensive master plans for municipalities similar to Larkspur whose storm drainage network includes interactions between open channels, pump stations, piping systems, and tidal impacts. Our goal is to develop improvement projects that guide the City towards a higher level of drainage protection while minimizing impacts to the environment and the quality of life in Larkspur. We have the unique skills to assist the City with this complex problem. Our team brings more than 25 years of practical experience to the master planning process. We have assembled a small and focused team of professional engineers with extensive experience in hydrology and hydraulics, numerical modeling, assessment of storm drainage performance, identification of deficiencies, and the design of effective improvements. Emily Straley, a senior engineer, will serve as the Project Engineer. I will serve as Project Manager and will be responsible for any negotiations and can contractually bind the firm for this project and its services. Charles Anderson, President of Schaaf & Wheeler, will be the Principal-in-Charge and provide quality control and quality assurance reviews. Based in San Francisco, our engineers have completed roughly 20 master plans throughout the Bay Area. They have recently completed storm drain master plans for the Cities of Cupertino, Palo Alto, and Moraga, a watershed and pump station assessment for Marin County Flood Control, and we are currently working on the Mill Valley and El Cerrito drainage master plans. Schaaf & Wheeler has assisted the City of Alameda on numerous projects, including master planning, over the past decade. There are numerous similarities between Alameda and Larkspur including lagoon communities, reliance on pumping, and bay-level impacts. We will draw from our successes in Alameda to improve your master plan. Schaaf & Wheeler authored the Santa Clara County Drainage Manual and our founders performed the original FEMA study of Marin County. We have assisted Marin County Flood Control on several projects and have developed a calibrated hydrology methodology for the bayside portion of the County. We are highly experienced in working on projects affected by bay tides and their changing patterns. We are currently designing the Bayfront protections for Foster City that include climate change resiliency. We have carefully read the City’s RFP and have the capability to undertake and complete the responsibilities and obligations requested in this project. My team and I are available and look forward to extending our services to the City of Larkspur. Should you need any further information, please contact me at: Ph: (415) 433-4848, [email protected], or 870 Market Street Ste. 1278, San Francisco, CA 94102. Sincerely, Schaaf & Wheeler

Daniel J. Schaaf, PE Vice President

Santa Clara ● San Francisco ● Santa Rosa ● Salinas

Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

2. Statement of Understanding of Standard City Consultant Agreement

Schaaf & Wheeler has reviewed the City’s Standard Consultant Agreement and we do not have any exceptions, additions or changes. We will be able to sign the contract as is.

3. Firm Description About Schaaf & Wheeler Firm Name Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Main Contact and Daniel J. Schaaf, PE Authorized Person Address: 870 Market Street, Ste. 1278, San Francisco, CA, 94102 Phone: (415) 433-4848 ; Fax: (415) 433-1029 Email: [email protected]

S&W Offices HQ - 1171 Homestead Rd., Ste. 255, Santa Clara, CA 95050 Other Offices 870 Market Street, Ste. 1278, San Francisco, CA, 94102 2200 Range Ave., Ste. 201, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 3 Quail Run Drive, Ste. 101, Salinas, CA 93907

Year of Establishment 1985 (33 years as a company)

Type of Organization Corporation, Incorporated in California

Small Business Enterprise State of California Certification No. 40527

Schaaf & Wheeler is a 36-person civil engineering firm, with 19 California registered professional engineers. Our experienced engineers comprehensively resolve water resources issues throughout the Bay Area. The firm’s achievements range from large flood control projects and FEMA flood insurance studies to local agency public works infrastructure projects involving potable water, recycled water, sewer, and storm drain planning and design. Although certified by the State of California as a small business enterprise, Schaaf & Wheeler has a broad reach. Firm engineers operate from offices in four locations: Santa Clara, San Francisco, Santa Rosa and Salinas. Schaaf & Wheeler focuses exclusively on water projects. Areas of expertise include the following:

 Stormwater management and drainage services, including master planning, engineering and design of urban storm drain systems and pump stations;  Water Quality assurance, including design or review of best management practices (BMPs) for storm water treatment and hydromodification flow control facilities;  Flood Control, including floodplain studies and channel design, filing of letters of map revision and FEMA coordination;  Hydrology and Hydraulics analyses including site evaluations and modeling;  Watershed Assessments, erosion and sediment control, and bioengineered channel stabilization.  Potable Water system master planning, engineering and design of supply, storage, collection and distribution systems, including tanks and booster stations;  Waste Water system master planning, engineering and design of conveyance systems, including lift stations;

November 5, 2018 2 Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

 Recycled Water systems planning, engineering and design, including reclamation feasibility studies and customer retrofits;  Construction management, construction site observation, value engineering, construction cost analysis, and constructability reviews;  Program management, including management of consultants, containment of schedule and cost, and communications with client and stakeholders. Schaaf & Wheeler Experience and Capability Schaaf & Wheeler has served municipal clients continuously throughout our 33-year history. Our engineers provide water resource engineering services for several municipalities and districts throughout the Bay Area and the Central Coast, many of which are experiencing growth and climate changes. Services range from development master planning to full design. Our firm manages several hydraulic models for various clients using a wide variety of software platforms including ICM, SWMM and MIKE-URBAN. Our team is skilled in making focused modeling runs to determine development impacts, to assess system response trash capture, and to identify needed capital improvements. Our firm is structured such that we can work on a wide range of projects, from very specific model runs to large complex designs. Storm Drain Master Plans - Schaaf & Wheeler is a renowned one-stop-shop for urban and rural stormwater solutions. Our engineers have completed more than 20 storm drain master plans in the last five years. Some of our recent storm drain master plan work is listed below. Most of these have a Low Impact Development (LID for NPDES compliance) section addressed in them. Some of our recent storm drain master plan work is shown in the adjacent map. Current and Recent Storm Drain Master Plan Experience Client Year Tidal Channels Pump Stations Trash Capture City of Cupertino 2018 No Yes No No City of El Cerrito 2018 Yes Yes No Yes City of Mill Valley 2018 Yes Yes No Yes City of Half Moon Bay 2018 Yes Yes No No City of Hermosa Beach 2018 Yes No No Yes City of Moraga 2017 No Yes No Yes City of Santa Clara 2016 Yes Yes Yes Yes City of Palo Alto 2016 Yes Yes Yes Yes City of East Palo Alto 2014 Yes No Yes Yes City of Alameda 2011 Yes No Yes Yes City of Orinda 2015 No Yes No No City of Mountain View 2018 Yes Yes Yes Yes City of Livermore 2009 No Yes No Yes City of San Mateo 2008 Yes Yes Yes Yes

November 5, 2018 3 Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Drainage Systems - Schaaf & Wheeler has analyzed and modeled hundreds of miles of urban drainage systems. This team is well versed in urban hydrology and has developed methodologies for several of these municipalities. Dan Schaaf helped author the Santa Clara County Drainage Manual (2007). Schaaf & Wheeler has used most of the standard stormwater models available and has a strong understanding of how to best utilize these tools in making important engineering decisions. Models used by Schaaf & Wheeler include: MIKE-URBAN, HEC-RAS, HEC-HMS, FLO-2D, ICM, EPA SWMM, XPSWMM, InfoSWMM, PC- SWMM, InfoWorks ICM, and MOUSE. Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling - Schaaf & Wheeler has a thorough understanding of and experience with hydrology. We apply stochastic and watershed hydrology methods throughout California and have analyzed various types of watersheds in the Bay Area. Schaaf & Wheeler also developed the hydrology and hydrologic models for Alameda County Flood Control Zone 7 and updated the models for this 630 square mile watershed with over 85 miles of flood control channels. Schaaf & Wheeler has completed hydrologic modeling of hundreds of watersheds throughout California using numerous methodologies including: NRCS (SCS), Rational Method, Green-Ampt, Horton, and Soil Moisture Accounting (continuous simulation). Schaaf & Wheeler continues to develop modern engineering approaches to flood control, channel hydraulics and hydrology. Our staff is well versed in 2D modeling, GIS, LiDAR topography, NEXRAD radar rainfall data, and continuous simulation modeling. We have modeled thousands of miles of open channel using 1D and 2D modeling software including: HEC-2, HEC-RAS, MIKE-21, FLO-2D, and SWMM.

Climate Change Assessments - Schaaf & Wheeler incorporates future climate conditions in engineering designs and planning studies. We have completed several sea-level-rise studies for bayfront communities around San Francisco Bay and understand the science and uncertainty in the current estimates of sea-level- rise and precipitation changes. Many of our hydrologic and hydraulic studies utilize modeling to develop a direct nexus of climate change impacts on drainage and flood control systems. Tidal Flooding and Sea Level Rise - Schaaf & Wheeler has performed several tidal flood studies in the San Francisco Bay area. We are highly familiar with the tidal regime in San Francisco Bay and have provided several analyses and improvement designs related to tidal flooding. Recent projects for Marin County Flood Control and the City of Mill Valley are typical of the work our engineers accomplish. We have prepared construction analyses of pump stations in Tiburon, gaged tidal lagoons in Marin City and Novato, analyzed the tidal influences on Novato Creek, and are modeling the bay impacts on Mill Valley’s drainage networks. Trash Capture Feasibility and Design - Schaaf & Wheeler has completed trash capture feasibility plans to assist the Cities in complying with the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) NPDES Municipal Permit section C.10. Our engineers analyze the City’s existing storm drainage system and trash capture efforts to determine the most feasible alternatives for meeting the trash reduction goal. Our engineering solutions include methodologies; strategies and schedule for implementation; description of proposed control measures and proposed best management practices (BMPs); and design of trash capture devices. The table below lists our recent trash capture projects in the Bay Area. Green Infrastructure Planning and Design - Schaaf & Wheeler is currently providing GI planning services for the Cities of Palo Alto and South San Francisco. As third party qualified Stormwater Management Plan reviewers Schaaf & Wheeler has guided engineers, developers and Cities towards NPDES compliance for Site Design, Source Control, Treatment Measures and Hydromodification. Recognized for our expertise in compliance with the San Francisco Bay Municipal Regional Permit, Schaaf & Wheeler frequently provides planning and design recommendations to improve the installation and operations of Green Infrastructure within Bay Area Cities. Schaaf Wheeler NPDES Compliance Experience - New Development Workshops for municipal stormwater staff at the San Mateo County for Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program (SMCWPPP). Schaaf & Wheeler, at the request of the San Mateo Countywide Water Pollution Prevention Program, performed a new development workshop training session regarding stormwater treatment measure reviews and inspections in 2014. Recognized as a leader in stormwater treatment implementation in the Bay Area, Schaaf & Wheeler provided municipal staff checklists and examples of how to perform treatment design reviews and inspections, related common mistakes and lessons learned.

November 5, 2018 4 Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Our Expansive Experience with Third Party Review in the Last Three Years - Schaaf & Wheeler continues to provide storm water management and pollution control services to assist municipalities with their admirable goal of improving the quality of our water resources and protecting natural streams. Schaaf & Wheeler has been providing installation inspections to ensure that treatment BMPs are installed correctly for various Bay Area cities for over seven years. We take pride in being contributors towards playing an active role in improving our local infrastructure, aiding in the health of our creeks and helping keep our environment green and healthy. The five professionally trained and qualified engineers on our team allows Schaaf & Wheeler the flexibility to effectively mobilize short-term review projects without jeopardizing long-term design projects, thereby providing timely and professional service for both. Schaaf and Wheeler has been on Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program (SCVURPPP’s) Qualified Consultant List since 2011 and our engineers have provided third party plan review services to local agencies and developers on over 350 projects. On-Call NPDES Permit Assistance - Urban Storm Water Management: Practices, Issues, and Requirements - Stormwater management is employed in an urban environment in order to ameliorate the effects that typical urban projects induce on ambient water quality. The State water quality control board has implemented regulations that place a significant emphasis on the use of Low Impact Development (LID) design. The use of LID design helps the watershed to behave similar to an undeveloped watershed which aids in the health of waterways from both a quality and quantity standpoint. As the regulatory field changes, it is important to maintain current understanding of LID measures such as infiltration, capture and bioretention. Field verification helps ensure that these best management practice designs will function as intended. Understanding Federal, State, and Bay Area Stormwater Regulatory Requirements, Especially the Specific Requirements of MRP - The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Clean Water Act established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) by which the State and regional water quality control boards base permits to reduce pollutants from urban runoff. The State Small MS4 Permit was adopted in 2013. This updated permit has several key differences from the old permit. The new permit calls for increased green infrastructure and will soon incorporate the State Trash Amendment requirements. Schaaf & Wheeler will continue to remain up-to-date with the latest changes in the regulatory environment to assist the City with compliance. Schaaf & Wheeler is prepared to provide the City with recommendations to remain in compliance with the current MS4 permit as well as provide interpretive advice as to the future of the permit. Floodplain Analyses and Mapping - Schaaf & Wheeler has completed hundreds of FEMA floodplain analyses including dozens within San Mateo County. These studies range from simple Letters of Map Revision (LOMR) to complete Flood Insurance Studies (FIS). Schaaf & Wheeler provides levee evaluation and certification services for bayfront and riverine systems. Our engineers are well-versed in the FEMA floodplain mapping process. We have analyzed floodplains in nearly every county of California for federal and local governments as well as private land owners. We assist our clients in navigating the often complex mapping process and provide engineering services to remove hazards through flood protection and land use planning. We have performed several regulatory floodway and no-rise analyses for floodplain management and certification. Schaaf & Wheeler is familiar with FEMA’s Community Rating System (CRS) and has assisted Bay Area communities achieve CRS ratings. FEMA Submittals and No Rise Certification - Working on FEMA flood insurance studies and map revisions is a major sector of our business. Schaaf & Wheeler has performed Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) for several California counties including: Santa Clara, Alameda, Monterey, Napa, Marin, and Sacramento. Schaaf & Wheeler also works with local government agencies and private land owners to analyze the FEMA floodplain and make map revisions. Our firm has submitted hundreds of Letters of Map Change (LOMCs) to FEMA. Schaaf & Wheeler has worked with several agencies to analyze the potential impacts of proposed projects. We have worked with the Santa Clara Valley Water District, Monterey County Water Resources, Napa County and San Mateo County Flood Control to gage impacts from planned bridges, trails, roadways, levees, floodwalls and channel modifications.

