Appendix 3. the P-GBSD Model the Present Study
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Groundwater Recharge from a Changing Landscape
ST. ANTHONY FALLS LABORATORY Engineering, Environmental and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Project Report No. 490 Groundwater Recharge from a Changing Landscape by Timothy Erickson and Heinz G. Stefan Prepared for Minnesota Pollution Control Agency St. Paul, Minnesota May, 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota The University of Minnesota is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, religion, color, sex, national origin, handicap, age or veteran status. 2 Abstract Urban development of rural and natural areas is an important issue and concern for many water resource management organizations and wildlife organizations. Change in groundwater recharge is one of the many effects of urbanization. Groundwater supplies to streams are necessary to sustain cold water organisms such as trout. An investigation of the changes of groundwater recharge associated with urbanization of rural and natural areas was conducted. The Vermillion River watershed, which is both a world class trout stream and on the fringes of the metro area of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, was used for a case study. Substantial changes in groundwater recharge could destroy the cold water habitat of trout. In this report we give first an overview of different methods available to estimate recharge. We then present in some detail two models to quantify the changes in recharge that can be expected in a developing area. We finally apply these two models to a tributary watershed of the Vermillion River. In this report we discuss several techniques that can be used to estimate groundwater recharge: (1) the recession-curve-displacement method and (2) the base-flow-separation method that both use only streamflow records (Rutledge 1993, Lee and Chen 2003); (3) a recharge map developed by the USGS for the state of Minnesota (Lorenz and Delin 2007); (4) a minimal recharge map developed by the Minnesota Geological Survey using statistical methods (Ruhl et al. -
Root Zone Salinity Modeling Within Kalaat El Andalous Irrigated District (Tunisia) Using Saltmod Model
Root zone salinity modeling within Kalaat El Andalous irrigated district (Tunisia) using SaltMod model Ahmed Saidi 1*, Moncef Hammami 2, Hedi Daghari 3, Hedi Ben Ali4, Amor Boughdiri 5 1,3 Carthage University, National Agronomic Institute of Tunis, 43 Charles Nicolle Street, Mahrajene City, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia 2,5 Carthage University, Higher Agronomic School of Mateur, Road of Tabarka, 7030 Mateur, Tunisia 4Agency of agricultural investment promotion, 6000 Gabes, Tunisia Abstract—SaltMod simulations indicate a slight change of root zone salinity remaining between 3 and 6 dS/m and do not causes risks to forage and cereal crops. However, such salinity is causing a yield decrease of 10 to 20% for tomato crop. During the next 10 years, groundwater water table depth will range between 1.33 and 1.76 m. and remains lower than that of the root zone (0.6 m). Therefore, groundwater table will not pose problems as long as we keep the same management conditions during this period. Moreover, the simulation of drainage system depth variation impacts on root zone salinity indicates that a decrease of drainage lines depth does not affect root zone salinity which remains constant (4.94 dS/m and 3.68 dS/m respectively during the first season and the second season). Regarding groundwater table depth, it is noted that there is a variation for each drainage lines depth variation and groundwater level is ranging from 1.26 to 0.26 m and 1.76 to 0.76 m during the first season and the second season respectively. Thus, optimum drainage lines depth corresponds to that for which salinity and groundwater level have acceptable values not threatening crops and generating minimum drainage flow. -
Miami-Dade County Drainage and Canals Flood Complaint Form
