ISAZ 2015 Topics in Human–Animal Interactions Significance in History and for the Future SARATOGA SPRINGS, NY• JULY 7–9, 2015

Abstracts appear as they were submitted. Their contents have not been changed, although their appearance may have been changed for stylistic reasons. © International Society for Anthrozoology MARS PETCARE–WALTHAM–WALTHAM® ISIS PROUD TO SPONSORPONSOR

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KWWSZZZZDOWKDPFRPZDOWKDPUHVHDUFKKDLUHVHDUFKKWWSZZZZDOWKDPFRPZDOWKDPUHVHDUFKKDLUHVHDUFK About the International Society for Anthrozoology The International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) was formed in 1991 as a supportive organization for the scientific and scholarly study of human–animal interactions. ISAZ is a nonprofit, nonpolitical organization with a worldwide, multi- disciplinary membership of students, scholars and interested professionals. Our mission is to serve the growing community of scholars and scientists working in the field of Anthrozoology (the study of human–animal interactions and relationships) by supporting research, publishing and disseminating new insights and discoveries, and promoting the exchange of knowledge and expertise within the field. To learn more, please explore our web site: www.isaz.net.

ISAZ Board 2015 PRESIDENT Dr. Kristen Jacobsen Dr. Pauleen Bennett Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuro- Latrobe University, Australia science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA TREASURER Dr. Brinda Jegatheesen Dr. Lynette A. Hart (co-opted) Educational Psychology UC Center for Animal Alternatives University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA University of California, School of Veterinary Dr. Adam Miklósi Medicine, Davis, CA, USA Department of Ethology, Eötvös University SECRETARY Budapest, Hungary Dr. Cheryl Krause-Parello Dr. Nobuyo Ohtani University of Colorado, College of Nursing Laboratory of Effective Animals for Human Director, C-P.A.W.W. Health, Azabu University, School of Veterinary Canines Providing Assistance to Wounded Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan Warriors,Health Research Initiative for Veterans Aurora, CO, USA Dr. James A. Serpell Professor of Humane Ethics & Animal Welfare SECRETARY FOR COMMUNICATIONS Director, Center for the Interaction of Animals & AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS Society, University of Pennsylvania School of Dr. Birgit U. Stetina Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Psychology Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria Dr. Nik Taylor Flinders University of South Australia SECRETARY FOR DEVELOPMENT School of Social & Policy Studies Dr. Beth Daly Adelaide, South Australia Faculty of Education, University of Windsor Ontario, Canada IAHAIO REPRESENTATIVE (EX-OFFICIO) Dr. Rebecca Johnson EDITOR ANTHROZOÖS University of Missouri-Columbia (MU), Sinclair Dr. Anthony Podberscek School of Nursing, Director, Research Center The Charles Perkins Centre for Human Animal Interaction The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia College of Veterinary Medicine BOARD MEMBERS Columbia, MO, USA

Dr. Andrea Beetz ISAZ ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGER 2015 Dept. of Special Education Ms. Marty Bryant University of Rostock, Germany University of California, School of Veterinary ISAZ Dr. Erika Friedmann Medicine, Davis, CA, USA University of Maryland, School of Nursing

Baltimore, MD, USA 3 Purina is Proud to Sponsor International Society for Anthrozoology - Issues In Human-Animal Interactions: The Significance Of Research In History And For The Future

Trademarks owned by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vevey, Switzerland 2015 Contents

Welcome 7 Acknowledgements 8 Map of Conference Venue 9 Conference Program Session Summary 10 Conference Program Schedule 12 ISAZ2015 Conference Sponsors 16 Keynote Presentations 17 Student Award Nominees 20 Abstracts of Oral Presentations – Wednesday, July 8th 21 Session 1: History 21 Session 2: Horses 25 Session 3: Vulnerable Populations and Their Animals 29 Session 4: Shelters/Humane Education/Animal Welfare 40 Abstracts of Oral Presentations – Thursday, July 9th 49 Session 5: AAI/AAT 49 Session 6: Animal Behavior/ Attitudes Toward Animals 58 Session 7: WALTHAM®/NIH Funded Research Session 64 Session 8: Equine AAT 70 Session 9: Wild Horses 73 Numerical List of Posters 77 Abstracts of Posters 79 (in alphabetic order by first author’s last name)

Index 128 2015 ISAZ 5 The Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy presents Living Large: Wolves, Bears, Cougars and Humans in North America

October 12-14, 2015 The Kellogg Conference Center at Gallaudet University | Washington, DC

North America’s large carnivores – black and brown bears, cougars and wolves – declined dramatically following European colonization, largely due to human persecution. Rising ethical concern for animals, along with a growing understanding of the integral ecological role of apex carnivores, has been shifting wildlife management strategies from extirpation toward protection and recovery. This conference seeks to foreground the best ideas from animal welfare, conservation biology, public policy, conflict resolution, law and other disciplines in the interests of securing the future of these iconic creatures. [ Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy ] To learn more or to register, visit humanesociety.org/hsisp. Hosted by The Humane Society of the United States, Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy, The Cougar Fund and The Summerlee Foundation.

Connecting professionals with tools to help animals and their people.

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www.aspcapro.org/animal-cruelty-series Welcome

On behalf of the International Society for Anthrozoology, the conference committee is delighted to extend a warm welcome to over 140 registrants from 5 continents to our 24th annual conference in this beautiful and historic town of Saratoga Springs. Its slogan, “Health, History, and Horses,” reflects the foundation on which this exciting and vibrant small town was built. As a resort destination throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, many affluent tourists came to bathe in the “healing waters,” the natural mineral springs which today remain a source of stress relief and rejuvenation. Many of the grand mansions from an era when presidents and cabinet members summered in the area still remain within walking distance of the conference hotel. Without a doubt, however, one of the most important contributions to the success of Saratoga Springs is the horse. The famous historic Saratoga Race Course, founded in the 1860s, is the oldest racetrack and the oldest sporting venue in the U.S. It remains one of the most significant tourist attractions, and throughout the town—from street names, to statues, to featured items in gift shops—horses are an admired and significant presence in daily life. In recognition of the importance of these animals, research addressing the relationship of horses to humans is identified as a special topic in this year’s conference agenda. Over 20 percent of this year’s presentations are devoted to human—horse interactions. The theme, “Topics in human—animal interactions: Significance in history and for the future,” calls attention to the constantly emerging new scientific research into human–animal relationships, and the implication for these relationships in the future. The abundant submission of papers and gratifying attendance at our ISAZ conferences are indicators of the growing prominence of anthrozoology as an academic field. We take pride in the importance of our conferences as annual meeting places for researchers to share their findings and for scholars and budding academics to learn about the latest work of their colleagues in the field. We hope that you enjoy the conference. While you are at the Saratoga Hilton take time to enjoy the beautiful downtown and surrounding area. Take in what Saratoga Springs has to offer: a night under the stars with the New York City Ballet at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center, an early morning stroll to watch horses galloping at the Oklahoma Training Track, a brief walk to Congress Park to taste waters from some of the local springs. Enjoy a taste at some of the many restaurants within a few blocks of the conference site. Most importantly, we hope that you have the opportunity to interact with colleagues, connect with those who share your interest, and appreciate the podium and poster presentations from this year’s ISAZ conference. Welcome, and enjoy!

Beth and Erika 2015 ISAZ 7 8 ISAZ2015 Acknowledgements www.lanepressofalbany.com Lane Press ofAlbany PRINTING Beth Daly Andrea LeighPtak Saratoga ConventionandTourism Bureau PHOTOS https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrealeighptak [email protected] Andrea LeighPtak GRAPHIC DESIGNANDPROGRAMLAYOUT [email protected] Conferencedirect.com Mame Noonan CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT The ISAZ2015Board ABSTRACT REVIEWERS Nik Tayor James Serpell(sponsorship) Cheryl Krause-Parello Erika Friedmann Beth Daly CONFERENCE COMMITTEE www.discoversaratoga.org Saratoga ConventionandTourism Bureau VOLUNTEER STAFFING ANDASSISTANCE Saratoga HiltonHotel PSAV AUDIO-VISUAL SERVICES Kathy Kruger Beth Daly CONFERENCE WEBSITE 518-871-1208 office /518-339-2362cell /Communicating Words &Images Map ofConference Venue Exhibitors: Posters: Sessions: SARATOGA HILTON Saratoga Ballroom 1 Saratoga Ballrooms 2&3 Saratoga Foyer

9 ISAZ2015 Conference Program Summary ISAZ2015 Conference Program Summary Tuesday, July 7, 2015

1200–1800 Registration in the Hotel Lobby Posters in Saratoga Ballroom 1 Wednesday 0830 – Thursday 1550 1800–2030 Welcome Reception at the Mouzon House (Behind Hotel) 1 York Street

Wednesday, July 8, 2015 0730-1700 Registration in the Hotel Lobby 0800-0900 Light Breakfast in the Pavilion 0900–0915 Welcome – Saratoga Ballroom 2 & 3 0915–1015 Keynote 1: John Bradshaw, Anthropomorphism – Consequences for pets and for people, Sponsored by WALTHAM® – Saratoga Ballroom 2 & 3 1015–1110 Posters in Saratoga Ballroom 1 1110–1130 Coffee Break in the Pavilion and Posters 1130–1230 Session 1: History – Saratoga Ballroom 3 Session 2: Horses – Saratoga Ballroom 2 1230–1325 Lunch in Broadway Ballroom Sponsored by ASPCA 1330–1420 Keynote 2: Phil Arkow, The link across the lifespan: Animal abuse as an indicator and predictor of crimes against vulnerable children, women and elders – Saratoga Ballroom 3 Sponsored by IFAW 1430–1530 Session 3: Vulnerable Populations and Their Animals (part 1) – Saratoga Ballroom 3 Session 4: Shelters/Humane Education/Animal Welfare (part 1) – Saratoga Ballroom 2 1530–1545 Coffee Break in the Pavilion 1545–1730 Session 3: Vulnerable Populations and Their Animals (part 2) – Saratoga Ballroom 3 Session 4: Shelters/Humane Education/Animal Welfare (part 2) – Saratoga Ballroom 2 BREAK 1800 Bus to Conference Dinner (the bus will make two runs each way) 1830–2100 Conference Dinner at The Wishing Well Restaurant Sponsored by Nestlé Purina 2015 ISAZ 10 Relax betweensessionsinthelobby oftheSaratogaHilton. Wrap upandAwards ISAZAnnualGeneralMeeting 1635–1700 Coffee Break inthePavilion 1550–1635 1530–1550 Session7: LunchintheBroadway Ballroom 1400–1530 1300–1355 Session5: Coffee Break inthePavilionandPosters 1100–1300 Po 1040–1100 1015–1040 Welcome LightBreakfast inthePavilion 0900–0915 0800–0900 Thursday, July9,2015 9511 Keynote3:RonL.Kagan 0915–1015 Session 9: Session 8: Session 6: Sponsored byWALTHAM old tzo n qaim Sar – collide atzoosandaquariums sters inSaratogaBallroom 1 Saratoga Ballroom 2&3 – WALTHAM idHre Sar – Wild Horses Saratoga Ballroom 2 Equine AAT – A/A aaoaBlro –Saratoga Ballroom 3 Saratoga Ballroom – AAI/AAT – nmlBhvo/tiue oadAias–Sar – Animal Behavior/Attitudestoward Animals ® NH pnoe eerh–Saratoga Ballroom 3 /NIH Sponsored Research – Saratoga Ballroom 3 – ® , Nature vsnonsense:Howscience,entertainmentandpolitics atoga Ballroom 2 Saratoga Ballroom 3 – atoga Ballroom 2&3 atoga Ballroom 2 Conference Program Summary

11 ISAZ2015 12 ISAZ2015 2013 LunchinBroadway Ballroom 1230–1330 Session2:Horses Session1:History Coffee Break inthePavilionandPosters 1130–1230 Po 1050–1115 1015–1110 – Welcome LightBreakfast inthePavilion 0900–0915 RegistrationintheHotelLobby 0800–0900 0730–1700 Wednesday, July8,2015 Welcome ReceptionattheMouzonHouse(BehindHotel)1York Street 1800–2030 RegistrationintheHotelLobby 1200–1800 Tuesday, July7,2015 ISAZ 3012 ent : hlAkw–The linkacross thelifespan: Keynote2:PhilArkow– 1330–1420 Brad John 1: Keynote 0915–1015 Conference Program 2015 Conference Program Session Chair:JamesSerpell horse relationship Embodimentandintimacyinthehuman– ship inBritainoverthepast30years the companionanimal–humanrelation- horsesindiversifiedequinecultures Rebekah Fox: archaic perioddomesticdogs animal interactions:Acasestudyusing livelihoodsoftheirowners assemblages tounderstandhuman– Saratoga Ballroom 2 Diane Warren: The casestudyofMilwaukee,Wisconsin donkeybehaviourinKitui,Kenya multispecies historyofnonhumanan Helena Pycior: SessionChair:KristenJacobsen in latemedievalcities* Equestrian traffic andhorsehusbandry Fabienne Meiers: Saratoga Ballroom3 Session Chair:PatriciaAnderson Posters inSaratogaBallroom 1 Saratoga Ballroom 3 predictor ofcrimesagainstvulnerablechildren, womenandelders. Consequences forpetsandpeople. Session Chair:SandraMcCune sters inSaratogaBallroom 1 Saratoga Ballroom 2&3 The Changingnature of sn rhelgcl PetraAndersson:Diversifiedideason Using archaeological nAgmn o oa, RodrigoLanas:Thelinkbetweenanimal An Argument forlocal, h ra os: NeemaKawe:Women’s practicesand The urbanhorse: hw–Anthropomorphism – shaw – Sponsored byASPCA Wednesday 0830 – Thursday 1550 Thursday Wednesday 0830– ml:w imals: Sponsored byWALTHAM Keri Brandt: elfare ofurban draught horses and Animal abuseasanindicatorand Bodies inmotion: ® Sponsored byIFAW Conference Program Wednesday, July 8, 2015

1430–1730 Session 3: Vulnerable Populations Session 4: Shelters/Humane and Their Animals Education/Animal Welfare Session Chair: Erika Friedmann Session Chair: Lynnette Hart Saratoga Ballroom 3 Saratoga Ballroom 2 Beth Lanning: Effects of equine–veteran Rachel Orritt: Perceptions and attitudes interactions on quality of life and towards canine aggressive behaviour by depression symptoms professional and non-professional groups * Karen Krob: Heroes and horses: Pauleen Bennett: Pet snake, lizard, frog, Exploring an equine facilitated learning and turtle management practices by and psychotherapy program for veterans owners in Victoria, Australia Cheryl Krause-Parello: Veterans and Benjamin Hart: Why men and women neuter service dogs: An integrated review of their dogs in the U.S., Canada, and UK the literature Maya Gupta: Findings from a “safe Kirrilly Thompson: How do horse haven” program for domestic violence guardians respond to bushfire threat? victims with pets: Client characteristics Compliance with pre-emptive relocation and perceptions advice is South Australia? 1530–1545 Coffee Break 1545–1730 Session Chair: James Griffin Session Chair: Pauleen Bennett Estelle Vickery: Psychological benefits Malini Suchak: Colony housed shelter of guide dog ownership cats show high variability in association with conspecifics Mariko Yamamoto: Walking activities of Catherine Amiot: The role of social identifi- people in Japan living with guide dogs cation with animals in predicting valued and pet dogs resource distributions between animals and humans: An application of intergroup theories to the realm of human–animal relations Jennie Feinstein: Effects of occupational Livia Apostol: Applying the theory of therapy incorporating animal-assisted planned behavior to predict people’s therapy on playfulness in children with intention to financially support the developmental disabilities* conservation of endangered animal species Gretchen Carlisle: Children with autism Roger Haston: Beyond labels: Under and their companion animals: The standing the impact of live release rate and experiences of families as perceived by intake policies on animal welfare through parents and other caregivers the use of stochastic modeling. Joanna Becker: Presence of a dog on Stephen Albone: Longitudinal follow-up of executive functioning and stress in the effectiveness of SPANA’s animal children with emotional disorders welfare education programme In Ethiopia Kevin Morris: Measuring the efficacy of an animal-assisted Intervention within a family preservation program -– The Savio Study 1730–1800 BREAK 1800 Bus to Conference Dinner (the bus will make two runs each way) 1830–2100 Conference Dinner at The Wishing Well Restaurant 745 Saratoga Rd. Sponsored by Nestlé Purina 2015 ISAZ 13 Conference Program Thursday, July 9, 2015

0800 –0900 Light Breakfast in the Pavilion 0900 –0915 Welcome – Saratoga Ballroom 2 & 3 0915 –1005 Keynote 3: Ron L. Kagan – Nature vs nonsense: How science, entertainment and politics collide at zoos and aquariums. Sponsored by WALTHAM® Session Chair: Anthony Podberscek 1015 –1100 Posters in Saratoga Ballroom 1 1040 –1100 Coffee Break in the Pavilion 1100–1300 Session 5: AAI/AAT Session 6: Animal Behavior/ Attitudes toward Animals Session Chair: Cheryl Krause-Parello Session Chair: John Bradshaw Saratoga Ballroom 3 Saratoga Ballroom 2 Harold Herzog: How valid are clinical trials Miki Kakinuma: Pet dog’s orientation of animal-assisted therapy? toward photos and videos: are pet dogs ready for the video chat while left home alone? Sandra Barker: A randomized controlled Sophie Brajon: Positive contact with study of the effect of a campus animal- humans can improve learning performance assisted activity (AAA) on college student and emotional states in piglets* physiological and perceived stress prior to final exams Jon-Tyler Binfet: Heavy petting on campus: Amy McCullough: Canines and childhood The effects of group-administered animal- cancer (CCC): Behavioral and physiological assisted therapy on first-year university stress in therapy dogs who visit pediatric student’s social and emotional well-being oncology settings Karin Hediger: Development of attitudes Paula Calvo: Attitudes toward animals: towards animal-assisted therapy in a Swiss A population-based study (n = 2500)* rehabilitation clinic Diane Walsh: Job stress in forensic inter- Justin Couchman: Using therapy dog viewers: Initially and after using facility dogs, attachment to test perspective-taking in therapy dogs, or no dogs* children Tanya Bailey: The role of an animal-assisted Mikel Delgado: Development of a scale to interaction (AAI) program as a means of measure cat care and understanding of social support and stress reduction within a cats’ behavioral needs: The cat care and college community needs scale (CCANS) Molly Crossman: Using interactions with Jon Bowen: Measuring the owner-cat animals to reduce psychological distress: relationship: Can the Monash dog owner A review* relationship scale (MDORS) be adapted? Carri Westgarth: How do dogs encourage and motivate walking? Results from RESIDE 1300–1400 Lunch in the Broadway Ballroom 2015 ISAZ 14 Conference Program Thursday, July 9, 2015

1400–1530 Session 7: WALTHAM®/NIH Session 8: Equine AAT Sponsored Research Session Chair: Nancy Gee Session Chair: Harold Herzog Saratoga Ballroom 3 Saratoga Ballroom 2 Sabrina Schuck: Canine assisted intervention Ping-Tzu Lee: Theoretical development in for children w/attention deficit/hyperactivity equine-assisted psychotherapy: The differ- disorder: Main outcomes from project P.A.C.K. ence between traditional psychotherapy and equine-assisted psychotherapy Marguerite O’Haire: Development and initial Ann Baldwin: The effects of an equine validation of the observation of human– facilitated learning interaction on elder animal interaction for research-modified adults (55+) as measured by heart rate version variability, self-esteem and immune function (slgA) Kristen Jacobson: Does exposure account Jessica Bibbo: Effects of equine assisted for racial/ethnic differences in children’s activities on PTSD symptoms, coping self- attitudes towards pets? efficacy, emotion regulation and social engagement in military veterans*

Lori Jervis: The devastation and Session 9: Wild Horses normalization of dog loss in an American Session Chair: Marie Suthers Indian community Saratoga Ballroom 2 Teal Macintosh: Measuring children’s Mary Koncel: Bringing home the wild: A preferences, perceptions and attitudes about study of bureau of land management wild animals; adapting tools for pediatric horse adoption in Colorado and Texas populations Karen Dalke: Mustangs and domestic Anne Gadomski: Attachment to a pet dog horses: Examining what we think we know and physical acticity among younger children about differences Allen Rutberg: Factors influencing group stability and body condition in two western wild horse herds treated with porcine zona pellucia (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines 1530–1550 Coffee Break in the Pavilion 1550–1635 ISAZ Annual General Meeting – Saratoga Ballroom 2 & 3 1635–1700 Wrap up and Awards – Saratoga Ballroom 2 & 3 * Student Award Nominee 2015 ISAZ 15 © Filckr Creative Commons/firelizard5 – Commons/firelizard5 © Filckr Creative http://ow.ly/O6nkA 16 ISAZ2015 ISAZ conference. Weconference. wouldn’t without YOURHELP! be here ISAZ Thanksoursponsorsfortheirgeneroussupportofthis www.taylorandfrancis.com Routledge Taylor andFrancis Group www.hsus.org Humane SocietyoftheUS Additional Sponsors www.aspca.org ASPCA Gold LuncheonSponsor www.ifaw.org IFAW Special SessionSponsor www.purina.com Purina Key BanquetDinnerSponsor www.waltham.com Mars/WALTHAM Principle PlenarySponsor 2015 Conference Sponsors ® Keynote Presentations

KEYNOTE 1

John Bradshaw University of Bristol [email protected]

ANTHROPOMORPHISM – CONSEQUENCES FOR PETS AND FOR PEOPLE

ue to inherent biases in the human brain, our imaginations often lead us to Dinterpret events as if they were the product of other minds. Nowhere is this more self-evident than in our relationships with companion animals, to which people routinely attribute human-like emotions and motivations: indeed, without this self- deception it is unlikely that pet-keeping would be as popular as it is. On balance, our companion animals benefit from our anthropomorphic tendencies, because these incline us to care for them as if they were members of our (human) family. However, owners routinely make anthropomorphic assumptions about their pets’ behaviour, and when these are inaccurate, the welfare of the animal can be affected. For example, dogs are widely believed to experience “guilt”, and as a result are punished for past actions that they are incapable of associating with the punishment: if repeated, this can lead to the dog becoming chronically anxious and its relationship with its owner may be compromised. The mistaken belief that dogs can be motivated by “dominance” is widely used as justification for training methods based upon the infliction of pain. The well-being of a pet cat can be jeopardised if its owner obtains a second cat under the unfounded assumption that cats desire feline company. A wider appreciation of the cognitive and emotional capacities and biases of companion animal species, based upon science rather than assumption, should lead not only to improved welfare for the animals but also better-functioning relationships with their humans.

Dr John Bradshaw is a Visiting Fellow at the University of Bristol, where he was formerly Reader in Companion Animal Behaviour. His main interests lie in the behaviour and welfare of domestic cats and dogs, and their relationships with people; he has published over 100 research papers and book chapters on these 2015 topics, as well as two editions of “The Behaviour of the Domestic Cat” (CABI).