November 5, 2018 5 Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

4. Staffing Plan/Project Team Schaaf & Wheeler has selected a small and highly skilled project team to assist the City of Larkspur. Each member of this team has immense experience in storm drain master planning and modeling, floodplain hydrology and hydraulics, and green infrastructure planning and design. Daniel J. Schaaf, P.E. – Project Manager Our team is under the strong leadership of Daniel J. Schaaf, P.E. – vice president and an owner of Schaaf & Wheeler. Dan has more than twenty years of experience in flood control and drainage, hydrology and hydraulics, and physical and numerical modeling. Dan recently led Schaaf & Wheeler teams that produced storm drain master plans for the cities of Cupertino, Palo Alto, and Mountain View. Many of these storm drain master plans included evaluation of the impacts of sea-level-rise (SRL) and climate change on storm drainage and flood protection systems. Models were used to analyze both the 2050 and 2100 scenarios. Dan Schaaf has also performed several FEMA flood insurance studies throughout California. He has extensive experience with several one- and two-dimensional numerical modeling software programs and, more importantly, understands the capabilities and limitations of these tools. Dan’s former position at the Bay Model Hydraulic Laboratory has QUALIFICATIONS HIGHLIGHTS provided him a unique understanding of the hydraulics of San . Conducted several storm drainage master Francisco Bay. He utilizes this valuable experience to efficiently plans in California expedite project processes and complete projects within schedule. . Evaluated impacts of SLR on storm drainage and flood protection systems Dan will provide project management and act as the team’s . Familiarity with hydraulics of San technical lead. He will supervise staff and assure the master Francisco Bay plan meets City expectations. Dan will be the point of contact for contractual issues, billing and technical issues for the entire duration of the project. He will work with the project engineers to maintain the project schedule and budget and assume ultimate responsibility for the quality of all work. Dan will make sure issues are resolved effectively and to allocate resources to critical tasks. He will work with the City staff to make sure contractual and procedural issues are exposed and resolved. He will attend meetings with City personnel. Other Key Personnel Charles Anderson, P.E. – Principal-in-Charge/Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QA/QC) Charles Anderson, P.E., an owner and president of Schaaf & Wheeler, has over 25 years of experience in hydrology and QUALIFICATIONS HIGHLIGHTS hydraulics, floodplain evaluation, flood insurance studies, storm  Performed hydraulic analysis and water management, and flood protection solutions. He has recertification of levees in accordance with engineered several bayfront protections, designed storm drain FEMA mapping standards pump stations and authored drainage master plans. He has  Completed numerous FIS and LOMRs for interacted often with FEMA, having completed numerous flood FEMA insurance studies (FIS) and letters of map revision (LOMRs) on behalf of public and private clients. He provided project management services for the hydraulic analysis of Novato Creek for the Marin County Flood Control restoration project at Deer Island. Chuck is the lead engineer on the Foster City Bayfront Levee design project and is working to provide FEMA level flood protection, interior drainage and climate change resiliency. He has also provided QA/QC oversite on numerous drainage master plans. Chuck will provide independent QA/QC reviews throughout the project and advise the team as necessary.

November 5, 2018 6 Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Emily D. Straley, PE - Project Engineer Emily Straley, a Senior Engineer at Schaaf and Wheeler, has over 11 years of experience in hydrology, hydraulics, drainage studies, and water related improvement projects, and 8 years of experience working with different modeling software. Her engineering capabilities in storm water master planning, system design, pump station design, and modeling are outstanding. Emily has worked on numerous storm drain master plan studies while at Schaaf & Wheeler. Her practical engineering skills have helped in creating master plan CIPs that easily transition to design and construction. Emily will be the lead engineer for this master plan. She will lead all data collection, modeling, CIP development and report development efforts. She will be our day-to-day technical contact for the City. Cassandra L. Fagan, PE – Modeler/Project Associate Cassandra Fagan, an Associate Engineer at Schaaf and Wheeler, has nearly 4 years of experience in hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of drainage and flood control systems. Her modeling skills have led to time and cost-effective solutions for clients. Cassandra has a thorough understanding of pipe networks, pump stations, outfalls, and street flows and recently developed the 1-D and 2-D models for the San Francisquito and Berryessa Creek watersheds for the Santa Clara Valley Water District. She is assisting with the storm drain master plan for Mill Valley. Cassandra will build hydrologic and hydraulic model parameters for existing and improved conditions. She will develop improvement projects and alternatives, create cost estimates and work with the City to prioritize CIPs. Brandon Nyo – GIS Analyst Brandon Nyo, a GIS Analyst at Schaaf and Wheeler, is new to our firm but has practical experience with water utility GIS. He has assisted in creation of stormwater geodatabases, mapping of trash capture plans, and has created numerous figures of flood inundation. Brandon is well versed in GIS tools, programing languages and data collection techniques. Brandon will be responsible for GIS data collection, organization and quality reviews. He will assist in the develop maps and figures of existing and improved system conditions for meetings and reports. The table on the next page presents our entire team’s qualifications, role, responsibility and availability.

November 5, 2018 7 Schaaf & Wheeler CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS

Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Schaaf & Wheeler Team Qualifications Years Name/Role Certification and Education Responsibility Availability of Exp. Daniel J. Schaaf, 25+ Registered Civil Engineer, Overall project 40% PE California C57617 management - Project Manager MSCE (Water Resources Contract Negotiation Modeling and CIP Engineering), San Jose State University Development BSCE, San Jose State University Technical Supervision and Guidance Charles D. 30+ Registered Civil Engineer Quality Assurance and 25% Anderson, PE California C43776 Quality Control - Principal-in- Hawaii 15647 Technical Peer Review Charge Nevada 11518 Washington 39715 MSCE (Water Resources Engineering), Stanford University BCE, Georgia Institute of Technology Emily D. Straley, 12+ Registered Civil Engineer Storm Drain Modeling and 50% PE California C75282 Master Planning - Project Engineer Evaluation, Assessment, BSCE, University of Utah, Salt Lake Investigation and City Recommendations CIP Development Cost Estimates Cassandra L. 4+ Registered Civil Engineer, California Data Collection and 50% Fagan, PE 89300 modeling - Modeler MS, Environmental and Water Project Alternatives Cost Estimates Resources Engineering, University of Texas at Austin BS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Brandon M. Nyo 2+ Bachelors of Arts in Environmental GIS Data Collection and 50% - GIS Analyst Studies, University of California Review Cartography - ESRI Maps and Figures

Detailed resumes of our entire team are attached at the end of the document.

The chart on the next page presents our team’s organization chart

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Organization Chart

Daniel J. Schaaf, PE Project Manager Charles D. Anderson, PE Principal-in-Charge QA/QC Emily D. Straley, PE Project Engineer Cassandra L. Fagan, PE Modeler/Associate Engineering Brandon M. Nyo GIS Analyst

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5. Relevant Experience

City of Cupertino Storm Drain Master Plan, 2017 – 2018 Project Owner: City of Cupertino Contact: Chad Mosley, PE - City Engineer 10300 Torre Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014 Ph: 408-777-7604 [email protected] Contract Value: $137,500 Team Members: Daniel J. Schaaf, PE The City of Cupertino completed a Storm Drain Master Plan (SDMP) in 1993. While the master plan provided valuable information on the City’s system performance and improvement needs, it does not incorporate various land development and planning projects completed since. The City’s storm drainage system consists of storm drain pipes with outfalls to creeks. In some instances the creeks are routed through underground culverts. The majority of the City’s system has capacity for smaller storms; however, portions of the system lack the capacity necessary to meet the 10-year design standard. Schaaf & Wheeler was hired by the City of Cupertino to update its storm drain master plan. The basic objective of this storm drain master plan document is to provide an examination of the drainage risks within the City limits and recommend actions necessary to accomplish appropriate levels-of-service for the storm drain system owned by the City, so as to appropriately manage risks. The identified storm drain system improvement projects are intended to provide 10-year (10% annual exceedance) storm conveyance throughout the City. Several tasks have been undertaken and completed as part of this study:

 Update of the City’s storm drain GIS data  Collection of field data to build an existing conditions model of the storm drainage network  Development of numeric models using Santa Clara County hydrologic methods  Assessment of the performance of existing storm drainage systems  Identification and prioritization of capital improvements for risk reduction and cost benefit  Establishment of a prioritized Capital Improvement Program (CIP) for storm drainage  Estimation of project costs for the prioritized CIP Identification of funding strategies  Recommending strategies for funding the CIP

This master plan will function as a multipurpose storm drain system resource guide for the City’s staff and residents. City engineers responsible for the storm drain capital improvements should find sufficient background information and data in this document to serve as the basis for storm drainage Capital Improvement Program (CIP) implementation and/or modification. Improvement descriptions, maps, project costs, and other modeling data are included in this report.

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

City of Alameda Storm Drain Master Plan and Sea Level Rise Study, 2007 – 2008, 2010, 2015 Project Owner: City of Alameda, Public Works Department Contact: Liam Garland, Acting Public Works Director 950 West Mall Square, Room 110, Alameda, CA 94501 Ph: 510-747-7930 [email protected] Contract Value: $246,800 Team Members: Daniel J. Schaaf, PE; Charles D. Anderson, PE; Emily D. Straley, PE Schaaf & Wheeler completed the City of Alameda’s first comprehensive GIS-based storm drain master planning effort. The models developed for this project were subsequently used to analyze the impacts of sea level rise on the system. The Alameda storm system drains eight square miles on two islands and contains 177 miles of closed conduit pipes. The complex system depends on 104 outfalls to the San Francisco Bay, two large interior lagoons and eight pump stations, and is highly influenced by tidal actions. The topography is generally flat and portions of the community are not served by the underground storm drain network. Data Collection - Team members gathered the City’s AutoCAD format storm drain information and converted it to an ArcView-based geographic information system (GIS) for analysis. An aerial consultant flew the island using LiDAR technology to obtain consistent City-wide topography. After checking vertical datums, team members filled in missing data using record information and a significant number of supplemental surveys. They created an updated AutoCAD storm drain block book with the dataset. Modeling - The City selected DHI’s MIKE-URBAN modeling software because it includes the Alameda County Hydrology Methodology. Schaaf & Wheeler engineers developed several numerical models utilizing this software. They developed tidal boundary conditions based on tidal statistics and coincident storm probabilities. They adjusted the US Army Corps of Engineers’ 19-year mean diurnal tidal pattern to match local statistics and used this in the model. Team members developed models for the 10-year and 25-year storm frequencies to determine the severity of potential flooding within the city. Utilizing the models with expansions, they developed improvements for the underserved portions of the City. In many cases, they developed alternative improvements based on pump station capacity constraints and other utility conflicts. They analyzed potential for adding additional system outfalls and weighed the benefits of these against increasing pump capacity. Capital Improvement Program - Team members formulated a prioritized Capital Improvement Program (CIP) based on model results and City concerns. They used unitized costs for pipeline replacement and adjusted these to match City standards. They developed pump station and outfall improvements based on field inspections and capacity analyses from the models. They evaluated the level of backup power required for each pump station and included this information in the CIP. As part of this master planning project, Schaaf & Wheeler evaluated and modeled the City’s eight storm drain pump stations. These stations vary in capacity from 3 cfs to 160 cfs. Team members inspected each pump station in tandem with the City’s operations and maintenance (O&M) crew, and prepared a report for inclusion in the master plan that summarized each station’s deficiencies and cost to upgrade. Sea-Level Rise Assessment - Alameda is an island city that is very susceptible to tidal flooding. The City’s current storm system is not designed to handle future sea level rise (SLR). Utilizing the models developed for the storm drain master plan, Schaaf & Wheeler team members analyzed how the system would perform under both 18-inch and 55-inch SRL scenarios, and then created a CIP of improvements needed to combat the SRL. The team’s findings were presented at the 2010 Floodplain Management Association Conference in San José.

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City of Alameda 55-inch Sea-Level-Rise Study, 2013 - 2014 Project Owner: City of Alameda, Public Works Department Contract Value: $79,800 Team Members: Daniel J. Schaaf, PE; Emily D. Straley, PE Schaaf & Wheeler developed a Capital Improvement Program (CIP) to mitigate the projected 55-inches of Sea-Level-Rise (SLR). Improvements have been split into two types: overland improvements required to prevent tidal inundation, such as levees and sea walls; and storm drain network improvements required to maintain system capacity, such as pipe upsizing and new pump stations The City of Alameda’s ground elevations are high enough to prevent the need for levees or floodwalls with current mean sea level. SLR projections indicate coastline flood protection will be required to prevent overland inundation during high tides. Three basic alternatives are described in this study: earthen levees, lightweight fill levees, and floodwalls. It is also recommended that as much work as possible be conducted on the landward side of the existing roadways and bike paths to limit shoreline disturbance. This approach will not eliminate the need for regulatory approval, but may reduce permitting delays and compensatory mitigation requirements. Schaaf & Wheeler has developed improvement projects recommended to help the City maintain flood protection from coastal flooding resulting from SLR. These improvements identify the optimal locations for seawalls and levees, although some locations and/or type of selected improvement may be revised in the future as more data becomes available and more is known about the desires of impacted property owners. Northside Storm Water Pump Station Upgrades, 2010 Project Owner: City of Alameda, Public Works Department Contract Value: $98,000 Team Members: Benjamin L. Shick; Peder C. Jorgensen, PE; Daniel J. Schaaf, PE; Charles D. Anderson, PE; Emily D. Straley, PE The Northside (Marina Village) pump station is located at the northern end of the Northside sub-area, just southeast of the Webster Street pump station. The station was constructed in 1984. The pump station consisted of three pumps controlled by simple pump level controls (bubblers). The pumps are run by electric motors with no backup power supply. Schaaf & Wheeler prepared construction documents for the mechanical, structural, and electrical upgrades at the Pump Station. Working with subconsultants Terada Engineering and Finn Design Group, team member’s design included a new motor control center for three existing 75 HP pumps, a 230 KW standby diesel engine-generator with remote fuel tank, and associated electrical installation for safety and code compliance. Structural improvements included a new 13’-8” by 18’-4” CMU building with removable steel roof constructed on top of the existing wetwell to house the electrical equipment. This was a priority for the City because a large storm had previously flooded the below ground vault which in turn caused the electrical system to shut down.

