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Fortuita Misericordia: Luther on the Unchosen Figures in the Patriarchal History As Shown in His Lectures on Genesis

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Fortuita Misericordia: Luther on the Unchosen Figures in the Patriarchal History As Shown in His Lectures on Genesis Concordia Seminary - Saint Louis Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Concordia Seminary Scholarship 5-21-2021 Fortuita Misericordia: Luther on the Unchosen Figures in the Patriarchal History as shown in his Lectures on Genesis Chan-U "Vincent" Kam [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.csl.edu/phd Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, History of Christianity Commons, Intellectual History Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Kam, Chan-U "Vincent", "Fortuita Misericordia: Luther on the Unchosen Figures in the Patriarchal History as shown in his Lectures on Genesis" (2021). Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation. 91. https://scholar.csl.edu/phd/91 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Concordia Seminary Scholarship at Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Resources from Concordia Seminary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FORTUITA MISERICORDIA: LUTHER ON THE UNCHOSEN FIGURES IN THE PATRIARCHAL HISTORY AS SHOWN IN HIS LECTURES ON GENESIS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Department of Historical Theology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Chan-U “Vincent” Kam April, 2021 Approved by: Erik H. Herrmann Dissertation Advisor Robert A. Kolb Reader Thomas J. Egger Reader © 2021 by Chan-U Kam. All rights reserved. ii This dissertation is dedicated to my beloved family: Linda—wonderful wife, my better half William & Anthony—awesome kids, my source of joy iii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... ix ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................ xiii CHAPTER ONE A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF MODERN SCHOLARSHIP ON LUTHER’S LECTURES ON GENESIS ........................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE QUESTION ............................................................... 2 THE DISSERTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT SCHOLARSHIP ............... 10 THE METHOD .................................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER TWO THE RESHAPING OF THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PEOPLE OF GOD IN LUTHER’S THEOLOGY ............................................................................................. 16 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 16 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE MEDIEVAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PEOPLE OF GOD .................................................................................................................................... 16 Medieval Concept of Human Being: Virtuous Life Formed in Love ........................ 16 Medieval Concept of the People of God: Caritas–Ecclesiology ............................... 19 LUTHER’S REFORMATIONAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE PEOPLE OF GOD .... 21 Luther’s Understanding of Human Identity: Righteous by Faith Alone ................... 22 An Evangelical Redefinition of the Saints: Luther’s New Hagiology ...................... 31 Luther’s Understanding of the People of God: Fides–Ecclesiology ......................... 37 A Different Evaluation of the Unchosen: Luther’s Unique View of the Rejected .... 38 CHAPTER THREE UNCHOSEN AS OUTSIDERS OF SALVATION IN CHURCH TRADITION ................................................................................................................................ 44 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 44 iv UNCHOSEN AS JEW: THE PROBLEM OF IDENTITY ................................................ 45 The Early Church ....................................................................................................... 45 Augustine (354–430) ................................................................................................. 50 Summary: Disinheriting the Jews .............................................................................. 55 UNCHOSEN AS SCHISMATICS: THE PROBLEM OF BOUNDARY ......................... 56 The Early Church ....................................................................................................... 57 Augustine ................................................................................................................... 59 Summary: Triumph of Catholicism ........................................................................... 63 UNCHOSEN AS IDOLATERS: THE PROBLEM OF PAGANISM ............................... 63 Hermetic Tradition ..................................................................................................... 65 The Early Church ....................................................................................................... 66 Augustine ................................................................................................................... 71 Early Middle Ages ..................................................................................................... 81 High Middle Ages ..................................................................................................... 85 Late Middle Ages ...................................................................................................... 97 Literati of the 14th century (Dante, Boccaccio) ................................................ 98 Theologians of Different Persuasions (Holcot and Bradwardine) ................. 100 Renaissance Humanists of the 15th century (Ficino, Pico, Marzio) ............... 104 Humanists of the 16th century (Erasmus, Zwingli) ......................................... 106 Summary: An Unsettling Problem .......................................................................... 107 Opinions concerning the Knowledge of God ................................................. 107 Opinions concerning the Virtue of Pagans ..................................................... 108 Opinions concerning the Salvation of the Virtuous Pagans ........................... 109 v CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 110 CHAPTER FOUR CAIN: THE MURDERER WHO RECEIVED MERCY .......................... 111 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 111 THE BIRTH OF CAIN AND ABEL: LUTHER’S VIEW ON PRIMOGENITURE (GEN. 4:1–2) ................................................................................................................................ 111 THE PROTOTYPE OF THE TRUE AND FALSE CHURCH (GEN. 4:3–5) ................. 115 THE KILLING OF ABEL AND THE PUNISHMENT OF CAIN (GEN. 4:6–9) ........... 119 FORTUITA MISERICORDIA: LUTHER ON CAIN’S FINALE (GEN. 4:10–17) .......... 124 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 136 CHAPTER FIVE HAGAR AND ISHMAEL: HEARD BY A MERCIFUL GOD ................. 139 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 139 THE REPENTANCE OF HAGAR AND THE BIRTH OF ISHMAEL (GEN. 16:1–16)140 THE INSTITUTION OF CIRCUMCISION AND THE ROLE OF ISHMAEL IN SALVATION HISTORY (GEN. 17:1–27) ...................................................................... 146 THE EXPULSION OF HAGAR AND ISHMAEL (GEN. 21:1–21) ............................... 156 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 168 CHAPTER SIX ESAU: MERCY EXTENDED TO THE REPROBATE ............................... 171 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 171 THE BIRTH OF ESAU AND JACOB AND THE TRADE FOR PRIMOGENITURE: GEN. 25:19–34 ................................................................................................................. 172 THE TRANSFERAL OF THE BLESSING AND THE REUNION OF THE BROTHERS: GENESIS 27 AND 33 ...................................................................................................... 189 ESAU’S DESCENDANTS AND THE BLESSINGS THEY RECEIVED (GEN. 36) ... 197 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 205 CHAPTER SEVEN JOSEPH AND THE EGYPTIANS: THE MINISTERS OF THE WORD WHO CHANNELED GOD’S MERCY TO THE UNCHOSEN .............................................. 207 vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 207 THE PROMINENCE OF MINISTRY OF THE WORD ................................................. 208 MINISTERS OF THE WORD BEFORE JOSEPH: CAIN’S WIFE, NOAH, ABRAHAM, ISAAC, AND JACOB .....................................................................................................
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