He was one of the founders of the International Society for Anthrozoology. ISAZ Since 2009 he has focused his attention on the dissemination of animal welfare science to pet owners: his books “Dog Sense/In Defence of Dogs” and “Cat 17 18 ISAZ2015 Keynote Presentations T Twitter: https://twitter.com/petsandus Web: http://www.bris.ac.uk/vetscience/people/88445/impact.html UK, andhavebeentranslatedintomanyotherlanguages. Sense” (BasicBooks/Penguin)werenon-fictionbestsellersinboththeUSAand contemporary families. reforms needed toprevent violenceagainstallvulnerable membersof component ofelderabuse.It willaddress keyresearch, program andpolicy cruelty asanAdverseChildhood Experience,aformofdomesticviolence,and Itwillconsiderredefininganimal abuseasafamilyviolenceconcern. animal This keynotepresentation willreview theresearch underlyingthere-emergence of marker andapredictor ofchild maltreatment, domesticviolenceandelderabuse. violence thatisnotonlyacrimeinitselfbutalsooftenserves asabellwether, a neglect, animalhoarding andanimal fighting—asaformoffamilyandcommunity resoundingly redefine animalcruelty anditsvariousmanifestations–abuse, rapidly shiftingtodayasrecent programs, policy, publicawareness andresearch significance toindividualandcommunityhealthsafety. Thisparadigmis stand-alone issue,importanttoanimals’well-beingbutof onlymarginal researchers, policymakers,and thegeneralpublicconsidered animalcruelty asa elders. Untilrelatively recently, healthandsocialservicesprofessionals, vulnerable populations,particularlychildren, domesticviolencesurvivorsand which are oftenusedasweaponstomanipulate, intimidateandretaliate against The “darkside”ofthehuman–animalbondisanimalcruelty, abuseandneglect, Children, Women andElders Animal AbuseasanIndicatorandPredictorofCrimesAgainstVulnerable he “Link”Across theLifespan: POPULATIONS ANDTHEIRPETS SPECIAL SESSIONONVULNERABLE www.NationalLinkCoalition.org [email protected] 37 HillsideRoad,Stratford,NJ08084USA856-627-5118 Coordinator, NationalLinkCoalition Phil Arkow Keynote 2 Keynote Presentations

Keynote 3

Ron L. Kagan

NATURE VS. NONSENSE

How science, entertainment and politics collide at zoos and aquariums. Are zoos and aquariums centers of science? Are they places of confinement and cruelty or care and compassion? So many claims of conservation compete with accusations of poor welfare and deprivation. So let’s look at how society and science shape what our relationship with wildlife and wilderness might look like in the future. It all happens at the zoos and aquariums where over 200 million visitors go each year. 2015 ISAZ 19 Plenary Presentations ISAZ2015 Student Award Nominees sponsored by WALTHAM®

Oral Presentation Award 1A Fabienne Meiers – University of Luxembourg Research Unit – [email protected] The urban horse: Equestrian traffic and horse husbandry in late medieval citie 3G Jennie Dapice Feinstein – Virginia Commonwealth University – [email protected] Effects of occupational therapy incorporating animal-assisted therapy on playfulness in children with developmental disabilities 4A Rachel Orritt – School of Psychology, University of Lincoln – [email protected] Perceptions and attitudes towards canine aggressive behaviour by professional and non-professional groups 5E Diane Walsh – University of California, Davis – [email protected] Job stress for forensic interviewers: Initially and after using facility dogs, therapy dogs, or no dogs 5G Molly K. Crossman – Innovative Interactions Lab, Yale University – [email protected] Using interactions with animals to reduce psychological distress: A Review 6B Sophie Brajon – Universite Laval, Quebec – [email protected] Positive contact with humans can improve learning performance and emotional states in piglets 6D Paula Calvo – Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms – [email protected] Attitudes towards animals: A population-based study (n = 2500) 8C Jessica Bibbo – Research Center for Human-Animal Interaction, University of Missouri – [email protected] Effects of equine assisted activities on PTSD symptoms, coping self-efficacy, emotion regulation and social engagement in military veterans

Poster Presentation Award P3 Beatrice Auger – Universite du Quebec a Montreal – [email protected] Extending the pet as ambassadors hypothesis P4 S. Basilia Basin – Oregon Health & Science University – [email protected] A critical review examining companion animal influence during decision-making in the context of healthcare utilization P11 Dawn Cowling – University of Tronto – [email protected] When the bond breaks: Variables that influence grief, guilt, and loneliness following companion animal loss P12 Kristen Cunningham – Department of Psychology-Neuroscience & Behavior, University of Nebraska at Omaha – [email protected] Biting the hand that feeds: Risk factors associated with reported animal bites P19 Nicholas Johnson – Department of Psychology, Wayne State University – [email protected] Language use is associated with adjudicated adolescent outcomes in an animal-assisted intervention P33 Rachel Orritt – School of Psychology, University of Lincoln – [email protected] The history of dog bite misinformation in UK news media and public policy 2015 ISAZ 20 Oral Presentations: Wednesday, July 8

Session 1: History

Saratoga Ballroom 3 — 1130–1230

1A – THE URBAN HORSE: EQUESTRIAN TRAFFIC AND HORSE HUSBANDRY IN LATE MEDIEVAL CITIES

Student Award Nominee Fabienne Meiers University of Luxenbourg Research Unit, Campus Walferdange, Walfergange, Luxenbourg. [email protected]

Since the thriving of European cities in the 11th century, there was an increasing demand for faster and more reliable exchange services comparable with those in the Roman Empire: After the decline of the well-developed and regularly maintained Roman road network, circulation of people, goods and services had become less effective, particularly given that carriage traffic was virtually impossible on deteriorated roads. Consequently, equestrian traffic gained more importance in the medieval period, particularly in long-distance travels. In order to facilitate mobility and communication between cities, institutionally controlled mounted courier services were promoted and courier horses provided as well as travel horses for hire—both specially trained for their purpose. Moreover, decrees were adopted which regulated animal waste disposal and corpse removal to guarantee a hygienic living environment for both humans and animals. At the same time, specialized systems and structures for horse husbandry in the urban settings arose. The paper displays the characteristics, capacities and limitations of urban equestrian traffic and horse husbandry in the Late Middle Ages and presents the impact of the human- horse relationship in the urban environment. Pragmatic documents such as (travel) account books and legal texts were used as source base; they were analyzed using a comparative and quantitative methodology. In addition, the reflection of the urban horse in material culture was considered to emphasize a more dynamic dimension of the phenomenon. To conclude, the value of the urban horse in medieval townscapes, either as a daily companion or as a mere commodity, is discussed. 2015 ISAZ 21 22 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: animal relations bytyingthesubjecttolocal andurbanhistory relations inwhichnoanimalisignored andhelptoovercome marginalization ofhuman– his remains formedthebasisofaprize-winningsculpture. Zoo andfinallytoposthumousexhibitionattheMilwaukeePublicMuseum,where someof trajectory ofthegorillaSamsontookhimfrom Africatostardom attheMilwaukeeCounty of animalsparticipatinginstrong butfluidbonds withthepeopleofMilwaukee.Thelife study’s report alsosinglesoutcertainspecies andindividualcelebrityanimalsasexemplars those classifiedaspests,wild,andzoo.Encompassingalltheseanimalsinoutlineform,the other kindsofwork,entertainment,exhibition,research, andcompanionshipaswell animal advocacyarguably ascomplicatedthosecharacterizingLondon. than Velten’s, thisstudyuncoversinMilwaukeehuman–animalrelationships andefforts at those ofHannahVelten’s monuments, zooandhumanesocietyrecords, etc.).Itsaimsand methodsare similarto the human–animalbond. defends local,multispecieshistoryasapromising wayofbroadening historicalresearch on passed through Milwaukee,Wisconsin,from earliesttimestothepresent. Thepaper The paperreports onahistoricalstudyofthenonhumananimalswhohavelivedinor [email protected] Department ofHistory, UniversityofWisconsin-Milwaukee,Milwaukee,WI,USA. Helena Pycior THE CASESTUDYOFMILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN,USA NONHUMANANIMALS: ANARGUMENTFORLOCAL,MULTISPECIES HISTORYOF 1B – Local, multispecieshistoricalsurveyssetthegroundwork forahistoryofhuman–animal The animalsofMilwaukeeincludethoseusedforfood,furandhides,transportation The studydrawsonawidearrayofsecondaryandprimarysources (newspapers, Beastly London: A History ofAnimalsintheCity Beastly London:AHistory . More modest using archaeological assemblagesforunderstanding thehistoryofHAI. ritual. Theseinterpretations are discussedinlightoftheusefulnessandlimitations dogs forhunting,useoftocarrythings,andpreferences for maledogsinmortuary vertebral marginal osteophytes.Possibleinterpretations includeHAIsuchasabuse, useof particularly inhumangraves.Fractures oftheface,vertebrae,andribsare common,asare dogs from sitesinKentucky, AlabamaandTennessee. Adultmaledogsare overrepresented, size, andskeletaldentalpathologiesof260Archaic period(8000–3000BCE)domestic paleopathologic profiles totesthypotheses aboutHAI.Here, Ipresent dataontheage,sex, comparative dataare limited.Allofthesehave implicationsforusingdemographicand Differentiating amongpossiblecausesofapathologymaynotbepossible,particularlywhen affect howrepresentative thearchaeological assemblageisofthelivingpopulation. archaeological record, andtaphonomicfactorsexcavation/curationdecisionsalsocan paleopathological data.Culturalpracticescanimpactwhichanimalsdoandnotenterthe profile. However, there are challengesforinterpretation ofarchaeological and that are visibleinfaunalremains from asite,and/orimpacttheanimals”demographic interactions (HAI)inthepast.Forexample,HAImayresult inskeletalanddentalpathologies Data from archaeology andpaleopathologycanhelpustounderstandhuman–animal Department ofAnthropology, UniversityofOklahoma,[email protected] Diane M.Warren PERIOD DOMESTICDOGS HUMAN–ANIMAL INTERACTIONS:ACASESTUDYUSINGARCHAIC ARCHAEOLOGICALASSEMBLAGESTOUNDERSTAND USING 1C – Oral Presentations

23 ISAZ2015 24 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: increased individualizationand choiceinthewaysownersexpress theircare fortheirCAs. companionship challengeconventionalwisdomsonanimal healthandnutritionprovide diversity inapproaches formsofanimal tonutrition (e.g.“natural”diets)andto“alternative” subject toincreasing surveillanceandcontrol oftheirbehaviors.Recenttrends towards discourses nowfocuson“responsible” petownershipandbothanimalsownersare increased emotionalandfinancialexpectations oftheCArelationship. Mainstream perceived tohavebrought vastbenefitsintermsoflongevityandqualitylife,butalso products andservicesbecomingavailable. Advancesinanimalnutritionandhealthcare are coincided withacommercialization ofthepetindustry, withawiderangeofanimal-related human relationship, withpetsincreasingly regarded asmembersofthefamily. Thisshifthas Companionship.”Thepast30yearshaveseenahumanizationoftheCA— “Alternative Humanization, Commercialization, Medicalization,“ResponsiblePetOwnership”and Results andDiscussion: occurring themesandtopicsofdiscussion. and transcribedverbatim,thenanalyzedusingNVivo software to drawoutcommonly treatment, trainingandperceptions ofCAwithinsociety. Interviewswere digitallyrecorded covering arangeoftopicsincludingrelationships withCA,animalnutrition,medical popular. Interviewswere semi-structured allowingparticipantstoleadthediscussion, lived withanaverageof2.9animals(range0–17),catsanddogsbeingthemost age from 24–77( represent arangeofprofessional, demographic andCAowningcharacteristics,rangedin national charitiesandthoseinvolvedinthepetindustry. Participantswere selectedto professionals ( Methodology: within thehome. and understandingofanimalbehavior, aswellre-evaluations ofthepositionanimals attitudes andpracticestowards CAs,withhugeadvancesinmedicaltreatment, nutrition, human relationship inBritainoverthepast30years.Thisperiodhasseenarapidchange Introduction: 2 1 Rebekah Fox RELATIONSHIP INBRITAIN OVERTHEPAST 30YEARS. THECHANGINGNATURE OFTHECOMPANION ANIMAL–HUMAN 1D – Research Manager-HAI, WALTHAM® forPetNutrition,UK Centre forGenderStudies,UppsalaUniversity,Centre [email protected] This paperexplores thechangingnature ofthecompanionanimal(CA)— The studyinvolvedindepthinterviewswithCAowners( n = 21),includingveterinarians,animalbehaviourists,representatives of M 1 and NancyR.Gee = 48.7),were more likelytobefemale( Five majorthemeswere identifiedfrom theinterviews: 2 n = 26)thanmale( n = 20)and n = 15)and welfare ofthedonkeys. donkeys. Thisisexpectedultimatelytoinfluencethewomen’s practicesandgeneral using locallyavailableandaffordable materialsaswelltobuildempathytoward their improve theirknowledgeandskillsinequinehandling,appropriate techniques harnessing sharing through training,sensitizationmeetingsandpracticalsessionswiththewomento donkeys. Communityengagementtoaddress theseissueswillfocusoninformation contribute tothehighincidenceoflesionsandnegativebehaviouralindicesseeninthese materials e.g.tight,thinmanilaropes, nopadding). usinginappropriatebeating, kickingorshouting).69.5%madetheirownharnesses or flight/frightresponses. 61.1%ofwomenobservedportrayednegativehandling(whipping, had tail-baseandgirth/bellylesions,respectively. 30.5%ofdonkeysdemonstratedapathy indicators were collectedthrough questionnaires anddirect observation. human practicesthatcanbetargeted forintervention. and negativebehaviouralindicesinthesedonkeys,identifyanypotentialcontributing of waterandfirewood. Thisstudy’s objective istoexaminethefrequency ofbodylesions These animalsassistthemwithdomesticchores, includingwalkinglongdistancesinsearch Donkeys inKituiare mainlytheresponsibility ofwomen,whoown,care andworkwiththem. Brooke EastAfrica,Nairobi,[email protected] Neema KaweandL.Kavatal IN KITUI,KENYA WOMEN’S PRACTICESANDDONKEYBEHAVIOUR 2A – Saratoga Ballroom 2–1130–1230 Session 2:Horses Poor handling and harnessing practicesarePoor handlingandharnessing prevalent inthisregion, andare likelyto Data were collectedfor138womenand344donkeys.54.8%18.1%ofdonkeys Animal-based indicatorswere assessedusingastandardised tool.Human-based Oral Presentations

25 ISAZ2015 26 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: p between PsychologicaldomainofWHOQOL-BREFandmentalhealthhorses(rho=0.027; p illiteracy). Noassociationswere foundbetweensocio-economiclevelandAW (rho=-0.05; lowest socio-economiclevel(76.5%),only2%hadcompletedsecondarystudies(13.8% the AW assessmentaccomplished 68.7%ofthetotalscore. Mostownersbelongtothe owners couldimpacttheAW oftheirhorses. spossiblethatotherfactorssuchasempathylevelof with AW outcomeoftheir horses.It between theownersandAW variables,a applied to96workinghorses.Spearman’s correlation wasusedtomeasure therelationship and qualityoflife(WHOQOL-BREF, 1996).AnAnimalWelfare (AW) assessmentprotocol was about husbandrypracticesoftheirhorses,socioeconomiccharacteristics(Adimark,2000) owners andhorsewelfare. to investigatetheassociationbetweensocio-economicaspects,qualityoflifeUDH receivingundernourished, littlehusbandryorveterinaryattention.Theaimofthisstudywas belong toownersoflowsocioeconomicstatus,andscarce education.Horsesare generally depend onurbandraughthorses(UDH)astheirmainsource ofincome.Theseequines Equine powerisstillusedindevelopingcountries.InChilemanyperi-urbancommunities Pecuarias, UniversidaddeChile,Santiago,[email protected] Departamento deFomentolaProducciónAnimal,FacultadCienciasVeterinarias y Rodrigo Lanas,DanielaLunaandTamara Tadich THE CASEOFCHILE. HORSES ANDLIVELIHOODSOFTHEIROWNERS. THELINKBETWEENANIMALWELFARE OFURBANDRAUGHT 2B – = 0.01). = 0.60)orwiththeeducationallevel(rho=0.11;p0.28).Positiveassociationswere found ae eepeerd(83) n h enaeo ossws935.4years.Resultsof Mares were preferred (58.3%),andthemeanageofhorseswas9.3 The socio-economicandeducationalcharacteristicsoftheownerswere notcorrelated Fifty oneowners,allmenfrom <18to>60yearsofage,from Chile were interviewed p value of p < 0.05wasused. Adelman, M.andKnijnik,J.,eds.2013. References humanities andsocialsciences. focuses onideashorsesasapartofthenew, emerging fieldofhorsestudiesin introduction todifferent equine cultures, from genderaspectsthough,whilethisstudy on horsesare interpreted asconflictingnorms(Bicchieri,2005). are tobeunderstoodinclusters,eachexpressing itsownideas onhorses.Thesenewideas norms, andalsodifferences betweenknowledgesystemsregarding horses.Thedifferences qualitative semi-structured interviews. literature referred tobydifferent equinecultures), baseddiscussions,and analysisofinternet horse welfare. kind ofbeinghorsesare, andhowtheanswertothesequestionsrelate toideasabout and horse. capacities, andalsoaboutwhatkindofrelationships thatare possiblebetweenhuman different normsandideasaboutsuchthingsashorses”individuality, horses”mental The equinecommunityisnowadaysdiversifiedtotheextentthatweare abletoidentify Gothenburg, [email protected]. Department ofPhilosophy, ofScience,UniversityGothenburg, LinguisticsandTheory Petra Andersson EQUINE CULTURES DIVERSIFIED IDEASONHORSESINDIVERSIFIED 2C – Bicchieri, Cristina.2005. University Press. Little hasbeendoneinthisfieldsofar. AdelmanandKnijnik(2013)givesagood Preliminary results showdifferences betweenideasonhorses,differences valuesand The methodsincludeliterature review (includingscientificliterature aswellthe The objectiveofthestudyistoidentify, describeanddiscussthedifferent ideasonwhat The GrammarofSociety:NatureandDynamicsSocialNorms Gender andEquestrianSport:RidingAroundtheWorld. . Cambridge Oral Presentations Springer.

27 ISAZ2015 28 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: human consciousnessandthemeaningfulnessofsuchrelationships inhumanlives. qualities ofhuman-horserelationships, andfurtherinvestigatehowthesequalitiesshape human-horse relationship. Thisresearch isaneffort tounderstandmore deeplytheunique outofworkingwithhorsesweresense ofintimacyborn themostrewarding aspectsofthe they were sharingonebodywiththeirhorses.Thisaltered stateofembodimentandthe horses. Attimestheirawareness ofembodiment wassogreatly altered thattheyfeltasif altered theirexperienceofembodiment andgeneratedasenseofintimacywiththeir participated inthisresearch, theuniquebodilymodalityofhuman–horserelationship human’s bodyliterallywrapsaround thehorse’s body. Forthehorsewomenwho of thebodilycontactbetweenhorsesandhumansisinformriding,where the horses inwhichhumansshare suchahighdegree ofregular, sustainedbodilycontact.Most work togetherharmoniously. Intermsofphysicalcontact,there are fewotherspecieslike communication andtogethertheymustdevelopacomplexembodiedlanguagesystemto human–animal relationships. Forbothspecies,theirbodiesare themediumfor horse relationship hasmanyuniquequalitiesthatsetitapartfrom othertypesof explores theembodiedintimacythatdevelopsbetweenhorsesandriders.Thehuman– participant observationoveratwo-yearperiodofwomenwhoworkwithhorses,thispaper Drawing from ethnographicdataof30in-depthinterviewsandhundreds ofhours Fort LewisCollege,Durango,CO,[email protected] Keri Brandt HUMAN-HORSE BODIES INMOTION:EMBODIMENTANDINTIMACY INTHE 2D – RELATIONSHIP symptoms andimproving qualityoflife. (e.g., THR)mayfindtheexperiencebeneficialandinstrumental inreducing depression from thisstudyindicatethatcombatsoldiers whoparticipateinequineassistedactivities themes describinganon-judgmental,open-honest,andcomfortablerelationship. Findings scores betweengroups. Thesechangeswere correlated withequine-veteranrelationship difference inemotionalinterference ( overall mentalhealth( revealed significantpositivedifferences overtimeinemotionalinterference ( themes, andcompared tothequantitativedatausingNVIVO10software. Paired the equine-veteranexperience.Recorded interviewswere coded,evaluatedforemerging THR participantsalsocompletedapost-interventioninterviewtocapture characteristicsof group. Pre andpostqualityoflifedepression surveyswere completedbybothgroups. (6 males,3females)aged25to53years( Beth Lanning aged 25to46years( quality oflifeandfunctioningcombatveterans.Sixteenveterans(9males,7females) designed toexaminetheeffects oftherapeutichorsebackriding(THR)onPTSD symptoms, depression. Asubsampleof25initialparticipantswaschosenfrom alarger ongoingstudy veteran-equine relationship andtheeffects ofthatrelationship onqualityoflifeand benefits from spendingtimewithahorse.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminethe Combat veteransstrugglingwithPTSDanddepression symptomsmayfindtherapeutic [email protected] Baylor University, CollegeofHealthandHumanSciences,Waco, TX,USA. OF LIFEAND EFFECTS OFEQUINE-VETERANINTERACTIONSONQUALITY 3A – Saratoga Ballroom 3–1430–1530 Vulnerable PopulationsandTheirAnimals Session 3: DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS. M p = 33; = .04)ofTHRparticipants.Student’s t-testsrevealed significant SD = 7.3)participatedinaneightweekTHRprogram andnine p = .033)anddepression symptoms( M = 39; SD = 10.3)were assignedtoacontrol p p = .025)post = .03)and Oral Presentations t -tests

29 ISAZ2015 30 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: Karen E.Krob the equinesandhuman–equinebond. the selectionandmaintenanceofequinesinvolvedinsuchprograms, andthecentrality of experience alsotouchesonanumberofissueswarrantingfurtherconsideration,including possibilities forhumanparticipants—andpotentiallysomeequineparticipants.However, this outcomes formostparticipants. expressed regarding concern Quantitativetrends equineburnout. supportedpositive activities, thoughoneequinedidnotcontinueintheprogram, andtwoVeterans explicitly engaged behaviors,withinstancesofdispleasure typicallyassociatedwithspecific more centralforsomeVeterans thanothers.Equinesgenerallyexhibitedrelaxed and their equinepartnersandenjoyedfindingconnectedness,thoughtherelationship seemed connect withotherVeterans. AllVeterans expressed mindfulnessoftheir relationship with outcomes on-andoff-site, particularly highlightingtheequinesandopportunityto and exitsurveys,volunteerobservations,conversationswithstaff. months andinterviewswithVeterans, supplementedwithphotographs,self-report intake 11 Veterans, 18equines,andtheirrelationships. Dataincludedobservationsoverseven program forVeterans through heuristicresearch methodology. Here, Ifocusspecificallyon (EFL)andpsychotherapy(EFP) of individualsinvolvedinanequine-facilitatedlearning human andequineparticipants?Thepurposeofthisproject wastoexplore theexperiences hypotheses existastowhysuchprograms mightbeeffective, butwhatisthe experienceof Equine-based programs forVeterans are gaininginnumberandpopularity. Anumberof University ofNorthernColorado,Greeley, CO,[email protected] LEARNING AND ANDHORSES:EXPLORINGANEQUINEFACILITATED HEROES 3B – Outcomes supportthatequine-basedmodelsforVeterans havepowerfultransformative Veterans feltthatparticipatingwasatransformativeexperiencewithnumberofpositive PSYCHOTHERAPY PROGRAMFORVETERANS service dogs.Theimplicationsforthefieldanthrozoology willbediscussed. well asimprove healthcare forveteranssuffering from PTSDthrough theapplicationof directions, whichmayprovide clarityandexpandknowledgeformedicalprofessions, as literature resulted inasynopsisofthestatescienceand recommendations forfuture retrieved amongthesmallbodyofrecent literature andninewere selected.Analysisofthis parameters includedpeer-reviewed publicationsfrom 2010andbeyond.Articleswere dogs,” “veterans,”“treatment,” “canines,”“military,” and“servicemembers.” Search included “servicedogs,”“PTSD,”“post-traumaticstress disorder,” “psychiatricservice application wasusedtoretrieve appropriate literature. Keywords fortheliterature search Colorado, AnschutzMedicalCampusHealthSciencesLibrary“FindIt”databasesearch service dogstoassistandpromote healing for veteranswithPTSD.TheUniversityof organized current literature inorder todeterminethestateofscienceonuse service dogsandPTSDislimited.Thissystematicreview collected,synthesized,and assistance toveteranssuffering from PTSD.However, thebodyofempiricalresearch on anecdotal evidencenowexistssupportingoftheusecaninesfortreatment and military, withdogsproviding workingsupportinvariousroles. Asubstantialbodyof for depression, isolation,andsuicide.There isahistoricalrelationship betweendogsandthe Veterans withpost-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD)are avulnerablepopulation,athighrisk Wounded Warriors), Aurora,[email protected] University ofColorado,CollegeNursing,C-P.A.W.W. (CaninesProvidingAssistanceto Cheryl A.Krause-Parello andSarahSarni OF THELITERATURE DOGS:ANINTEGRATED VETERANSANDSERVICE REVIEW 3C – Oral Presentations