MIAMI-DADE COUNTY DRAINAGE AND CANALS FLOOD COMPLAINT FORM Service Request # _____________ Complaint Date Time AM PM Resident/Complainant Name Address Telephone Nearest Street Intersection of Flooding or Location of Flooding Is this the first time you report this? Yes No If No, date PLEASE SELECT ONLY ONE (1) COMPLAINT TYPE AND ANSWER RELATED QUESTIONS FOR BETTER SERVICE Type of Complaint 302 Clogged Storm Drain Is the water on top of drain now? Yes No How long does it take for the water to drain? What is the exact location of the drain? Is the area a new development? Yes No Was there a recent drainage project in the area? Yes No 303 Standing Water (No Drain) How deep is the water? How hard did it rain? Light Moderate Heavy Is your property flooded? Yes No Is your property in a new development? Yes No Where is the nearest drain? Flooding/Standing Water (Localized) Is the water flooding the inside of your residence? Yes No Is the water in your driveway / swale? Yes No Is the water across the roadway? Yes No Is it affecting traffic? Yes No How long does the water remain after rainfall? Page 1 of 2 MIAMI-DADE COUNTY DRAINAGE AND CANALS FLOOD COMPLAINT FORM Canal Complaints Solid waste (floating debris, bottles, cans, etc.) present Aquatic vegetation overgrown Needs mowing / treating vegetation on canal bank Bank instability due to Erosion / Collapses are present Culvert cleaning needed Damaged culvert / Headwall Encroachment of Easement / Right of Way Cutting / trimming of trees on a canal Right of Way needed Damaged Guardrails / Fence Canal Signs damaged / down Other Other Nature of Complaint For more information, call (305) 372-6688 Page 2 of 2 . -
Acid Sulfate Soil Materials
Site contamination —acid sulfate soil materials Issued November 2007 EPA 638/07: This guideline has been prepared to provide information to those involved in activities that may disturb acid sulfate soil materials (including soil, sediment and rock), the identification of these materials and measures for environmental management. What are acid sulfate soil materials? Acid sulfate soil materials is the term applied to soils, sediment or rock in the environment that contain elevated concentrations of metal sulfides (principally pyriteFeS2 or monosulfides in the form of iron sulfideFeS), which generate acidic conditions when exposed to oxygen. Identified impacts from this acidity cause minerals in soils to dissolve and liberate soluble and colloidal aluminium and iron, which may potentially impact on human health and the environment, and may also result in damage to infrastructure constructed on acid sulfate soil materials. Drainage of peaty acid sulfate soil material also results in the substantial production of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The oxidation of metal sulfides is a function of natural weathering processes. This process is slow however, and, generally, weathering alone does not pose an environmental concern. The rate of acid generation is increased greatly through human activities which expose large amounts of soil to air (eg via excavation processes). This is most commonly associated with (but not necessarily confined to) mining activities. Soil horizons that contain sulfides are called ‘sulfidic materials’ (Isbell 1996; Soil Survey Staff 2003) and can be environmentally damaging if exposed to air by disturbance. Exposure results in the oxidation of pyrite. This process transforms sulfidic material to sulfuric material when, on oxidation, the material develops a pH 4 or less (Isbell 1996; Soil Survey Staff 2003). -
Drainage Water Management R
doi:10.2489/jswc.67.6.167A RESEARCH INTRODUCTION Drainage water management R. Wayne Skaggs, Norman R. Fausey, and Robert O. Evans his article introduces a series of the most productive in the world. Drainage needed. Drainage water management, or papers that report results of field ditches or subsurface drains (tile or plastic controlled drainage, emerged as an effec- T studies to determine the effec- drain tubing) are used to remove excess tive practice for reducing losses of N in tiveness of drainage water management water and lower water tables, improve traf- drainage waters in the 1970s and 1980s. (DWM) on conserving drainage water ficability so that field operations can be The practice is inherently based on the and reducing losses of nitrogen (N) to sur- done in a timely manner, prevent water fact that the same drainage intensity is face waters. The series is focused on the logging, and increase yields. Drainage is not required all