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Mill Valley Flood Control and Storm Drain Master Plan, 2017 - 2018 Project Owner: City of Mill Valley, Public Works Department Contact: Elisa Sarlatte, PE - Engineering Manager Public Works City of Mill Valley 26 Corte Madera Avenue, Mill Valley, CA 94941 Ph: 415-384-4800 [email protected] Contract Value: $415,000 Team Members: Daniel J. Schaaf, PE; Robin J. Lee, PE; Emily D. Straley, PE; Caitlin J. Gilmore, PE The watersheds within Mill Valley are a combination of steep, highly vegetated lands in the upper reaches that flatten out quickly and outlet to Richardson Bay - an extension of San Francisco Bay. The runoff is conveyed by natural gullies and creek channels; however, urbanization has modified this natural process. Many of the natural channels have been constrained by road crossings (culverts) and encroachment of the floodplain. The urbanized portions of Mill Valley rely on pipes, ditches and pumps to drain roads and parcels. The natural channels and drainage networks work in concert during storm events to convey runoff to Richardson Bay. Schaaf & Wheeler is providing the City of Mill Valley with a plan that deals with flood control provided by the creek network and pipe system that is comprehensive and implementable with streamlined analyses and prioritized improvements. Modeling - Schaaf & Wheeler is developing an integrated hydraulic model of the City’s storm drainage pipe network which will include overland (2D) flow systems for both the 10-year and 100-year events. MIKE URBAN is being used to model storm drain network within the City of Mill Valley. The hydraulic models identify the depth and duration of potential flooding during the 10-year and 100-year events and clearly identify system components that do not meet the level of service. Climate Change - Potential impacts of climate change on future tide levels are evaluated to develop higher boundary conditions for the pipe and creek drainage networks. Capital Improvements Plan - CIP projects will address system deficiencies identified with the models, in addition, Schaaf & Wheeler is identifying other projects not addressed through modeling, including: extension of a storm drainage network into underserved areas, improving existing siphons/cross drains, eliminating dry wells through extension of the storm drain network, and consolidating pump stations. Public Engagement – Schaaf & Wheeler will serve as the technical lead on a public advisory committee to convey information and receive public feedback on what types of improvements are acceptable to the citizens. Project Prioritization - The prioritization of the capital improvement projects is based on a combination of project costs and benefits, flooding potential and feedback from the advisory committee. Funding Strategy – Schaaf & Wheeler will work with a financial consultant to ensure that a proper funding mechanism is in place to cover the costs of prioritized improvement projects. Environmental Impact – Schaaf & Wheeler will work with an environmental firm to determine what types of permits and mitigation might be required for the proposed capital improvement projects.

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

6. Project Understanding and Proposed Approach Project Understanding Schaaf & Wheeler’s understanding of this project is that the City of Larkspur wishes to master plan its storm drainage system to determine necessary capital projects to provide protection to its citizens and businesses. Much of Larkspur is low lying and subject to tidal and riverine effects; therefore, portions of the City are dependent on pump stations to provide drainage protection. This study needs to determine if the existing infrastructure meets the City’s 25-year level-of-service criteria. Portions of the system with lower conveyance ability need to be identified and improvements sized. Larkspur also wishes to address pipeline, pump station and channel condition related issues throughout the City. Capital projects, along with alternatives, need to be identified and costed to help the City plan and fund near term and future drainage improvements. Key Constraints This master plan will provide the City a macro-scale view of the drainage system. Typically the largest constraints on drainage master plans are related to data quality. Having a system GIS with every pipe, manhole, inlet and outfall properly identified and attributed correctly is nearly impossible and not strictly necessary to achieve the master plan goals. Schaaf & Wheeler will start with the existing City GIS and supplement it with field data collection and interviews with City staff. This approach has proven highly effective on past studies. Another constraint for this project is the limited budget. Typically storm drain master plans have higher budgets that allow for more detailed engineering analysis. Schaaf & Wheeler will work with the City to optimize the project budget to ensure an effective master plan is developed. Done correctly, our work can segue into engineering design, climate change studies, and funding opportunities. Approach The following scope of services is based on the Request for Proposal (RFP), discussions with City staff and Schaaf & Wheeler’s knowledge of the City’s expectations. It should be noted that this scope of work is a starting point. If selected, Schaaf & Wheeler will work with the City to tailor it to priorities and budgets. Task 1 - System Inventory and Data Collection Schaaf & Wheeler will work with the City to collect readily available drainage system data, review it and determine the level of additional data collection necessary to complete this study. The data requirements of a master plan are unique and do not necessarily need to be survey-level accurate. Schaaf & Wheeler recommends the scope of this task is re-visited after reviewing the current status of the available GIS data. At the time of writing this scope of work, Schaaf & Wheeler has only the County (MarinMap) data. Task 1.1 Collect Existing Storm Drain System Information Schaaf & Wheeler will review readily available mapping, hydrology reports, GIS and AutoCAD files and other information related to the City’s drainage system. As most hydraulic models work within the ArcMap GIS environment and require ESRI compatible data, Schaaf & Wheeler will build a geodatabase of the City’s drainage infrastructure. Land use and zoning data should also be collected from the City’s Planning Department. Mapping of vacant parcels, known developments and other land use changes that could impact runoff characteristics may be collected and reviewed. Meeting with both engineering and maintenance staff to discuss known issues, historic events, past capital projects and drainage system concerns will provide critical information that may not be captured in maps or reports. If possible, a tour of the system should be arranged. Task 1.2 Site Investigation Based on the data and information collected in the previous task, Schaaf & Wheeler will develop an action plan to collect necessary system information to complete this master plan. Field investigations will be conducted to verify locations of pipes and other structures, determine condition, measure scour and sedimentation, and add additional components not included in existing mapping. Staff will also assess the

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open channels in Larkspur to identify any significant issues. It is estimated that staff will spend up to two (2) days in the field. All accessible storm drain outfalls will be observed and documented. Schaaf & Wheeler engineers will visit areas of known severe and/or perpetual drainage problems. These are areas that will likely have high priority projects and should be given a higher level of analysis. Detailed survey is not included under this task as it is generally not necessary for master planning. Task 1.3 Pump Station Assessments The City is highly dependent on pumping to provide drainage protection; therefore Schaaf & Wheeler will spend a significant amount of time understanding the performance and operations of the five (5) existing pump stations and reviewing the proposed station adjacent to the new Bon Air Bridge project. Our team will review and collect pump station data including: pump capacity curves, pump operating levels, outfall elevations of discharge structures, wetwell and basin storage volume curves, and length and elevation of control weirs. The team will meet with City O&M staff to visit each pump station to confirm current operations and update performance and condition-related information. Controller data, such as SCADA, may be helpful in developing performance curves for each station. Schaaf & Wheeler has discovered that manufacture’s curves rarely mimic facility performance. A full condition assessment (including CCTV) of the pipes could be done as an optional task. Task 1.4 Condition Assessment Schaaf & Wheeler will review any readily available CCTV data and condition related data gathered during field recognizance. Typically condition assessments assign the NASCO ratings to facilities. These ratings will categorize any system components in critical condition and in need of replacement. Condition related improvement projects will be incorporated into the overall CIP in Task 3. Task 1.5 Land Use Information Land use is a key variable in urban hydrology. During large storm events rainfall typically infiltrates or runs off into a collection system with small amounts ponding on the surface. Impervious surfaces within the watershed are the greatest source of runoff as they do not allow for infiltration. Approximating the amount of impervious area in each watershed and catchment area is a critical step in this project and will be given a great deal of effort. Schaaf & Wheeler will review available zoning and land use mapping and discuss land uses and development plans with the City’s Planning Department. Low impact development (LID) BMPs will also be reviewed and considered in the hydrologic analysis. A sampling of parcels of various sizes for each land use type will be delineated to determine an accurate imperviousness. Averages of the sampling by land use type will be compared to neighboring communities and published values for validation. A summary of the land uses and associated percent imperviousness will be submitted to the City for review. Task 2 - Develop Hydraulic Model A software based numerical model is the crux of this master plan. There are numerous approaches to modeling urban drainage systems and Schaaf & Wheeler will work with The City of Larkspur to develop the methodologies and tools to meet the master plan goals. A numerical model will be developed to assess the potential impacts of storms, tides, sea level rise, watershed improvements, and other physical impacts on the City’s drainage system. The RFP indicates the City wished to analyze the 25-year event. Schaaf & Wheeler will discuss this level-of- service after the existing conditions modeling is complete. We have conducted master plans where the desired level-of-service was adjusted in order to achieve a fundable CIP program. Task 2.1 Select Hydraulic Modeling Software Developing a comprehensive and realistic analytical model of the City’s storm drainage system is required to quantify the performance of the existing system and identify portions of the system with capacity constraints. Schaaf & Wheeler will work closely with the City to select appropriate software to complete development of a hydrologic and hydraulic model.

While a model that is compatible with appropriate methodologies is necessary, other factors may carry a heavier weight in making a final decision. Factors such as GIS-compatibility, modeling of street conveyance

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and storage, ease of training and use, and cost may be considered in the selection process. We are accustomed to working with numerous modeling programs, and have developed a matrix that assists our clients make more informed software decisions. We have relationships with nearly all software vendors and can arrange for a demonstration of software options if requested by the City. It is important to remember that good engineering is required no matter what software is selected.

R a tio n a l S C S U n it S tre e t W a te r 2 D L o n g T e rm E a s e o f E d itin g M o d e l GIS CAD M e th o d H yd ro g ra p h F lo w C h a n n e ls P u m p s S e d im e n t Q u a lity C o u p lin g FEMA Simulations U s e T o o ls S c o re Mike-Urban (MOUSE) 1 .0 0 .0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 0 .9 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 0 .8 0 .8 3 7 .0

X P S T O R M 0 .6 0 .5 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 0 .9 0 .7 1 .0 0 .9 0 .2 1 .0 0 .7 0 .7 3 3 .6 Mike-Urban (SW MM) 1 .0 0 .0 0 .5 0 .3 1 .0 1 .0 0 .9 0 .9 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 0 .8 0 .8 3 3 .4 In fo W o rk s 0 .5 0 .5 1 .0 0 .9 1 .0 1 .0 SAMPLE0 .9 0 .5 1 .0 1 .0 0 .5 1 .0 0 .7 0 .5 3 2 .8

S e w e rG E M s 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 0 .9 1 .0 1Sampl .0 0 .9 0 .0 1 .0 0 .0 0 .2 1 .0 0 .8 0 .8 3 2 .4 In fo S W M M 1 .0 0 .0 1 .0 0 .3 1 .0 1 .0 0 .9 1 .0 1 .0 0 .9 0 .8 1 .0 0 .7 0 .5 3 2 .0 X P S W M M 0 .6 0 .5 1 .0 0 .3 1 .0 1 .0 0 .9 0 .8 1 .0 0 .9 0 .8 1 .0 0 .8 0 .7 3 1 .7 S W M M 5 0 .0 0 .0 0 .5 0 .3 1 .0 1 .0 0 .9 0 .2 1 .0 0 .0 0 .8 1 .0 0 .5 0 .4 2 1 .2 HYDRA 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 0 .3 1 .0 0e .0 0 .3 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .2 0 .5 0 .4 0 .5 1 9 .0 TaskW eighting 2 .2Factor Watershed5 2 Hydrology1 Analysis5 4 4 3 1 1 4 2 3 3 3

Watershed hydrology is one of the more critical elements of this master planning effort. The greatest uncertainty in stormwater modeling is the estimation of flow rates. To minimize the uncertainty in urban hydrology it is critical to utilize an appropriate hydrologic methodology. The key data elements that comprise watershed hydrology are rainfall, land use, soil characteristics and topography. Each of these physical parameters will be measured using available data. NRCS soils maps will provide infiltration rates throughout the watershed, City planning maps will guide land uses, County LiDAR topography and field reconnaissance will help delineate catchment areas, and design storms will be based on Schaaf & Wheeler’s recent work in Marin County. Schaaf & Wheeler will determine if the methodology used on other projects in Marin County is valid in Larkspur. It is critical that the hydrologic mythology used for this study be calibrated to historic gage statistics. This is typically achieved by applying the method to several gaged watersheds with long periods of record. Because there are only a few gages in Marin County, our method utilizes gages in Napa, Yolo and Contra Costa Counties. Our current design storm is based on the New Year’s 2005/2006 storm and balanced to NOAA Atlas 14 statistics. Task 2.3 Model Development Schaaf & Wheeler will develop a storm drain network model using the software selected under Task 2.1 and applying the data collected and created under Task 1. Storm drain pipes smaller than 15 inches have minimal conveyance capacity; therefore, Schaaf & Wheeler recommends only modeling pipes with diameters 15 inches and larger unless they connect directly to a pump station or creek outfall. Interior channels and ditches will be modeled using typical sections and available topography. Outfalls to larger creeks will likely be modeled as boundary conditions with static water levels under this task; however, they can also be coupled with the modeled creek water levels developed by MCFCWCD. It should be noted that Larkspur’s storm drain network connects to neighboring communities at various locations. Schaaf & Wheeler may include portions of these systems to accurately determine the capacity of the systems and their impacts on the Larkspur drainage network. GIS Integration. The GIS database developed under Task 1 will serve as the data platform for modeling and will be updated with the field data collected to address data gaps. Most storm drain models support the use of GIS data; however, some are more integrated than others. The updated City drainage network (pipes, manholes, catch basins, etc.) will be imported into the drainage network model and reviewed for connectivity. Existing Conditions Model. Schaaf & Wheeler will develop an existing conditions model of the drainage network utilizing the 25-year event. The conveyance deficiencies identified under this task will guide the team in developing improvement projects. This model will be used to isolate and fix modeling issues related to

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stability, data limitations, and boundary conditions. System components with less than the 25-year level-of- service will be noted and results will be shared with the City for review and comment. Schaaf & Wheeler and the City should discuss any anomalies in the model results such as flooding occurring in places which historically function properly or lack of model flooding in locations normally having drainage issues. If desired, the models can be run in a 2-dimensional regime; however, typically system constraints are 1- dimensional in nature. Model QAQC. A QA/QC review of the hydraulic model will be performed to ensure consistency with established methodologies and identify any areas in need of correction or refinement. Models will also be review by a senior modeler for accuracy and stability. A final existing conditions model will be completed that incorporated all City feedback and QA/QC comments. Final Model. Schaaf & Wheeler will finalize the model of the existing drainage network under the finalized design conditions. Updated model results will be presented to the City for review in map format and tables along with user friendly computer files that can show temporal variation in water levels throughout the system. The maps and tables will identify system deficiencies under existing and future flow conditions. Though not covered under this scope of services, sea-level-rise and climate change precipitation can be applied to the existing system model as well as future land use to determine the potential impact. The reason for performing future conditions analyses is that they show a clear nexus of the impact on the drainage system.

Sample Rainfall Runoff Model

Task 3 - Develop Capacity Capital Improvement Projects While well-developed computer models are a powerful tool in simulating complex physical events, the most important aspect of a master plan is interpreting the results of the model to formulate an efficient improvement strategy. Schaaf & Wheeler will develop an improvement program that functions effectively with how the City operates. Task 3.1 Develop Capacity Projects After the City of Larkspur has reviewed the existing conditions model results developed in Task 2, Schaaf & Wheeler will begin developing capacity related capital improvement projects necessary for meeting the desired level of service. Improvements may include: pipe upsizing, pump station improvements, system realignments, maintenance activities and new system components. These projects will be added to the model to confirm they work holistically to provide mitigate flooding. Maps showing draft improvement projects will be submitted to the City for review.