31 ISAZ2015 32 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: Ascione, F. R.,andWeber, C.(1995).Battered partnershelter survey (BPSS).Logan:UtahStateUniversity. Reference animal-related needsbeyondimmediatehousing. programs, includingcreating comprehensive servicesthataddress thefullspectrumof will bediscussedintermsofimplicationsforbestpracticesanddevelopmentfuture program madeiteasierforthemtogetboththeiranimalsandthemselvessafety. Results threatened/harmed ananimalthemselves.Approximately 90% ofparticipantsindicatedthe having children whowitnessedthreats/harm toanimals;7%of thosechildren refusing totakesick/injured animalstoaveterinarian(12.24%). 25%ofparticipantsreported withholding food/water(16.10%),leavinganimalsoutsideinextreme weather(16.55%),and common formsofanimalabusewere hitting/kicking/striking/punching/throwing (44.22%), delay escaping,32%tocallingpolice,and29%refuse filingcharges. The most 50% ofparticipantsreported theabuserhadthreatened their animal(s), causing47%to Only 32%ofparticipantsreported beingasked abouttheiranimalsbyprevious agencies. Battered PartnerShelterSurvey(AscioneandWeber, 1995)andaprogram questionnaire. (37.38%), andotherspecies(19.31%).Participantscompletedamodifiedversionofthe of 39.38years( victims. Participantswere 362femaleprogram clientsandonemaleclient,withameanage from astatewideprogram providing animalhousingandotheranimal-related assistanceto to developmentofshelteringprograms forvictims’animals.Thisevaluationexamineddata Awareness ofconnectionsbetweenhumanandanimalsafetyindomesticviolencehasled Animals andSocietyInstitute,AnnArbor, MI,[email protected] Maya Gupta PERCEPTIONS VIOLENCE VICTIMSWITHPETS:CLIENTCHARACTERISTICSAND FINDINGSFROMA“SAFEHAVEN” PROGRAMFORDOMESTIC 3D – SD = 9.41)andanaverageof2.59animals( SD = 3.14):dogs(80.69%),cats treatment andprevention ofmentalhealthdisorders. dog group. Future research shouldfocusonhoweffective assistancedogswouldbeinthe ( significantly higherlevelsofconfidence( ( gender therefore wholegroup analysis occurred. using theMann-WhitneyUtest.Statisticalanalysisfoundnosignificantdifferences inageor alongside mentalhealthprofessionals. Unpaired scaledatawascollectedandanalysed dog, completedaquestionnaire basedonDSM-IV diagnosticcriteriaanddeveloped interaction andindependencelevels.Fortyparticipants,ofwhomtwentyownedaguide assessing thepresence ofdepression andanxietymarkersaswellconfidence,social 2011; Hamamaetal,Endenburg andvanLith,2010;Wells, 2009). positive impactonmentalhealth,emotionalwell-beingandsocialdevelopment(Burger etal, Fredrisckson, 2006).PetownershipandAnimalAssistedTherapyhaveshowntoa a targeted socialapproach totreatment strategies(Goncalvesetal,2009;Waugh and Current treatment optionshaveshowntoyieldpoorsuccessrates,highlightingtheneedfor of lifeandhashigheconomiccosts(McCrone etal,2008;MendlowiczandStein,2000). disability (Kessleretal,2010;World HealthOrganization, 2008).Mentalillnessaffects quality Depression andanxietyhaveahighprevalence rate,accountingfor40%ofworldwide College,Gloucester,Hartpury [email protected] andLucyClarke Estelle Vickery PSYCHOLOGICALBENEFITSOFGUIDEDOGOWNERSHIP 3E – p p < 0.0001, < 0.0001, Results foundthatguidedogownersidentifiedsignificantlyfewerdepression markers This studyaimedtodeterminewhetherGuideDogownersreceived similarbenefitsby U U = 26, = 17, df df = 1)andsocialinteraction( = 1),anxietymarkers( p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, U = 69.5, U = 78, U df = 47, = 1)independence df = 1)andhad df = 1),thantheno Oral Presentations

33 ISAZ2015 34 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: MitsuakiOhta p DOV: 95.6(136.9);NDV: 53.4(50.4);Mann-Whitney’s SDO compared toNDV(mean(S.D.)—GP: 86.0(66.0);LDO:106.6(68.9);SDO:88.6(73.0); owners (SDO)). without visualimpairments(43large petdogowners(LDO),and196small/medium impairments (DOV),143personswithvisual(NDV),239petdogowners organizations forpeoplewithvisualimpairments,andgroups forpetdogowners. visual impairmentswholivewithpetdogs,through guidedogtrainingorganizations, to peoplewithvisualimpairmentswholivewith/withoutguide/petdogs,andwithout where environmental andculturalaspectsdiffer from theU.S.Theweb-surveywasprovided durations thanlarge andsmallpetdogowners.We investigatedwhetheritissimilarinJapan Our U.S.studyhasindicatedthatguidedogpartnerswalkeddailyforsignificantlylonger 2 1 Mariko Yamamoto DOGS ANDPET WALKING ACTIVITIESOFPEOPLEINJAPAN LIVINGWITHGUIDE 3F – Pfizer/Zoetis. healthy lifestyleintermsofwalkingactivity. We appreciate thepartialsupportfrom all 1.0, SDO:0.103(CI:0.023-0.464);DOV: 0.034(CI:0.008-0.144);NDV: 0.032(CI:0.005-0.198), than SDO,DOV, andNDV(adjustedoddsratio(95%confidenceinterval:CI)whenGPwas showed thatsignificantlymore GPsatisfiedtherecommended walkingtime(30+min/day) Azabu University, Sagamihara,Kanagawa,Japan. University ofCalifornia,Davis,CA,[email protected] < 0.001;GP/NDV: p Total walkingdurations(with/withoutadog)were significantlylongerinGP, LDO,and We collectedanswersfrom 169guidedogpartners(GP),17petownerswithvisual < 0.01).Theresults indicatethatJapanese guide dogpartnersalsoexperiencea 2 and Lynette Hart r = 0.37;LDO/NDV: 1 , SayakaSeto r 1 = 0.47;SDO/NDV: 2 , MiraiFujita U test withBonferroni correction: all 2 r , NobuyoOhtani = 0.33).Thelogisticregression 2 , playfulness duringOT-AAT. Effect sizeindicatedamediumeffect ( sessions were scored post-treatment usingtheTest ofPlayfulness. intervention intwophases,traditionaloccupationaltherapyandOT-AAT. Video recorded Independence. Participantsreceived oneor twosessionsweeklyovereightweeksof Labrador professionally trainedandselected forOT-AAT byCanineCompanionsfor impairment, autism,andcerebral palsy. Thetrainedtherapydogwasafive-year-old golden scores duringOT-AAT. Paired girls andfourboys,ages6–13( influenced theplayfulnessofchildren withdevelopmental disabilities.Participantswere six incorporation ofatrainedtherapydogintooccupational(OT-AAT) significantly improved playfulnessduringOT-AAT ( positive changesasaresult ofAnimal-Assisted Therapy. studies (from outsideoccupationaltherapy) haveindicatedamore playfulmoodandother developmental disabilitiesoftenexhibitdelaysintheareas ofplayandplayfulness.Prior Occupational therapistsconsiderplayaprimaryoccupationofchildren, andchildren with Assisted Therapycouldimprove playfulnessinchildren withdevelopmentaldisabilities. Based ontheknowledgethatcompanionanimalshelptypicallydevelopingchildren, Animal- Virginia CommonwealthUniversity, Richmond,VA, [email protected] Jennie DapiceFeinstein,ShellyJ.LaneandSandraB.Barker Student AwardNominee DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES ANIMAL-ASSISTED EFFECTS OFOCCUPATIONAL THERAPYINCORPORATING 3G – free-play andassociatedplayfulness. playfulness inchildren withdevelopmental disabilities, aswellastudyexaminingOT-AAT, a foundationforincorporatinganimalsintooccupationaltherapypracticeaddressing Visual analysisindicated60%ofparticipants demonstratedsmallincreases intotal This single-subjectmultiplebaselineA-Bdesignstudy( THERAPY ONPLAYFULNESS INCHILDRENWITH t -tests ofaggregated group dataindicatedsignificantly M = 10.4)withdevelopmentaldisabilitiesincludingvisual t (9) = 3.9, df = 9, p < .05).Suggestiveresults establish n = 10)examinedwhether d = 0.21)onplayfulness Oral Presentations

35 ISAZ2015 36 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: children andcompanionanimalsare importanttothesafetyof both. animal maybeabetterfit.Behaviorofthechildandsupervisioninteractionsbetween families ofchildren companion withASDexperiencebenefits.Inotherfamilies,analternative Conclusion: children withASD. companionanimalswerealternative alsoidentified,mostnotablythebenefitsofcatsfor burdens, safetyofchildren anddogs,fitofdogswithfamilies.Thereported benefitsof Results: caregivers (i.e.parents, orgrandparents) ( the meaningoftheirlivedexperienceswithdogs,asperceived bythechildren’s nature ofthesefamilies”experienceslivingwithdogs.Phenomenologywasusedtoexplore participate inresearch. Anopen-endedquestionwasusedas aninquirytoelucidatethe families. TheIANconnectsindividualswithoneanother, aswellwithopportunitiesto Interactive AutismNetwork(IAN),anonlinecommunityforindividualswithASDandtheir Methods: explore theexperiencesoffamilieschildren withASDlivingdogs. the familiesofchildren withAutismSpectrumDisorder (ASD).Theaimofthisstudywasto Introduction: [email protected] University ofMissouri,ResearchCenterforHumanAnimalInteraction,Columbia,MO,USA. Gretchen K.Carlisle,FrancescaTocco and OTHER CAREGIVERS THE EXPERIENCESOFFAMILIES ASPERCEIVEDBYPARENTS AND CHILDRENWITH AUTISMANDTHEIRCOMPANION ANIMALS: 3H – Six majorthemesemerged from opportunities, thedata:bonding,benefits,learning This cross-sectional surveywasoffered topotentialparticipantsthrough the When asuccessfulmatchofdogandfamilycharacteristicsisachieved,many Companion animalshavebeenincreasingly recognized fortherole theyplayin n = 338). Jessica Bibbo important findinggiventhatEFplaysanintegralrole inacademicandsocialfunctioning. presence ofadoghelpsyouthwithemotional disorders engageinEFprocesses, an participation ratesinphysiologicaltestsimpactedresults. Thedatasuggestthatthe a dogdidnothavesignificanteffect onphysiologicalstress. However, itislikelythatlow memory orinhibitorycontrol were notfound.Contrarytoprevious research, thepresence of and inhibitiontasksmore quicklythanchildren. Expectedage-related differences inworking children onset-shiftingandsustainedattention tasks.Adolescentsalsocompletedattention age-related effects significantlyhigherscores onEFshowedthatadolescentsearned than better onstandardized executivetasksthat required inhibition, measures ANOVAs showedthatparticipantsinthedogconditionperformedsignificantly blood pressure) inyouthwithemotionaldisorders ( dog onexecutivefunctioning(EF)andphysiologicalindicatorsofstress (heartrateand expanded upontheliterature bycomparingtheeffects ofthepresence ofadogversustoy favorably influencespsychologicalfunctioningandreduces physiologicalstress. Thisstudy Theories ofhuman–animalinteractionssuggestthatdogsoffer socialsupport,which Therapy dogsare increasingly usedininterventionsforyouthwithemotionaldisorders. [email protected] Chimneys,400DoansburgRd.,Brewster,Green NY, 10509,USA. Joanna LeighBecker STRESS INCHILDRENWITHEMOTIONALDISORDERS PRESENCEOFADOGONEXECUTIVEFUNCTIONINGAND 3I – attention tasksfaster, 2 = .17;andcompletedset-shifting, F (1, 35) = 6.13, p = .018, F (1, 35) = 4.31, 2 =.15, thaninthetoycondition.Analysesof n p = 38;ages7–15).Resultsofrepeated = .045, 2 F = .11,andsustained (1, 31) = 6.69, p Oral Presentations = .019,

37 ISAZ2015 38 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: Kate Trujillo whether thisproximal effect translatesintoimproved clinicaloutcomes. protocol inafamilypreservation environment. Additionalfamiliesare beingrecruited totest ( SOC+AAI familiesin3ofthe4targeted parenting skills,withnearstatisticalsignificance statistically significant( collected on22families,11ineachcohort.InWilcoxonRank-Sumtests(one-sided), in NCFAS-R scores andclinicaloutcomesbetweenthetwocohorts.To date,datahasbeen volunteer handler-dog team.ImpactoftheAAIprotocol ismeasured bycomparingchanges 12-session AAIprotocol implementedbytheirfamilypreservation servicescliniciananda care plusAAI(SOC+AAI)cohortsofthestudy. FamiliesintheSOC+AAIcohortreceive the to participateare beingrandomlyassignedtothestandard-of-care (SOC)andstandard-of- disposition ofthechildren andone-yearrecidivism rates).One hundred familiesthatconsent Reunification (NCFAS-R)) andstandard clinicaloutcomes(timeintheprogram, final instrument forparenting andfamilyfunction(NorthCarolina Family AssessmentScalefor incorporates arandomizedcontrol, astatistically justifiedsamplesize,avalidatedtracking Family RetentionProgram atSavio,afamilyservicesorganization inColorado.Thestudy appropriate expectations,bondinganddisciplinary practices)isbeingmeasured inthe intervention (AAI)protocol targeting fourcommonparenting skilldeficiencies(supervision, for improving familypreservation servicesare needed.Theefficacy ofananimal-assisted With overahalf-millionchildren infostercare intheUSA.additional evidence-basedtools 5 4 3 2 1 Kevin Morris THE SAVIO STUDY WITHINAFAMILY INTERVENTION PRESERVATION PROGRAM— MEASURING THEEFFICACYOFANANIMAL-ASSISTED 3J – p Metropolitan StateUniversityofDenver, USA. Denver PetPartners,USA. American HumaneAssociation,USA. Savio, USA University ofDenver, Denver, CO,[email protected] < 0.10)reached inthefourth.Thisfindingdemonstratesproximal efficacy oftheAAI 5 1 and PhilTedeschi , JuliaRoguski p < 0.05)improvements havealready beenmeasured inthe 2 , AmyMcCullough 1 3 , DianaMcQuarrie 4 , measured areas; especiallyregarding emotionregulation ( Results: p Eta depression ( included GLMprocedures andEta emotional competencies(SEE[BehrandBecker, 2004])were employed.Statisticalanalysis concept (SDQ-III[Marsh,2003]),emotionalstatus(EMI-B[UllrichandMynck,2001]) therapy targeting socio-emotionalcompetencies.Self-report questionnaires tomeasure self- addicted criminaloffenders (36male, 27female)participatedinadog-assistedgroup Methodology andStatisticalAnalysis: therapy. current studywastoidentifygenderdifferences regarding theeffects ofdog-assistedgroup new programs havebeenstarted,thelack of scientificresults isstartling.Thegoalofthe prisoners hasacquired importanceandurgency” since2009(UNODC,2009).Andalthough Introduction: UrsulaHandlos 3 2 1 Birgit U.Stetina FROM DOG-ASSISTEDGROUPTHERAPYTHANMEN GAPSINAAT? GENDER WOMENINPRISONBENEFITLESS 3K – for womanare neededtomatch theirneeds. women seemtoprofit lessfrom theusedprogram thanmen.Especiallydesignedprograms AAT hasbeenfoundtobepromising forfemaleprisonersaswellinthecurrent study. But 2013) studiesindiverseAustrianmaleprisonerpopulations haveshowndifferent results. contributing factorregarding thedevelopmentofskillsinprison forwomen(Jasperson, Conclusions: in theirself-conceptregarding relations (samesex( p opposite sex( Department ofPsychology, UniversityVienna, SigmundFreud [email protected] Special EducationCenterforIntegrativeSupport,CitySchoolBoardVienna, Austria. Vienna-Favoriten,Penitentiary Austria = 0.002,Eta < 0.001,Eta 2 = 0.101)andemotionalstatus(anxiety(

NOTWomen tendtobenefitsignificantlylessfrom theAAT program inmost PRESENTED F With theincrease offemaleprisonersworldwide“thetreatment ofwomen Although recent research hasshown thatadogmightnotberelevant (1,61) 2 2 F (1,61) = 0.153). = 0.218)).Theanalysisonlyshowedsignificantlybettereffects forfemales = 15.014, 3 = 15.493, 1 , AlexandraWischall-Wagner, JuliaNetousek p p < 0.001,Eta < 0.001,Eta 2 as concurrent effect sizemeasure. Using apre-post design,63incarcerated drug 2 = 0.198)andaggression ( 2 F = 0.205)andtrustworthiness( (1,61) = 10.265, F (1,60) = 7.742, F (1,61) p = 0.002,Eta20.144), = 6.868, p = 0.007,Eta F (1,61) p = 17.030, = 0.11, F Oral Presentations (1,61) 2 and 2 = 10.844, = 0.114),

39 ISAZ2015 40 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: human attitudes,experienceandeducationondogbiterisk. study provide astrong foundationuponwhichtobasefurtherresearch intotheinfluenceof are heldfortermssuchas“aggression,” “dangerous dog,”and“bite.”Theresults ofthis canine aggressive behaviour. Theyalsoinvalidatetheassumptionthatconsistentdefinitions between focusgroups. defensive anddangerous behaviour. However, thisdistinctiondiffered bothwithinand considered rationalisationofincidents.Participants separatedtheconceptsofexcusable, the behaviourofoffending dog, whereas professional discussionwastypifiedby professional groups presented more emotionallycharged views,particularlywhendefending marked overlapbetweennon-professional andprofessional discussion. However, non- educational andexperientialdifferences betweensubsets,thematicmappingshowed subset (comprisinganacademicgroup, behaviouristgroup and veterinarysurgeons” group). two groups ofdogownersandonegroup ofamateurdogtrainers)andaprofessional of whomwere male.Thesixgroups were dividedintoanon-professional subset(comprising Each group comprised5–10members(mean=7).Intotal,43participantswere involved,8 behaviour indogs?” addressed thequestion“Howdodifferent peopleperceive andrationaliseaggressive needed toinformfurtherresearch andbehaviouraltreatment. Thisexploratorystudy causal factors.Adeeperunderstandingofthehumanexperienceaggressive behaviour is Canine aggressive behaviouristypicallyresearched quantitativelyinaneffort todetermine School ofPsychology, UniversityofLincoln,[email protected] Rachel Orritt,HarrietGross andTodd E.Hogue NON-PROFESSIONAL GROUPS AGGRESSIVEBEHAVIOUR BYPROFESSIONALAND PERCEPTIONSANDATTITUDES TOWARDS CANINE 4A – Saratoga Ballroom2–1430-1530 Animal Welfare Session 4:Shelters/HumaneEducation/ These findingshaveimplicationsfortheinterpretation ofownerself-report regarding Orthographic transcriptsofthediscussionswere analysedthematically. Despitethe Six focusgroups were conductedtoinvestigateparticipants” experiencesandviews. lizard, turtle,andfrog owners( how reptile andamphibianownersattempttomeettheirpets’needs.We recruited snake, Owner managementpracticeslikelyimpactpetanimalwelfare. Littleresearch hasexamined [email protected] School ofPsychologicalScience,LaTrobe University, Bendigo,Victoria, Australia. Tiffani J.HowellandPauleenC.Bennett PRACTICESBYOWNERSINVICTORIA,AUSTRALIA PETSNAKE,LIZARD,FROG,ANDTURTLE MANAGEMENT 4B – 85.0/100; andturtleowners:74.5/100. Frog ownersreceived ameanscore of77.9/100;snakeowners:86.8/100; lizard owners: participant, withahigherscore indicatingahigherperceived welfare outcomefortheanimal. survey, foruseinfuture educational campaigns.Atotalof100pointswere possibleper affect respiratory health.Apetwelfare “scorecard” wascreated from someitemsinthe owners: 33%;turtle85%;snake59%;lizard owners:49%),whichmay Practice. Also,manyownersare notaware ofthehumiditylevel intheirpet’s enclosure (frog their pet’s enclosure istoosmalltomeettheminimumstandards intherelevant Codeof 50% ofterrestrial snakeowners,82%offrog owners,and40%oflizard ownersreport that and speciestype).Ownersare generallyeffective inmeetingtheirpet’s welfare needs,but vary byspecies,socorrelations determined relationships betweenreported temperatures relationships betweenanimaltypeandownerpractices(e.g.idealenclosure temperatures were 10to17yearsold.Descriptivedatawere reported, andcorrelations identified behavioural, social,andhealthneeds.Mostownerswere atleast18yearsold,but 28% online surveydetailinghowtheymanagetheirpet’s environmental, diet/exercise, n = 557;50%male),inVictoria, Australia,tocompletean Oral Presentations

41 ISAZ2015 42 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: ( dogs. Menneutered theirmaledogssignificantlylessoftenthanwomen:65%vs.77% dog ownersfrom breed anddogclubstheirreasons forneuteringornottheir specified bysomebreeders. Thisproject explored inawebsurveyofover3,000engaged year ofage.Sheltersgenerallyrequire neuteringpriortoadoption, andneuteringisalso dogs ispaired withincreased neuteringofthem.Dogsare commonlyneutered before one obesity, andevenage-related cognitivedysfunction.Yet America’s increased appreciation of risks are associatedwithneutering,including,jointdisorders cancers,urinaryincontinence, of malesandfemalesiscommon,evenpromoted, despitemore severe surgeries. Increased dog cognition,wesurgically alterdogs.Earcropping andtaildockingdiminish,butneutering Despite thehuman–animalbond,preponderance ofanthropomorphism, andappreciation of Davis,CA,[email protected], University ofCalifornia, Lynette A.Hart,MarikoYamamoto, Abigail ThigpenandBenjaminHart CANADA, ANDUK WHY MENANDWOMENNEUTERTHEIRDOGS,INTHEU.S., 4C – primary reason fornotneuteringbeingbreeding; bycountrythiswasUS(27%, Canada, andUK(US:82%, biology andhormonalstatus(men,18%;women,20%).NeuteringwastypicalintheUS, intact, primarilyforbreeding (men,43%;women,28%, Canada (39%, p = 0.001, = 0.07).Fewmen(28%, n = 37);UK(13%, n = 2202;Canada:85%, n = 2).Thedifference wasmarginally insignificant. n = 63)andwomen(19%, n = 87;UK:73%, p = 0.01, n = 580)hadkeptdogs = 0.10)andfornormal n = 258),withthe n = 141); with theequestriancommunity. bushfire informationmaterialstobedesignedandevaluatedthrough furtherengagement on otherpeople’s properties. Ourfindingshighlighttheneedformore comprehensive Preemptive relocation isidentifiedasparticularlychallenging for thosewhokeeptheirhorses reasons fornon-complianceare complexandrangefrom personaltopracticalfactors. However, theextendedexplanationscaptured insemi-structured interviewssuggestthat fire, onepersonarrangedforthesafetyoftheirhorsesandonlytworelocated theirhorses. written bushfire plan,75%hadamentalplanand17%noplan.Whenfirstaware ofthe descriptive statisticalandqualitativedataanalysis. significant fire eventsinSouthAustraliaJanuary2014.Transcripts were subjectto research wastodeterminecomplianceandidentifybarriers. preemptive relocation atleastthedaybefore aforecast catastrophic fire day. Theaimofthis bushfire actionplanthatincludespetsandanimals.Theadvicegiventohorseguardians is premature return. Australianfire servicesencouragehouseholderstodevelopawritten During disasters,companionanimalsare anidentifiedriskforevacuationfailure or [email protected] Central QueenslandUniversity, AppletonInstitute,Wayville, SouthAustralia. Kirrilly Thompson,BradleySmithandJoshuaTrigg IN SOUTHAUSTRALIA THREAT? COMPLIANCE WITHPRE-EMPTIVERELOCATION ADVICE HOWDOHORSEGUARDIANSRESPONDTOBUSHFIRE 4D – Overall, horseguardians demonstratedverylowcompliancewithpre-emptive relocation. Twelve participantswere responsible forhorses/ponies.Priortothefires, 8%hada Semi-structured interviewswere conductedwith172householdersthreatened bythree Oral Presentations

