DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphophonological Processes in the Noun: a Case Study of the Benadiri Dialect of Somali

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphophonological Processes in the Noun: a Case Study of the Benadiri Dialect of Somali MORPHOPHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE NOUN: A CASE STUDY OF THE BENADIRI DIALECT OF SOMALI By ABDIRASAK DAHIR SULUB REG.NO. C50/10198/2018 A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LINGUISTICS, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI JULY, 2020 DECLARATION This project is my original work and has never been submitted for examination to any other university. ………………………………….. ………………………….......... ABDIRASAK DAHIR SULUB Date This Research Project has been submitted for examination with our approval as the university supervisors. …………………….................. ............................................... Prof. JANE AKINYI NGALA ODUOR Date …………………………………… ….……………………............... Dr. MOHAMED ABDULMAJID AKIDAH Date ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to My lovely mother Fatima Ali Owabdi My lovely wife Kadija Omar My lovely children, Mohammed Fatima Aisha Anas Asma And All my brothers and sisters They endured my long period of absence from home iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors, Prof. Jane A. Ngala Oduor and Dr. Mohamed Abdulmajid Akidah for spending their precious time correcting my work. I also thank them for preparing me to be academically competent and to achieve my goal in this study. Many thanks go to Prof. Schröder Helga and Dr. Buregeya Alfred for coaching me in the various aspects of linguistics which served as a base for my success in this research work. I would also like to thank my fellow graduate students in the Department of Linguistics and Languages for providing the warmest environment that made the past two years an enjoyable experience. Some of these students deserve mentioning. They are Mr. Eric Osotsi, Mr. Brian Walumbe, Ms. Messy Soy, and Ms. Janice Makena. I benefited a lot from them through group discussions. I thank my respondents for their cooperation and the help they accorded to me in the course of data collection. They are Mr. Aweys Hussein, Mr. Abdiwali Addow, Kadija Omar, Deka Mohamoud, Matt Omar, Jibril Ibrahim, Bashir Yousuf, Idil Warsame, Ayan Yousuf, Jamal Omar and Hanad Warsame. They devoted their time to the study and allowed me to interview them without objection. Their contribution to this study shall always remain fresh in my mind. In a special way, I thank my wife, Kadija Omar Mohammed for shouldering the responsibility of taking care of our children and my in-laws during the course of my studies, thus giving me time and peace of mind to study. I also thank my sister, Deka Dahir and her husband Abdiwali Adan Ali for accommodating me during my studies in Nairobi. Thank you very much. God bless you all. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS Aff Affix AP Autosegmental Phonology C Consonant H high tone IPA International Phonetic Alphabet L low tone LP Lexical Phonology LR Lexical representation Pl plural PR Phonetic representation Sfs suffix Sg Singular Syll Syllable V Vowel VV long vowel ➞ Becomes > changes to // Phonemic (underlying representation) ~ Alternate with [ ] Phonetic representation # Word boundary v Table of Contents Declaration.....................................................................................................................ii Dedication………………………………………………………………..……...........iii Acknowledgement……………………………………………………..………...........iv List of Abbreviations and Symbols……………………………………………...........vi List of Tables…………………………………………………………………….......viii Abstract………………………………………………………………………............xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………….................1 1.1 Background to the Study……………………………………………........................1 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem………………………………………...............3 1.3 Research Questions…………………………………………………………............3 1.4 Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………..............4 1.5 Justification of the Study…………………………………………………................4 1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study……………………….………………..............4 1.7 Definition of concepts……………………………………………............................5 1.8 Literature Review……………………...………………………………....................5 1.8.1 Literature Review on Benadiri and related Works..................................................5 1.8.2 Review of Theorectical Literature...........................................................................7 1.9 1. Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………...............7 1.9.1.1 Lexical Phonology………………………….......................................................8 1.9.1.2 The Principles of Levels………….………….........................……..……...........8 1.9.1.3 The Principles of Ordering of Affixes…………..........................………...........10 1.9.1.4 The Level Ordering principles……………….........................…………............11 1.9.1.5. Principles of Neutral and Non-neutral Affixes...................................................12 1.9.1.6. The Bracket Erasure Convention........................................................................14 vi 1.9.2 Auto-segmental Phonology.....................................................................................14 1.10 Research Methodology…………..…………………………………………..........16 1.10.1 Data Collection Procedures………………………………..................................16 1.10.2 Data Analysis Procedures..........................……...…………………....................16 CHAPTER TWO: A PHONEMIC INVENTORY OF BENADIRI SOUNDS...................17 2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………........................17 2.2 Benadiri Consonants……………………………………………………..................17 2.2.1 Nasals……………………………………………........................…………..........19 2.2.2 Stops……………………………………………………………............................19 2.2.3 Fricatives………………………………………………………….........................22 2.2.4 Affricates…...