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Chapter 6 Street, Inlets, and Storm Drains Chapter 6 Street, Inlets, and Storm Drains Chapter 6 Street, Inlets, and Storm Drains Table of Contents 6-1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 6-1-1 Urban Conveyance System Components ........................................................................................... 1 6-1-2 Minor and Major Storms .................................................................................................................... 1 6-2 Street Drainage ................................................................................................................................. 2 6-2-1 Allowable Spread and Depth .............................................................................................................. 2 6-2-2 Inlet Location and Spacing ................................................................................................................. 3 6-2-3 Cross-Street Flow Conditions............................................................................................................. 3 6-2-4 Hydraulic Evaluation .......................................................................................................................... 3 6-3 Inlets ................................................................................................................................................ 10 6-3-1 Inlet Function and Selection ............................................................................................................. 10 6-3-2 Types of Inlets .................................................................................................................................. 11 6-3-3 General Design Guidelines ............................................................................................................... 11 6-3-4 Nuisance Flows ................................................................................................................................ 12 6-3-5 Hydraulic Evaluation of Inlets .......................................................................................................... 12 6-4 Storm Drain Systems ..................................................................................................................... 15 6-4-1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 15 6-4-2 Design Storms .................................................................................................................................. 16 6-4-3 Pipe Material, Size and Service Life ................................................................................................ 16 6-4-4 Other Storm Drain Design Considerations ....................................................................................... 17 6-4-5 Vertical Alignment ........................................................................................................................... 18 6-4-6 Horizontal Alignment ....................................................................................................................... 18 6-4-7 Easements ......................................................................................................................................... 18 6-4-8 Manholes .......................................................................................................................................... 19 6-4-9 Hydraulic Design .............................................................................................................................. 20 6-4-10 Hydraulic Calculations ..................................................................................................................... 21 6-5 Examples ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Tables Table 6-1. Allowable Street Encroachment and Depth of Flow .................................................................. 2 Table 6-2. Inlet selection considerations ................................................................................................... 11 Figures Figure-6-1. Gutter Section with Uniform Cross Slope ................................................................................ 4 Figure 6-2. Typical Gutter Section—Composite Cross Slope ..................................................................... 6 Figure 6-3. Calculation of Composite Street Section Capacity: Major Storm ............................................ 8 Figure 6-4. Reduction Factor for Gutter Flow (Guo 2000b) ....................................................................... 9 Figure 6-5. Typical V-Shaped Swale Section ............................................................................................ 10 October 2018 City of Durango 6-i Storm Drainage Design Criteria Manual Chapter 6 Street, Inlets, and Storm Drains 6-1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to provide design guidance for stormwater collection and conveyance utilizing streets and storm drains. Procedures and equations are presented for the hydraulic design of street drainage, locating inlets and determining capture capacity, and sizing storm drains. This chapter also includes discussion on placing inlets to minimize the potential for icing. 6-1-1 Urban Conveyance System Components Urban stormwater collection and conveyance systems are comprised of three primary components: 1. Street gutters and roadside swales, 2. Storm drain inlets, and 3. Storm drain pipes (with appurtenances such as manholes, junctions, etc.). Street gutters and roadside swales collect runoff from the street (and adjacent areas) and convey the runoff to a storm drain inlet while maintaining the street’s level of service. Inlets collect stormwater from streets and other land surfaces, transition the flow into storm drains, and provide maintenance access to the storm drain system. Storm drains convey stormwater in excess of street or swale capacity along the right-of-way and discharge into a stormwater management facility or directly into a receiving water body. All of these components must be designed properly to achieve the objectives of the stormwater collection and conveyance system. 6-1-2 Minor and Major Storms Rainfall events vary greatly in magnitude and frequency of occurrence. Major storms produce large flow rates but rarely occur. Minor storms produce smaller flow rates but occur more frequently. For economic reasons, stormwater collection and conveyance systems are not normally designed to pass the peak discharge during major storm events without some street flooding. Stormwater collection and conveyance systems are designed to pass the peak discharge of the minor storm event (and smaller events) with minimal disruption to street traffic. To accomplish this, the spread and depth of water on the street is limited to 6 inches during the minor storm event. Inlets must be strategically placed to pick up excess gutter or swale flow once the limiting allowable spread or depth of water is reached. The inlets collect and convey stormwater into storm drains, which are typically sized to pass the peak flow rate (minus the allowable street flow rate) from the minor storm without any surcharge. For the City of Durango, storm sewer inlets are to be sized and spaced to meet the 10-year minor storm event and the 100-yr major storm event allowable street encroachment and depth of flow requirements as shown in Table 6-1. In addition, storm sewer inlets should be sized to accept all flow generate by the 2-yr event with no bypass. October 2018 City of Durango 6-1 Storm Drainage Design Criteria Manual Street, Inlets, and Storm Drains Chapter 6 During the major storm event (100-yr storm), runoff exceeds the minor storm allowable spread and depth in the street and the capacity of storm drains and storm drains may surcharge. Street flooding occurs, and traffic is disrupted as the street functions as an open channel. The designer must evaluate and design for the major event with regard to maintaining public safety and minimizing flood damages. Guidance on major and minor storm design specifications can be found in the “City of Durango Development Standards for Public Improvements and Construction Specifications,” otherwise referred to as the Construction Specifications Manual hereafter. 6-2 Street Drainage 6-2-1 Allowable Spread and Depth Streets are typically given classifications such as local, collector, arterial. Street design standards for the City of Durango can be found in the Construction Specifications Manual. Other street cross-sections shall be reviewed and approved by the City Engineer. Allowable spread and depth for each street classification are presented in Table 6-1. In general, storm drain or surface drainage swales and culverts shall be installed when the carrying capacity of the street is exceeded. Table 6-1. Allowable Street Encroachment and Depth of Flow Minor Storm (10-year) Major Storm (100-year) Allowable Street Allowable Cross- Classification Allowable Encroachment Allowable Encroachment Cross-Street Street Flow Flow No curb overtopping; where no curbing exists, Depth of water in gutter 6 inch encroachment shall not shall not exceed the Local depth in be over property lines. adjacent ground line, crosspan. Flow may spread to unless buildings are flood 12 inch depth crown of street. proofed, or the depth of above gutter
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