43 ISAZ2015 44 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: demonstrate thatorigin(stray, ownersurrendered, etc.)influencessociability( information aboutthepasthistoryofcat,whichwascollecteduponintake.Results individuals prefer tospendtimetogether. Theseindiceswere examinedinrelation to or solitaryeachindividualis,andanassociationindex,whichindicatespairsof These datawere usedtoformaconspecificsociabilityindex,whichindicateshowsociable assess howfrequently individualcatswere incloseproximity orcontactwithothercats. of twotosixindividualsattheSPCAWestern NewYork. Scansampleswere usedto they are interactingsocially. Iobserved49adultcats(25male,24female)housedingroups space. Inevaluatingthewelfare catsincolonyhousing,itisimportanttounderstandhow Colony housingofcatsallowssheltersmaximizethenumberhousedinlimited USA. [email protected] Department ofAnimalBehavior, Ecology, CanisiusCollege,Buffalo,NY, andConservation, Malini Suchak,KalinaBraccoandMichaelPiombino IN ASSOCIATION WITHCONSPECIFICS COLONYHOUSEDSHELTER CATS SHOWHIGHVARIABILITY 4E – accommodations shouldbemadeforlesssociableindividuals. cats incolonyhousingshouldtakeintoaccountthepasthistoryofindividualcatand Implications forthewelfare oflesssociableindividualswillbediscussed.Decisionstoplace with anotherindividualandtimespentinassociation( df = 47, p = 0.01),however, there isnotadirect relationship betweenprevious experience U = 727.5, df = 48, p = 0.78). 2 = 9.29, recruitment ( tookplaceovertheinternet recruited universitystudents.Study3waslongitudinal(5-monthlagbetweentimepoints); it shouldhenceleadtoagreater tendencyto favoranimals. animals andhumans.Identificationwithimpliesasenseofsolidarityallanimals; identification withanimalsinpredicting how valuedresources are distributedbetween relations (Tajfel andTurner, 1986).Three studiesapplytheseprinciplestotesttherole of Historically, socialpsychologicalprincipleshaverarely beenappliedtohuman–animal in favorofhumansoveranimals(Study1, interests ofanimalsandhumans(Petrinovichetal.,1993). (e.g., SPCA)andhumans(UNICEF),whereas Study3includedmoraldilemmaspittingthe where participantsdistributed$100betweencharitableorganisations thathelp animals over humansusingafeelingthermometer, Study2includedameasure ofmoneydistribution identification withanimals(Leachetal.,2008).Study1assessedbiasinfavorof 2 1 Catherine E.Amiot THEORIESTOTHEREALMOFHUMAN–ANIMALRELATIONS ANIMALSANDHUMANS:ANAPPLICATION OFINTERGROUP PREDICTINGVALUED RESOURCEDISTRIBUTIONSBETWEEN THEROLEOFSOCIALIDENTIFICATION WITHANIMALSIN 4F – identity thatpredicts consequentialoutcomesforthefuture ofanimalsandhumans. animals relative tohumansindilemmas( revealed thatidentificationwithanimalswas associatedwithagreater likelihoodofsaving charities thathelpanimals(SPCA, revealed positiveassociationsbetweenidentification withanimalsandgreater donationsto The UniversityofNewSouthWales. Université duQuébecàMontréal,Québec,[email protected] Studies 1( Multiple regressions revealed thathigheridentificationwithanimalspredicted lowerbias The findingsconfirmtherelevance ofidentification withanimalsasasuperordinate n = 90;ages18–56)and2( 1 and Brock Bastian =.36, r n = .20, p = 165;ages18–69).Allstudiesassessedsocial n = -.55, < .001;WWF, = 98;ages20–51)were cross-sectional and p < .05). 2 p = .000).InStudy2,regressions = -.29, p < .001).Study3 Oral Presentations

45 ISAZ2015 46 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: of Romanianadults( factors involvedinthedecisiontosupportconservationofendangered animalspecies. influence pro-social behaviorsrelated totheenvironment. The TheoryofPlannedBehaviorproved tobeausefulmodelindeterminingthefactors that profit organizations face,thusoftenencouragingthegeneralpublictocontribute financially. funds tosupportconservationefforts isoneofthemajorproblems ornon- thatgovernment studies thataddress thisissueintheConservationPsychologyorHAIfields.Thelackof Although itisknownthattherateofspecies’extinctionworldwidealarming,there are few 2 [email protected] 1 Livia Apostol CONSERVATION OFENDANGEREDANIMALSPECIES PEOPLE’S INTENTIONTOFINANCIALLY SUPPORT THE APPLYING THETHEORYOFPLANNEDBEHAVIOR TOPREDICT 4G – model ( ofSpeciesScale Conservation Behavioral ControlandSelf-EfficacyScale,TheIntentiontoContributeFinanciallyforthe oftheSpeciesScale,ThePerceived Attitudes towardsDonationsforConservation and completedthefollowingscales,especiallycreated forthepurposeofthisstudy: fundraising campaignsforwildanimals”conservation. control, self-efficacy, pastdonationsandpositiveattitudestowards donation. intention topayforanimalconservation,withuniquepredictors: perceived behavioral Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca,Romania. University ofAgriculturalSciencesandVeterinary Medicine,Cluj-Napoca,Romania. A transversalcorrelational designwasused.Datawere collectedonline,from asample This studyaimedtoestablishthemostrelevant cognitive,emotionalandattitudinal The hierarchical multipleregression analysisperformedledustoestablishapredictive These results canbeusefulincreating successfuleducational,awareness and F (6, 2676) = 764.709, 1 , M.Miclea n = 2683).Theparticipantsanswered socio-demographicquestions p <.001) responsible for63.1%ofthevarianceinpeoples” , andtwoquestionstodeterminePastBehavior. 2 and I.Papuc 1 The and (c)thepoliciesofonesheltercangreatly affect another. dependent onintakeanimaltype;(c)increasing liverelease ratereduce ananimal’s welfare Conclusions: open admissionshelter. shelters. Limitingadmissioninthe“nokill”shelterhasasignificantlynegativeimpacton shelters performance.Adualsheltermodelwasruntoanalyzethepolicychangesacross Increasing thenumberofanimalsthatare more difficult toplacesignificantlydecreases the length ofstay(LOS)byover300%,increased costsby50%,reduced adoptionsby27. 28% drop inintakes,increased un-servicedanimalsform0% to42%,increased average performance aswellananimal’s welfare. Changefrom 85%LRRto95%causeda Results: intakes, animalinventory, adoptions,capacity, lengthofstay, costandadoptionrevenue. the datavariables.Eachrealization ofthemodel produced keyoutputsthatincluded to investigatetheimpactonacommunity. Probability distributionswere created foreachof various LRR,euthanasiaandintakepoliciesonshelteroperations.Themodelwasextended Methods: impact ofchangesinLRRandintakepolicies. distinct biasesandlimitations.Inthisstudy, stochasticmodelingisutilizedtoexaminethe Introduction: Animal AssistanceFoundation,Lakewood,CO,[email protected] Roger Haston THROUGH THEUSEOFSTOCHASTICMODELING. RELEASERATE ANDINTAKE POLICIESONANIMALWELFARE BEYONDLABELS:UNDERSTANDING THEIMPACT OFLIVE 4H – Changes intheLRRcanhaveasignificanteffect onthekeyattributesofashelter Utilizing publisheddata,astochasticmodelwasbuilttoanalyzetheimpactof Live release rate(LRR)isastandard formeasuringsuccess.Themetrichas (a) LRRisinsufficient tomeasure thesuccess;(b)shelterperformanceishighly Oral Presentations

47 ISAZ2015 48 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: lasting positiveimpactonthewaythatchildren thinkandfeelaboutanimals. months, risingagainto0.87aftertwoyears.Theseresults indicatethattheprogram hasa The effect sizeimmediatelypostinterventionwasfoundtobe0.67.Thisfell to0.59aftersix for thedifference inthedistributionofresiduals betweentheinterventionandcontrol groups. measure estimatesonthoseofthebaselineassessment.Effect sizeswere thencalculated modelling approach. Alinearregression wasperformedforeachofthefivepostintervention study. Thesedatawere usedtoconstructintervallevelmeasure estimatesusingaRasch reassessed atsixmonthlyintervalsforafurther twoyears. after whichfollow-updatawere collectedusingthesameinstrument.Thechildren were then which there wasnoformalanimalwelfare instruction.Theintervention lastedsixmonths, (aged 8+)from three schoolsrunningtheprogram andacontrol group ofthree schoolsin developed specificallyforthepurpose.Baselinedatawere gathered forGrade2children attitudes andpromote empathytoward animals. following astructured animalwelfare curriculum.Theprogram isintendedtodevelop program inEthiopiainvolvesdeliveringaweeklyone-hourextracurricularlessontochildren operating incountrieswithlarge populationsofworkinganimals.SPANA’s education Established in1923,SPANA animalwelfare isaninternational organisation principally The SocietyfortheProtectionofAnimalsAbroad,London,[email protected] Stephen Albone,NigatuAklilu,KefyalewMideksaandDianaHulme SPANA’S ANIMALWELFARE EDUCATION PROGRAMINETHIOPIA LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP OFTHEEFFECTIVENESS 4I – A completesetofdatawascollectedfor176out405children thatparticipatedinthe Evaluation oftheprogram wascarriedoutusinga Caring forAnimalsQuestionnaire Oral Presentations: Thursday, July9 unpublished trials(Cohen’s analysis revealed thattheaverageeffect sizeofpublishedAAT trialswasnearlytwicethatof for theeffectiveness ofAAT. Forexample,are-analysis oftheNimerandLundahlmeta- in scienceagainstthepublicationofnegativeresults mayexplainthehighdegree ofsupport Key Findings: Nimer andLundahl(2007),O’Haire (2013). Chur-Hansen, etal.(2014),FriedmanandSon(2009),Kamioka,Marino (2012), Methods: bias, selectivereporting ofresults, andthe“spinning”ofresearch findings. aboutvalidityandreplicationconcerns inscience.Amongtheseare positivepublication findings false?”Iwillexamineanimal-assistedtherapy(AAT) clinicaltrialsinlightofrecent Introduction: Western CarolinaUniversity, Cullowhee,NC,[email protected] Harold Herzog THERAPY? HOWVALID ARECLINICALTRIALSOFANIMAL-ASSISTED 5A – Saratoga Ballroom 3–1100–1300 Session 5:AAI/AAT investigators shouldalsopre-register studiesandpost results atthissite. results ofsuccessfulandunsuccessfulstudiesatthewebsiteclinicaltrials.gov. AAT researchers intheUnitedStates are required to pre-register trialsandsubsequentlypostthe negative aswellpositiveresults forpublication.To control forpublicationbias,medical Conclusions: use ofanimalsintherapy. literature include“cherrypicking”results, loweffect sizes,andresearcher allegiancetothe This review isbasedonsevenmeta-analysesofAAT trials:Anestis,etal.(2015), John Ioannidis(2005)famouslyasked,“Whyare mostpublishedresearch AAT investigatorsshouldreport research findingsaccuratelyandsubmit Over 95%ofAAT studiesreported positiveresults. Thewell-documentedbias d = .53versus d = .28).Otherthreats tovalidityintheAAT Oral Presentations

49 ISAZ2015 50 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: sufficiently hightoaffect measurablelevelsofsNGF, nortoyieldsignificantchangesinsAA. trend toward lowersAAlevelsfollowingAAA,itmaybethatstudent stress levelswere not intervention toreduce perceived stress incollegestudentsbefore exams.Whilethere wasa subjected toanalysis. condition. ThemajorityofsNGFresults were intheundetectable rangeandtherefore not control condition.Nosignificantpre-post differences were foundforsAAeither t large effect sizes,regardless oforder (AAAfirst: comparisons ofmeansrevealed significant pre-post decreases inSVAS scores forAAAwith commensurate withthetimingofAAA,forSVAS, [F(df)=17.78(2,165)].Posthoc alpha amylase(sAA),andsalivarynervegrowth factor(sNGF). collected pre- andpost-conditionincluded aStress Visual AnalogScale(SVAS), salivary condition involvedcompletingtheFamilyLife-SpaceDiagram(FLSD).Outcomemeasures varied sizes,ages,andbreeds, participatedintheAAAconditiontwoshifts.Thecontrol involved freely interactingwithfivetherapy dogs,andtenexperiencedtherapydogsof randomly assignedtoorder of15-minuteAAAandattention-control conditions.AAA physiological stress indicators.78collegestudents(76%female,meanage=19.38)were activity (AAA)onstudentstress byincludingacontrol group, randomassignmentand This studystrengthens priorresearch investigatingeffects ofacampusanimal-assisted 2 1 Sandra B.Barker PHYSIOLOGICAL ANDPERCEIVEDSTRESSPRIORTOFINALEXAMS CAMPUS ANIMAL-ASSISTEDACTIVITY(AAA)ONCOLLEGESTUDENT RANDOMIZEDCONTROLLEDSTUDYOFTHEEFFECTA A 5B – ChristineM.Schubert-Kabban Air ForceInstituteofTechnology Virginia CommonwealthUniversity, Richmond,VA, [email protected] = 5.73, Growing inpopularity, campusAAAeventsmayrepresent aneffective, lowcost Repeated measures ANOVA revealed asignificantorder byconditioninteraction, p = 0.0001, d 1 = 1.63).Nosignificantpre-post SVAS differences were foundforthe Randolph T. Barker 2 t = 4.58, 1 , NancyL.McCain p = 0.0001, d = 1.87;AAAsecond: 1 and purebred) andvolunteerhandlers( conducted andrevealed: 1)asignificantmain effect oftimeforconnectedness, connectedness tocampusandlevelsofhomesickness.Arepeated measures ANOVA was measures were administered toassesschangesinparticipant’s perceptions of Control participantsfollowedawait-list“business-as-usual” model.Pre- andpost-test homesickness, participants gender, asignificantinteractionbetweentimeandtreatment group for (post p implications foreducatorslookingtoenhanceon-campusprogramming. access totherapydogssupportsstudents”socialandemotionalwell-beinghold Treatment participantswere randomlyassignedtotherapydogs( study conditions,participantsself-selectedtotreatment ( (Mean age=18.30, to campusandhomesickness.Participantswere mostlyfemale(82%)first-yearstudents administered animal-assistedtherapyinterventiononstudents”feelingsofconnectedness aim ofthisquasi-experimentalstudywastoexaminetheeffects ofan8-week,group- increasingly seekingwaystosupportthesocialandemotionalwell-beingofstudents.The The transitionfrom highschooltouniversityisatimeofincreased stress anduniversitiesare University ofBritishColumbia,Okanagan,BC,[email protected] John-Tyler Binfet UNIVERSITYSTUDENTSSOCIALANDEMOTIONALWELL-BEING ADMINISTEREDANIMAL-ASSISTEDTHERAPYONFIRST-YEAR HEAVY PETTINGONCAMPUS:THEEFFECTSOFGROUP- 5C – = 0.04, M = 2.76,

NOT2 PRESENTED = 0.10,withparticipantsreporting higherconnectednessaftertheintervention F SD (1, 39) = 0.12)thanatbaseline(pre SD = 10.19, = .54)attendingalarge publicuniversityinWestern Canada.Blindto p < 0.01, n = 20,95%female)forweekly45-minutesessions. 2 = 0.207.Findingssupportthecontentionthat M = 2.49, n SD = 22)orcontrol ( = 0.12);and2)controlling for n = 20,55%female,50% n = 20)groups. Oral Presentations F (1, 40) = 4.40,

51 ISAZ2015 52 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: that hygieneproblems occurred ( significantly more strongly negatedthattheanimalsare disturbing( state thattheybenefitthemselvesfrom thepresence oftheanimals. time. 86.6%ofthestaff indicated apositiveattitude.Moreover, more thanhalfofallthestaff anticipated problems ofhygieneand38%feared injuriesandbites. AAT atREHABBasel.Only9%ofthestaff were criticalor negativebut30%ofthestaff Results: statistics, Spearmen’s correlations andWilcoxonsigned-ranktests. questionnaires were returned. Allquestionnaires were analyzedinSPSSusingdescriptive implementation ofAAT. Ayearlaterafollow-upsurveywith29itemswasdone.164 Methods: Here, wepresent thefollow-upofstaff’s attitudestowards AAT afterayearofpractice. rehabilitation centerforparaplegiaandcraniocerebral injurytraumapatientsinSwitzerland. Introduction: 4 3 2 1 Karin Hediger THERAPY INASWISSREHABILITATION CLINIC DEVELOPMENTOFATTITUDES TOWARDS ANIMAL-ASSISTED 5D – experiences made. possible problems. Thepositiveattitudesremained stableinthecontextofpractical questionnaire showsthatthereal experienceswere more positivethanexpectedregarding clinic hadpositiveexpectations.Ayearaftertheimplementation,follow-up Conclusion: University ofBasel. Swiss Tropical andPublicHealthInstitute. researchonthehuman–animalrelationship) IEMT Switzerland(Instituteforinterdisciplinary REHAB Basel,[email protected] Significantly changed,though,havetheattitudestowards problems: employees In thesecondsurvey, attitudestowards AAT ingeneraldidnotchangesignificantlyover In thefirstsurvey, amajorityofthestaff (76%)thoughtitwaspositivetoimplement To assessthestaff’s attitudes,aquestionnaire wasadministered before Results showthatalready before implementingAAT mostofthestaff atthe Animal-assisted therapy(AAT) wasbeingimplementedatREHABBasel,a 1,2,3,4 , Margret Hund-Georgiadis Z = -3.69, p < .000). 1 and DennisC.Turner Z = -4.18, p < .000)and 2 stress. We appreciate thepartialsupportfrom Pfizer/Zoetis. FD’s higherinherent copingskills.Bothgroups favored dogs,butdogsdidnotaffect STSS TD: 66.7%).FDandTDinterviewersdiffered instress priortoincorporatingdogs,indicating per week:FD:3.6;TD:1.0).BothFDandTDinterviewersfavored useofdogs(FD:75.0%; gave more interviews,andusedtheirdogsmore often (numberofinterviewswiththeirdog r (STSS) scores were significantlyelevatedforTDvs.ND(Mann-Whitney level byyearthree, butTDstress remained high.Current SecondaryTraumatic Stress Scale 46.7%: ND:35.3%).OnlyFDreported lowstress throughout; NDstress decreased totheFD dog (Chi-square test: reported heightenedself-ratedstress duringtheirinitial5years ofinterviews,priortousinga N interviewers whouse:acertifiedFacilityDog(FD: interviewer? We gathered websurveydatacomparingjobstress amongforensic work withforensic interviewers.Couldusingfacilitydogsalsolessenthestress ofthe traumatic stress—“compassion fatigue.”Certifiedfacilitydogsare extensivelytrained to conducting interviewsaffects thementalhealthofchildwelfare workers,causingsecondary Forensic interviewsprovide importantsupporttosexuallyabusedchildren. However, University ofCalifornia,Davis,CA,[email protected] Diane Walsh, MarikoYamamoto andLynette Hart Student AwardNominee AFTER USINGFACILITY DOGS,THERAPY DOGS,ORNODOGS INITIALLY JOB STRESSFORFORENSICINTERVIEWERS: AND 5E – = .18;means:FD:40.3;TD:45.3;ND:36.9).Compared toTD,FDfrequently handleddogs, = 15);ornodog(ND: p = 0.017,Cramer’s N = 198).TDinterviewers,ascompared withFD,retrospectively V = .44;extreme/very stressful: FD:7.1%;TD: N = 16);atrainedtherapydog(TD: U test: Oral Presentations p = 0.009,

53 ISAZ2015 54 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: Coakley, A.B,andMahoney, E.K.(2009).Creating atherapeuticandhealingenvironment withapettherapy Reference 10), andapre/post questionnaire measuringaffect changes( a survey(response rate=37.8%, animals (e.g.,dogs,cats,rabbits,chicken,andhorses). teams are comprisedof70adultsregistered asa“therapyanimalteam”withdomestic general, participantsare fulltimestudents(82%),aged19–34(76%)andfemale(74%). AAI regular accesstoAAIwillresult inpositivesubjectivewellbeingandreduced stress. In examine ayear-long, weekly, drop-in AAIprogram andstudentstress. Itishypothesized Mahoney, 2009). significant source ofwellbeingandassistanceinnavigatinglifetransitions(Coakley address studentstress. Formostyoungadults,arelationship withanimalscanbea College campusesstruggletomeetthedemandformentalhealthservicesand School ofSocialWork, UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN,[email protected] Tanya K.Bailey REDUCTIONWITHINACOLLEGECOMMUNITY. PROGRAMASAMEANSOFSOCIALSUPPORT ANDSTRESS THEROLEOF ANANIMAL-ASSISTEDINTERACTION(AAI) 5F – post-secondary institutions. study willsupportimplementationofanimal-assistedstress reduction programs across data analysiswillincludefocusgroups among AAIparticipantsandpractitioners.This Similar results were foundamongthosewithlesserdegrees ofperceived stress. Additional manage yourstress?” thosewithhighstress levelsstrongly agreed oragreed (92.4%). scored withaboveaveragestress. Whenasked,“Didinteracting withtheanimalshelp completed thePSS-10,41.8%( program. Preliminary results include1,307individualsaveraging2.7visits. Participantscompleted This mixedmethodsresearch studyinvolvesthree, 12-weekphasesandisthefirstto Complementary TherapiesinClinicalPractice Complementary n n = 197)scored withhighstress and33.8%( = 494)thatincludesthePerceived Stress Scale(PSS- , 15,141–146. n = 30).Amongthosewho n = 159) AATs, eventhesesmallchangesare likelytohavewidespread impact. magnitude andlimitedtocertaincircumstances. However, giventheappealandlowcostof supportive evidencefortheeffects ofAAT ondistress, buttheseeffects are smallin studies ofBeetzandcolleagues(e.g.,2011,2012,2013).Ahandfulprovide Katcher andBeck(e.g.,1983,1984,1996,2003),contemporarylaboratory-based moderators oftheseeffects. Examples ofkeyreferences includetheseminalworkof interactions withanimalsonpsychologicaldistress, includingthescope,magnitude,and and theoretical errors. past workiscriticaltoensuringthatwedonotcontinuerepeat thesamemethodological remains unclearwhatcanbeconcludedfrom theexistingwork.Aclearunderstandingof Kazdin, inpress). Existingreviews are peppered withcallsformore rigorous research. Yet, it methodological flawsandhabitualover-interpretation limittheliterature (Crossman and purpose, there havebeenhundreds ofpublicationsonthetopic (Tuke, 1813).However, problem ofpsychologicaldistress. Sincethefirstdocumenteduseofanimalsforthis (SAMHSA, 2014).However, lessthanhalfofthoseindistress receive treatment. risk forphysicalhealthproblems, includinguptothree andahalftimestheriskofdeath Abuse andMentalHealthServicesAdministration[SAMHSA],2014).Thisdistress increases Each year, 32millionAmericansexperienceseriouspsychologicaldistress (Substance [email protected] Innovative InteractionsLab,Yale UniversityDepartmentofPsychology, NewHaven,CT, USA. Molly K.Crossman andAlanE.Kazdin Student AwardNominee PSYCHOLOGICALDISTRESS:AREVIEW INTERACTIONSWITHANIMALSTOREDUCE USING 5G – The purposeofthissystematicreview isto establish whatweknowabouttheeffects of Animal-assisted therapies(AATs) andactivitiesrepresent agrowing response tothe Oral Presentations