………………………………………………………......................24 2.2.5 Glides.............………..………………………………………………....................24 2.2.6 Trills………………………..………………………………………......................25 2.2.7 Laterals........................................…………………………………………............25 2.3 Vowels…………………………………………..........................………………......25 2.3.1 Front vowels………………………........................……………………………....26 2.3.2 Back vowels………………………………........................…………………….....27 2.3.3 Diphthongs……………………………………………........................……….......27 2.4 The Syllable Structure of Benadiri Dialect...............................................…..............28 2.5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………..........................30 CHAPTER THREE: LEXICAL MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN BENADIRI DIALECT..........................................................................................................................31 3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................31 vii 3.2 Proposed Levels of Analysis.......................................................................................31 3.3. The Ordering of Affixes in the Benadiri Lexicon......................................................31 3.3.1 Level 2 Morphological Processes in Benadiri (Inflectional processes) .................32 3.3.1.1 Formation of the Definite Noun............................................................................32 3.3.1.2 Inflection for Number ( Singular and Plural)........................................................33 3.4.Level 1 Morphological Processes in Benadiri (Derivational Processes).....................34 3.4.1 Derivation of the Subject from Verbs (V→N)........................................................34 3.4.2. Derivation of Nouns from Adjectives (Adj →N)....................................................37 3.4.3 Derivation of Nouns from Nouns (N→N)................................................................38 3.5 Conclusion...................................................................................................................39 CHAPTER FOUR:LEXICAL PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN BENADIRI DIALECT..........40 4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………..................40 4.2. Consonant Processes in Noun Plural Formation.......………………..........................40 4.2.1. Consonant Weakening..............……………….......................................................40 4.2.2 Consonant Substitution.............................................................................................44 4.2.3 Consonant Insertion..................................................................................................46 4.3. Vowel Processes in Noun Plural Formation...............................................................47 4.3.1Vowel Deletion…………………………..................................................................47 4.3.2 Vowel Lowering……………………………….......................................................48 4.4. Conclusion……………………………………………..............................................50 CHAPTER FIVE: TONAL CHANGES IN BENADIRI DIALECT....................................51 5.1. Introduction…………………………………………………...…………..................51 viii 5.2. Tone as a Lexical Function……………………………………………...…..............51 5.3. Tonal Changes in Plural Formation............................................................................52 5.4. Tone in Gender specification......................................................................................55 5.5. Conclusion………………………………………………...………...........................57 CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...................58 6.1 Summary of the Findings………………………………………………....................58 6.2 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….......................58 6.3 Recommendations………………………………………………………...................59
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 a Theoretical Synopsis of Evolutionary Phonology
    A Theoretical Synopsis of Evolutionary Phonology Juliette Blevins Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 1. AN OVERVIEW OF EVOLUTIONARY PHONOLOGY 1.1 EXPLAINING SOUND PATTERNS. Phonology is the study of sound patterns of the world’s languages. In all spoken languages, we find sound patterns characterizing the composition of words and phrases. These patterns include overall properties of contrastive sound inventories (e.g. vowel inventories, consonant inventories, tone inventories), as well as patterns determining the distribution of sounds or contrastive features of sounds (stress, tone, length, voicing, place of articulation, etc.), and their variable realization in different contexts (alternations). A speaker's implicit knowledge of these patterns is often evident in their extension to novel items and in experiments probing phonological well-formedness. This implicit knowledge - its content, formalization, and representation, - is the central focus of modern theoretical phonology, including generative phonology and many of its derivatives (natural phonology, government phonology, dependency phonology, optimality theory). However, just as important as speaker's implicit knowledge of sound patterns are explanations for the distribution of sound patterns across attested spoken languages. Some sound patterns, are extremely common, while others are rare. Some examples of recurrent sound patterns involving segment/feature inventories, distribution, and alternations are listed in (1). The sound patterns in (1i,iii,iv,v,viii) are exceptionless across the world's attested spoken languages, while those in (1ii, vi, vii, ix-xii) are recurrent and frequent. Exceptionlesss patterns like (1i) are sometimes regarded as 'linguistic universals' (1i), while common patterns like (1ii) are often viewed as 'universal tendencies'. (1) Some recurrent sound patterns in the world's languages1 Inventories i.