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Task 3.2 Develop and Evaluate Relief Project Alternatives The City’s feedback on the solutions developed under Task 3.1 and subsequent conversations will guide Schaaf & Wheeler in developing alternatives for high priority improvement projects. These alternatives may include phasing for future land use and climate adaptation. Some alternatives may be further analyzed to include land acquisition, utility conflicts, and operations and maintenance requirements. Capacity alternatives may include diversions, pump stations, or parallel lines. Constructability, permitting, easement, operation and maintenance, and public impacts will be considered during development of the higher priority improvement projects and will be discussed in the project descriptions. Trash capture, Low impact development (LID) and green infrastructure (GI) strategies will also be considered in the alternatives process in accordance with the NPDES permit to address water quality. Task 3.3 Develop Condition Related Projects Schaaf & Wheeler will utilize the condition assessment information collected under Task 1 to develop a set of capital projects to remedy these issues. Condition related projects could include pipe lining, replacement, sediment and debris removal, and other short and long term activities. Channel projects could include outfall protections, desilting, vegetation management, installing flap-gates and scour repairs. Preliminary project prioritization should be based on NASCO ratings, potential risks and correlation with capacity improvements. Task 3.4 CIP Model Schaaf & Wheeler will modify the numeric models developed under Tasks 3.2 to include all CIP projects. This model will assure the projects work together holistically and help determine priorities and phasing of improvements. If necessary, the model can be run with different storm events, tidal levels or project alternatives. Maps and tables of the CIP conditions can be prepared and shared with City staff for further review and revision. Task 4 - Develop Storm Drain System Capital Improvement Program The Capital Improvement Program (CIP) is the section of this study that will guide the City of Larkspur with future stormwater planning. Schaaf & Wheeler’s vast experience in developing these programs and working closely with the City staff will assure the CIP is comprehensive and implementable. Task 4.1 Develop Cost Criteria Schaaf & Wheeler has developed numerous cost estimates for storm drain master plans as well as for design projects going to bid. Our estimates for pipes, channels, manholes, pump stations and detention basins are developed using a combination of regional data (ENR Index), published data (RS Means Heavy Construction Cost Data), and recent projects that have gone out to bid. Bid data provides valuable insight as to what the current construction climate is like and how much a project could actually cost the City. Additional costs will also be estimated for project design, construction administration and inspection, and construction contingencies. Pipeline and manhole costs will be unitized based on pipe diameter and cover. Pump station capacity costs can also be unitized based on flow rates; however, station reliability and safety projects may need to be costed separately. This approach is adequate for master planning and provides a quick metric to compare alternatives. Schaaf & Wheeler will discuss including permitting, easement and legal costs in the master plan with the City. The recommended improvements are at a conceptual level of design which typically does not provide enough information to accurately estimate these costs. Permitting, legal, and land acquisitions costs can also change quickly and don’t necessarily follow inflation which, unlike material or administration costs, makes it infeasible to update annually using cost indices. Task 4.2 Prepare Cost Estimates Using unit costs developed in Task 4.1, Schaaf & Wheeler will prepare estimates for each of the capacity improvement projects identified in Task 3. For projects that require upsizing pipes a replacement pipe will be assumed. Condition projects costs will be based on recent construction bids for similar work. In some cases replacing the damaged system components may be more economical. The cost for every project will be compiled and summarized in tabular and spatial format. This data will be shared with the City and discussed during the review process.

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Task 4.3 Develop Project Priorities and Field Verify High Priority Prioritization requires close involvement with City staff to ensure that the highest priorities of the residents match those listed in the master plan. We recommend that prioritization be discussed at a face-to-face meeting with the option of a field visit with City staff to ensure feasibility of projects. The City’s street replacing program should also factor into the priority rankings. Task 4.4 Easement Assessment Schaaf & Wheeler will determine if any of the possible improvement projects could require additional easements or right-of-way acquisition. We will work with the City to determine locations of existing accepted drainage easements and current acquisition costs. The ability to attain easements and their costs could factor into the selection and prioritization of CIP projects. Task 4.5 Operations and Maintenance Assessment Operations and Maintenance (O&M) of drainage infrastructure can be costly. Schaaf & Wheeler will factor O&M costs into CIP projects such as pump stations, channel maintenance, sediment removal and outfall design. In some cases the long term O&M costs can make other alternatives financially more attractive. Task 4.6 Develop Phased Capital Improvement Program Schaaf & Wheeler will work with the City to develop a sequencing of capital projects that meets service needs and funding plans. Typically Schaaf & Wheeler does not commit projects to a yearly schedule; rather the projects will be sequenced based on priority, funding, and growth. The prioritization of the capital improvement projects will be based on a combination of project costs and benefits, flooding potential, replacing plans and City feedback. The hydraulic models will identify the depth and duration of potential flooding during the 25-year event. Our team will meet with the City to explain the various improvement projects, their associated costs and their benefits. Criteria to be included in a project ranking matrix will be developed in conjunction with City staff for prioritization. Our goal is to rank projects in high, moderate and low priorities. Cost often strongly influences project priority rankings. The highest priority projects will be scheduled for a short-term construction window, or a construction window the City prefers after consultation. The remaining projects will be scheduled over a long-term timeframe. The team will develop detailed project forms for the ten (10) highest ranked projects. These forms serve as a one-page summary of the project and include: current issues, project details, costs, alignment drawings and other relevant information. Task 4.7 Financial Analyses Schaaf & Wheeler will develop a financial strategies narrative to assist the City in implementing the storm drain CIP. We will summarize our recommendations for funding options the City should consider for the storm water system. This will provide an analysis of the available funding mechanisms and a description of the approval threshold and process to implement each, such as:

 Property-related fees  Development impact fees  Community Facilities District (CFD)  General Obligation Bond  Special Assessment District  Grants  Other funding sources from local, state and/or federal agencies Task 5 – Documentation and Project Management Task 5.1 Draft Master Plan Report Once the CIP projects have been developed, the project team will submit a Draft Master Plan for the City to review. This Draft Report will compile all the technical analyses into a cohesive report. Based on our current project understanding, the Storm Drain Master Plan Report will consist of the following sections: 1. Executive summary 6. CIP 2. Introduction/Background 7. Cost Estimates 3. Data Summary (Existing, Collected) 8. Funding Strategies

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4. Methodology 9. Prioritization 5. Existing System Results 10. Conclusion/Next Steps

Task 5.2 Final Master Plan Report Schaaf & Wheeler will revise the report to address the City comments on the Draft, and Submit a Final Draft, at which point the City will review for the final time. When the Final Draft comments have been implemented, Schaaf & Wheeler will submit the Final Report to the City. Task 5.3 Project Management Daniel J. Schaaf, PE will manage this project using proven in-house tools to assure a successful project and that City of Larkspur receives an effective master plan. Dan will utilize skills he has developed on numerous drainage studies and master plans to streamline the engineering process and assure a quality product is delivered to the City. Schaaf & Wheeler will work with the City to develop project administration protocols that work for both parties. Invoices and supporting documents will be conducted in a manner that works efficiently with the City’s internal systems. Correspondence should occur on a regular and routine basis. Weekly phone calls and monthly status reports are often the best approach; however, Schaaf & Wheeler staff will be available to discuss project topics as needed. Monthly invoices will be sent with a summary of activities completed and a summary of the budget spent and remaining. Any issues will be brought up in monthly memos to ensure that they are addressed early. Quality Assurance and Quality Control A good storm drain system model replicates local rainfall-runoff statistics and is representative of the actual systems modeled including topography. Numerical models must be routinely reviewed for consistency with established methodologies and data throughout the master plan process. Quality controls are programmed several times throughout the project to minimize the need to fix problems with the models or data further along in the project. Key team members from the Schaaf & Wheeler team and the City will provide critical reviews of data and methods used to model the storm systems. Staff members, with strong knowledge of the system data, will provide a thorough review of the hydrologic characteristics developed from land use and soils data. These methods utilize approximations of runoff based on land use; therefore, there is inherent uncertainty in the approximations. The team will utilize aerial imagery and GIS calculations to minimize the uncertainty in these parameters. Designated Schaaf & Wheeler senior staff will independently review portions of the master plan. They will apply their knowledge of storm drainage hydrology and hydraulics to make sure the analyses and improvements are logical and reasonable. They will also scrutinize improvements for constructability and cost. Results and recommendations from other Schaaf & Wheeler drainage studies will be utilized to compare results. Schaaf & Wheeler will reconcile the differences where studies vary. Many differences are associated with data availability and quality; in other cases, they are related to assumptions in the model boundary conditions.

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7. Project Fee and Schedule City of Larkspur Storm Drain Master Plan

Schaaf & Wheeler

Fee Proposal

November, 2018

Project Manager Associate Engineer Assistant Engineer GIS Analyst Hourly Rate $230 $185 $165 $145

Total Task 1 System Inventory and Data Collection 0 18 26 12 $ 9,580 Collect Existing Storm Drain System 1.1 2 8 $ 1,500 Information 1.2 Site Investigation 10 10 $ 3,600

1.3 Pump Station Assessments 8 8 $ 2,880

1.4 Condition Assessment 4 $ 680

1.5 Land Use Information 2 4 $ 920

Task 2 Develop Hydraulic Model 8 24 78 22 $ 22,850 2.1 Select Hydraulic Modeling Software 2 2 $ 840

2.2 Watershed Hydrology Analysis 2 6 10 $ 2,850

2.3 Model Network Development 6 20 72 12 $ 19,160 Task 3 Develop Capacity Capital Improvement Projects 8 26 68 0 $ 18,340 3.1 Develop Capacity Projects 4 12 32 $ 8,640

Develop and Evaluate Relief Project 3.2 2 8 16 $ 4,700 Alternatives 3.3 4 12 $ 2,800 Develop Condition Projects 3.4 Run Model to Confirm Projects 2 2 8 $ 2,200

Task 4 Develop Storm Drain System Capital Improvement Program 6 30 34 2 $ 13,150 4.1 Develop Cost Criteria 2 2 $ 720

4.2 Prepare Cost Estimates 2 8 $ 1,740

Develop Project Priorities and Field Verify 4.3 2 4 4 $ 1,900 High Priority 4.4 Easement Assessment 4 2 $ 1,050

4.5 2 6 $ 1,400 Operations and Maintenance Assessment Develop Phased Capital Improvement 4.6 2 8 12 $ 4,020 Program 4.7 Financial Analysis 2 8 2 $ 2,320

Task 5 Documentation and Project Management 16 28 28 16 $ 16,080 5.1 Draft SDMP Report 4 16 20 12 $ 9,100 5.2 Final SDMP Report 2 12 8 4 $ 4,680 5.3 PM and Coordination 10 $ 2,300

TOTAL COST 38 126 234 52 $ 80,000

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Schedule – City of Larkspur Storm Drain Master Plan

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Resumes Daniel J. Schaaf, P.E. – Vice President – Schaaf & Wheeler Education Daniel J. Schaaf, P.E., has more than 20 years of project BSCE, San Jose State experience encompassing the areas of flood control and drainage, University surface water hydrology, and physical and numerical modeling. Dan MSCE (Water Resources has managed several large hydrology/hydraulics, flood control and Engineering), drainage projects. He is skilled in open channel hydraulics, coastal San Jose State and estuary processes, 1D and 2D modeling, floodplain mapping University and storm drain master planning. He is currently working on implementing modeling projects that integrate pipe and surface Licenses flows using sophisticated 2D modeling software. He has performed Registered Civil several FEMA Flood Insurance Studies and Letters of Map Engineer, California Revisions for clients throughout California. He is proficient in C57617 modeling and GIS software: GeoHEC-HMS, GeoHEC-RAS, Professional TRIM3D, RMA-2, RMA-10, MIKE 11, MIKE 21, MIKE-URBAN, MOUSE, EPA SWMM, Membership Cybernet, InfoSWMM, InfoWorks, QUAL2E, EPA-Net, ArcGIS 10.0, Spatial Analyst, 3D American Society of Civil Analyst, AutoCAD Map and ArcIMS. Engineers Floodplain Management Association Relevant Projects Stormwater Planning and Design Storm Drain Master Plan and Integrated Asset Management Plan – City of El Cerrito (2017 – 2018) Citywide Flood Control and Storm Drainage Master Plan – City of Mill Valley (2017 – 2018) Stormdrain Master Plan Update – City of Cupertino (2017) Stormwater Master Plan – City of Mountain View (2016) Hermosa Beach Storm Drain Master Plan – City of Hermosa Beach (2016 – 2017) Marin City Drainage Gaging – Marin County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (2016) Stormwater Master Plan & Kehoe Ditch Hydraulic Analysis – City of Half Moon Bay (2015 - 2016) Cove Stromwater Pump Station Evaluation – County of Marin (2015-2016) Stormwater Master Plan, City of Palo Alto (2014-15) Industrial Rd. Neighborhood Drainage Study, City of San Carlos (2015) Stormwater Facility Prioritized Repair/Replacement Program - Town of Woodside (2014) Town Wide Storm Drain Master Plan – Town of Moraga (2014) Master Storm Darin Study – City of Orinda (2013 – 2014) North Bayshore Stormdrain Master Plan, Mountain View (2014) North San Jose Drainage Master Plan, San Jose (2012) Stormwater Master Plan - City of Los Altos (2010) Stormwater Master Plan - County of Santa Cruz (2009-2010) Northside Pump Station Design and Storm Drain Master Plan & Sea Level Rise Study - Alameda City (2008 - 2010) Storm Drain Master Plan - City of Paso Robles (2007) Storm Drain Master Plan - City of San Mateo (2004) El Charro Specific Plan Channel Design (2005-2010) Stormdrain Master Plan and Update – City of Livermore (2003) Floodplain Management Dam Inundation Mapping of Six Facilities, Alameda County Water District (2018 – 2019) Laurel Creek Dam Inundation Mapping – City of San Mateo (2018) Dam Break Analyses Inundation Mapping - Little Grass, Sly Creek, Lost Creek Dams - SFWA (2015-17) Bear Gulch Reservoir EAP and Inundation Mapping – California Water Service (2017) Bear Gulch Station 46 Tank Failure Inundation Study – California Water Resource Company (2015) Napa River LOMR in Oakville – Napa County Public Works (2016) Emergency Flood Control Strategy – Livermore (2015) Bale Slough, St. Helena CLOMR – Private Land Owner (2015) Airport Flood Protection Planning – City of Livermore (2015) Silicon Valley BART Extension Floodplain Study - Valley Transit Athority (2012) San Tomas Aquino Flood Study - Santa Clara Valley Water District (2012) Salt Creek Floodplain Analysis - Private Owner, Redding (2012) Arroyo Las Positas & Arroyo Mocho CLOMR-Livermore (2011)