the time. It is possible to performance of the DWM (also called also needed to manage soil salinity in irri- dramatically reduce drainage rates during controlled drainage [CD]) practice in the gated arid and semiarid croplands. some parts of the year, such as the winter US Midwest, where N leached from mil- Drainage has been used to enhance crop months, without negatively affecting crop lions of acres of cropland contributes to production since the time of the Roman production. Drainage water management surface water quality problems on both Empire, and probably earlier (Luthin may also be used after the crop is planted local and national scales. -
Water Balances
On website waterlog.info Agricultural hydrology is the study of water balance components intervening in agricultural water management, especially in irrigation and drainage/ Illustration of some water balance components in the soil Contents • 1. Water balance components • 1.1 Surface water balance 1.2 Root zone water balance 1.3 Transition zone water balance 1.4 Aquifer water balance • 2. Speficic water balances 2.1 Combined balances 2.2 Water table outside transition zone 2.3 Reduced number of zones 2.4 Net and excess values 2.5 Salt Balances • 3. Irrigation and drainage requirements • 4. References • 5. Internet hyper links Water balance components The water balance components can be grouped into components corresponding to zones in a vertical cross-section in the soil forming reservoirs with inflow, outflow and storage of water: 1. the surface reservoir (S) 2. the root zone or unsaturated (vadose zone) (R) with mainly vertical flows 3. the aquifer (Q) with mainly horizontal flows 4. a transition zone (T) in which vertical and horizontal flows are converted The general water balance reads: • inflow = outflow + change of storage and it is applicable to each of the reservoirs or a combination thereof. In the following balances it is assumed that the water table is inside the transition zone. If not, adjustments must be made. Surface water balance The incoming water balance components into the surface reservoir (S) are: 1. Rai - Vertically incoming water to the surface e.g.: precipitation (including snow), rainfall, sprinkler irrigation 2. Isu - Horizontally incoming surface water. This can consist of natural inundation or surface irrigation The outgoing water balance components from the surface reservoir (S) are: 1. -
Surface Water and Groundwater Interactions in Traditionally Irrigated Fields in Northern New Mexico, U.S.A
water Article Surface Water and Groundwater Interactions in Traditionally Irrigated Fields in Northern New Mexico, U.S.A. Karina Y. Gutiérrez-Jurado 1, Alexander G. Fernald 2, Steven J. Guldan 3 and Carlos G. Ochoa 4,* 1 School of the Environment, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; karina.gutierrez@flinders.edu.au 2 Water Resources Research Institute, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; [email protected] 3 Sustainable Agriculture Science Center, New Mexico State University, Alcalde, NM 87511, USA; [email protected] 4 Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-541-737-0933 Academic Editor: Ashok K. Chapagain Received: 18 December 2016; Accepted: 3 February 2017; Published: 10 February 2017 Abstract: Better understanding of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) interactions and water balances has become indispensable for water management decisions. This study sought to characterize SW-GW interactions in three crop fields located in three different irrigated valleys in northern New Mexico by (1) estimating deep percolation (DP) below the root zone in flood-irrigated crop fields; and (2) characterizing shallow aquifer response to inputs from DP associated with irrigation. Detailed measurements of irrigation water application, soil water content fluctuations, crop field runoff, and weather data were used in the water budget calculations for each field. Shallow wells were used to monitor groundwater level response to DP inputs. The amount of DP was positively and significantly related to the total amount of irrigation water applied for the Rio Hondo and Alcalde sites, but not for the El Rito site. -
The Groundwater Recharge Function of Small Wetlands in the Semi-Arid Northern Prairies