    [Show full text]
  • Davis, S. Metaphonological Ability in Low-Literate Adult Somali English Language Learners (2009)
    Davis, S. Metaphonological Ability in Low-literate Adult Somali English Language Learners (2009) This is a study of metaphonological ability in low-literate adult Somali English Language Learners (ELLs). It asks the questions: To what extent are non-literate Somali adult English language learners able to identify and manipulate word-initial phonemes and syllables? To what extent do they identify rhyme, especially when juxtaposed with semantically-related content? Will they perform differently on a phonological fluency task than on a semantic fluency task? Studies with low-literate adult ELLs by Elaine Tarone and Martha Bigelow, as well as studies produced by the Low-Educated Second Language and Literacy Acquisition [LESLLA] forum were the biggest influences on this study. The study is a quantitative, one-shot design, involving six female low-literate adult Somali students from an adult ESL program in Minnesota. The only identifiable factor affecting their performance on the metaphonological ability testing was the amount of schooling they received in childhood. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee members for their time, their careful, thoughtful editing and suggestions, and their encouragement. They are brilliant and I am so very grateful for them. I would also like to thank the teachers and staff at the school where the research was performed. They were very open to me and to this research, and also very flexible and willing to give of their time. I would like to thank my interpreters for their time, their expertise, and their valuable insight. Finally, I would like to thank my participants for being willing to give of their time, performing language tasks that were very new and unusual to them, for the sake of improving language instruction for future language learners.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oslo Dialect of Somali Tonal Adaptations of Norwegian Loanwords
    The Oslo Dialect of Somali Tonal adaptations of Norwegian loanwords Nina Hagen Kaldhol LING4190 MA thesis in linguistics Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Spring 2017 The Oslo Dialect of Somali Tonal adaptations of Norwegian loanwords Nina Hagen Kaldhol LING4190 MA thesis in linguistics Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Spring 2017 © Nina Hagen Kaldhol, 2017 The Oslo Dialect of Somali Tonal adaptations of Norwegian loanwords Nina Hagen Kaldhol http://www.duo.uio.no Printed: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo iv Abstract This thesis presents the first linguistic investigation of the Somali language as it is spo- ken in Norway. The goal is to describe what happens to Norwegian words when they are borrowed by Somali speakers. Both languages have simple tone systems, and this study explores what happens when these two systems meet: Do Norwegian loanwords show the same tone patterns as native Somali words, or is Norwegian tone preserved when words are borrowed by Somali speakers? Previous research on loanword prosody suggests that the former is likely when the recipi- ent language has strong restrictions on tone. In Somali, the distribution of tone is governed by and predictable from grammatical features, so the same principle may apply here. How- ever, previous research also suggests that such restrictions may be violated in loanwords in situations of intimate language contact. The speakers in the present study are bilinguals liv- ing in Norway, and use both Norwegian and Somali every day. Therefore, their borrowing provides a test case for these two competing possibilities. The material presented here was collected during fieldwork in Oslo, and consists of spon- taneous speech from nine native Somali speakers, in addition to some elicited forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Irene Fatayi-Williams (1920-1995)
    A QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER FOR AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION MEMBERS FROM THE SECRETARIAT ... ASA OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 1996 National holidays are of course nothing new in Nigeria, but this summer the sky reverberated with merriment as news spread across OFFICERS the great nation that Nigeria had trounced Argentina 3 to 2 in men's President: Iris Berger (SUNY-Albany) football, winning Olympic gold, The big news from Atlanta was the Vice-President: Gwendolyn Mikell (Georgetown Univ) Olympics, as was the big news in Africa, The athletes from the 52 competing African nations won 34 medals, including II gold. Past President: Goran Hyden (University of Florida) Africa's best performance yet! Who could forget Josia Thugwane's Treasurer: Carol Eastman (University of Hawai'i) moving dedication of his gold medal win in the men's marathon to Executive Director: Chris Koch (University of Nairobi) "my country, and to President Mandela." Memorable also was the amazing performance of Nigeria's Chioma Ajunwa in the women's DIRECTORS long-jump as she leapt into the history books with her nation's RETIRING IN 1996 first-ever gold medal. Unforgettable was Burundi's ray of sunshine Robert Bates (Harvard University) Venuste Niyongabo as he spirited away gold in the men's 5,000m Carolyn Brown (Rutgers University) run. The list goes on and on. The Atlanta games also marked the first time there has been an official African Olympic House in a host city. Nancy Schmidt (Indiana University) Just in case you are wondering, the Atlanta games were the first time RETIRING IN 1997 the Olympic flame has passed the ASA Secretariat and you better Robert Harms (Yale University) believe that we were all out front to welcome it.