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Daniel J. Schaaf, P.E. – Vice President – Schaaf & Wheeler Flood Analysis and Bayfront Levee Wave Analysis-City of San Mateo (2010) S. California Wildfire Post Fire Flood Study - FEMA (2003 & 2007) Phelps Creek LOMR - UC Sanata Barbara (2009) Soscol Gateway Drainage Study - City of Napa (2005) Hooke Creek FIS - San Bernardino County/ FEMA (2005) Mint Canyon FIS - Los Angeles County/FEMA (2008) Hydrology and Hydraulics Saratoga Creek Bike Path Hydraulics-Mark Thomas & Associates (2016) Woodside Water Tank Failure Analysis-California Water Service Company (2015) Sea Level Rise Study – City of Alameda (2015) San Francisco Airport Sea Level Rise Study – Moffatt & Nichol (2014) Hydrologic & Hydraulic Model for Zone 7 Watershed-Zone 7 Water Agency (2014) Greenwood Rd. Culvert Replacement Hydrology & Oakville Bridge Replacement No-Rise Study – Napa County (2014) San Carlos Industrial Road Drainage Study – City of San Carlos (2013 – 2014) Review of Hydraulic Model for Lower Carmel River – Carmel Area Wastewater District (2013 – 2014) City of Sebastopol Northeast Area Specific Plan EIR – Placeworks (2005 – 2008) Isabel Interchange, Livermore, Storm Drain Alignments – Mark Thomas & Assoc.(2006) Pajaro River Breaching Alternatives- Santa Cruz County (2006-2007) El Charro Specific Plan Hydrology Study-Livermore (2005-2009) Napa Sonoma Salt Marsh Restoration - US Army Corps of Engineers (1999) Highway 46/101 Drainage Study - City of Paso Robles (2008-2009)

Charles D. Anderson, P.E., President – Schaaf & Wheeler Education Charles D. Anderson, P.E. has 30+ years of experience in the areas BCE, Georgia Institute of flood control and drainage, water supply and distribution, of Technology, 1985 wastewater collection and pumping, surface water hydrology and MSCE (Water groundwater. As a project manager he is involved in all phases of Resources project management and implementation from project feasibility to Engineering), Stanford construction document preparation and construction support for a wide University, California, range of public and private clients. He has completed numerous flood 1986 insurance studies (FIS) and letters of map revision (LOMRs) for FEMA. Chuck’s projects generally have multidisciplinary teams that help policy Licenses makers to arrive at reliable decisions that protect communities from Registered Civil flood risk and the threat of climate change, most particularly sea level Engineer rise. His San Mateo Bayfront Levee Improvement project has won several state and regional California C43776 awards. Chuck has demonstrated expertise in watershed and stochastic hydrology, open Hawaii 15647 channel hydraulics, closed conduit hydraulics, pump station design, and storm drainage as Nevada 11518 well. His background also includes pipeline design, storage tank design, pump station Washington 39715 design, hydraulic network modeling, wastewater collection includes septic systems, sanitary Affiliations sewer design, pump station design, sanitary sewer modeling, and master planning. FMA, ASCE Relevant Projects Stormwater System Planning and Design Diridon Station Area Infrastructure Analysis – HMH Engineers (2016) Warren Avenue Storm Drain Assessment – City of San Mateo (2016) Storm Drain Master Plans - Half Moon Bay (2017), Santa Clara (2015), Milpitas (2012), Alameda (2008), Livermore (2006), and San Mateo (2004) Laguna Area Storm Drain Analysis - City of Burlingame (2012) Esplanade Storm Drain Outfall Replacement - Cotton Shires/City of Pacifica (2010) Storm Drain Infrastructure PM and E. Laurel Creek Culvert Repair and Erosion Control - City of Belmont (2006) Greenwood Avenue and Barroihlet Avenue Storm Drain Improvements - City of San Mateo (2006) Soscol Area Residual Drainage Master Plan - City of Napa (2005) Interior Drainage Analysis/LOMR for Lower Guadalupe River Project - CH2M-Hill and SCVWD (2005) Stormwater Pump Stations Chrysler Drive Pump Station Rehabilitation (230 cfs) – City of Menlo Park (2017) Coyote Point and Poplar Avenue Pump Station Rehabilitation (250 cfs each) - City of San Mateo (2017)

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Charles D. Anderson, P.E., President – Schaaf & Wheeler Matadero Creek Storm Water Pump Station (390 cfs) - City of Palo Alto (2017) PLC Programming Upgrades to 11 Stormwater Handling Sites – City of Palo Alto (2015 – 2017) Design of Gippetti Pump Stations, Stormwater and Sewer Pump Stations – RJA & Assoc. (2015-2016) City of Sunnyvale WPCP Master Plan and Primary Treatment Design – HDR, Inc. (2015) Northside Pump Station Upgrades (180 cfs) - City of Alameda (2010) San Francisquito Creek Storm Water Pump Station (300 cfs) - City of Palo Alto (2009) Baylands Storm Water Pump Station No. 1 - City of Sunnyvale (2006) Railroad Avenue OC Pumping Plant for Route 4 in Pittsburg - Mark Thomas & Company/Caltrans (2003) Freedom Circle Stormwater Pump Station (70 cfs) - City of Santa Clara (2003) Nelo-Victor Stormwater Pump Station Rehabilitation (200 cfs) - City of Santa Clara (2003) Rambo Pump Station (150 cfs) - City of Santa Clara (2000) Floodplain Management and Infrastructure West Channel Enhancement – Google, Inc. (2018-2019) San Francisquito-Adobe Creek Flood Study - Wood Rogers/ SCVWD (2016 – 2017) Deer Island Flood Detention Basin – Marin County (2016-2017) Drainage Review of Emergency Stabilization for Bear Gulch Road – Foundation Technologies, Inc. (2017) Foster City Levee Improvments - City of Foster City (2016 – 2020) Climate Change Impact Analyses - Alameda, Foster City, Menlo Park, Newark, San Jose, San Mateo (ongoing) Berryessa/Penitencia Watershed Flood Study - Wood Rogers/SCVWD (2016) Palo Alto Flood Basin Sea Level Rise Impact Study - SCVWD (2016) Lower Penitencia Creek Improvements - Wood Rogers/SCVWD (2016) Annual Levee Inspection - City of San Mateo (2016) Colma Creek Floodplain Analaysis – City of South San Francisco (2016) Guadalupe River Bridge Hydraulics at Railyard Place - Biggs Cardosa Associates (2016) Upper Llagas Creek Flood Protection Project - RMC Water & Environment/SCVWD (2016) Permanente Creek Flood Protection Project - Hatch Mott MacDonald/SCVWD (2016) Storm Water Detention Basins at Truckee River Floodwall - Reno-Sparks Indian Colony (2016) San Francisquito Creek Hydrology Study Peer Review – SCVWD (2015) Christopher Ranch Flood Study (2015) Bayfront Canal Redwood City Flooding Issues – Stanford Real Estate (2015) Old Mountain View Alviso Rd. Bridge Replacment Hydraulic Study - Biggs Cardosa Associates (2015) Highway 101 Pedestrial/Bicycle Overcrossing at Adobe Creek – Biggs Cardosa Associates (2015) Wrigley-Ford Creek Long Term Monitoring – HT Harvey & Associates (2015) North Gilroy Neighborhood District Urban Services Area Amendment – EMC Planning Group (2014-2015) Silicon Valley BART Extension Floodplain Analysis - Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (2013) Bayfront Levee Improvement Project - City of San Mateo (2012) San Tomas Aquino Creek Flood Study - Santa Clara Valley Water District (2012) Recertification of Uvas, Stevens and Lower Penitencia Creek Levees – SCVWD (2009) Truckee River Levee and Floodwall System - CFA Engineers (Sparks, NV) (2008) O’Neill Slough Tide Gate Structure - City of San Mateo (2007) Julian Street and William Street Bridge Retrofits at Coyote Creek - Biggs Cardosa Associates (2007) S. Sutter County Flood Control Alternatives - Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency (2004) SW Lemmon Valley Flood Control Master Plan/Channel Improvements - CFA, Inc. (Reno, NV) (2003) Wooster Avenue Bridge Replacement - Advanced Engineering Design (San Jose) (2001)

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Emily D. Straley, P.E. – Senior Engineer - Schaaf & Wheeler Education Emily D. Straley, P.E., has more than 12 years of experience in storm BSCE, University drain systems, hydrology & hydraulics, bridge scour and erosion control, of Utah, Salt floodplain mapping and flood studies, sea level rise analyses and Lake City, 2005 vulnerability and risk assessment, water distribution, sanitary sewer systems, open channel design, hydrology and hydraulics, and pump Licenses stations. Emily has provided scour countermeasure services for more than Registered Civil 15 Caltrans bridges. She is accomplished in storm water modeling, master Engineer planning, water system modeling, stormwater system design, pump station California design, site grading, and reviewing water and sewer system plans for C75282 municipalities. Emily’s hydrology and hydraulics experience includes storm Affiliations drain master planning of more than 10 municipalities. Her water supply and ASCE distribution experience involves designing booster pump replacements and Chi Epsilon performing water system and fire flow analysis. Emily is proficient in AutoCAD, WaterCAD, SWMM, MIKE by DHI, PC SWMM, InfoWorks ICM, InfoSWMM, ArcMap, HEC-RAS, HEC-HMS, StormCAD, and HY- 8. Relevant Projects Hydrology and Hydraulics Livermore Flood Damage Assistance – City of Livermore (2017) Hermosa Beach Storm Drain Master Plan – City of Hermosa Beach (2016 – 2017) Mountain View Stormwater Master Plan Update – City of Mountain View (2016) Half Moon Bay Storm Drain Master Plan Phase 1 – City of Half Moon Bay (2015 - 2016) Soledad Storm Drain Master Plan – City of Soledad (2015) Palo Alto Storm Drain Master Plan – City of Palo Alto (2015) Greenwood Road Culvert Replacement Hydrologic Study – County of Napa (2014) North San Jose Storm Drain Master Plan – City of San Jose (2014) East Palo Alto Storm Drain Master Plan – City of East Palo Alto (2013) County of Santa Cruz Storm Drain Mater Plan – County of Santa Cruz (2012) Rollins Road Area and Laguna Area Storm Drain Study – City of Burlingame (2012) City of Los Altos Storm Drain Master Plan and Fee Study – City of Los Altos (2010) Flood Prevention, Channel and Bridge, Projects Deer Island Flood Detention Basin Final Design - Marin County Public Works Department (2016 - 2017) Del Rey Oaks Floodwall Design – Meno Enterprises/Del Rey Oaks (2016) Carmel River Lagoon Scenic Road Protection Peer Review - County of Monterey (2016-2017) Old Canyon Road Bridge Scour Countermeasure – City of Fremont (2013 – 2016) Kehoe Ditch Hydraulic Analysis and Alternatives Assessment – City of Half Moon Bay (2014 – 2015) DNLTC Climate Change and Stormwater Management Plan – Del Norte County (2015) Scour Critical Counter Measure Design of 12 Bridges – Santa Clara County (2012- 2014) Stormwater Systems Matadero Creek Storm Water Pump Station Improvement Project – City of Palo Alto (2015-2016) Phase 1 Storm Drain Repair Project – Town of Woodside (2015) Urban Runoff Diversion from Pulgas Creek Pump Station Analysis – City of San Carlos (2015) Ageno-Brisa Storm Drain Design – City of Livermore (2014) Storm Drain Capital Improvement Program – City of Belmont (2009, 2011) Northside Storm Water Pump Station Upgrades – City of Alameda (2010) San Francisquito Creek Stormwater Pump Station – City of Palo Alto (2005-2010) Water Delivery Systems Vista Water Tank #2 Booster Pump Station – City of Hillsborough (2008-2016) Country Club Motor Replacement – City of Hillsborough (2013) Booster Pump Station Replacement Project – City of Hillsborough (2011) Marina Coast Water District Well 34 – Marina (2007-2011) Wastewater Systems Kingridge Sanitary Sewer Line Study – City of San Mateo (2009-2012) Mariner’s Island No.2 Sanitary Pump Station Rehabilitation – City of San Mateo (2008) El Camino Sanitary Sewer Improvement Plan – City of Santa Clara (2008-2009)

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Cassandra Fagan, P.E. – Associate Engineer - Schaaf & Wheeler Education Cassandra Fagan, P.E., has experience in flood protection, BS, Civil and Environmental emergency response, stormwater system analysis, and hydrologic Engineering, University of and hydraulic model development. She is currently developing the Massachusetts, Amherst base hydrologic and hydraulic model for the Berryessa-Lower MS, Environmental and Water Penitencia and Upper Penitencia Watershed using the InfoWorks Resources Engineering, ICM modeling software. Cassandra is experienced in developing University of Texas at Austin riverine hydraulic models, calibration and validation of hydrologic models, and 2-D modeling. Her modelling experience includes HEC- License RAS, HEC-HMS, GeoRAS, InfoWorks ICM MIKEURBAN, Mike 11, Registered Civil Engineer, Mike 21, BAHM, HY-8, and ESRI’s ArcGIS software. Additionally, she has experience California 89300 processing LiDAR data, stemming from graduate research experience.