55 ISAZ2015 56 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: influence theinitiationandmaintenanceofdogwalkingbehaviourdifferently. conclusion, dog-related factorsaffect thepathwaytodogwalkingbehaviorandmay spaces were negativelyassociatedwith“Dogmotivation/obligationtowalk”only. In spouse/partner mainlywalksdog;andincreased perceived accesstodog-supportiveopen walking reduces barkingwaspositivelyassociated, anddogoverweight;tooold/sick; and havingchildren were negativelyassociatedwithbothoutcomes.Inaddition,thebelief outcomes. Perceived dog-specificbarriers to walkingwithdogdaily;childmainlywalksdog; healthy; andsocialsupportfrom familytogo walkingwere positively associatedwithboth increased attachment;knowingdogenjoys goingforawalk;beliefthatexercise keepsdog encouragement towalk”and“Dogmotivation/obligationwalk.”Larger dogsize; analyses were usedtoexaminefactorsassociated ( 629 adultdogownersparticipatingintheRESIDEstudy. Multivariablelogisticregression Effect.” TheDogsAndPhysicalActivity(DAPA) Tool wasusedinacross-sectional surveyof encouragement, obligationandmotivationtowalkthedog,whichwecall“TheLassie demographic andbehaviouralfactorsthatcontributetowards thisstrong senseof health) havehadmixedfindings.Theaimofthisstudywastomodeldogandowner to behighlyassociatedwithdogwalking,however, dog-related factors(e.g.,dogsize,age, perceived support,motivationandobligation thedogprovides forwalkinghasbeenshown Many dogownersdonotwalktheirandthusinterventionstrategiesare required. The 4 3 2 Liverpool,[email protected] 1 C. Westgarth RESULTS FROMRESIDE. HOWDODOGSENCOURAGEANDMOTIVATE WALKING? 5H – Telethon KidsInstitute,TheUniversityofWestern Australia,Australia. Centre fortheBuiltEnvironmentandHealth,TheUniversityofWestern Australia,Australia. School ofPopulationHealth,TheUniversityWestern Australia,Australia. Institute ofInfectionandGlobalHealth,SchoolVeterinary Science,Universityof 1 , M.Knuiman 2 and H.Christian p < 0.05)withthetwooutcomes:“Dog 2,3,4 licking thenoseorsquintingeyes( result showedthatthosewatchedthescreen longershowedlesscalmingsignalssuchas seemed watchedvideoaswellstillphotosandthosethatdidnot.Fisher’s exacttest unfamiliar dogfacesfor3secondseachandthen1minuteofvideoclip.Somedogs adult petdogswere shown12setsofphotosfamiliarandunfamiliarhumanfaces movies shownonthescreen bymonitoringtheirbehaviorandalsotheheartrate.Twenty for thiskindofstudy(i.e.Raccaetal.2010). Kuwahara, andFujita).Butatthesametime,manystudiessuggestthatnotalldogsare fit Studies showthatdogscanrecognize notonlytheowner’s face,butalsothevoice(Adachi, video chatsbetweentheowneranddogsare beinginvestigated(GolbeckandNeustaedter). forownersandveterinarians.Inorderbeen aconcern toeasetheloneliness,possibilitiesof Separation anxietyhasbeenamajorissueforleftalonehomedogsandtheirwelfare has University, [email protected] Department ofComparativeDevelopmentalPsychology, NipponVeterinary andLifeScience Miki Kakinuma,ShotaNakazawa,MiyokoMatobaandIzuruNose ALONE? ARE PETDOGSREADYFORTHEVIDEOCHAT WHILELEFTHOME PETDOG’SORIENTATION TOWARDS PHOTOSANDVIDEOS: 6A – Saratoga Ballroom 2–1100–1300 towards Animals Session 6:AnimalBehavior/Attitudes alone stress forsomedogs.Dataare stillunderanalysis. and othersdidnot.Resultssuggestthatvideochatmaybeawaytorelease theirhome In thisstudy, weevaluatedthedog’s preferences forthevisualstimulilikephotosor Some dogspaidattentionandsometimesreacted tothescreen—particularly thevideo p < .05).Noheartratedifferences were observed. Oral Presentations

57 ISAZ2015 58 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: of domesticpigs. contacts withhumanscanimprove theemotionalstateandincrease performances learning other treatments (MIN:0.73±0.33).To conclude,thisstudydemonstrates thatpositive P following AcueswaslowerforGENthanROUpiglets(GEN:0.42±0.28,ROU:1.590.31, be slower to learn thanGENpiglets( be slowertolearn from Ncues.However, correctly, withinthe59%ofpigletsthatlearnt ROUpigletstendedto The typeofexperiencewithhumansdidnotaffect thesuccessofpigletsindiscriminatingP and theintermediatevalueis0.5.Behavioralresponses were analyzedusingmixedmodels. with ahighapproach ratefollowingAcuecompared withthe average individualresponse the averageindividualresponse toPandN cues.Alowcorrected approach isassociated auditory cue(A).Theapproach rateofthetest boxfollowinganAcuewascorrected from Piglets were thensubjectedtocognitivebiastests(CBT)includingnovelambiguous negative one(N)associatedwithpunishments(e.g.waterspray),delivered intoatestbox. were trainedtodiscriminateapositiveauditorycue(P)associatedwithfoodreward from a gentle handling(GEN),rough handling(ROU)orminimalcontact(MIN).Simultaneously, they judgment bias.Fifty-fourweanedpigletsreceived arepeated experiencewithhumans: emotional statesinpiglets,through abilitiesandpresence theevaluationoflearning of We investigatedwhetheranexperiencewithhumanscanmodulatecognitiveprocesses and 2 Canada. [email protected] 1 Sophie Brajon Student AwardNominee PERFORMANCE ANDEMOTIONALSTATES INPIGLETS POSITIVE CONTACT WITHHUMANSCANIMPROVELEARNING 6B – Nicolas Devillers Université Laval,Québec,Canada. Sherbrooke,Québec, andSwineRDCentre, andAgri-FoodCanada,Dairy Agriculture = 0.04)showinganoptimisticjudgmentbias,whereas MINpigletsdidnotdiffer from the 1,2 , OcéaneSchmitt 1 P < 0.08).DuringCBT, thecorrected approach 1 , Jean-PaulLaforest 2 and of caninestress elicitedbyAAIsessions,and toadvancefuture bestpracticesandresearch. relationship betweencortisolandethogramdatainorder tounderstand thelevelandnature cortisol wasnohigherthanbaselinemeasures forsevenparticipatingdogs. behaviors amongdogsinasmallsubsetofsevensessions.However, post-sessionsalivary ethogram dataindicatemore codedstress-related behaviorsthanaffiliative-related and attachment/attentionseekingsubscales.Usingdescriptivestatistics,preliminary obtained. C-BARQdatashowthattherapydogsscored lowerthanaverageontheenergy baseline cortisolmeasurement, sessionbehavior, andC-BARQ-measured temperament. during eachsession.Post-sessioncaninesalivarycortisoliscompared tothedog’s average dog behaviorisvideotapedandratedviahandlerself-reports andabehaviorethogram ages/breeds) forfourmonthsatfivechildren’s hospitals.To measure caninestress, therapy regular visitsfrom aregistered therapydog( randomly selectedtoreceive eitherstandard ofcare treatment orstandard ofcare plus focus onpreliminary therapydogdata. that therapydogswillexhibitminimaldistress overthestudyperiod.Thispresentation will research andbestpracticesfortherapydogsinhospitalsettings.Researchers hypothesize enhance pediatriconcologytreatment, whileoptimizinganimal-assistedintervention(AAI) Through rigorous research, theCaninesandChildhoodCancer(CCC)Studyseeksto American [email protected] Amy McCullough,MollyJenkinsandAshleighRuehrdanz ONCOLOGY SETTINGS PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESSINTHERAPYDOGSWHOVISITPEDIATRIC CANINESAND CHILDHOODCANCER(CCC):BEHAVIORAL AND 6C – As datacollectioncontinuesthrough 2015,researchers willfurtherassessthe Currently, over200salivasamplesand75hoursofvideotapedbehaviorhavebeen Patients (current n = 37,12females/25males,3–17years)andtheirparents are n = 25,14females/11males,multiple Oral Presentations

59 ISAZ2015 60 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: Templer, D.I.,Salter, C.A.;Dickey, S.;Baldwin,R.andVeleber, D.M.(1981)TheconstructionofaPet Attitude Reference companion animals. study opensnewopportunitiesforfuture cross-cultural research onattitudestowards This informationcouldhelptopromote pet-friendly policies.Also,thispopulation-based significantly higherthanmen.Theseresults showapredominantly petfriendlypopulation. population. Andconsideringapetaswasteofmoneyemerged in16%ofthepopulation. member ofthefamily. Consideringapetassource ofhappinessemerged in74%ofthe participants (76%)statedpetsshouldbetreated withasmuchrespect asanyhuman towards animalsandleastparticipants(6%) showedanegativeattitude(hate).Also,most done (MannWhitney answered thequestionnaire through phoneinterviews. (Templer etal1981).Arepresentative sampleof2,500peopletheSpanishpopulation ownership experienceandaSpanishversionofthePetAttitudeScale-Modified(PAS-M) attitudes towards animals. social groups. Theobjectiveofthisstudywas toperformapopulation-basedstudyon cultures anditsimplications.However, research hasusuallybeenfocusedonparticular Human–animal interactionresearch isinterested inattitudestowards animalsindifferent 2 Universitat AutònomadeBarcelona,[email protected] 1 Paula Calvo Student AwardNominee STUDY (N=2500) ATTITUDES TOWARDS ANIMALS:APOPULATION-BASED 6D – Royal Veterinary College,NorthMymms,UK. andForensicMedicine Affinity FoundationAnimalsandHealthDepartmentofPsychiatry Scale. Pet ownersscored significantlyhigherinPAS-M thannon-owners,andwomenscored A descriptiveanalysisofdatawasconductedandcomparisonsinPAS-M score were A questionnaire wasdesignedincludingdemographicfactors,questionsonpet Psychological Record 1 , JonathanE.Bowen U Test; 31: 343–48. p < 0.0001).Mostparticipants(76%)showedapositiveattitude 1,2 and JaumeFatjó 1 abilities isstillanopenquestion. However, theextenttowhichthiscanbeusedimprove TheoryofMindorothercognitive children formstrong attachmentstotherapydogsandeasilyattributementalstatesthem. strongly theybelievedthedogwashappy to seethem, interaction withabestfriend, findings, including:Long-terminteractionwiththedogwasratedasdesirablelong-term presence ofthedog. puppet, showed thatchildren performedsignificantly abovechanceinthedog, focusing onthedogorpuppet’s beliefthatitwouldstillbeinlocationA.Binomialsigntests answering involvesovercoming theknowledge thattheobjectisinlocationB,andinstead Participants were thenaskedwhere thedogorpuppetwouldlookforobject.Correctly move outofsight.Anotheragentthenmovedtheobjectfrom locationAtoB. age=6.0). would leadtoattachmentandincreased perspective-takinginchildren ( We examinedwhetherthepresence ofacertifiedtherapydog(femaleblueheeler, 3yo) LE14 4RT similarly undesirable, 2 1 Justin J.Couchman TAKING INCHILDREN 6E –USINGTHERAPYDOGATTACHMENT TOTESTPERSPECTIVE- WALTHAM® CentreforPetNutrition,Waltham ontheWolds, Leicestershire,UK. Albright College,Reading,PA, USA. [email protected] Participants alsomade1(sad)to5(happy)ratingsof34statements.Thisleadmany In afalse-belieftask,children watchedadogorpuppetputanobjectinlocationA,then p < .01,conditions,andtheyoungestchildren seemedtobenefitmostfrom the R 2 = .63.Interestingly, thehappiertheywere toseethedog,more 1 , NancyR.Gee R 2 = .58.Sayinggoodbyetothedogorabestfriendwas 2 and AshleighWeidner R 2 = .72.Theresults suggestthat p < .001,and n = 22,mean 1 Oral Presentations

61 ISAZ2015 62 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: measures withtheCCANSandhumanpersonalityfactors. care needsofpetcats.We willalsodescribeourcurrent planstocorrelate attachment of .77. from .69to.82,andtheoverallCatCare andNeedsScale(CCANS) hadaCronbach’s alpha behavioral satisfactionanduseofdiscipline.ThefactorshadCronbach’s alphasranging emerged: (1)dailycare andinteraction;(2)socialcompanionship;(3)medicalcare; and(4) time.” Itemswere scored ona7-pointLikertscale. and “Mycatisrarely homealonewithouthumancompanyformore than10hoursata with mycatatleastonceperday,” “Ioftenuseasquirtbottletocorrect mycat’s behavior,” members ofmyfamilyplaywithinteractivetoys(e.g.featherwands,catdancer, stringtoys) care-taking habitsandinteractionsinregards toapetcat.Itemsincluded“Iorother highly attachedpet-ownersmore likelytotakegoodcare oftheir pets? translate intocaretaking andunderstandingofpets’behavioralneeds.Inotherwords, are people report highlevelsofaffection fortheirpets,wedonotknowhowtheseattachments While manystudieshaveexaminedthelevelsofattachmentspeopletotheirpets,and 2 1 Mikel M.Delgado AND NEEDSSCALE(CCANS) UNDERSTANDING OFCATS” BEHAVIORAL NEEDS:THECAT CARE DEVELOPMENTOFASCALETOMEASURECAT CAREAND 6F – California StateUniversity, EastBay University ofCaliforniaatBerkeley, Berkeley, CA,[email protected] This scalecanbeusedtoassesspeople’s understandingofthebehavioralandother From these59items,25validitemswere retained, andfourfactorsrelated tocatcare We surveyed 505people(ages18to74;85.8%women)with59itemsexaminingtheir 1 and Gretchen M.Reevy 2 composing “pet-ownerinteraction”(R O-PLS-DA identifiedastrong systematicdifference betweencatanddogownersforitems Whitney factor scores wasfoundbetweencatanddogownersfor“pet-ownerinteraction”(Mann- group differences were testedwiththeMann-Whitney Orthogonally filtered Projection toLatentStructures DiscriminantAnalysis(O-PLS-DA)and and demographicallymatchedpopulationofdogowners. owners wasrecruited online,andtheirresponses compared withthosefrom anequal-sized aspects ofcatownershipwere alsoincluded,fortext-mining.Apopulationof293cat dedicated scaleforcatowners.Free-response-text questionsaboutpositiveandnegative substituting speciesnameintheitems,toexplore adaptationsrequired todevelopa No equivalenttoMDORSexistsforcatowners.Inthisstudythescalewasadaptedby Universitat AutònomadeBarcelona,[email protected] Dwyer F.; BennettP.C.; andColeman,G.J.(2006)DevelopmentoftheMonashDogOwnerRelationshipScale Reference 2 1 Jon Bowen ADAPTED? MONASH DOGOWNERRELATIONSHIP SCALE(MDORS)BE MEASURING THEOWNER-CAT RELATIONSHIP: CANTHE 6G – weak systematicdifference for“perceived costs”(R analysis hassuggestedsuitablethemesforreplacement items. composing “pet-ownerinteraction”require thegreatest amountofadaptation,andourtext perhaps “perceived costs,”couldbeused to measure theowner-cat relationship. Theitems no systematicdifference for“emotionalcloseness.” Royal Veterinary College,NorthMymms,UK. andForensicMedicine Affinity FoundationAnimalsandHealthDepartmentofPsychiatry (MDORS). Systematic differences betweencatanddogownershipwere explored using Our findingssuggestthattheitemsforMDORSfactor“emotionalcloseness,”and U = 7,984, Anthrozoös 1,2 , PaulaCalvo p 19(3): 243–256. < 0.0001),butnotfor“emotionalcloseness”or“perceived costs.” 1 and JaumeFatjó 2 Y =0.724,Q 2 2 Y =0.0305,Q = 0.716, U . Asignificantdifference inMDORS 1 p < 1 2 = 0.0175, 10-25), anextremely Oral Presentations p = 0.006),but

63 ISAZ2015 64 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: p mechanisms andgeneralizabilitytootherpopulationsiswarranted. symptoms, particularlyinattention,andimproving socialskills.Investigationintounderlying Conclusion: MN: PearsonAssessment. Results: treatment, andfollow-up. and theSocialSkillsImprovement System(Gresham andElliott, 2008)atpretreatment, post- DOG”). Parents completedtheADHD-IVRatingScale(DuPauletal.,1998)every twoweeks in a12-weekskillstraining,eitherwithorwithouttherapydogs( Gresham, F., andElliott,S.(2008). DuPaul, G.J.;Power, T. J.;Anastopoulos,A.D.;andReid,R.(1998). References Methods: Assisted Interventions(CAI)forADHD. (P.A.C.K.) isthefirstrandomizedclinicaltrialexaminingsafetyandefficacy ofCanine skills andsymptommanagementare needed.Project Positive, Assertive,CooperativeKids for functionalimpairmentandpooroutcomes.Novelapproaches aimedtoimprove social Introduction: 2 CA, [email protected] 1 Sabrina Schuck FROM PROJECTP.A.C.K. ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITYDISORDER;MAINOUTCOMES FORCHILDRENWITH CANINEASSISTED INTERVENTION 7A – Saratoga Ballroom 3–1400–1530 Session 7:Waltham/NIH Session ( groups, scores declinedatafasterrateforDOGthanNo-DOG ( Aubrey Fine better forDOGthanNo-DOGatpost-treatment ( F California StatePolytechnicUniversity,California Pomona,USA. DepartmentofPediatrics,ChildDevelopmentSchool,Irvine, Univeristy ofCalifornia,Irvine, (1,80) <.05) andremained loweracross subsequentweeks( Guilford Press. = 5.20, Inattention symptomswere lowerforDOGthanNo-DOGatweek-4( 81 children withADHD(meanage=8.14,58males)andtheirparents participated CAI forchildren withADHDisa safeandeffective therapyforreducing Children withAttentionDeficit/HyperactivityDisorder (ADHD) are atgreater risk p < .05).WhileProblem Behaviorswere reduced atpost-treatment forboth 2 1 , NatashaEmmerson Social skillsimprovementsystem(SSIS). F 1 , KimberleyLakes (1, 80) = 4.45, p <.05). SocialSkillsscores were ADHD ratingscale-IV. p Minneapolis, n F < .05)andfollow-up (1,80) = 41“DOG,” = 9.36, 1 and New York: p F (1,274) <.01). n = 40“NO- = 4.58, explored asastepinthisdirection. on rigorous research methodologyand assessment.TheOHAIRE-M1codingsystemwillbe outcomes, andapplicationswillbediscussed.Thefuture ofthefieldanthrozoology relies compared tocaregiver report data.ThedevelopmentoftheOHAIRE-M1,itsadministration, capture observablebehavioralchangesoverthecourseofananimal-assistedintervention reliability. Thispresentation aimstodemonstratethefeasibilityofOHAIRE-M1reliably coded allvideo-recorded segments.Asecondaryobservercoded20%forinter-rater Responsiveness Scale.AblindedobserverwastrainedintheOHAIRE-M1systemand and problem behaviors,includingtheAberrantBehaviorChecklistandSocial OHAIRE-M1 inadditiontostandardized, parent-report assessmentsofsocialfunctioning hour sessionoverthecourseofa10-weekintervention.Outcomemeasures includedthe 6, 8,and11years)withautismspectrumdisorder (ASD)were evaluatedpre-and post-one- intervention (i.e.TherapeuticHorsebackRiding).Inasingle-casedesign,three children (ages assess itsfeasibility, validity, andsensitivitytochangeoverthecourseofananimal-assisted Interaction forResearch—Modified Version 1(OHAIRE-M1).We pilotedthismeasure to To fillthisgap,wemodifiedandevaluatedatoolcalledtheObservationofHuman–Animal published tooltoevaluatebehaviorsspecificallyinthecontextofhuman–animalinteraction. assessing behavioralchangeisblindedobservation.However, there isno interaction withanimals,includinganimal-assistedintervention.Thegoldstandard for designs. Acriticalneedexistsforaspecializedtooltoassessbehavioraloutcomesfrom The fieldofanthrozoology hasbeencriticizedforbiasedoutcomemeasures andweakstudy 2 1 Marguerite E.O’Haire VERSION 1(OHAIRE-M1) OF HUMAN–ANIMALINTERACTIONFORRESEARCH—MODIFIED DEVELOPMENTANDINITIALVALIDATION OFTHEOBSERVATION 7B – Children’s HospitalColorado Purdue University, Purdue,IL,[email protected] 1 , MoniqueGermone 2 and RobinGabriels Oral Presentations 2