    [Show full text]
  • Friction Between Phonetics and Phonology the Status of Affricates
    Friction between Phonetics and Phonology The status of affricates Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 5775 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl ISBN: 978-94-6093-122-2 NUR 616 Copyright © 2013 by Janine Berns. All rights reserved. Friction between Phonetics and Phonology The status of affricates Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. mr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 8 november 2013 om 10.30 uur precies door Janine Katharina Maria Berns geboren op 18 juni 1985 te Kerkrade Promotoren: Prof. dr. Haike Jacobs Prof. dr. Bernard Laks (Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense) Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. Anneke Neijt Prof. dr. Barbara Bullock (University of Texas) Prof. dr. Marie-Hélène Côté (University of Ottawa) Prof. dr. Frans Hinskens (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) Prof. dr. Jeroen van de Weijer (Shanghai International Studies University) “As a rule,” said Holmes, “the more bizarre a thing is the less mysterious it proves to be”. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, The Red-headed League. (1891) Acknowledgements I would like to dedicate the very first lines of this thesis to my two supervisors, Haike Jacobs and Bernard Laks. Haike, thank you for giving me the freedom to develop my own interests and insights, but also for being there with your enlightening comments when I felt lost or when I was complicating things too much.
    [Show full text]
  • Minimality, Margins, and Metrical Structure: More on the Mora in Somali Christopher R
    Minimality, margins, and metrical structure: More on the mora in Somali Christopher R. Green Syracuse University jj [email protected] April 2021 jj ACAL 51-52 1 Introduction The mora (µ) is the Somali tone bearing unit (TBU), as established in works like Hyman (1981), Biber (1982), and Banti (1988). • Words of different shapes and sizes illustrate that High (H) tone is assigned to the penultimate, final, or only µ of a content word. (1) a. gantáal ‘arrow’ b. ciídan ‘army’ c. nácas ‘fool’ d. ílig ‘tooth’ e. sán ‘nose’ f. qoór ‘neck’ g. mindí ‘knife’ h. galáb ‘afternoon’ i. Soomaalí ‘Somalis’ j. káb ‘shoe’ Given H tone distribution, it might appear reasonable to argue that coda consonants are not moraic. Consonants are not counted in calculating the location of H tone assignment. • Saeed (1999, p.19): “...moras attach to vowels; the number of consonants in a syllable does not affect the counting of moras...only vowel melodies are relevant for counting.” • (Orwin 1994, 1996): “...CVC syllables are heavy up to a certain derivational stage following which they are light.” – Because coda consonants do not influence tone assignment, Orwin argues for their “early” moraic- ity – That is, coda consonants lose their mora by rule prior to H tone assignment • (Orwin 2001; Orwin and ‘Gaarriye’ 2010): “Syllable final consonants do seem to count, which leads us to consider whether...CVC must now be regarded as heavy rather than light.” – Why?...they are banned from some poetic scansion positions In light of these conflicting points of view: • Which other phenomena in Somali reference the mora? – Do they support a moraic or non-moraic analysis of coda consonants? – Do processes count different types of moras? 1 • What can these findings tell us about Somali metrical structure outside of poetics? • What does Somali’s behavior contribute to theories of moraic phonology? Findings presented here are based on a survey of two large Somali dictionaries (Zorc and Osman 1993; Puglielli and Mansur 2012), as well as fieldwork with speakers in the diaspora.