Relevant Projects Hydrology and Hydraulics SCVWD San Francisquito-Adobe Watershed Flood Study – Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) (2017- current) SCVWD Berryessa-Penitencia Watershed Flood Study – SCVWD (2016- 2018) Laurel Creek Dam Inundation Study – City of San Mateo (2018- current) Bear Gulch Dam Inundation Study – California Water Service (2017) Marin County Public Works, Data Collection from Installed Gages – Marin County (2016- current) South San Francisco, Gage Installation and Data Collection – City of South San Francisco (2016- current) Floodplain Analysis Grgich Hill Estate Flooding Analysis and LOMA Application – Grich Hills Estate (2016) Abbott Ave. Floodplain Modeling and FEMA Application – Pinn Brothers Const. (2016) S. Whitehall Lane Flooding Analysis and LOMR-F application - Napa County (2016) Old Carmel River Dam Removal, Flooding Analysis and LOMR application – Carmel County (2016) Costco South San Francisco Flood Study – Kier & Wright (2016- current) 641 North Capital Avenue LOMR-F Application – City Ventures (2016 – current) Centre Pointe Drive LOMR-F Application – D.R.Horton (2016-current) Stormwater Systems/Analysis and Trash Capture South San Francisco Trash Capture Device Design – South San Francisco (2016-current) City of Mountain View Storm Drain Master Plan Update – Mountain View (2016-current) Ursa Development Hydrology and Detention Design - Santa Clara Development (2016) Various C.3 Reviews (2016-current) Mountain View Trash Capture Device Design – Mountain View (2016-current) City of South San Francisco Trash Capture Feasibility Study – South San Francisco (2016)

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Engineering Services for a Storm Drain Master Plan

Brandon M. Nyo – GIS Analyst - Schaaf & Wheeler Education Brandon M. Nyo has experience in performing multiple GIS analysis from inception to completion Bachelors of using ArcGIS Suite. His typical analysis includes use of ArcMap tools for data management and Arts in analysis functions, to produce standard databases, reports and cartographic maps. He is adept at Environmental GPS data collection, data interpolation, creating data layers, spatial data analysis and production of Studies, GIS maps to support engineering reports. He is capable of integrating data from different databases University of using SQL. Brandon efficiently analyzes database requirements and performs queries to capture data California used for project specific analysis. He is able to define processes that improve and assemble map Certifications platforms through analytical and statistical methods. He utilizes Python scripting to automate GIS Cartography - workflows. Brandon has also used aerial videos for data mining. He is skilled at developing GIS based ESRI Web Applications for the use of public agencies and has facilitated trainings for staff support. Brandon is proficient at ArcGIS Suite; Python Programming Language; Cartographic Design; AutoCAD; Microsoft Office Suite; Openstreet Map; Windows; QGIS; and Mac. Relevant Projects Storm Drain Master Plan, City of Cupertino (2018) Dam Inundation Mapping, Alameda County Water District (2018) Capital Improvement Projects, Santa Cruz (2016 - 2017) - Created an upcoming city projects data layer within GIS and developed a web app to be used within the City’s website for the public. Santa Cruz Trash Survey - Regional Water Board (2016 – 2017) - Produced various maps using statistic feature scaling to interpolation techniques to develop citywide trash generation rates. Santa Cruz Traffic Light Update, City of Santa Cruz (2016-2017) - Rectified all city conduit, conduit structures, and signalized intersections by collecting GPS locations and manually configuring all the data within GIS. Campus Pedestrian Plan, UC Santa Cruz (2016) - Research for World’s User-Generated Road Network UC Santa Cruz (2016) - Utilized the open-source QGIS program to analyze Open Street Map data. Created and modified Python code to process data. Designed maps using ArcGIS Suite for publication in research.

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Implementation Plan for Stormwater Trash Reduction and Approach to Demonstrating Trash Full Capture Equivalency

December 2018

Submitted by:

City of Larkspur

Submitted in Compliance With: Water Code Section 13383 Order to Submit a Method to Comply with Statewide Trash Provisions; Requirements for Traditional Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Permittees PREFACE

The State Water Resources Control Board issued requirements to the City of Larkspur requiring trash reductions from stormwater discharges. On June 2, 2017, the State Water Board issued Orders to Permittees under California Water Code section 13383. The 13383 Order initiated implementation of the statewide Trash Amendments for Phase II Permittees with regulatory authority over Priority Land Use areas.

Phase II Permittees were required to select Track 1 or Track 2 implementation and submit their choice to the Water Board by September 2, 2017. Track 1 implementation is the option to install full trash capture systems to capture trash in runoff from PLUs. Track 2 is the option to meet the requirements with a combination of full trash capture devices, multi-benefit projects, other treatment controls, and/or institutional controls. Permittees who choose Track 2 are required to submit an implementation plan which identifies the controls the Permittees will implement and how they will achieve Full Capture System Equivalency (FCE), how FCE will be demonstrated. This Implementation Plan is intended to achieve this requirement.

This Plan’s content is based on the City of Larkspur’s current understanding of trash problems within their jurisdiction and the effectiveness of control measures designed to reduce trash impacts associated with Municipal Separate Storm Sewer (MS4) discharges. This Plan is intended to be iterative and may be modified in the future based on information gained through the implementation of trash control measures. City of Larkspur therefore reserves the right to revise or amend this Plan at their discretion. If significant revisions or amendments are made to the Plan, then revisions will be documented through the annual reporting process.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ...... v LIST OF FIGURES ...... v Section 1. Introduction ...... 1 Background ...... 1 Trash Sources and Pathways ...... 1 Applicable Land Areas (PLUs and Alternative Equivalent Land Areas) ...... 2 Compliance Options and Related Considerations ...... 3 Purpose ...... 4 Section 2. Scope of Trash Issues ...... 5 City of Larkspur Characteristics ...... 5 Priority Land Uses ...... 5 Baseline Trash Generation ...... 9 Section 3. Existing & Planned Trash Control Measures ...... 13 Trash Full Capture Systems ...... 13 Street Sweeping ...... 15 On-Land Cleanups ...... 15 Illegal Dumping Prevention/Abatement ...... 15 Storm Drain Inlet Cleaning ...... 15 Uncovered Loads ...... 15 Improved Trash Bin/Container Management ...... 15 Other Types of On-land Actions ...... 15 Trash Cleanups in Receiving Waters (Reduction Offset) ...... 17 Control Measure Implementation Schedule ...... 17 Section 4. Full Trash Capture Equivalency Approach ...... 19 Full Capture Systems ...... 19 Other Trash Controls ...... 19 Definition of Full Capture Equivalency ...... 19 Establishment of a Baseline Trash Load ...... 21 On-Land Visual Trash Assessment Program ...... 22 Creating the Assessment Frame ...... 22 Identifying Assessment Needs...... 23 Selecting and Drawing Assessment Sites ...... 23 Assessment Frequency and Averaging Period ...... 24 Modifications to the OVTA Program Over Time ...... 24 Trash Reduction Offsets – Creek and Shoreline Cleanups ...... 26 Section 5. References ...... 27

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Priority land use categories and the classes included in each...... 6 Table 2. Priority and non-priority land uses within the City of Larkspur jurisdictional boundaries...... 7 Table 3. Definitions of on-land trash assessment condition categories...... 10 Table 4. Trash Generation Categories and Associated Generation Rates (Gallons/Acre/Year). . 10 Table 5. Percentage of PLU areas and non-PLU areas assigned to each Trash Generation Category...... 11 Table 6. Trash full capture systems currently operational in the City of Larkspur...... 13 Table 7. Tentative schedule for implementing trash control measures to achieve load reduction deadlines...... 18 Table 8. Descriptive statistics for trash generation rates (Gallons/Acre/Year) monitored at 154 storm drain inlets in the SF Bay Area (BASMAA 2014)...... 20 Table 9. Trash generation categories and associated average rates and On-land Visual Trash Assessment (OVTA) scores...... 21 Table 10. Estimated baseline level of trash generated (gallons) from PLU areas annually in the City of Larkspur...... 22

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Trash sources categories and transport pathways to urban creeks...... 2 Figure 2. The City of Larkspur jurisdictional map illustrating Priority Land Use (PLU) Areas subject to trash reduction requirements...... 8 Figure 3. Final Baseline Trash Generation Map...... 12 Figure 4. Trash Full Capture System Map...... 14 Figure 5. OVTA assessment sites...... 26

v

APPENDICIES A – State Certified Full Capture Systems B – Method to Substitute PLU areas with Non-PLU areas (Optional)

vi

Section 1. Introduction

Background

In response to the growing challenges with trash levels in receiving waters (e.g., creeks, rivers, lakes, and shorelines), the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) adopted the Trash Amendments in April 2015. This action amended two statewide water quality control plans to include trash control requirements for owners/operators of municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s), including the City of Larkspur. The Amendments are not self- implementing, and therefore the State Water Board issued Orders to Permittees under California Water Code section 13383 June 2017 requesting that they choose their compliance strategy for addressing the Trash Amendments; and 2) Include trash reduction requirements consistent with the Amendments in the Phase II Statewide NDPES Permit when it is reissued in the next few years (reissuance schedule to be determined). Based on the compliance schedule outlined in the Order, Phase II Permittees will be required to significantly reduce the amount of trash discharged from their MS4 to local water bodies over the next decade. On average, municipalities will need to demonstrate a 10% reduction per year in the amount of trash discharged from MS4s. The Amendments define trash as follows:

All improperly discarded solid material from any production, manufacturing, or processing operation including, but not limited to, products, product packaging, or containers constructed of plastic, steel, aluminum, glass, paper, or other synthetic or natural materials.

Non-compliance with the requirements could result in monetary fines from the State or litigation from third-parties, which is allowed under the Federal Clean Water Act.

Trash Sources and Pathways

Trash in creeks, lakes and shorelines originates from a variety of sources including pedestrian litter, inadequate waste container management, on-land dumping, and litter from vehicles (Figure 1). Pedestrian litter is found frequently in high- traffic areas such as commercial districts, transit centers, and around special events. Waste containers may be overflowing or dispersing trash before during or after collection. Litter from vehicles can include litter from uncovered loads. On-land dumping may also be a significant source of trash generation.

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As illustrated in Figure 1, trash is transported to receiving waters through three main pathways: 1) Stormwater Conveyances; 2) Wind; and, 3) Direct Dumping. Stormwater or urban runoff conveyance systems (e.g., MS4s) consist of curbs/gutters, and pipes and channels that discharge to urban creeks, lakes and shorelines. This Implementation Plan and associated trash control measures described within are focused on reducing trash from the stormwater conveyance pathway.

Source Pedestrian Inadequate On-land Litter from Waste Container Categories Litter Dumping Vehicles Management

Transport Stormwater Wind Direct Dumping Pathways Conveyances

Receiving Waters Urban Creeks and the San Francisco Bay Estuary

Figure 1. Trash sources categories and transport pathways to urban creeks.1

Applicable Land Areas (PLUs and Alternative Equivalent Land Areas)

A central element of the statewide Trash Amendments is the designation of land areas where cities, counties and other applicable public agencies will need to implement trash controls to reduce the levels of trash discharged from stormwater conveyances. Applicable land areas are based on land uses currently developed (i.e., not simply zoned) and presumed to generate high levels of trash. These areas are referred to as “Priority Land Uses, or PLUs” in the Trash Amendments. PLUs include all land areas currently developed as high density residential, industrial, commercial, mixed urban, and public transportation stations.

Because not all PLUs generate significant levels of trash and not all trash is generated solely from PLUs, the Amendments allow Permittees to propose

1 This Implementation Plan is only focused on reducing trash from the stormwater conveyances pathway, consistent with the scope of the State Water Board’s Trash Amendments.

2 alternative equivalent land uses that better represent high trash generation in their jurisdictional areas. Permittees can substitute one or more PLUs with alternate land uses that generate trash at rates equivalent to or greater than, the PLU being substituted. Substituting PLUs for land areas that generate trash allows Permittees the flexibility to focus enhanced controls on trash-prone areas within their communities, as opposed to treating areas just because they fall into one of the PLUs.2 Additional information on PLU areas in the City of Larkspur are included in Section 2.

Compliance Options and Related Considerations

The Trash Amendments provide Permittees with two options (i.e., tracks) to demonstrate compliance with trash reduction requirements in PLU areas of equivalent land areas:

• Track 1 – Full Capture Systems: Install, operate and maintain State Water Board certified/approved trash full capture systems in the storm drain system that drains all PLUs or equivalent alternative land areas. Full Capture Systems are those that trap all particles that are 5 millimeter (mm) or greater, and have a design treatment capacity that is either: a) not less than the peak flow rate resulting from a one-year, one-hour storm in the subdrainage area, or b) appropriately sized and designed to carry at least the same flows as the corresponding storm drain. The 5 mm size limit corresponds with the diameter of a cigarette butt. Roughly 25 types of full capture systems have been approved by the Los Angeles and/or San Francisco Bay Regional Water Boards over the past 10+ years. Permittees will need to not only address trash from PLUs draining the public right-of- way, but PLUs draining to storm drain inlets located on private property and are connected to the Permittee’s MS4.

• Track 2 - Full Capture Equivalent (FCE): Implement a combination of full capture systems, multi-benefit projects, institutional controls, and/or other treatment controls to achieve full capture system equivalency, or the same performance results as Track 1. Example controls mentioned in the Trash Amendments include partial capture devices, street sweeping, and green infrastructure and Low Impact Development (LID) controls. If choosing Track 2, cities/counties will need to show equivalency to Track 1 performance using an approach that is acceptable by the State Water Board. Additionally, cities, towns and counties that opt to comply with the requirements via Track 2 will be required to submit an implementation plan and map illustrating: (a) the combination of trash controls selected

2 A description of the process that the City of Larkspur will follow, should it choose to propose the substitution of PLU areas for equivalent alternative land areas, is included in Appendix B.

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and the rationale for the selection, (b) how the combination of selected controls is designed to achieve Track 1 equivalency, and (c) how Track 1 equivalency will be demonstrated.

Purpose

This Implementation Plan (Plan) details how the City of Larkspur will address the Track 2 requirements and how the City of Larkspur will demonstrate Full Capture Equivalency (FCE). The rationale for selecting the combination of trash controls included in the Plan and descriptions of how the controls are designed to achieve Track 1 equivalency are included. Lastly, the Plan fully describes the FCE method that will be used to demonstrate equivalency with Track 1.

Section 2 of the Plan describes the scope of trash issues in the City of Larkspur’s jurisdictional area, including the methods used to determine and document the baseline trash generation levels in PLU and equivalent alternative land areas. Section 3 describes control measures that are currently being implemented, and additional control measures that will be implemented. A schedule implementing additional control measures is also included in Section 3. Section 4 provides the rationale behind the FCE approach and how FCE will be demonstrated through On-Land Visual Trash Assessments (OVTAs).

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Section 2. Scope of Trash Issues

City of Larkspur Characteristics Larkspur is a city in Marin County, California located 3 miles south of San Rafael, and north of San Francisco near Mount Tamalpais. The total area of the city is 3.24 sq. miles, of which 0.22 sq. miles is water. It resides in the Ross Valley Watershed and is split in half by the Corte Madera Creek, which feeds into the San Francisco Bay. The City of Larkspur is located in the central portion of Marin County and is roughly 3.24 square miles in area. Priority Land Uses Priority Land Use (PLU) areas are defined by the State Water Board as those areas currently developed (i.e., not simply zoned) and presumed to generate high levels of trash. These areas are categorized as high density residential, industrial, commercial, mixed urban or public transportation stations.

The City of Larkspur identified and mapped land parcels that were identified as PLU areas within its jurisdictional boundaries using currently available Geographical Information System (GIS) land use data layers. Nonconforming land uses were reconciled by comparing the definitions of PLU areas included in the Trash Amendments and the land use classes included in available GIS data layers. Land use classes that appear to meet the PLU definitions are presented in Table 1.

Municipal staff familiar with the local jurisdiction’s land uses reviewed the land use classes included in the GIS data layers and identified parcels that were incorrectly categorized as PLU areas and parcels that should be defined as PLU areas, but were not identified in GIS. This resulted in the identification of PLU areas by the City of Larkspur within in its jurisdiction. A preliminary version of the jurisdictional map that identifies PLU areas was submitted by the City of Larkspur on September 2, 2017 to the State Water Board. A final version was submitted on December 1, 2018 and is included as Figure 2. The PLU areas identified on the final jurisdictional map are the land areas subject to the requirements associated with the Trash Amendments. Priority and non-priority land uses within the City of Larkspur jurisdictional area are listed in Table 2.