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences Great Plains Studies, Center for Spring 1998 The Groundwater Recharge Function of Small Wetlands in the Semi-Arid Northern Prairies Garth van der Kamp National Hydrology Research Institute, Environment Canada Masaki Hayashi University of Calgary, Canada Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons van der Kamp, Garth and Hayashi, Masaki, "The Groundwater Recharge Function of Small Wetlands in the Semi-Arid Northern Prairies" (1998). Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences. 366. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/366 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Great Plains Research 8 (Spring 1998):39-56 © Copyright by the Center for Great Plains Studies THE GROUNDWATER RECHARGE FUNCTION OF SMALL WETLANDS IN THE SEMI-ARID NORTHERN PRAIRIES Garth van der Kamp National Hydrology Research Institute, Environment Canada 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 3H5 and Masaki Hayashi Department ofGeology and Geophysics, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB Canada T2N IN4 Abstract. Small wetlands in the semi-arid northern prairie region are focal pointsfor groundwater recharge. Hence the groundwater recharge function of the wetlands is an important consideration in development of wetland conservation policies. -
17 Major Drainage Basins
HUC 8 HYDROLOGIC UNIT NAME CLINTON 04120101 Chautauqua-Conneaut FRANKLIN 04150409 CHAMPLAIN MASSENA FORT COVINGTON MOOERS ST LAWRENCE CLINTON 04120102 Cattaraugus BOMBAY WESTVILLE CONSTABLE CHATEAUGAY NYS Counties & BURKE LOUISVILLE 04120103 Buffalo-Eighteenmile BRASHER 04150308 CHAZY ALTONA ELLENBURG BANGOR WADDINGTON NORFOLK MOIRA 04120104 Niagara ESSEX MALONE DEC Regions JEFFERSON 6 04150307 BEEKMANTOWN MADRID 05010001 Upper Allegheny LAWRENCE BELLMONT STOCKHOLM DANNEMORA BRANDON DICKINSON PLATTSBURGH LEWIS OGDENSBURG CITY LISBON 05010002 Conewango 5 PLATTSBURGH CITY HAMILTON POTSDAM SCHUYLER FALLS SARANAC 05010004 French WARREN OSWEGATCHIE DUANE OSWEGO 04150306 PERU 04130001 Oak Orchard-Twelvemile CANTON PARISHVILLE ORLEANS WASHINGTON NIAGARA DE PEYSTER ONEIDA MORRISTOWN HOPKINTON WAVERLY PIERREPONT FRANKLIN 04140101 Irondequoit-Ninemile AUSABLE MONROE WAYNE BLACK BROOK FULTON SARATOGA DEKALB HERKIMER BRIGHTON GENESEE SANTA CLARA CHESTERFIELD 04140102 Salmon-Sandy ONONDAGA NYS Major 04150406 MACOMB 04150304 HAMMOND ONTARIO MADISON MONTGOMERY RUSSELL 04150102 Chaumont-Perch ERIE SENECA CAYUGA SCHENECTADY HERMON WILLSBORO ST ARMAND WILMINGTON JAY WYOMING GOUVERNEUR RENSSELAER ALEXANDRIA CLARE LIVINGSTON YATES 04130002 Upper Genesee OTSEGO ROSSIE COLTON CORTLAND ALBANY ORLEANS 04150301 04150404 SCHOHARIE ALEXANDRIA LEWIS 7 EDWARDS 04150408 CHENANGO FOWLER ESSEX 04130003 Lower Genesee 8 TOMPKINS CLAYTON SCHUYLER 9 4 THERESA 04150302 TUPPER LAKE HARRIETSTOWN NORTH ELBA CHAUTAUQUA CATTARAUGUS PIERCEFIELD 02050104 Tioga ALLEGANY STEUBEN -
Pine Knot Mine Drainage Tunnel –
QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF STREAM WATER DRAINING MINED AREAS OF THE UPPER SCHUYLKILL RIVER BASIN, SCHUYLKILL COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, USA, 2005-20071 Charles A. Cravotta III,2 and John M. Nantz Abstract: Hydrologic effects of abandoned anthracite mines were documented by continuous streamflow gaging coupled with synoptic streamflow and water- quality monitoring in headwater reaches and at the mouths of major tributaries in the upper Schuylkill River Basin, Pa., during 2005-2007. Hydrograph separation of the daily average streamflow for 10 streamflow-gaging stations was used to evaluate the annual streamflow characteristics for October 2005 through September 2006. Maps showing stream locations and areas underlain by underground mines were used to explain the differences in total annual runoff, base flow, and streamflow yields (streamflow/drainage area) for the gaged watersheds. For example, one stream that had the lowest yield (59.2 cm/yr) could have lost water to an underground mine that extended beneath the topographic watershed divide, whereas the neighboring stream that had the highest yield (97.3 cm/yr) gained that water as abandoned mine drainage (AMD). Although the stream-water chemistry and fish abundance were poor downstream of this site and others where AMD was a major source of streamflow, the neighboring stream that had diminished streamflow met relevant in-stream water-quality criteria and supported a diverse fish community. If streamflow losses could be reduced, natural streamflow and water quality could be maintained in the watersheds with lower than normal yields. Likewise, stream restoration could lead to decreases in discharges of AMD from underground mines, with potential for decreased metal loading and corresponding improvements in downstream conditions. -