65 ISAZ2015 66 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: in children’s attitudestowards pets. exposure anddemographicfactorsdonotaccountforobservedracial/ethnicdifferences history ofcurrent andprevious petownership.Resultsindicatethatdifferences inpet racial/ethnic differences remained significantafterincludingdemographiccontrols and youth hadsignificantlylesspositiveattitudestowards petsthanCaucasianyouth.These that Black(b=-0.51,se0.13, 0.58, all gender, householdsocioeconomicstatus,andparental maritalstatus(ORrange:0.09- and smallpets,evenaftercontrolling fordemographic factorsincludingchildage, comparison toCaucasianyouth,minorityyouthwere lesslikelytoownanypets,cats, (OR =0.81-0.83,95%CI0.43–1.62, Templer, D.I.;Salter, C.A.;Dickey, S.;Baldwin,R.;andVeleber, D.M.(1981).Theconstructionofa pet Reference and Hispanic(62.9%)youth( pet ownershipwashigheramongCaucasian(85.0%current owners)thanBlack(51.5%) filled outthePetAttitudeScale-Modified(PAS-M, Templer etal.,1981).Theprevalence of participants. Detailedpetownershiphistorywasobtainedviaparental interview. Youth 10–18 (47.7%male),includingCaucasian( andattitudestowardspatterns petsinalarge, community-basedsampleofyouthaged cultural differences inattitudestowards pets.Thecurrent studyexaminedpetownership should beconsidered. Onesource ofpotentialindividualdifferences mayberacialand/or Individual differences intheeffects ofhuman–animalinteractiononyouthoutcomes USA. andBehavioralNeuroscience,UniversityofChicago,IL, Department ofPsychiatry Kristen C.Jacobson DIFFERENCESINCHILDREN’SATTITUDES TOWARDS PETS? DOES EXPOSUREACCOUNTFORRACIAL/ETHNIC 7C – attitude scale. [email protected] p -values <.05).There were noracial/ethnicdifferences indogownership Psychological Record 2 , 31(3),343–348. 4 p = 36.9, < .001)andHispanic(b=-0.42,se0.16, p p > .10).Multivariateregression analysesrevealed < .001).Logisticregressions confirmedthatin n = 133),Black( n = 138),andHispanic( p < .01) n = 62) tragedy, danger, and injusticesbothpastandpresent. associated withtraditionalspirituality, protection, companionship,andfun,aswellsorrow, explores themeaningoftheseanimals(andtheirloss)inthisculturalcontext,where theyare and personalpresence ismagnified,asare theirlossesanddeaths.Thispresentation dogs livetheirentire livesoutside—unfenced,unleashed,andun-collared—both theirpublic serious aggressors tobothothercaninesandpeople.Inthisreservation settingwhere most companions tochildren andthehomelesspopulation. Free-roaming dogscouldalsobe that dogsservedasphysicalandspiritualprotectors andaswellnear-constant ethnographic interviewswith12familiesabouttheirrelationships with/care ofdogs,found observations ofnaturallyoccurringhuman-canineinteractionswithinthecommunity, and families andthelarger community. Ourproject, whichincludedfocusgroups, 240team roaming dogisnormative,butnonetheless intricatelywovenintothesocialfabricof threat. Inthispresentation, wewillparcel outthemeaningofdoglossinacontextwhere the puppies orpurebreds (versusthemore ubiquitousmixedbreed), posedanever-present were oftencolored bytheirlaterdeaths—frequently acuteandtragic.Thefts,oftenof focal (albeitunexpectedandunprompted) finding.Tribal members’earlymemoriesofdogs large populationoffree-roaming canines,thelossofdogs(viadeathortheft)emerged asa plainsreservationIn anethnographicstudyondogsandfamiliesanorthern withavery OK,[email protected] University ofOklahoma,Norman, Lori L.JervisandPaulSpicer AMERICAN INDIANCOMMUNITY THEDEVASTATION ANDNORMALIZATION OFDOGLOSSINAN 7D – Oral Presentations

67 ISAZ2015 68 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: Teal Mackintosh Schuck, S.E.B.;Emmerson,N.;Fine,A.H.;andLakes,K.D.(2013). Canine-AssistedTherapyforChildren O’Haire, M.E.(2013).Animal-assistedinterventionforautismspectrumdisorder: Asystematicliterature review. Gabriels, R.(2012).Pilotstudymeasuringtheeffects oftherapeutichorseback ridingonschoolagechildren References larger randomizedclinicaltrialofAnimalAssistedIntervention( informants, adaptedforages7–9,are discussed.Bothmeasures were testedaspartofa Method: published psychometrics. adults andnotdevelopmentallyappropriate, othersrely onparent-informants andlack limited inpartbyinsufficient pediatric instruments.Available toolswere developedwith underlying mechanismsare theirsystematicmeasurement islessunderstood.Research is these strategies(Gabriel,2012;O’Haire, 2013;Schuck,Emmerson,FineandLakes,2013), neurodevelopmental andbehavioraldisorders. Whilerecent research supportsbenefitsof Introduction: 2 CA, [email protected] 1 Sabrina Schuck POPULATIONS ATTITUDES ABOUTANIMALS:ADAPTINGTOOLSFORPEDIATRIC MEASURINGCHILDREN’SPREFERENCES,PERCEPTIONSAND 7E – clinical replication studies. beliefs aboutanimalsandcallforcomplimentaryobservationalmethodsinclinicalnon- Conclusion: Results: from agroup ofchildren inaschoolsettingthatutilizesvisitingtherapydogs( California StatePolytechnicUniversity,California Pomona,CA,USA. Department ofPediatrics,ChildDevelopmentSchool,Irvine, University ofCalifornia,Irvine, Disorders With ADHD:Preliminary FindingsFrom ThePositiveAssertiveCooperativeKidsStudy. Journal ofAutismandDevelopmentalDisorders doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2011.09.007 and adolescentswithautismspectrumdisorders. Preliminary results andmethodologyare discussed. Preliminary developmentandproperties fortwomeasures designedforchild- , 1087054713502080. We discusstheneedforsystematicassessmentofchildren’s attitudesand Animals are increasingly includedascomponentsoftreatment forchildren with 1 1 ; NatashaEmmerson and Aubrey Fine , 43(7),1,606–1,622.doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1707-5 Research inAutismSpectrumDisorders 2 1 , KimberleyLakes n = 58)andalsocollected 1 , Journal ofAttention , (6),578–588. n = 41). Zsolt Nagykaldi active achildiswiththedog. Conclusions: subscale CABS. class, screen time,andyearsexposedtothe dogwere notsignificantly related tototalor score wasnotrelated tochild’s BMIz-score (betacoefficient =0.23; ( greater timespentactivewiththedog.CABS score wassignificantlyassociatedwithage affection being activewiththedog(proximity score ( Results: estimated usingeitherANCOVA orlinear regression controlling forpovertylevelandage. ( affection) were usedtomeasure childattachmenttothedogfor children whohadapetdog The CompanionAnimalBondingScale(CABS)anditssubscales(proximity, caretaking and domains includedchildbodymassindex(BMI),physicalactivityanddog-related questions. completed theDartScreen, aweb-basedscreener, before awell-childvisit.Screener Methods: weight statusandphysicalactivityofyoungerchildren. weight statusforchildren ages10–12.We assessedhowattachmenttopetdogsmayaffect Introduction: Lebanon, NH,USA. Center, OklahomaCity, OK,USA. 4 3 2 [email protected] 1 Anne M.Gadomski YOUNGER CHILDREN ATTACHMENT TOAPETDOGANDPHYSICALACTIVITYAMONG 7F – n p Department ofPediatrics,GeiselSchoolMedicine,Dartmouth-HitchcockMedicalCenter, Department ofFamilyandPreventiveMedicine,UniversityOklahomaHealthSciences Department ofPediatrics,BassettMedicalCenter, Cooperstown,NY, USA. Research Institute,BassettMedicalCenter, Cooperstown,NY, USA. = 370).AssociationsbetweenCABS,CABSsubscales,BMIandphysicalactivitywere < 0.0001).OlderagewasassociatedwithhigherCABS.Usingregression analysis,CABS F Increased timespentbeingactivewiththe dogwasassociatedwithhigherCABS = 22.81; F Cross sectionalstudyincludingparents of643children, ages4-10,who = 22.82, Playing withadoghasbeenlinkedtoincreased physicalactivityandimproved Higher levelsofchildattachmenttoapetdogmaydetermine howphysically p < 0.0001).CABSsubscaleswere significantlyassociatedwithtime p 3 and Ardis L.Olson < 0.0001).Higherscores foreachsubscalewere associatedwith 1,2 , MelissaB.Scribani F = 9.20, 4 p < 0.0001;caretaking 1 , NicoleKrupa p F = 0.37).Gender, BMI = 9.46, 1 , PaulJenkins Oral Presentations p < 0.0001; 1 ,

69 ISAZ2015 70 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: anTee Sub-themes 1.1 Different degree ofactivenessfrom therapists 1. Relationshipsbetweentherapistsandclients Main Themes Table 1. discovered inthedatarelated totheresearch purpose. conduct thematicanalysis.Three mainthemesandeightsubthemes(Table 1)were developed acodebookandutilizedthecomputer-assisted qualitativesoftware N-Vivo 10to Each interviewlastedonetotwohours.Aftertranscribingeachinterview, theresearcher least twoyearsofexperiencewithpracticingbothtraditionaltalkpsychotherapyandEAP. structured, individual,andface-to-faceinterviewswitheachofeightparticipantswho had at biophilia hypothesisandnaturalists”roles in biology. Theresearcher conductedtwosemi- traditional psychotherapy. gaps betweentheoryandpracticebyexploringthedifferences betweenEAPand theory, andthere isastrong needfortheorydevelopment. The aimtothisstudyisfill psychotherapy (EAP)isanemerging area, thepracticeisdevelopedmore quicklythan specialist) toincorporatehorsesintoworkingwithclients.Sinceequine-assisted Equine-assisted psychotherapy(EAP)usesateamapproach (atherapistandanequine 2 [email protected] 1 Ping-Tzu Lee PSYCHOTHERAPYANDEQUINE-ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY: THEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTRADITIONAL THEORETICALDEVELOPMENTINEQUINE-ASSISTED 8A – Saratoga Ballroom 2–1400–1445 Session 8:EquineAAT and practice,differentiate betweenEAPandtraditionalpsychotherapy. .Caatrsiso hrp 3.1Characteristics pertainingtoclients 2.1Clients talktotherapistsversushorses 3. Characteristicsoftherapy 2. Therapeutictechniques School ofSocialWork, AppalachianStateUniversity, Boone,NC,USA. School ofSocialWork, ColoradoStateUniversity, FortCollins,CO,USA. This studywasconductedusingaconstructivistnarrativeapproach andguidedby The findingsrepresent theessenceofEAP, helptofillinthe gapsbetweenEAPtheory Differences betweenEAPandTraditional Psychotherapy 1 and EmilyDakin 2 approaches 3.2 Characteristicspertainingtotherapeutic 2.4 Individualversusteam 2.3 Touch issues 2.2 Talk versusdo 1.2 Powerdifferential insight intotheirsuitabilityfortheworkintermsofwhetheritbenefitsthemphysiologically. HRV, self-esteem andimmunefunction,indicatinganenlivenedstatewithoutstress. decreased. Thefourhorses’HRandHRV responses were varied. the participantswere stressed bytheirinteraction,HRV andsIgAwouldhave p 28.78 ±9.85(SD)ms, baseline, HR:84.21±6.97vs74.508.86(SD)bpm, globulin A,sIgA).Duringtheinteraction,subject’s andhorse’s HRV wasmeasured. variability (HRV) self-esteem(Rosenberg Scale)andimmuneresponse (salivaryimmuno equine-assisted activity. Pre and postmeasures were obtainedfrom subjectsforheartrate horse, leadingtoimproved self-esteemandimmunefunction. moment, asreflected bytheirautonomicnervoussystem,facilitatingengagementwith the hypothesize thatduringEFL,horsesinfluenceelderlypeopletofocusmore onthepresent EFL benefitstohumansbutitseffectiveness hasnotbeenestablishedscientifically. We ability ofhorsestostayinthepresent moment.There are numerous anecdotalaccountsof (EFL)promotesEquine-facilitated learning personalgrowth andisbasedontheinnate 3 2 1 Ann L.Baldwin RATE VARIABILITY, SELF-ESTEEMANDIMMUNEFUNCTION(SIGA). INTERACTIONONELDERADULTS (55+)ASMEASUREDBYHEART THEEFFECTS OFANEQUINEFACILITATED LEARNING 8B – Adventures inAwareness. Borderlands CenterforEquineAssistedServices. University ofArizona,Tucson, AZ,[email protected] = 0.007butsIgAdidnotsignificantlychange(13.58±8.15vs12.1710.45(SD)mg/Dl).If In addition,measuringHRV ofhorsesduringinteractionswithhumansmayprovide These findingssuggestthatengagingwithhorsesbenefitshumans,asreflected bytheir Human heartrateandHRV (SDRR)increased duringtheinteraction compared to Twenty-four healthysubjectsaged55orover, participatedinastructured, one-on-one 1 , AnnC.Alden p = 0.02.Self-esteemincreased 26.6±4.1vs25.44.4(SD), 2 and BarbaraK.Rector p < 0.001andSDRR:38.88±12.24vs 3 Oral Presentations -

71 ISAZ2015 72 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: TR from baseline( t outcome measures; whilePTSDscores reached statisticalsignificance.Paired-samples participation inTRisassociatedwithchangesthehypothesizeddirections forall program anddatacollectionwillbecompleteinJune,2015.Preliminary dataindicatethat increase socialengagement. many ages,andmayalsobenefitveterans”abilitytocope,regulate emotions,and that TRprograms maybeeffective insignificantly reducing PTSDinmilitaryveteransof to 3weeks( matched withahorse.Thesample( (RG) orthedelayedtreatment group (DTG);allparticipantsengageintheTRandare engagement inmilitaryveterans.Participantswere randomlyassignedtotheRidingGroup (PTSD), improving theabilitytocope,andincreasing emotionregulation andsocial (therapeutic horsebackriding;TR)program indecreasing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder The aimofthestudywastotesteffectiveness ofasixweekequineassistedactivity [email protected] Research CenterforHuman-AnimalInteraction,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO,USA. Steve Osterlind Jessica Bibbo,SarahWilliams,RebeccaA.Johnsonand Student AwardNominee ENGAGEMENTINMILITARY VETERANS. COPINGSELF-EFFICACY, EMOTIONREGULATION ANDSOCIAL OFEQUINEASSISTEDACTIVITIESONPTSDSYMPTOMS, 8C – 53.69 years( p -tests indicatedthatPTSDlevelssignificantlydecreased inthosewhoparticipatedthe = .001.PTSDscores alsodecreased significantlyfrom baseline( M SD = 53.18, = 12.89,range:29–73).Twenty-two participantshaveparticipatedtheTR M = 62.92, SD = 15.03), SD = 12.65)topost-test( n t (16) = 36)was75.00%malewithanaverageageof = 4.15, p = .001.Thepreliminary findingssuggest M = 46.33, M SD = 63.00, = 16.61), SD t (11) = 12.37) = 4.28, higher satisfactionratesintheBLMnationaladoptionprogram. preferences andexperienceswouldhelpfacilitatemore interest inwildhorseadoptionand outcomes are notknown,share characteristicsthatsuggestfurther investigation. values wildhorses.Participantswhodidnotremain inthestudy, andwhoseadoption organizations culture thatsupportwildhorseadoption,andengagementinawestern that satisfaction: adopter’s previous knowledgeaboutdomesticandwildhorses,participationin regardless ofownerorhorsebackground. Three dynamics appeared related toadoption 65% through PhaseIII. and theiradoptionexperience.We retained 83%oftheoriginalsamplethrough PhaseIIand adoption. Questionssoughttogatherinformationontheadopters,theiradoptedhorses, the participants:attimeofadoption,sixmonthsintoandoneyearafter Together, theyadopted63horsesofvaryingages,genders, andtraininglevels. Texas duringtheirfirstyearofadoption,atimewebelieveiscrucialtoadoptionsatisfaction. adoption, thisprospective studyfollowed52adopters(41women,11men)inColorado and and Burro Program isatacriticaljuncture. To expandmuchneededdataonBLMwildhorse decreasing inrecent years,theBureau ofLandManagement’s (BLM)Adopta Wild Horse With almost50,000wildhorseslivinginholdingfacilitiesandadoptionratessubstantially University, NorthGrafton,MA,[email protected] Center forAnimalsandPublicPolicy, CummingsSchoolofVeterinary MedicineatTufts Mary KoncelandAllenT. Rutberg MANAGEMENT WILDHORSEADOPTIONINCOLORADOANDTEXAS BRINGING HOME THEWILD:ASTUDYOFBUREAULAND 9A – Saratoga Ballroom 2–1445–1530 Session 9:WildHorses The findingssuggestthatabetterunderstandingofregional differences inadopters” Participants retained through PhaseIIIwere uniformlysatisfiedwiththeiradoptions Between June,2012,andDecember, 2013,weconductedthree in-depthinterviewswith Oral Presentations

73 ISAZ2015 74 ISAZ2015 Oral Presentations: the specieswherever theyroam. domestic environment, ratherthantheanimal,maygiveusinsightintobettertreatment of hold ofmustangsincontrasttodomesticallybred horses.Thedatasuggeststhatthe is smallmoststatisticsare descriptiveinnature, butreveal andchallengeperceptions we domestically bred horsesandaburro ranginginagefrom 5–25years.Sincethesamplesize over aone-monthperiodinthesummerof2013.Theherd wascomprisedofmustangs, sampling atone-minuteintervalsusingGoPro camerascaptured behaviorsforsixequids photographs were analyzedandsortedinto17behavioralcategories.Continuousfocal Bureau ofLandManagement(BLM)mustangsanddomestichorses.Over26,000 Survey (USGS)ethogramforFree-Roaming FeralHorses,thisstudyexaminesbehaviors of between mustangsandtheirdomesticcounterparts.UsingtheUnitedStatesGeographical contexts canbeenhancedwithresearch identifyingbehavioralsimilaritiesanddifferences adopted tomembersofthepublic.Successfulintegrationthesehorsesindifferent Wild andFree-Roaming HorsesandBurros Act.Sincethelegislation,mustangshavebeen 1971, thesehorses—recognized asanationalheritagespecies—havebeenprotected bythe Mustangs intheAmericanWest are descendantsofanimalsthatescapeddomesticity. In Bay, WI,[email protected] Department ofPublicandEnvironmentalAffairs,UniversityWisconsin-GreenBay, Green Karen Dalke EXAMINING WHAT WETHINKKNOWABOUTDIFFERENCES MUSTANGS ANDDOMESTICHORSES: 9B – boosters ( boosters atSWB;andin2012,143mares were gathered andhand-injectedwithPZP CO, andCedarMountains(CM),UT; in2010,51mares received dart-delivered PZP In 2008,132mares were gathered andhand-injectedwithPZPatSand Wash Basin(SWB), rates andbodyconditionscores wildhorseherds intwowestern receiving PZPtreatments. mares. We report here theresults offiveyearsobservationonmare group interchange application, questionspersistaboutPZP’s effects onthebehaviorandhealthoftreated considered forwiderapplication.Despitea 28-yeartrackrecord ofsuccessfultestingand being usedtomanagenearlythree-dozen wildhorseherds in the US,andisbeing Fertility control usingporcine zonapellucida(PZP)immunocontraceptivevaccineiscurrently University, NorthGrafton,MA,[email protected] than thecurrent BLMpracticeofgathersandremovals. wild horsesisnotdemonstrablyharmful,andlikelytobelessdisruptiveofgroup stability foals bytheendoffieldseason.Ourresults addtotheevidencethatPZPtreatment of consistent trend formares withoutfoalstodisplaybetterbodyconditionthanmares with better bodyconditionthanuntreated mares; thisprobably reflected astronger andmore subsequently declineovertime.There wasa mildtrend forPZP-treated mares todisplay (April-November). However, ratesofmare transferappeared topeak aftergathers,and effects onthelikelihoodofamare changinggroups atleastonceduringthefieldseason 2 1 Allen Rutberg VACCINES WITH PORCINEZONAPELLUCIDA(PZP)IMMUNOCONTRACEPTIVE CONDITIONINTWOWESTERNWILDHORSEHERDSTREATED FACTORS INFLUENCINGGROUPSTABILITY ANDBODY 9C – The HumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates,Gaithersburg,MD,USA. Center forAnimalsandPublicPolicy, CummingsSchoolofVeterinary MedicineatTufts n = 58)orinitialinjections( 1 , KaylaGrams n 2 = 85)atCM.PZPtreatments hadnoconsistent and HeidiHopkins 2 Oral Presentations

75 ISAZ2015 What Is ISAZ? The International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) was formed in 1991 as a supportive organization for the scientific and scholarly study of human– animal interactions (anthrozoology). It is a nonprofit, nonpolitical organization with a worldwide, multi-disciplinary membership of scientists, scholars, students, interested organizations, and laypersons. ISAZ aims to promote the study of human–animal interactions and relationships by encouraging and publishing research, holding meetings, and disseminating and exchanging information. To accommodate its international membership, ISAZ has held meetings and conferences across the globe. Why Join ISAZ? Benefits to ISAZ members include: ■ The Society’s quarterly journal, Anthrozoös, the leading academic journal on human–animal interactions and relationships ■ Substantially reduced registration fees for all ISAZ conferences ■ Listserv distribution of items of interest to society members Anyone can join ISAZ! To ensure that anyone with an interest in the field can enjoy access to the most up-to-date information and scholarship from the field, the Society offers a range of membership options: Individual, Student, Affiliate, and Corporate.

For complete details on membership, visit the ISAZ website today. www.isaz.net 2 oioNiiaWhattheyneedwhenapetdies: Asociologicalresearch onpet funeral services Demographicandcontextualfactors andaccesstohuman–animal interaction Effects NoriloNiijima oftherapeuticridingon measures ofstress inhorses P29 MeganMueller P28 MeganMueller P27 Anexaminationoftheassumptionsmadeaboutshorebirds’ personality “NoPetsAllowed”:AStudyoflandlord attitudestowards tenantswithpets CaitlinLecker Transitioning Bureau ofLandManagementwildhorsestocompanion horses: P23 CarlaKrachun Teacher’s together pet:Dogsandkidslearning P22 Tamara Kartal Languageuseisassociatedwith adjudicatedadolescentoutcomesinananimal- P21 AmyJohnson P20 Socialandenvironmental factorsthatinfluenceparticipation in agility NickJohnson Characterizingdog-doganddog-humanrelationships intwo-dog households It’s hardly aboutcuteness:Adogcompanionincreases acknowledgementfromP19* RodneyHullstein P18 ChristyHoffman P17 TiaHansen The firsthorse nextgenerationofprisonbasedanimalprograms: The Training therapeutic P16 BarbaraGhiringhelli P15 DevelopmentoftheHuman-AnimalInteractionScale:Aninstrumenttoquantify GenniferFurst P14 AngelaFournier Biting thehandthatfeeds:Riskfactorsassociatedwithreported animalbites Whenthebondbreaks: Variables thatinfluencegrief,guilt,andloneliness P13 KristenCunningham ofclinicalcounselingservicesinoncologyveterinarianpractice: Implications P12* DawnCowling Eightdomainsofpetownerwellness P11* Anexaminationofhowindividualshandlepetloss AdamClark CynthiaChandler P10 Psychiatric assessmentincases ofanimalhoarding: apropos ofthree cases ChrissyCase P9 Therelationship ofpetownershipandattachmentonpsychosocial, AntonioBulbena P8 Animalassistedsocialskillstrainingforchildren withautismspectrumdisorders P7 SandraBranson Acriticalreview examiningcompanionanimalinfluenceduringdecision-making JoannaBecker P6 Extendingthepetasambassadorshypothesis P5 BasiliaBasin Addressing perceptions ofstraydogscross-culturally: From BostontoIstanbul Continuingthebondafterdeathofacompanionanimal P4* BeatriceAuger Title PatriciaAnderson P3* MarieAbney P2 P1 FirstAuthor No. Numerical ListofPosters 2 aa atnzDevelopmentofanobservationaldogbondingmeasure foranimal-assisted Evidencesynthesisofequine-assisted psychotherapyliterature: Current SarahMartinez P25 Ping-TzuLee P24 NOT PRESENTED assisted intervention strangers butatoddlercompaniondoesnot canines forveterans human–animal interaction following companionanimalloss A clinicianperspective biological, andexecutivefunctioninthedisadvantagedhomeboundelderly in thecontextofhealthcare utilization in Japan interventions knowledge andfuture research directions and emotionstheconservation-related implications The wildhorsetrainers’perspective Poster Presentations