    [Show full text]
  • Geminate Typology and the Perception of Consonant Duration
    GEMINATE TYPOLOGY AND THE PERCEPTION OF CONSONANT DURATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Olga Dmitrieva August 2012 Abstract The crosslinguistic typology of geminate consonants demonstrates several prominent tendencies: geminates are typically found in intervocalic positions, often after stressed vowels, but are avoided in adjacency to other consonants and on word boundaries, more so word-initially than word-finally; sonorant geminates are more infrequent than obstruent geminates. This dissertation investigates the effect that the contextual en- vironment (vocalic or consonantal neighbors, position with respect to the edges of the word, and stressed vowels) as well as the phonetic properties of the consonants them- selves (sonority, continuancy, and voicing) has on the perception of the contrast be- tween short and long consonants. The primary goal of the perceptual experiment with speakers of Russian, American English, and Italian as participants was to demonstrate that perception of the durational distinction in consonant was context-dependent. In particular, it was hypothesized that listeners would have greater difficulties in catego- rizing the consonants as short and long in contexts where geminates are rarely found across languages, which would provide an explanation for the typological patterns. The experimental results established that perceptual contrast distinctiveness was higher in the intervocalic than in the preconsonantal environment, and in the word- initial than in the word-final position. These generalizations are based on the facts that the perception of the distinction was less categorical in the preconsonantal and word-final conditions: consonants were less consistently categorized as either short or long, while a greater portion of a durational continuum caused indecision about the category membership of the consonant.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pronunciation of <-ED> in Coda Clusters in Somali-Accented English
    Koffi, E. (2010). The pronunciation of <-ED> in coda clusters in Somali-accented English. In J. Levis & K. LeVelle (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching Conference, Iowa State University, Sept. 2009. (pp. 119-134), Ames, IA: Iowa State University. The Pronunciation of <-ED> in Coda Clusters in Somali-Accented English Ettien Koffi St. Cloud State University Clements and Keyser (1985, p. 28) note that the most prevalent syllabic structure found in world languages is the CV pattern, that is, a single Consonant followed by a single Vowel. English far exceeds this minimal requirement by allowing up to four consonants in the coda. This heavy coda structure clashes with the simple Somali CV (C) syllable structure. This paper investigates aspects of the pronunciation difficulties experienced by Somali speakers when the past tense suffix /d/ is added to English verbs whose roots that end in CVC. The heavy coda cluster that results from such an affixation leads to frequent instances of phonological interference. Phonological and acoustic data are presented to account for why Somali speakers have a hard time with verbs whose codas ends with /p/, /t/, and /k/. INTRODUCTION The goal of this paper is to try and provide answers to the following questions: When people learn that I know something about the Somali language, the two most frequently asked questions are, „Why do they add an [i] to the end of their words?‟ and „Why do they pronounce all past tense verbs with [tɪd]‟? (Lindsey 2006, p. 62) I have been asked the same questions more times than I could count.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading for Development: the Somali Rural Literacy Campaign of 1975
    Reading for Development: The Somali Rural Literacy Campaign of 1975 A dissertation presented to the faculty of The Patton College of Education of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy M. Shariff Osman March 2012 © 2012 M. Shariff Osman. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Reading for Development: The Somali Rural Literacy Campaign of 1975 by M. SHARIFF OSMAN has been approved for the Department of Educational Studies and The Patton College of Education by Francis E. Godwyll Associate Professor of Educational Studies Renée A. Middleton Dean, The Patton College of Education 3 Abstract OSMAN, M. SHARIFF, Ph.D., March 2012, Educational Studies, Cultural Studies Reading for Development: The Somali Rural Literacy Campaign of 1975 Director of Dissertation: Francis E. Godwyll This historiography study investigates the Somali Literacy Campaign of 1975, which was implemented to improve the socioeconomic development of the country through literacy. The Somali language did not have orthography until 1972 and the media of administration and education instruction was English, Italian, and Arabic. Moreover, the illiteracy rate was 90% and the use of foreign languages in the country denied the majority of the population access to education, health, employment, and many other vital services. In 1969, the government took the initiative of devising a Somali language orthography. Subsequently, the government organized a mass literacy campaign to disseminate the reading and writing of the Somali language throughout the country, and this was followed by the Somalization of administration and education. This process was completed between 1973 and 1975. The study uses oral historiography and/or narratology approaches to examine the objectives and the outcomes of the campaign.