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Table 1: Priority land use categories and the classes included in each.

Priority Land Land Use Classes Included Definition in Trash Amendments Use Categories in Each Category  Single family residential parcels < 0.1 acre in sizea High-Density Residential land uses with at  Multi-family residential parcels identified as >10 Residential least ten (10) developed DUs per acre or < 0.1 acre, including applicable dwelling units (DU) per acre apartments, townhomes, condominiums and trailer parks  Heavy industrial buildings/facilities Land uses where the primary  Warehouses and equipment storage lots activities on the developed  Junkyards, landfills and waste recycling centers Industrial parcels involve product and transfer stations manufacture, storage, or  Wholesale businesses and distribution centers distribution  Building material sales yards  Other light industrial facilities  Retail establishments, including restaurants, theaters, shops, convenience stores, gas stations Land uses where the primary and grocery stores activities on the developed  Business or professional buildings Commercial parcels involve the sale or  Community centers transfer of goods or services to  Vehicle repair shops consumers  Motels and hotels  Government buildings  Parking lots Land uses where high-density Mixed Urban residential, industrial, and/or  Mixed use land areas that have a combination of commercial land uses two or more classes above predominate collectively

Public Facilities or sites where public  Bus stations and stops  Park and ride lots Transportation transit agencies’ vehicles load  Rail stations and ferry terminals Stations or unload passengers or goods  Associated parking lots a Single Family Residential parcels that are greater than 0.1 acres in size but are isolated from other PLUs may have been defined as non-PLUs.

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Table 2. Priority and non-priority land uses within the CITY OF LARKSPUR’S jurisdictional boundaries. (Complete the table below)

Jurisdictional Areaa Land Use Category (Acres) Priority Land Uses (PLUs)

Commercial/Retail 156.6

Industrial 6.9

High Density Residential 187.2

Public Transportationb 0.10

Totals 350.8 a Jurisdictional Area is defined as the land area within a Permittee’s jurisdiction that is part of the designated Regulated Small MS4 as specified by the SWRCB in WQO No. 2013-0001-DWQ. b The area for each public transit stop was standardized to 200ft2 (20ft x 10 ft) to facilitate tracking and reporting.

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Figure 2. The CITY OF LARKSPUR’S jurisdictional map illustrating Priority Land Use (PLU) Areas subject to trash reduction requirements.

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Baseline Trash Generation

Baseline trash generation is the level of trash discharged from a stormwater conveyance over the course of a year. Consistent with the 13383 Order, the City of Larkspur developed baseline trash generation levels for all PLU areas in the City in an effort to illustrate the varying levels of trash generated in PLU areas. Trash generation levels were developed using the following On-land Visual Trash Assessment (OVTA) protocols:

 A – Street and Sidewalk Survey (EOA 2017)  B – Driving Survey (EOA 2018)  C – Area Based Survey (EOA and Keish Environmental 2018)

These protocols provide a method for visually observing the level of trash present on the roadway, curb and gutter, sidewalk, and other areas adjacent to the street or on a parcel that could potentially contribute trash to the municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4).

Two OVTAs were conducted at each PLU area. One assessment was conducted during the wet season (October – March) and one during the dry season (April – September). Assessments were conducted by trained personnel and prior to street sweeping so that generation levels would not be underestimated.

Based on the level of trash observed during each OVTA, the adjacent PLU area was placed into one of the four trash generation categories that are summarized in Table 3. For each PLU area, the worst OVTA score observed during the two assessments was used as the final baseline trash generation level for that area. Selecting the worst generation level ensures that the City of Larkspur is not underestimating the trash generation levels currently observed.

Levels of trash generation in PLU areas in Larkspur are depicted on a baseline trash generation map using four trash generation rates (gallons/acre/year) that are symbolized by the four colors illustrated in Table 4. The City of Larkspur’s Final Baseline Trash Generation Map is included as Figure 3. Summary statistics of trash generation levels in PLU areas are presented in Table 5 along with non-PLU areas that the City of Larkspur may select as equivalent alternative land areas, consistent with the Trash Amendments.

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Table 3. Definitions of on-land trash assessment condition categories.

OVTA Category Summary Definition

 Effectively no trash is observed in the assessment area.  There may be some trash in the area, but it is not obvious at first glance. A  One individual could easily clean up all the trash observed while walking (Low) at normal pace.  No additional trash reduction measures are needed in the assessment area.

 Predominantly free of trash, except for a few littered areas.  Some trash is noticeable at first glance. B  The trash observed could be collected by one or two individuals, but (Moderate) would require walking at a slower than normal pace.  Additional trash reduction measures are needed in the assessment area.

 Predominantly littered, except for a few clean areas.  Trash is widely/evenly distributed and/or small accumulations are C noticeable on the streets and sidewalks. (High)  It would take multiple people to remove all trash from the area, frequently requiring individuals to stop walking to remove the trash.  Roughly 4 times as much trash as a “B” level.

 Trash is continuously seen throughout the assessment area and there is a strong impression of lack of concern for litter.  Large piles of trash may be observed. D  It would take a large number of people during an organized effort to (Very High) remove all trash from the area, consistently requiring individuals to stop to remove the trash.  Roughly 3 times as much trash as a “C” level.

Table 4. Trash Generation Categories and Associated Generation Rates (Gallons/Acre/Year).

Category Very High High Moderate Low (Color) (Purple) (Red) (Yellow) (Green)

Generation Rate > 50 10-50 5-10 < 5 (Gallons/Acre/Year)

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Table 5. Percentage of PLU areas assigned to each Trash Generation Category. (Complete the table below)

Baseline Trash Generation Land Area Category Total Low Mod High Very High

Acres 69.9 234.3 44.8 1.7 350.7 Priority Land Use (PLU) Areas % 20% 67% 13% 0% 100%

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Figure 3. Final Baseline Trash Generation Map.

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Section 3. Existing & Planned Trash Control Measures

The City of Larkspur is currently conducting stormwater planning projects to identify the most cost-effective and technically feasible trash control measures to address the Trash Amendments and subsequent requirements. Planning projects that are currently underway are described in this section. Additionally, controls that the City of Larkspur is currently implementing and controls that the City of Larkspur plans to implement to address trash reduction requirements are summarized in this section. This section is organized by the type of trash control measure that has/will be implemented. Trash Full Capture Systems There are currently _2_ trash full capture systems located in the City of Larkspur treating runoff from a total of 5.5 acres of land area. The types of systems currently operational in the City and the trash generation areas treated by each system or group of systems are listed in Table 6. The locations of the systems and the associated treatment areas are illustrated in Figure 4.

Table 6. Trash full capture systems currently operational in the City of Larkspur.

Acres Treated # of Type of Trash Full Capture System Systems Very High High Moderate Low

United Stormwater CPS Units 2 9.2AC G7897

Trash full capture systems are certified by the State Water Board and maintained by the City of Larkspur consistent with its Full Capture System Operation and Maintenance Verification Program Plan.

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Figure 4. Trash Full Capture System Map.

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Street Sweeping Current sweeping activities have our publically maintained roads cleaned once a month during Spring and Summer months, and twice a month in Fall and Winter months. The City will continue to look at ways to improve the efficiency of its sweeping program. Possible solutions would include parking enforcement and/or public involvement. These enhancements would include but not limited to the Industrial section of the City, as well as the downtown business district.

On-Land Cleanups The City of Larkspur currently has a trash pick-up once a week in designated areas – parks and public land. Future enhancements to this section may include working with public volunteer groups to capture a broader area beyond

Illegal Dumping Prevention/Abatement Current activities include Public Works picking up small piles of illegal dumps, and large dumps are contracted out to clean up. The City will continue to work to achieve better coordination and response times with the police department to avoid prolonged trash build-ups.

Storm Drain Inlet Cleaning The City currently cleans its hot spot catch basins annually. This may be an area where public involvement and/or volunteer groups would work with the City to capture more catch basin inventory throughout the City.

Uncovered Loads Future activities may include stricter administrative controls. Working with the Marin County Stormwater Pollution Prevention Program, the City inspects and educates residents and businesses about tarping loads at the local waste transfer station. This inspection and education is done several time a year and tarps are given away to encourage best management practices.

Improved Trash Bin/Container Management Current activities include trash pick-up once a week, and dumpster pick-up twice a week. Future activities may include public outreach, and/or administration controls to affect change. Other Types of On-land Actions Volunteer efforts semi-regularly clear trash around the creeks as part of vegetation maintenance. Future activities will expand on this type of maintenance.

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Trash Cleanups in Receiving Waters (Reduction Offset) Trash that is observed in creeks, rivers, lakes, lagoons and Bay shorelines can originate from MS4s and other pathways (i.e., direct dumping, wind and homeless encampments). Cleanup events conducted in these receiving waters to remove trash, improve water quality at the site, prevent trash from moving to downstream water bodies (e.g., SF Bay), and can create additional public outreach and participation benefits. The City of Larkspur will explore various ways to include public participation in the coming years to combat trash build- up around the public lands and parks.

Control Measure Implementation Schedule The City of Larkspur is committed to addressing the levels of trash discharged from its MS4 in a timely and cost-effective manner. The tentative implementation schedule for the installation of full capture systems and the implementation of other trash control measures in the City of Larkspur is included in Table 8. Implementation levels are dependent upon available funding and are subject to change.

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Table 7. Tentative schedule for implementing trash control measures to achieve load reduction deadlines.

Implementation Date (Fiscal Year) for Planned New/Enhanced Trash Control Measures

Trash Control Type Summary Description

2019 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2030

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20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31

IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM PT PT IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM PT PT Full Capture Systems IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM PT PT

IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM PT PT IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM Street Sweeping PT PT

IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM On-Land Cleanups PT PT

Illegal Dumping IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM PT PT Prevention/Abatement IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM Storm Drain Inlet Cleaning PT PT

IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM Uncovered Loads PT PT

Improved Trash Bin/Container IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM PT PT Management IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM Other Types of Actions PT PT

Offset – Additional Creek and IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM IAM PT PT Shoreline Cleanups

PT - Pilot testing and data collection IAM – Implementation and Adaptive Management

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Section 4. Full Trash Capture Equivalency Approach

The Full Trash Capture Equivalency (FCE) approach selected by the City of Larkspur includes methods to evaluate the progress made in addressing the trash load reduction requirements in the Trash Amendments. Methods described include those designed to assess reductions associated with trash full capture systems, other trash control measures including institutional and source controls, and trash reduction offsets (i.e., creek and shoreline cleanups).

Full Capture Systems

 Delineation of Areas Treated by Full Trash Capture Systems – All areas draining to trash full capture systems installed by the City of Larkspur or private land owner that will be used to demonstrate trash load reductions will be delineated using a combination of desktop and field techniques. Delineation of areas treated by these systems are georeferenced in Larkspur’s Geographical Information Systems (GIS) database. These areas are overlaid onto the baseline trash generation map to identify both the area treated and the trash generated from this area that is now addressed by the full capture system. This GIS database is updated as new full capture systems are installed.

• Full Capture Operation and Maintenance Program – The City of Larkspur currently oversees the maintenance of all full capture systems, consistent with its Full Capture System Operation and Maintenance Verification Program Plan. Systems are inspected and cleaned consistent with the schedule included in the plan. Maintenance records will be kept by the City of Larkspur and any issues that arises will be reported in the annual report to the Water Board.

Other Trash Controls Definition of Full Capture Equivalency Trash full capture equivalency is defined in the Trash Amendments as the trash load that would be reduced if full capture systems were installed, operated, and maintained for all storm drains that capture runoff from the relevant areas of land (e.g., PLU Areas). For the purposes of defining full capture equivalency, this amount of trash is termed the “Intercepted Trash Load.” Because full capture systems are only designed to intercept trash that is transported via stormwater runoff from relatively moderate-sized storms (i.e., 1-year, 1-hour) a portion of the trash that is mobilized into the stormwater system during larger storm events is typically not intercepted by full capture systems (i.e., trash bypasses or overflows the system). This trash is termed the “Acceptable Trash Load.” The sum of the

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Intercepted and Acceptable Trash Loads equal the trash load discharged by an MS4.

Establishing that the load of trash that enters a stormwater conveyance system is equivalent to or less than the Acceptable Trash Load from an area provides an alternative definition of FCE, consistent with the intent of definition included in the Trash Amendments. To compare the volumes of trash entering stormwater conveyances to the Acceptable Trash Load, On-land Visual Assessments (OVTAs) were conducted multiple times in areas draining to 154 storm drain inlets that were monitored for trash as part of the Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association’s (BASMAA) Trash Generation Rates Study for the San Francisco Bay Area (BASMAA 2014). Descriptive statistics for the annual trash generation rates calculated via this study are presented in Table 9 in comparison to the OVTA scores (A, B, C & D) observed in the adjacent areas.

Table 8. Descriptive statistics for trash generation rates (Gallons/Acre/Year) monitored at 154 storm drain inlets in the SF Bay Area (BASMAA 2014).

A B C D Maximum 8.3 24.4 94.7 252.8 90th % 5.0 14.0 48.1 145.4 75th % 2.9 9.7 38.6 129.0 Median 1.4 6.5 23.0 88.0 Mean 2.2 7.6 26.9 100.3 25th % 0.8 4.2 15.3 69.8 10th% 0.4 2.8 11.2 42.2 Minimum 0.2 2.0 6.3 27.1 n 38 54 46 16

Based on the results of the BASMAA (2014) study, on average 2.2 gallons of trash per acre of land annually enters a storm drain inlet for areas that received an OVTA score “A”.

Based on the results of recent trash full capture system performance studies (Allison et al. 1998; Caltrans 2004; DeCarlo 2004; Lee et al. 2006; City of Los Angeles 2006; City of San Diego 2012), the acceptable trash load that bypasses or overflows a certified trash full capture device that treats moderate, high or very high trash generating areas and is well maintained, is greater than 2.5 gallons of trash per acre of land treated. Comparing this acceptable trash load to the average trash generation rate of 2.2 gallons/acre (i.e., an “A” OVTA score) indicates that the volume of trash that enters a stormwater conveyance

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system in an area with consistent “A” OVTA scores is equal to or less than the volume that bypasses a full capture system in a moderate, high or very high trash generating area. Therefore, FCE is defined as: The consistent achievement of Low Trash Generation as demonstrated by “A” OVTA scores

Establishment of a Baseline Trash Load The estimated baseline trash load (volume) generated from PLU areas in the City of Larkspur was calculated using the: 1) final baseline trash generation map depicting areas (acres) generating levels of trash greater than FCE (i.e., low trash generation); and 2) annual average trash generation rates developed for the SF Bay Area via the Baseline Trash Generation Rates for the San Francisco Bay Area project (BASMAA 2014). Annual trash generation rates are expressed as the volume (gallons) of trash generated per acre of land. Average rates developed by BASMAA for very high, high and moderate trash generation categories are listed in Table 10. As described previously, rates associated with the low trash generating category are equivalent to full capture systems and therefore for the purposes of calculating trash reductions, are assumed to be zero.