Dissertation Simulating the Fate And
DISSERTATION SIMULATING THE FATE AND TRANSPORT OF SALINITY SPECIES IN A SEMI- ARID AGRICULTURAL GROUNDWATER SYSTEM: MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION Submitted by Saman Tavakoli Kivi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2018 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Ryan T. Bailey Co-Advisor: Timothy K. Gates Michael J. Ronayne Aditi Bhaskar Copyright by Saman Tavakoli Kivi 2018 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT SIMULATING THE FATE AND TRANSPORT OF SALINITY SPECIES IN A SEMI- ARID AGRICULTURAL GROUNDWATER SYSTEM: MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION Many irrigated agricultural areas worldwide suffer from salinization of soil, groundwater, and nearby river systems. Increased salinity concentrations, which can lead to decreased crop yield, are due principally to the presence of salt minerals and high rates of evapotranspiration. High groundwater salt loading to nearby river systems also affects downstream areas when saline river water is diverted for additional uses. Irrigation-induced salinity is the principal water quality problem in the semi-arid region of the western United States due to the extensive background quantities of salt in rocks and soils. Due to the importance of the problem and the complex hydro-chemical processes involved in salinity fate and transport, a physically-based spatially-distributed numerical model is needed to assess soil and groundwater salinity at the regional scale. Although several salinity transport models have been developed in recent decades, these models focus on salt species at the small scale (i.e. soil profile or field), and no attempts thus far have been made at simulating the fate, storage, and transport of individual interacting salt ions at the regional scale within a river basin. -
Effects of Irrigation Performance on Water Balance: Krueng Baro Irri- Gation Scheme (Aceh-Indonesia) As a Case Study
DOI: 10.2478/jwld-2019-0040 © Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Committee on Agronomic Sciences JOURNAL OF WATER AND LAND DEVELOPMENT Section of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering in Agriculture, 2019 2019, No. 42 (VII–IX): 12–20 © Institute of Technology and Life Sciences (ITP), 2019 PL ISSN 1429–7426, e-ISSN 2083-4535 Available (PDF): http://www.itp.edu.pl/wydawnictwo/journal; http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jwld; http://journals.pan.pl/jwld Received 07.12.2018 Reviewed 05.03.2019 Accepted 07.03.2019 Effects of irrigation performance on water balance: A – study design B – data collection Krueng Baro Irrigation Scheme (Aceh-Indonesia) C – statistical analysis D – data interpretation E – manuscript preparation as a case study F – literature search Azmeri AZMERI1) ABCDEF , Alfiansyah YULIANUR2) AD, Uli ZAHRATI3) BC, Imam FAUDLI4) BC 1) orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-036X; Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department Jl. Tgk. Syeh Abdul Rauf No. 7, Darussalam – Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected] 2) orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-1792; Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected] 3) orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-8193; Office of River Region of Sumatra-I, Lueng Bata, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; e-mail: [email protected] 4) orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-3449; Hydrology and hydraulics consultant; e-mail: [email protected] For citation: Azmeri A., Yulianur A., Zahrati U., Faudli I. 2019. Effects of irrigation performance on water balance: Krueng Baro Irri- gation Scheme (Aceh-Indonesia) as a case study.