77 ISAZ2015 78 ISAZ2015 Poster Presentations 4 iad oka Anevaluationoftherole sitePetfinderplaysincatadoption theinternet Euthanasiadecisionsintheshelteringindustry:Acriticalinquiry Miranda Workman Are cowsdangerous towalkers?Ascopingreview P48 MirandaWorkman Understandingtheexperienceofintegrationvolunteeranimalteamsto P47 Carri Westgarth P46 Optimal dogvisits–Arandomizedcontrolled study(2015–2018) dogs:Anauto-ethnographictaleofredefining Governing servicedoginCanada Kathryn Trujillo P45 Karen Thodberg Past experienceinfluencesthe socialbehaviorofcows( P44 Brooke Sillaby ofapesandwhattheytellusabouthumankind Images P43 Larisa Schuckle Stress amonganimalshelterworkersandthehuman–animalbond P42 Margaret Schneider Perspectives ofvolunteersinanon-lethalsuburbandeerpopulation P41 Boria Sax P40 namesascompanionanimalnames:Anewfashionorasteadytrend? Human Allen Rutberg P39 MichalPregowski P38 Thebehavioral,socialandhormonaloutcomesofdogsrescued from canine Cognitiveandcompositebehavioralassessmentofwelfare incatslivingsingle Alicia PhillipsButtner Theuseofanimalsinmagicshows P37 Thewelfare ofreptiles forconsumption Sezan Ozgunay ThehistoryofdogbitemisinformationinUKnewsmediaandpublicpolicy P36 JamesOxley P35 JamesOxley Interactionswithdogsdoinfluencepsychophysiologicalstatesofhumansin Animal-assistedinterventionfortrauma:Asystematicliterature reviewP34 RachelOrritt P33* Marguerite O’Haire P32 Benefitsfrom thehomelesspeople/dogsrelationships facedwiththelackof Izure Nose Title P31 CharlotteNivelet P30 FirstAuthor No. 4 aioYmmt Physicalactivitiesandsocialinteractionsofguidedogs petdogs * Studentaward nominee MarikoYamamoto P49 in-home familypreservation services ( management project commercial breeding establishments and multi-cathouseholds animal-assisted educationsituation consideration withintherehabilitation process inFrance Sus scrofa ) inthesanctuarysetting NOT PRESENTED NOT PRESENTED Bos taurus ) andpigs towards straydogsinTurkey. advocacyworkandprovidesinternational ideasforbuildingonexistingpositiveattitudes Facebook asausefuladvocacytool.Thisstudysupportstheuseofvideo-elicitationin compared tothechild,differences inattitudestowards straysinruralandurbanTurkey, and with straysinTurkey, agreater emotionalresponse tothestreet doginthevideoas as commonamongallparticipants:petsfamilymembersinAmerica,activerelationships miscommunication duringtheinterviewandimproved recall of details.Fivethemesemerged end ofthevideochildisrevealed tobeadog.Thevideomitigateduneaseand an animaladvocacyorganization inTurkey, showedastreet childbeingmistreated; atthe conducted withAmericanandTurkish individualsintheBostonarea. Thevideo,created by efforts intendedtoimprove straydogpoliciesinTurkey. Video-elicitation interviewswere advocacy collection (interviews),and(4)implicationsofstudyfindingsforinternational and policiesrelated tostrayanimalsinTurkey, specificallyIstanbul,(3)primarydata steps: background research on(1)stray animalissuesgenerallyand(2)attitudes,behaviors, The culturalmodelingframework(CMF)wasusedtoorganize theresearch process intofour stray dogsamongindividualsofAmericanandTurkish heritageinBoston,Massachusetts. citizens, advocacyorganizations, andpolicymakers.Thisstudycompared perceptions of place toplace.Sotoodoesthelevelofengagementinstrayanimalissuesamonglocal Most countrieshavestrayanimalpopulations,thoughtheirnumbersandimpactvaryfrom [email protected] Center forAnimalsandPublicPolicy, Tufts University, Boston,MA,USA. Marie CarmenAbney CULTURALLY: FROMBOSTONTOISTANBUL PERCEPTIONSOFSTRAY ADDRESSING DOGSCROSS- P1 – POSTER ABSTRACTS Poster Presentations

79 ISAZ2015 80 ISAZ2015 Cordaro, M.2012. References on howpetguardians copewithpetloss,includingdispositionoftheirremains. retention oftheremains intheirhomes.Thisstudycontributestoagrowing bodyofliterature and horse(45)owners.Mostburiedtheirpetsinresidential yards, followedbycremation and (575), inorder ofdecreasing frequency, are current dog (391),bird (286), cat(285),fish(76), reported are bydog(496),cat(394),bird (307),fish(175),andhorseowners(79).Amajority USA (657)completedthesurvey. Agerangedfrom 18to76.Themostcommonpetlosses al 2014)are alsonoted.Atotalof708(613females,80males,8skips)residing mainlyinthe spiritual afterlifeforthepet.Expressions ofdisenfranchisedgrief(Cordaro 2012;Packmanet (Packman etal.2014)wouldbereflected intreatment oftheremains, andinbeliefa Participants were recruited through socialmedia.AhypothesisisthattheContinuing Bond Institutional ReviewBoard oftheauthor’s universityandparticipationwasanonymous. ended essay:“Howhaspetlossaffected you?”Thesurveyreceived approval bythe demographic (8),attitudesaboutpetlossincludingdisposalofthebody(32),andanopen- posted onSurveyMonkeyJune-December, 2014.Questionsinclude:informedconsent(2), A 43-questionsurveyregarding attitudestoward thedeathofacompanionanimalwas Western IllinoisUniversity, Macomb,IL,[email protected] Patricia K.Anderson OF ACOMPANION ANIMAL CONTINUINGTHEBONDAFTERDEATH – P2 Poster Presentations Packman, C.etal.2014.OnlineSurveyasEmpathicBridgingfortheDisenfranchisedGriefofPetLoss. Omega 69:333–356. Pet LossandDisenfranchisedGrief. JMHC 34:283–294. extend thepetasambassadorhypothesis. students ( perceptions ofsuperordinate identification.Inacorrelational study, UQAM(Montreal, Qc) link betweenidentificationwithpetsandanimalsshouldalsobemediatedby and thatthislinkwouldbemediatedbyincreased identificationwithanimalsingeneral. The hypothesized thatidentificationwithpetswouldpredicts greater identificationwithnature, greater perceptions thatanimalsandhumansare similar(Clayton,2003,2009).We therefore nature (feelingthatnature isimportanttousandpartofwhoweare) hasbeen linkedto world, andfostersasuperordinate identificationincludingnature. Indeed,identificationwith contact withpetsbroadens cognitivecategorization,putsusintocontactwiththenatural ambassadors ofnature. Thisexpectedeffect couldbeexplainedbyamechanismwhereby research aimedtoextendthishypothesisbyinvestigatingifpetscouldalsoactas our feelingofbelongingtootheranimalspecies(SerpellandPaul,1994).Thepresent It hasbeenhypothesizedthatpetscanactasambassadorsforotheranimalsbyextending 2 1 B. Auger Student AwardNominee EXTENDINGTHEPETASAMBASSADORSHYPOTHESIS P3 – identification withanimalsingeneral, identification withapetpredicted higheridentificationwithnature through greater identifications andcontactwithanimals.Bootstrappinganalyses(95%)confirmedthat [0.0915-0.3021], nature through identificationwithahighlyinclusivesocialcategory, [0.1653–0.4500]. Identificationwithapetwasalsopositivelylinkedtoidentification University ofNewSouthWales, Australia. Université duQuébecàMontréal,Québec,[email protected] n 1 = 157;agerange18–58)completedself-report measures on their social , C.E.Amiot 2 = 0.223,BCaCI[0.1092–0.3455].Thepresent findingsconfirmand 1 and B.Bastian b = 0.273,BCaCI[0.1553-0.4370], 2 b = 0.186,BCaCI 2 Poster Presentations = 0.287,BCaCI

81 ISAZ2015 82 ISAZ2015 research articleswere reviews ( Wineflield, 2012).Additionally, fiveresearch articlesreported findings ofCAinfluence.Non- (Cohen 2002;Friedmann,Katcher, andMeislich,1983;Peacock,Chur-Hansen, and articles specificallyexaminedtheCAinfluenceondecision-makinginhealthcare context compilation andreference lists,21articleswere includedinthisreview. Three research yielded noresearch literature. Expandingcriteriatoincludenon-research, theauthor’s CINAHL, PubMed,andSocIndex164articleswere identified.Areview oftitlesandabstracts decision-making inthecontextofhealthcare utilization. making. Thiscriticalreview examines21articlesabouttheCAinfluenceduring creating anobstacletoadeeperunderstanding abouthowaCAinfluencesdecision- Podberscek, 2006).Specificresearch inthecontextofhealthcare utilizationislimited, during decision-making(e.g.Morely andFook,2005;Netting,Wilson,New, 1987;and healthcare decisions.Forthree decadesscholarshaveacknowledgedtheinfluenceof CAs Companion animals(CA)are partofthelivesmanyadults,includingthosemaking Oregon Health&ScienceUniversity, Portland,OR,[email protected] S. BasiliaBasin Student AwardNominee OF HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION INFLUENCEDURINGDECISION-MAKINGINTHECONTEXT CRITICALREVIEWEXAMININGCOMPANION A ANIMAL P4 – Poster Presentations healthcare andCArelinquishment. instrumental indevelopinginterventionstominimizeoutcomessuchasdelayedhuman probed deepertoexaminehowandwhytheCAwasaninfluence.Furtherresearch couldbe illness orrelocation. WhilethesearticlessuggestaCAinfluenceondecision-making,none remainingconcerns, insuboptimalandCA-inclusivehousing,CArelinquishment dueto existing research oranecdotalevidence. Searching thetermshuman–petbondinganddecision-makinginOvid,PsychInfo, Three majordecisionthemesemerged: delayingorrefusing healthcare duetoCA n = 4),care report ( n = 1),andinformational( n = 8),andcited traditional trainingmodels. groups withdogsmaybeaneffective waytoreduce symptomsofASDwhencompared to of isolationanddepressive symptoms(CDI-2). Giventhecurrent findings,socialskills Both groups showedimprovements intheoryofmind(RMET)aswelldecreased feelings measure ofautismrelated symptoms,thanparticipantsinthe traditionalsocialskillsgroup. less symptomaticontheSocialResponsivenessScale(SRS-2),primaryoutcome functioning. Aspredicted, participantsinthe animal-assistedsocialskillsgroup ratedas the MindinEyesTask (RMET)were usedtomeasure socialskillsandemotional Depression Inventory(CDI-2),SocialLanguageDevelopmentTest (SLDT),andtheReading with high-functioningASD.TheSocialResponsivenessScale(SRS-2),Children’s weeks. Participants(ages8–14)were studentsatatherapeutictreatment centerdiagnosed social skillsgroups totraditionalsocialskills groups withoutananimalpresent over12 isolation thanwouldbeobtainedfrom conventionalsocialskillstraining.We compared AAT intervention wouldproduce agreater effect onsocialskills,theoryofmind,andfeelings the non-verbalcuesofothers.Itwashypothesizedthatincorporatingadoginto increase children’s abilitytocommunicateeffectively bydevelopingtheirskillsinreading an effective waytoteachcriticalsocialskills.Thespecificobjectivesofthisstudywere to therapy (AAT) forchildren withASD,weproposed thataninterventionwithdogswouldbe social interactions.Givenrecent research showingtheeffectiveness ofanimal-assisted Children withAutismSpectrumDisorders (ASD)havedifficulty toleratingandunderstanding Green ChimneysChildren’s Brewster, Services, NY, [email protected] Joanna Becker, EricaRogers andBethanyBurrows WITH AUTISMSPECTRUMDISORDERS ANIMAL-ASSISTEDSOCIALSKILLSTRAININGFORCHILDREN P5 – Poster Presentations

83 ISAZ2015 84 ISAZ2015 Results: Interleukin-1ß). and salivarybiomarkerswere assessedforcortisolandinflammation(C-reactive protein, Angeles, andCLOXI).Levelofpetattachmentwasmeasured usingaLikertscale(0–10) (Perceived Stress Scale,GeriatricDepression atLos Scale,RevisedUniversityofCalifornia Method: Wheels (MOW)program. Interleukin-1ß andcognitivefunctioninthehomeboundelderlyreceiving aMealson psychosocial stress, depression, loneliness,salivarycortisol,C-reactive protein, Objective: these biobehavioralprocesses. ultimately decrease cognitivefunction.Acompanionpetmayreduce thenegativeimpact of and loneliness,leadingtochronic hypercortisolism andincreased inflammation,whichcan Background: [email protected] University ofTexas HealthScienceCenter-Houston SchoolofNursing,Houston,TX,USA. S. Branson,L.Boss,D.KangandCron FUNCTION INTHEDISADVANTAGED HOMEBOUND ATTACHMENT ONPSYCHOSOCIAL,BIOLOGICAL,ANDEXECUTIVE THERELATIONSHIP OFPETOWNERSHIPAND P6 – Poster Presentations to petownershipandcognitivefunctionintheelderly. longitudinal designare neededtoinvestigatethebiobehavioralchangesovertimeinrelation executive functionthanthosenotowningapet.Future studieswithlarger samples anda Conclusions: C-reactive protein, Interleukin-1ß. were nosignificantdifferences instress, depression, loneliness,andsalivarycortisol, significantly higherexecutivefunction(CLOXIscores; in demographicdata.At-testforindependentsamplesrevealed thatpetownershad SD participants ownedpets.Petownersreported ahighlevelofattachmenttopets( = 2.3).Nosignificantdifferences were foundbetweenpetownersandnon-pet Mean ageforthetotalsample( Cross-sectional studyusingpsychometrically reliable andvalidinstruments Examine thedifferences betweenpetownersandnon-pet ownersin Elderly homeboundindividualsare prone topsychosocialstress, depression, Results indicatedthatelderlyparticipantsowningapetshowedhigher n = 88)was75±9years.Forty-eight(55%) p = .041)thannon-petowners.There M = 9; Arluke A,KilleenC(2009) Reference modifying attitudestowards animalhoarding amongpublichealthprofessionals. and long-termmanagement.Ithastheadditionalbenefitsofraisingproblem-awareness and multidisciplinary teaminallanimal-hoarding interventionsiscrucialforeffective treatment including anxiety, depression, delirium,paranoia,chronic psychoticstatesanddementia. mechanisms ofadaptationand5)toexplore themainpsychopathologicaldimensions, estimate theimpactofproblem inthepatient’s qualityoflife,4)toidentifypsychological consent through anappropriate rapport,2)toexplore ofhoarding, thespecificpattern 3)to establish atrust-basedrelationship. intervention allowednotonlyapreliminary psychiatric assessment,butalsohelpedto present aseriesofcasesinwhichtheinvolvement ofapsychiatristatanearlystagethe authorities makesthelong-termmanagementofsituationextremely difficult. We Killeen, 2009).Thetypicalpatient’s lackofinsightandhostilitytothepublichealth in casesofanimalhoarding isstillconsidered inadequatebymostexperts(Arlukeand approach onehundred percent.Nevertheless,themedico-legalframeworkforintervention welfare ofbothpeopleandanimals.Withoutproper supportforthehoarder, recidivism may There isincreasing recognition ofanimalhoarding asapsychiatricconditionthataffects the 2 Autonomous UniversityofBarcelona,[email protected] 1 Antoni Bulbena APROPOS OF3CASES. PSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENTINCASESOFANIMALHOARDING: P7 – Royal Veterinary College,NorthMymms,UK. andForensicMedicine, Affinity FoundationAnimalsandHealth,DepartmentofPsychiatry Through thisnovelapproach weshowthatthepresence ofapsychiatristinthe The initialinterviewwiththepsychiatristhad5mainobjectives:1)toobtaininformed 1 , PaulaCalvo Inside AnimalHoarding 1 , JonathanBowen . Purdue UniversityPress, pp.181–190. 1,2 and JaumeFatjó Poster Presentations 1

85 ISAZ2015 86 ISAZ2015 Fifty-seven percent ofparticipantsreported onthelossofadog( participants engagedinonthedayoflossandwhatactivitywasfoundtobemosthelpful. who hadexperiencedpetlosswithinthepastyear. The survey askedaboutactivities poster reviews research onpetlossandpresents surveydatacollectedfrom 174individuals important tobetterunderstandtechniquesthathelppeoplecopewiththelossofapet.This also asaresult ofthepetrunningawayorneedingtoberehomed, anditistherefore Each year, countlesspeopleexperiencethelossofananimal,primarilythrough deathbut College ofArts&Sciences,CanisiusCollege,Buffalo,NY, [email protected] Chrissy E.CaseandChristyL.Hoffman ANEXAMINATION OFHOWINDIVIDUALSHANDLEPETLOSS P8 – Poster Presentations the lossofacat( commonly formwiththeirpets,willbediscussed. these andotherfindings,particularlyinrelation tothestrong attachment bondsindividuals the daytheylosttheirpet,and95reported spending thedayathome.Theimplicationsof that familysupportwastremendously helpful. Fifty-oneparticipantsreported goingtowork whereas 97spenttimewithfamilythedaytheylosttheirpet,and58(60%)ofthosefound day theylosttheirpet,and60(74%)ofthosesaiddoingsowastremendously helpful, from euthanasia.Eighty-oneparticipantsreported seekingcomfort from anotheranimalthe important todistinguishbetweenpetslostasaresult ofdeathfrom naturalcausesversus species, includinghorses,hamsters,rabbits,andsnakes.Manyparticipantsfeltitwas n = 64),andtheremaining participantsreported onthelossofvariousother n = 99),37%reported on 2 USA. [email protected] 1 and Torey L.Portrie-Bethke Cynthia K.Chandler EIGHT DOMAINSOFPET-OWNER WELLNESS P9 – Participants were current dog/catownerswhorangedinagefrom 20to51years( Ten adultswere interviewedbyphoneforonehourregarding theimpactofpetsontheirlife. The purposeofthestudywastoexplore theimpactofpetownershiponownerwellness. University. relationship anditsvalueinaffecting thewellnessofpetowner. participant responses provided. Theseresults clarifythesignificanceofowner-pet Each oftheeightdomainspet-ownerwellnessisdescribedindetailwithsample having apositiveimpactontheirlife,butinsomeinstancespetshadnegativeimpact. meaning, funandplay, andphysicalhealth.Participantsmostlydescribedtheirpetsas companionship, socialinteractionandconnections,personalvaluesand/orspiritual nurturance, senseoffamily, senseofresponsibility andpurpose,friendshipand/or pet ownershipasimpactingtheirlifeinthefollowingeightdomains:emotionalandphysical encompassing pet-ownerwellness.From thisstudy, itwasdeterminedthatindividualsview and Williams,1997;Hilletal.,2005)toanalyzedatawhere eightnewfinaldomains emerged researchers followedtheconsensualqualitativeresearch (CQR) method(Hill,Thompson, (Sweeney andMyers,2003).Followingtranscriptionofallparticipantresponses, the Factor Wellness Model:physicalself,socialcopingcreative self,andessentialself Hispanic/Latina. Interviewquestionswere formulatedbasedonareas oftheexistingFive and includedfivemalesfemales;nineidentifiedasCaucasian,one Department ofCounseling&HigherEducation,UniversityNorthTexas, Denton,TX, Clinical MentalHealthCounseling,CollegeofSocialandBehavioralSciences,Walden 1 , DeliniM.Fernando 2 1 , CaseyA.Barrio-Minton Poster Presentations M = 33) 1

87 ISAZ2015 Poster Presentations P10 – IMPLICATIONS OF CLINICAL COUNSELING SERVICES IN ONCOLOGY VETERINARIAN PRACTICE: A CLINICIAN PERSPECTIVE

Adam Clark Institutional Affiliations: Colorado State University, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Argus Institute, Fort Collins, CO, USA. [email protected]

In the field of veterinary medicine, counseling services aimed at helping clients face challenges surrounding their pet’s healthcare and/or the death of a pet have garnered increased attention in the past few decades. However, there is a paucity of research examining veterinary professionals’ perspectives of these services. Our study employs a mixed-methods design to explore veterinary oncology clinicians’ experiences of the Argus Institute Counseling and Support Services at a university veterinary teaching hospital. Argus services include a variety of programs including grief counseling and euthanasia decision- making support. Our preliminary findings suggest that veterinary oncology clinicians experience improved clinician—client interaction when utilizing Argus services. Approximately 64% of respondents (n = 14) indicated that they referred clients to Argus services on a weekly basis; the number of referrals ranged from 1 to 7 per week. Approximately 90% of respondents indicated that they were ‘completely satisfied’ with the integration of the referral services; 100% indicated that Argus referrals improved the quality of client—clinician interactions. Pertaining to client satisfaction, 79% of clinicians indicated that they perceived their clients to be ‘completely satisfied’ with the Argus support services. Preliminary findings from our qualitative data suggest three important themes: 1) the importance of Argus services in enhancingNOT the productivity PRESENTED of client-clinician dialogue, 2) the role of Argus in fostering wellbeing among oncology clinicians, and 3) the need for expanded services to exclusively serve the oncology unit. Further results will be reported and discussed in the context of improving veterinarian-client communication to support client and clinician wellbeing. 2015 ISAZ 88 Poster Presentations P11 – WHEN THE BOND BREAKS: VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE GRIEF, GUILT, AND LONELINESS FOLLOWING COMPANION ANIMAL LOSS

Student Award Nominee Dawn Cowling and Margaret Schneider University of Toronto, ON, Canada. [email protected]

An online survey investigated variables related to grief in 85 individuals who had lost their companion animal within the last six months. Variables of interest included: type of relationship, animal species, time since death, type of death, attachment, and social support. Dog owners had the highest attachment scores when compared to cat (p < 0.05) and rabbit owners (p < 0.05). Attachment scores were highest amongst those who labeled their animal as “my child” and were significantly higher when compared to those who labeled their pet as a “good companion” (p < 0.05). Individuals who classified their pet as their “child” or “best friend” reported significantly more grief relative to those who considered their pets to be good companions (p ≤ 0.001). High levels of attachment were predictive of higher grief scores (past: = 0.47, p < 0.001; present: = 0.34, p < 0.01). Older participant age was predictive of significantly lower grief (past: = -0.23, p < 0.05; present: = -0.26, p < 0.05), situational guilt ( = -0.39, p < 0.001), and loneliness ( = -0.25, p <0.05). The type of death the companion animal experienced did not influence grief, guilt or loneliness scores. Social support was protective of both loneliness ( = -0.49, p < 0.001) and state guilt ( = -0.30, p < 0.01). The majority of survey respondents felt supported following their loss, but areas of deficiency noted included: others not understanding their situation and lack of social recognition for their loss. 2015 ISAZ 89 Poster Presentations P12 – BITING THE HAND THAT FEEDS: RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH REPORTED ANIMAL BITES

Student Award Nominee Zachary Darwish, Kristen Cunningham and Rosemary Strasser Department of Psychology – Neuroscience & Behavior, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NB, USA. [email protected]

Pets are found in a large number of households, with owners often viewing them as integral parts of the family1. Despite having this close relationship with animals, numerous people are bitten by their pets every year. Previous research has examined the age of animal bite victims and intensity of associated bites, but has not incorporated the relationship between the victim and the animal. The present study analyzed archival data from 1,950 animal bites (1,471 dog bites and 479 cat bites) reported to the Nebraska Humane Society between 2013 and 2014. Preliminary regression analyses indicate that for both dogs and cats, as the age of the victim increases, bite intensity decreases. Further analyses found that in dogs this relationship was stronger when victims had a closer relationship with the biting dog, 2 2 F(3, 733) = 36.94, p < .001, R = .13, R = .01, F = 9.06, p = .003. However, for cats, there was no evidence that the relationship with the animal affected the relationship between 2 2 victim age and bite intensity, F(3, 161) = 4.53, p = .004, R = .08, R < .01, F = 0.76, p = .386. Additional survey data are being collected to determine how people’s perception and attachment to their pets change after a bite incident, factors influencing whether or not people report bites, and ultimately the outcome of these animals. These data will be analyzed before July, 2015.