Table 9. Trash generation categories and associated average rates and On-land Visual Trash Assessment (OVTA) scores.

Trash Generation Category Low Moderate High Very High

Average Trash Generation NA 7.5 30 100 Rates (gallons/acres yr-1)

On-land Visual Assessment A B C D Score

The recent evaluation of OVTAs conducted by BASMAA (2017a) as part of the Tracking California’s Trash (TCT) project concluded that average generation rates correspond well to OVTA scoring categories (A/B/C/D). Based on these findings, average rates were assigned to all PLU areas depicted on baseline trash generation maps. By multiplying these rates by the corresponding acres within each PLU area, the “Baseline Trash Levels” (i.e., volumes of trash that enters the MS4) are calculated. The volume represents the amount of trash that enters the MS4 prior to the implementation of new or enhanced controls. This baseline volume will be compared against “current” trash levels calculated in

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future years to evaluate improvements in the levels of trash in stormwater. Baseline Trash Levels for the City of Larkspur are presented in Table 11.

Table 10. Estimated baseline level of trash generated (gallons) from PLU areas annually in the City of Larkspur.

Category Low Moderate High Very High Totals

Average Trash Generation Rate NA 7.5 30 100 - (gallons/acre yr-1)

PLU Area 69.9 234.3 44.8 1.7 350.7 (Acres)

Estimated Annual Trash Generation Level NA 1757.6 1343.6 166.5 3267.5 (gallons)

On-Land Visual Trash Assessment Program

OVTAs have been identified by the State Water Board as a leading indicator of trash load reductions in stormwater discharges from MS4s. There are three OVTA protocols. Protocol A is for OVTAs conducted on streets with sidewalks, Protocol B is for driving surveys on streets without sidewalks or that are otherwise unsafe for pedestrians, and Protocol C is for area-based assessments where there are no streets. Protocol A will be used by the City of Larkspur to assess progress toward trash reduction goals required by the Trash Amendments.

The methods used to develop the OVTA Program for the City of Larkspur, including the random selection of assessment sites that will ensure that they accurately represent trash levels in each PLU area, are documented in this section. The selection of representative assessment sites where future OVTAs will be conducted provides the confidence necessary to accurately report trash load reductions to the State Water Board. Assessment results from the OVTA Program will represent on-going trash levels on streets and sidewalks and provide a comparison to baseline levels. The levels of trash present in these public rights-of-way correlate well with the amount of trash observed in MS4s (BASMAA 2016).

Creating the Assessment Frame

An assessment (or sampling) frame is a list or set of information that defines a population of interest where a sampling site can be selected from. The assessment frame for studying trash levels in the City of Larkspur is all the streets and sidewalks that are in applicable land areas within the jurisdictional

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boundaries. Streets and sidewalks are represented in GIS by a curb line network, which will be created using the road centerline dataset for the City of Larkspur and buffering that line by a radius based on the road type (local, arterial, collector, etc.). The outline of the buffer represents the assessment frame for the City of Larkspur. The development of the assessment frame is an upcoming project for Marin’s countywide program on behalf of Marin County’s phase II permittees

Once the assessment frame is developed, each segment of the curb line will be assigned a baseline trash generation category (i.e., low, moderate, high, or very high). Assignments will be based on the trash generation level depicted on the baseline trash generation map. Applicable curb miles within each trash generation category will be generated with the assessment frame.

Identifying Assessment Needs Once the assessment frame is completed, the assessment needs will be identified prior to selecting OVTA sites. Assessment needs will be based on permit requirements and the baseline trash generation map. The OVTA Protocol recommends that Permittees assess “at least 10% of the curb miles that are representative of each PLU where a trash load reduction is being claimed.” To ensure that the 10% of curb miles selected are representative of the all applicable areas in each PLU, the trash generation levels in all applicable land areas (i.e., acres) in each PLU and the proportion of these areas that are within each baseline trash generation category will be calculated. For each PLU, the proportions of land areas that fall within each baseline trash generation category (as illustrated in Table 10) serve as a guide for establishing the assessment needs for each PLU and ensuring the sites that are ultimately selected are representative of the trash levels in the entire City of Larkspur. To identify the assessment needs for each PLU, the proportions in each trash generation category will be multiplied by 10% of the curb lengths for the corresponding generation category. This will result in the minimum curb lengths that the City of Larkspur will assess. This set of curb lengths is intended to adequately represent the trash levels in the applicable areas within each PLU.

Selecting and Drawing Assessment Sites OVTA sites are typically 1,000 feet (0.19 miles) in length, on average. Considering this, potential site locations will be identified at every 500-foot interval along the assessment frame, beginning with a randomly selected starting point. This will result in the number of potential assessment sites. These potential sites will then be placed in a random order to form a list of randomly selected assessment sites

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that will be evaluated to avoid biasing the site selection process, which allows the sites that are eventually selected to be representative of broader applicable areas within the entire City of Larkspur.

Beginning at the top of the assessment site list, potential sites will be evaluated and compared to the assessment needs listed in Table 10. A site may be rejected from the list if a full trash capture device is planned there in the future, the site is particularly difficult to access or the site did not assist the City in achieving its assessment needs.

OVTA sites will be selected using the process described above. The assessment frame will include total curb miles selected for assessments in each PLU and the percentage of curb length in each PLU that the assessment sites represent. Assessment site locations will be mapped and are intended to provide a reasonable representation of trash levels in each PLU and will achieve the 10% of curb mile guideline.

Assessment Frequency and Averaging Period Based on the findings of the Tracking California’s Trash project that evaluated the results of over 3,000 OVTAs, the frequency of assessments needed confidently demonstrate an improvement in trash levels is highly dependent on the degree of improvement that one wishes to assert with statistical confidence (BASMAA 2016). For demonstrating compliance with trash load reductions required by the MRP, the study recommended conducting a minimum of 3 assessments per year at each OVTA site. Additionally, the study indicated that decisions on whether “on-going” trash generation levels, which are compared to baseline levels to demonstrate trash reductions, are best depicted by assessments conducted in one or more years should be made based on: 1) the required reporting cycle, 2) the variability in OVTA scores at the set of sites, and 3) the timing of the anticipated improvement in trash generation levels. For Larkspur averaging the 2-3 most recent years of data (i.e., ~ 6-9 OVTA results) when reporting trash load reductions to the Water Board should provide an acceptable level of confidence in depicting the “on-going” levels of trash associated its stormwater conveyance system.

Modifications to the OVTA Program Over Time The OVTA program described in this document is designed to address permit requirements and represent on-going levels of trash in areas that are not treated by trash full capture systems, and are generating moderate, high, or very high levels of trash. Should the City of Larkspur elect to install additional trash full capture systems, then the OVTA program should be modified to remove sites

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within areas now treated by full capture systems. Additionally, as new full capture systems are installed, new assessment sites may need to be established to allow the set of OVTA sites to remain representative of the broader areas within each PLU for which trash load reductions are being reported. It is recommended that an evaluation of the OVTA program occur annually, prior to assessments beginning each fiscal year, and modifications be documented in the City of Larkspur’s corresponding annual report to the Water Board.

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This map is scheduled to be developed after 2019.

Figure 5. OVTA assessment sites.

Trash Reduction Offsets – Creek and Shoreline Cleanups

Trash cleanups events that occur in receiving water bodies provide important and direct water quality benefits. Additionally, these events engage citizens and provide valuable entry points to educate volunteers on the impacts of trash and the importance environmental stewardship. These events are supported and/or actively coordinated by local public agencies. Trash removed during these cleanup events can originate from multiple sources and pathways, including those not directly associated with MS4 discharges.

In addition to implementing trash full capture systems and other trash controls designed to prevent or reduce trash discharges, the City of Larkspur may also chose to offset part of its trash load reduction requirements by conducting cleanups of trash from creek and shoreline areas. Each year, the City of Larkspur may claim up to a10% trash load reduction for conducting trash cleanups in local receiving water bodies. This offset will recognize the value of these cleanup events and account for the short-term benefit of cleanups compared to ongoing trash generation levels associated with the City of Larkspur’s MS4.

Because the trash removed during the receiving water cleanup event(s) has already impacted the water body, an offset ratio of three to one will be used when comparing the volumes of trash removed during the event(s) to the trash volume depicted by the City of Larkspur’s baseline trash generation map. The following formula will be used to generate each percent trash load reduction demonstrated by the City of Larkspur for these actions:

Trash Removed / 3 퐏퐞퐫퐜퐞퐧퐭 퐓퐫퐚퐬퐡 퐎퐟퐟퐬퐞퐭 = x 100 Baseline Trash Load

where: Trash Removed = Volume of Trash Removed from all creek and/or shoreline events during a given fiscal year

3 = Trash Reduction Offset (3:1 ratio)

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Baseline Trash Load = Volume of Trash Represented by Baseline Trash Generation Map

Regardless of the percent trash offset calculated using the formula above, the maximum offset the City of Larkspur will claim is ten percent. Section 5. References

Allison, R.A., F.H.S. Chiew and T.A. McMahon. 1998b. A decision-support-system for determining effective trapping strategies for gross pollutants. Report 98/3. Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology. April. BASMAA (2014). San Francisco Bay Area Stormwater Trash Generation Rates. Final Technical Report. Prepared by EOA, Inc. https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sanfranciscobay/water_issues/programs/stormwater/MRP/BAS MAA_Trash_Generation_Rates_Final_Report.pdf BASMAA (2016). Tracking California’s Trash Project: Evaluation of the On-land Visual Assessment Protocol as a Method to Establish Baseline Levels of Trash and Detect Improvements in Stormwater Quality. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association. State Water Resources Control Board Grant Agreement No. 12-420-550. Prepared by EOA, Inc. http://basmaa.org/Announcements/tracking-cas-trash-on-land-visual-assessments. Caltrans 2004. Caltrans BMP Retrofit Pilot Program Final Report. CTSW-RT-01-050, Caltrans, Division of Environmental Analysis, Sacramento. 316 pgs. City of Los Angeles 2006. Field Observation Reports for Catch Basin Insert Pilot Study 2004 - 2005. Maintenance Report for StormTekTM and Practical Technology Pilot Study. City of Los Angeles, Watershed Protection Division, Los Angeles. City of San Diego 2012. Storm Drain Insert Pilot Study. Prepared by URS. DOC ID# CSD-RT-12- URS43-03. May 25. DeCarlo, E. H., Y. Parry, and R. Morgenweck 2004. The efficiency of storm drain filters in removing pollutants from urban road runoff. Phase 3 and Final Report. University of Hawaii Department of Oceanography, Honolulu. EOA (2017). On-land Visual Trash Assessment Protocol for Stormwater: Protocol A – Street and Sidewalk Survey. Version 2.0. Prepared by EOA, Inc. September. http://eoainc.com/ovta_fc/. EOA (2018). On-land Visual Trash Assessment Protocol for Stormwater: Protocol B – Driving Survey. Version 2.0. Prepared by EOA, Inc. March. http://eoainc.com/ovta_fc/. EOA and Keish Environmental (2018). On-land Visual Trash Assessment Protocol for Stormwater: Protocol C – Area-based Survey. Version 1.0. Prepared by EOA, Inc and Keish Environmental. http://eoainc.com/ovta_fc/. EOA, Inc. 2015. On-land Visual Trash Assessment Protocol. Version 1.3. April. Lee, J. J., S. K. Shankar, and Z. Kou 2006. Hydraulic performance, pollutant removal efficiencies, and economic evaluation of catch basin insert devices. University of Southern California Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.

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Appendix A

State Water Resource Control Board Certified Trash Full Capture Systems

https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/trash_implementation.html

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Appendix B

Method Used to Substitute PLU Areas with Non-PLU Areas

A central element of the statewide Trash Amendments is the designation of land areas where cities, counties and other applicable public agencies will need to implement trash controls to reduce the levels of trash discharged from stormwater conveyances. Applicable land areas are based on land uses currently developed (i.e., not simply zoned) and presumed to generate high levels of trash. These areas are referred to as “Priority Land Uses, or PLUs” in the Trash Amendments. PLUs include all land areas currently developed as high density residential, industrial, commercial, mixed urban, and public transportation stations.

Because not all PLUs generate significant levels of trash and not all trash is generated solely from PLUs, the Amendments allow Permittees to propose alternative equivalent land uses that better represent high trash generation in their jurisdictional areas. Permittees can substitute one or more PLUs with alternate land uses that generate trash at rates equivalent to or greater than, the PLU being substituted. Substituting PLUs for land areas that generate trash allows Permittees the flexibility to focus enhanced controls on trash-prone areas within their communities, as opposed to treating areas just because they fall into one of the PLUs. The method that will be used by the City of Larkspur to substitute PLU areas is described below and an example of the substitution process is presented.

PLU Substitution Method Should PLU areas (or portions of areas) be substituted for Non-PLU areas, the City of Larkspur will use the following method:

1. Establish a baseline trash generation category for the Non-PLU area by conducting On-land Visual Trash Assessments (OVTAs), consistent with the method used to establish baseline for the PLU area being substituted. 2. Estimate the baseline volume of trash being generated by the Non-PLU area using the methods described in this Implementation Plan. 3. Compare the baseline volume of trash being generated by the Non-PLU area to the PLU area being substituted. If the volume from the Non-PLU area is greater or equal to the volume from the PLU area, then the substitution is allowed. If not, the substitution is not allowed.

All substitutions will be tracked and documented through updates to this Implementation Plan and/or through annual compliance reporting.

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Example PLU Substitution Scenario

A city is interested in substituting 40 acres of moderate trash generating PLU area with 10 acres of high trash generating Non-PLU area. Given that the estimated volumes (gallons) of trash generated from the two areas (i.e., 300 gallons) are equal, the substitution would be allowed.

Baseline Trash Generation Level Category Low Moderate High Very High Total

Annual Trash Generation Rate NA 7.5 30 100 - (gallons/acre)

PLU Area (Substituting for)

Acres - 40 - - 40

300 Gallons - - - 300 (7.5 x 40)

Non-PLU Area (Substituting with)

Acres - - 10 - 10

300 Gallons - - - 300 (30 x 10)

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