    [Show full text]
  • The Afroasiatic Languages
    CAMBRIDGE LANGUAGE SURVEYS Generaleditors P. Austin (University ofMelbourne) THE AFROASIATIC J. Bresnan (Stanford University) B. Comrie (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig) LANGUAGES S. Crain (University of Maryland) W. Dressler (University of Vienna) C. J. E wen ( University of Leiden) R. Lass (University of Cape Town) D. Lightfoot ( University of Mary/and) K. Rice (Vniversity ofToronto) I. Roberts (University of Cambridge) Edited by S. Romaine (University of Oxford) N. V. Smith (Vniversity College, London) ZYGMUNT FRAJZYNGIER This series offers general accounts of the major language families of the ERIN SHAY world, with volumes organized either on a purely genetic basis or on a geographical basis, whichever yields the most convenient and intelligible grouping in each case. Each volume compares and contrasts the typological features of the languages it deals with. lt also treats the relevant genetic relationships, historical development, and sociolinguistic issues arising from their role and use in the world today. The books are intended for linguists from undergraduate level upwards, but no special knowledge of the languages under consideration is assumed. Volumes such as those on Australia and the Amazon Basin are also of wider relevance, as the future of the languages and their speakers raises important social and political issues. Volumes already published include Chinese Jerry Norman The Languages of Japan Masayoshi Shibatani Pidgins and Creoles (Volume I: Theory and Structure; Volume II: Reference Survey) John A. Holm The Indo-Aryan Languages Colin Masica The Celtic Languages edited by Donald MacAulay The Romance Languages Rebecca Posner The Amazonian Languages edited by R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Y.
    [Show full text]
  • SOMALI LANGUAGE and LINGUISTICS a Bibliography
    SOMALI LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS A Bibliography STUDIA INTERDISCIPLINARIA LINGUISTICA ET LITTERARIA 7 PUBLISHED BY DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG SOMALI LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS A Bibliography Morgan Nilsson 2016 STUDIA INTERDISCIPLINARIA LINGUISTICA ET LITTERARIA SILL 7 Distributed by Department of Languages and Literatures University of Gothenburg P.O.Box 200 SE 405 30 Göteborg Sweden [email protected] Morgan Nilsson, 2016 ISBN 978-91-983302-4-3 (printed version) ISBN 978-91-983302-5-0 (electronic version) e-published: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/51577 Printed by Reprocentralen, Campusservice Lorensberg, Göteborgs universitet. Göteborg 2016. Preface This work has evolved over a number of years since I first started studying Somali, and it is the kind of work that has no natural endpoint, as it will perpetually need to be supplemented with new items. However, it is hopefully now large enough to be useful to others interested in the study of the Somali language. In order to facilitate the use of the bibliography, it has been divided into a main list, which is chronological, and a number of index lists, most importantly one sorted by author. Links have been included to documents that are accessible on the Internet, primarily in the extensive databases of Archivio Somalia at Università di Roma Tre <www.archiviosomalia.it> and The Digital Somali Library at Indiana Univeristy <www.indiana.edu/~libsalc/african/Digital_Somali_Library>. For books, links are sometimes given to library catalogues, primarily the database Libris at the National Library of Sweden <libris.kb.se>. It is my ambition to published new electronical editions of this bibliography on a yearly basis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Modebnis Ation of Somali Vocabulary. with Particular Reference
    - 1 - (d O THE MODEBNIS ATION OF SOMALI VOCABULARY. WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE PERIOD FROM 1972 TO THE PRESENT JOHN CHARLES CARET THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON ProQuest Number: 11010423 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010423 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 h ~ J ti ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to examine the lexical modernisation of the Somali language, a subject which provides an excellent opportunity to study at first hand the process of accelerated vocabulary expansion. While vocabulary expansion in languages with a long-established written tradition has evolved gradually, allowing time and preference to deter­ mine ultimately the acceptance of additions to vocabulary, Somalia has been denied this luxury. Although some vocabulary expansion took place on a limited and informal scale with the introduction in 19^ 3 of radio broadcasts in the Somali language, it was not until 1972 that an official orthography was established - prior to which date no generally accepted written form had existed - and a co-ordinated government pro­ gramme of vocabulary expansion initiated.
    [Show full text]