Reference Archer, J. (1997). Why do people love their pets? Evolution in Animal Behavior 18, 237–259. 2015 ISAZ 90 Poster Presentations P13 – DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN–ANIMAL INTERACTION SCALE: AN INSTRUMENT TO QUANTIFY HUMAN—ANIMAL INTERACTION

Angela K. Fournier, Elizabeth Letson, Jennifer Laitalia and Larry Krog Bemidji State University, Bemidji, MN, USA. [email protected]

Despite research indicating human–animal interaction (HAI) can result in a myriad of positive outcomes (e.g., Amiot and Bastian, 2014), there are no objective measures that quantify the physical interaction between humans and non-human animals. The human– animal Interaction Scale (HAIS) is a 22-item self-report measure designed to quantify HAI. Following an interaction (e.g., animal-assisted therapy or activity), respondents rate on a 10-point likert scale the extent to which they engaged in specific behaviors (e.g., petting, feeding). A total of 55 men and women age 18–35 participated in this study to determine initial reliability and validity of the scale. Participants completed the HAIS immediately following a group session in equine-assisted learning or psychotherapy. Researchers observed the sessions and also completed the HAIS, recording the interactions they observed between participants and horses. Item means ranged from 2.61 (SD = 3.62) to 7.75 (SD = 2.68). Correlations between observers’ and participants’ ratings on the HAIS ranged from r(55) = .89, p = .001 to r(55) = .94, p = .001, providing initial evidence for construct validity. Analyses indicate good internal consistency, with split-half reliability of r(55) = .875 and Cronbach’s alpha of .850. A principle components factor analysis identified two factors within the scale, accounting for 63.8% of the variance. Item loadings suggest the two factors measure interaction that is passive (e.g., watching, standing near) versus active (e.g., feeding, petting). Further validation of the scale with other animals, as well as potential uses in clinical and non-clinical settings, will be discussed. 2015 ISAZ 91 92 ISAZ2015 veterans’ PTSDremains largely unknown. methods orlevelofskillsneededbythedogs,theirefficacy atlesseningthesymptomsof similar limitationsasitspredecessors. Withnouniversalagreement astothetraining generation ofanimalprograms hasoverwhelmingcommunitysupport,italsosuffers from public’s involvementwiththeproliferation ofprison-basedanimalprograms. Whilethisnext a socialproblem. Thecivilian-ledeffort toprovide veteranswithdogsisacontinuationofthe unemployment, homelessness,andcrime,makesthementalhealthcare issuesofveterans The growing numberofveteranswithPTSDandconcomitantissuesincludingaddiction, Disorder (PTSD)aspartofagrassroots effort tofulfillthementalhealthneedsofveterans. the community, todaydogsare beingtrainedtoassistveteranswithPostTraumatic Stress found insideprisons.Whilethedogstrainedbyinmatesare mostfrequently adoptedout to most frequently canines,grows. Acontemporarypairingofanimalsandhumanscanbe As thehuman–animalbondisincreasingly recognized astherapeutic,therole ofanimals, William PatersonUniversityofNewJersey, Wayne, NJ,[email protected] Gennifer Furst PROGRAMS:TRAININGTHERAPEUTICCANINESFORVETERANS THENEXTGENERATION OFPRISONBASEDANIMAL P14 – Poster Presentations positive relationship withhorses. consciousness ofthesubjectivityhorseisneededtobetterinteractanddevelopa important factorsthatcaninfluencethepositivityornegativityofrelationship. Agreater characteristics ofthehorseatbeginningrelationship. Elementsemerge as Lombardia. participate indifferent equestriansportsintwospecificprovinces ofItaly—Umbriaand data collectedin25open-endedinterviewswithhorsepeople(allowners/riders)who their horse? and identity?Whichwords, experiences,feelingsinformantsuseforportraytherelation with feature forthem?Forourowner/rider-informants horseisaco-agentincreation ofculture read andtorespond tothemessagecommunicatedbyhorse?Ridingisadefining (rider) lookforinorder todeterminethehorseattitude?Whichare theowners’abilitiesto What are theskillsofowner(rider)inorder tounderstand and whatsignstheowner owner (rider)?Howconsiderhis/herhorse?Doesthe(rider)knowtheir human andhorse? the owner/rider. Whatspecificintercourses canexisttocreate abetterbondbetween affected byculturalaspectswithrespect tooriginaswellthelevelofcompetency heldby (first timehorseowner)andhis/herhorse.Itwillalsodelveintohowthatrelationship is between thehumanandhorse,butspecificallyonrelationship betweenanowner From ananthropological perspective,thisresearch aimstoshedlightontherelationship [email protected] Department ofClassicalStudies,HumanitiesandGeography, IULMUniversity, Milan,Italy. Barbara Ghiringhelli THE“FIRST”HORSE P15 – What hasemerged istheunderestimation oftheimportancephysicalandmental My research isconceivedasanethnographicstudypresenting ananalysisofnarrative The areas tobeinvestigatedare asfollows:Whatisthehistorybetweenhorseand Poster Presentations

93 ISAZ2015 94 ISAZ2015 the toddlerdidnot(.20;OR=1.25, reactions from by-passers( walked downapedestrianstreet whiletwoconfederateswalkingbehindherobserving toddler, respectively, againstthebaselineofwalkingalone.Procedure: A 22-year-old woman child. Thus,wecompared acknowledgementfrom strangerswhenwalkingwithadogor (neoteny or“cutenessattracts”hypothesis).Thiswouldimplythesameeffect ofahuman explanation isattentionalpreference forstimuliassociatedwithdependentoffspring being aloneorwithvariousobjects.However, themechanismisnotclear. Onepossible Walking adoghasbeenfoundtoincrease acknowledgementfrom strangers,relative to [email protected] Center forDevelopmentalandAppliedPsychologicalScience,AalborgUniversity, Denmark. Tania PedersonandTrine Anderson Tia G.B.Hansen,BarbaraBoggild,MariannePoulsen,SophiaPage, A INCREASESACKNOWLEDGEMENTFROMSTRANGERSBUT IT’SHARDLY ABOUTCUTENESS:ADOGCOMPANION P16 – Poster Presentations acknowledgement (from .16to.85;OR=5.31, walking alone,companionshipofthedogsignificantlyincreased theoddsfor condition, thewomanactivelyinvitedcontactbysmilingtoby-passers.Results:Relative dog ( were recorded whenthewomanwalkedalone( Perceived approachability andthedog’s role deservefurtherstudy. alone. We concludethat“cutenessattracts”isanunlikelyexplanationforthedogeffect. the womanreceived more acknowledgementthanwhennot,butonlysignificantlyso suggest thatthedogservedasachannel,notjustcatalyst,ofcontact.Whensmilingherself, types ofcontact.Thedogconsistentlyelicitedmore responses thanthetoddler, anddata TODDLER COMPANION DOESNOT n = 400),orwitha2.5-year-old femaletoddler( n = 1,200).Socialacknowledgement(looking,smiling,talkingto) 2 (1) = 1.18, p n 2 = 400),witha5-year-old, small,mix-breed (1) = .28). This general pattern heldforall = .28).Thisgeneralpattern = 99.29, n = 400).In50%oftrialsineach p < .001),butcompanionshipof care” factorsoftheDAQ(closeness: acquired secondhigheronthe“closeness,anddogsasfamily”“companionship dogs’ DAQandC-BARQscores. Ownersratedtheirrelationships withthedogsthey second dogjoiningthefamily. Wilcoxonsigntestscompared first-andsecond-acquired nine ofthefirst-acquired dogshadspenttime astheonlydoginhouseholdpriorto household, onaverage,for6.96±3.31yearsandthesecond3.321.82years.Allbut 7.38 ±3.27yearsand4.522.56years,respectively. Thefirst-acquired doghadlivedinthe of participants’first-andsecond-acquired dogs atthetimeofsurveycompletionwere individuals residing inWestern NewYork completedthisonline survey. Theaverageages using theCanineBehavioralAssessmentandResearch Questionnaire (C-BARQ).Sixty-five and ontheirdogs’behaviors,includinginteractionswiththeotherhouseholddog, report ontheirrelationships withtheirdogsusingtheDogAttachmentQuestionnaire (DAQ), species relationships. Thisstudyaskeddogownersresiding intwo-doghouseholdsto Dogs exhibithighlyflexiblesocialstructures andcommonlyformbothintra-inter- Canisius College,Buffalo,NY, [email protected] Christy L.Hoffman andMaliniSuchak RELATIONSHIPS INTWO-DOGHOUSEHOLDS CHARACTERIZING DOG-DOGANDDOG-HUMAN P17 – roles intheirrelationships withboththehumansanddogs whomtheyreside. p scored significantlyhigheronthe“dogrivalry”subscaleofC-BARQ( p = 0.045).Theseresults indicatethatfirst-and second-acquired dogsmayfulfilldifferent < 0.001).Regarding thedogs’relationships withtheirconspecifics, first-acquired dogs Z = 2.12, p = 0.03;companionship: Z Z = -2.00, = 3.96, Poster Presentations

95 ISAZ2015 96 ISAZ2015 Vallerand, RJandLosier, GF. (1999).Anintegrativeanalysisofintrinsicand extrinsicmotivationInsport. Baldwin, CKandNorris,PA. (1999).Exploringthedimensionsofseriousleisure: ‘Loveme,lovemydog!’. References competitive adultagilityparticipants. social/environmental factorswithinagilitythat influencethemotivationalsequenceamongst influences participation(Vallerand etal.,1999).Thepurposewastoexplore and environmental factorswithinphysicalactivity (PA) initiateamotivationalsequencethat 1999). Compared tootherdogsportsagilityrequires agreater amountofmovement.Social Dog sportsmayhelpimprove participants’physicalhealththrough exercise (Baldwinetal., [email protected] 2 Canada. 1 Rodney Hullstein PARTICIPATION INAGILITY P18 Poster Presentations in agilityandoverallPA. factors influencemotivationandparticipationmayultimatelyleadtoincreased participation appeared toinfluencemotivationandparticipation.Understandingmore abouthowthese challenge. Family, friends,mentors,andthedevelopmentofaninterspeciesbondalso orientation, initialsuccess,interspeciesbond,family, friends,andmentors. factors, andsocialfactors.Sub-themesidentifiedwere challenge,venue,egoandtask organized intomainandsub-themes.Mainthemesincludedcompetition,thedog,team identify themes. one-on-one interview. Interviewswere transcribedandthematicanalysiswasutilizedto were selectedfrom thispoolusingquotasampling.Participantspartookinasemi-structured on PA andmotivation.Sixfemalesonemalewhoengagedinhigh amountsofagility Lakehead University, SchoolofKinesiology, ThunderBay, ON,Canada. Yukon College,AppliedScienceandManagementDivision,Whitehorse,YTY1A5K4, Journal ofAppliedSportPsychology Journal ofLeisureResearch Agility participants( Participants were drawntovenuesthatprovided competition choicesandoptimal Thematic analysisgeneratedanumberofsocial/environmental themes.Themeswere –SOCIAL ANDENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE – 1 n and JoeyFarrell . = 233),recruited atagilitycompetitions,completed questionnaires . 2 internalizing symptomsatprogram’sinternalizing end, Pennebaker, J.W., Booth,R.J.,andFrancis,M.E.(2001).Lingusticsinquiryword count:LIWC2001. Reference program, achievement words symptomsattheendof the wasassociatedwithfewer externalizing 2001) wasusedtomeasure frequency ofmoodandself-regulatory language.Greater useof experiences. TheLinguisticInquiryWord Count(LIWC;Pennebaker, Booth,andFrancis, Participants were alsointervieweduponprogram completionabouttheirtraining symptomswere andinternalizing recordedexternalizing before andaftertheprogram. walking control group inwhichtheywalkedbutdidnottrainthe dogs.Participants’ intervention group thattrainedthedogsfortwoone-hoursessionseachweekortoadog shelter dogswere trainedacross theprogram. Youth were randomlyassignedtoan ( mood andself-regulation inyouth.Participantswere 34Femaleand73Maleadolescents The aimofthisstudywastotesttheextentwhichanobediencetrainingprogram affected Department ofPsychology, Wayne StateUniversity, Detroit,MI,[email protected] Dana MayandSarahMartinez Nicholas Johnson,AnnmarieCano,AmyRitaCasey, Student AwardNominee ADOLESCENTOUTCOMESINANANIMAL-ASSISTEDINTERVENTION LANGUAGE USEISASSOCIATED WITHADJUDICATED P19 – intervention targets. should beencouragedinanimal-assistedinterventionresearch toidentifypromising understudied, measure ofyouth’s states.Furthermore, internal languageusageresearch course oftheintervention.Theseresults indicatethatlanguageuseisanimportant,though also conductedtotestthemoderatingeffect ofword usageonsymptomchangeoverthe n Mahway: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates Mahway: Lawrence = 107;MeanAge15.6years; r (107) = -.230, p < .05.Greater self-regulation languagewasrelated tomore SD , 71. = .95)residing injuveniledetentioncenters.Thirty r (107) = .199. p < .05.Regression analyseswere Poster Presentations

97 ISAZ2015 98 ISAZ2015 Dana May Decety, J.,andMeyer, M.(2008).From emotionresonance toempathicunderstanding:Asocial References This randomizedcontrolled studyofadjudicatedyouth( 2 1 Amy Johnson PET: TEACHER’S DOGSANDKIDSLEARNINGTOGETHER P20 – Poster Presentations Hanselman, J.L.(2001).Copingskillsinterventionswithadolescentsinangermanagementusinganimals increased, regardless ofthegroup. Perspectivetakingapproached significance( behavior problems, empathyandperspectivetaking. Dogs wentupforadoptionfollowingtheproject. Measures (bystaff andyouth)included walking withoutassignmenttospecificdogs.Bothgroups hadweeklyclassroom education. Meyer, 2009). modeling anduseofsocialemotionoftenlackinginadjudicatedyouth(Decety training withhard-to-adopt shelterdogs.ThisAAIwasexpectedtoprovide appropriate increase empathyandself-efficacy andreduce behaviorproblems through positivedog and Mars-WALTHAM groups are needed. with non-incarcerated youth.Additionalfollow-upoftheseyouthandothercomparison emotions and/orsadnessthattheprogram ended.Hanselman(2001)foundsimilarresults youth. Increased symptomscouldbeattributedgreater internalizing awareness of with thedog-walkinggroup beinghigherthanthedog-traininggroup. Wayne StateUniversity, Detroit,MI,[email protected] Teacher’s Pet/OaklandUniversity developmental neuroscience account. therapy. Outcomes differed from behaviorandempathicconcern expectations.Internalizing Youth were randomlyassignedtodogtraining2hoursweeklyfor10weeksor The EuniceKennedyShriverNationalInstituteofChildHealth&HumanDevelopment Combined timespentwithdogsandeducationmayincrease empathyinincarcerated Journal ofChildandAdolescentGroupTherapy 2 1 , AnnmarieCano ® supported thisstudy(Grant#R03HD070621) Development andPsychopathology 2 , RitaCasey , 11(4),159–195. 2 n , NickSeivert = 117,68.4%male)aimedto , 20,1,053–1,080. 2 and p < .08), can improve ourcommunicationwithwildanddomestichorses. might provide answerstohowandwhyhorsesbuildstrong bondswithhumansandhowwe horses. Future ethologicalresearch onwildhorsestherangeandindomesticsetting The results suggestthatwildhorsesprovide atestofhowwetrain,care andprovide forall horse andtheabilitytoaccuratelyevaluateread awildhorse’s behaviorandpersonality. “partnership concept,”correctly appliedand released pressure, respect forthe individual transition. Theseincludepatience,aflexibletrainingprotocol, trainingbasedona from across theUnitedStates.Trainers describedseveralfactorsthatpromote asuccessful world, weconductedin-depthinterviewswith20wildhorsetrainers(8men,12women) explore whichfactorsinfluenceasuccessful transitionofwildhorsesintothedomestic also appearstoaffect bothadoption demandandtheprospects forsuccessfuladoption.To adoption demand,lackofinformationabouthowtoproperly care forandtrainwildhorses facilities andpastures. Althougheconomicshasplayedanimportantrole indeclining short ofsupply, andin2013approximately 48,812wildhorseswere livinginBLMholding members ofthepublicwhoprovide suitable care. However, adoptiondemandhasfallenfar horses andburros from publiclands.Ideally, theseanimalsare thenadopted-outto Horses andBurros Act,theBureau ofLandManagement(BLM)regularly removes wild To maintainthe“thrivingecologicalbalance”mandatedby1971WildFree-Roaming University, NorthGrafton,MA,[email protected] Center forAnimalsandPublicPolicy, CummingsSchoolofVeterinary MedicineatTufts Tamara Kartal,MaryKonceland Allen Rutberg PERSPECTIVE HORSES TOCOMPANION HORSES:THEWILDHORSETRAINERS’ P21 – TRANSITIONING BUREAUOFLANDMANAGEMENTWILD TRANSITIONING – Poster Presentations

99 ISAZ2015 100 ISAZ2015 addressing thesefactors. poster, andsuggestthatpetownerscanincrease theireaseoffindinghousingby that theywouldneverthelessconsiderpetsundersomeconditions.We outlinetheseinthe of landlords interviewedhadinitiallyposted adsstatingano-petspolicy, 8ofthose18said encountering similarproblems whenrenting totenantswithoutpets.Further, although18/32 oftenbaseduponpastexperiences.However,their concerns landlords alsoreported revealed aboutpetsthatfocusedmostlyonpotentialdamagetorental concerns units,with and theseproportions were related tofluctuatingvacancyrates.Interviewswithlandlords a no-petspolicy, from lessthanathird intheearly2000stomore thanhalfinrecent years; Preliminary analysesindicateanincrease overtimeintheproportion ofadsexplicitlystating about pets;andWhatfactors,ifany, mightincrease landlords’ willingnesstoallowpets? adopting ano-petspolicyincreased dolandlords overtime; Whichspecificconcerns have advertising rental units.Questionsexaminedincluded:Hastheproportion oflandlords over a15-yearperiod(2000–2014)andtelephoneinterviewswith32landlords currently with aconsistentlylowvacancyrate.Sources ofdataincludedclassifiedadvertisements We examinedlandlords’ attitudestowards tenantswithpetsinasmallNorthAmericancity policy, whichisespeciallyproblematic inareas where rental unitsare already inshortsupply. make someaspectsoflifemore difficult. Forexample,manylandlords havea‘no-pets’ Pet ownershipisassociatedwithgreater mentalandphysicalwellbeing,butitcanalso [email protected] Brook,NL,Canada. Campus,MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland,Corner Grenfell Mark M.Watton, McLennonWilsonandBrandonGoulding Carla Krachun,AmandaPower, Brandi-LeeRandell,JoshuaHoddinott, TOWARD TENANTSWITHPETS “NO PETSALLOWED”:ASTUDYOFLANDLORDATTITUDES P22 – Poster Presentations on theprotection ofshorebirds. were found,thisstudyprovides insightsintofactorsthatinfluence thevalueindividualsplace relationships betweenbirds’ physicalfeatures andattributionsofpersonalityoremotions birds haveindividualpersonalities( more likelythannon-supporterstobelievethebird inthephoto feltemotions( appearances andassessmentsofpersonalityoremotion.However, wildlifesupporterswere whether theywere activesupportersofwildlife.There wasnorelationship betweenbirds’ much moneytheywoulddonatetoconservationefforts targeted atthe species pictured and standardized personalityandemotionassessments. Participantsalsowere askedhow comfortable assessingthepersonalityandemotionsoftheirassignedbird didsousing general andinrelation tooneofsixbirds depictedinaphotograph.Participantswhofelt were askedabouttheirtendenciestoattributepersonalityandemotionsbirds, bothin how physicalfeatures mayimpactassumptionsmadeaboutshorebirds, 235participants assumptions mayinfluencethevalueindividualsplaceontheseanimals’lives.To examine Animals’ physicalfeatures canimpactassumptionsmadeaboutthem,andsuch College ofArts&Sciences,CanisiusCollege,Buffalo,NY, [email protected] Caitlin A.LeckerandChristyL.Hoffman CONSERVATION-RELATED IMPLICATIONS SHOREBIRDS’ PERSONALITYANDEMOTIONSTHE ANEXAMINATION OFTHEASSUMPTIONSMADEABOUT P23 – ( addition, peoplewoulddonatemore iftheybelievedthebird in thephotofeltemotion df t = 3.49, = 1, p = 0.05)anddonatedmore inthevirtualscenario( df = 232, p = 0.001),thatbirds haveemotions( t = 2.53, df = 232, p = 0.01).Althoughnodiscernable t = 2.32, t = 2.17, df df = 232, = 232, p Poster Presentations p = .02),andthat = 0.03).In 2 = 3.70,

101 ISAZ2015 102 ISAZ2015 Ping-Tzu Lee narrative review concludeswithrecommendations forfuture research. without separatingthemoutfordataanalysis,thusobscuringmodality-specificfindings.The analysis studieswastheinclusionofvaryingequine-assistedtherapymodalitiestogether, common methodologicallimitationofmanythereviewed qualitative,survey, andmeta- response ratesandproblematic samplingstrategiesthataffect validityinferences. external A posing threats validity. tointernal Notedlimitationsofthereviewed surveyresearch were low pretest-posttest designs,combiningEAPwithnon-EAPpsychotherapy, andhighattrition,all Limitations ofthereviewed experimentaland quasiexperimentalstudiesincludedonegroup considered preliminary duetovariousmethodologicallimitationsinthereviewed research. behavioral functioning.Yet, conclusionsabouttheeffectiveness ofEAPmuststillbe for thevalueofEAPenhancingchildren’s andadolescents’emotional,social, skills. Thereviewed experimentalandquasi experimentalresearch provides initialevidence evidence forthevalueofEAPenhancingadolescents’communicationandrelationship master’s thesesordoctoraldissertations.Thereviewed qualitativeresearch provides initial completed in2005.Fourofthesestudiesare peer-reviewed articles,while20are journal dating from between2005and2013includingthefirstEAPempiricalresearch in thesesanddissertations.We selectedtwenty-fourstudiesforfinalinclusioninthisstudy, studies, includingbotharticlespublishedinpeer-reviewed andresearch journals presented future research inEAP. Specificallyreviewed are qualitativeandquantitativeempirical treatment. Thisnarrativesynthesisexplores thecurrent stateofknowledgeandareas for Equine-assisted psychotherapy(EAP)isaninnovativeemerging approach tomentalhealth 3 2 [email protected] 1 FUTURERESEARCH PSYCHOTHERAPYLITERATURE: CURRENTKNOWLEDGEAND EVIDENCESYNTHESISOFEQUINE-ASSISTED P24 – Poster Presentations Colorado StateUniversityLibraries,University, FortCollins,CO,USA. School ofSocialWork, AppalachianStateUniversity, Boone,NC,USA. School ofSocialWork, ColoradoStateUniversity, FortCollins,CO,USA. 1 , EmilyDakin DIRECTIONS 2 and MerindaMcLure 3 discussed inthedevelopmentandimplementationofobservationalratingmeasures. behavioral assessmentofhuman–animalinteraction.Logisticalchallengeswillalsobe this studyhaveimplicationsforresearch onbondingwithnon-companion animalsaswell participants, whowere ratedmultipletimesoverthecourseofprogram. Theresults of conducted totestinter-item reliability becauseratingswere nestedwithinratersand about themeasure willbepresented. Inaddition,multilevelmodelinganalyseswere observational measure withweeklymeetingsandacodingmanual.Descriptiveinformation on previous behaviorsobservedinsimilarprograms. Twenty-three raterswere trainedinthe was created basedonpriorworkdogbondingaswellfeedbackfrom thethird author were trainedandwalkedacross theten-weekprogram. A12-itemobservationalchecklist sessions eachweekandattendedahumaneeducationclassfortenweeks.Thirtydogs Mean Age=15.6years; study were adjudicatedadolescentsresiding attwojuveniledetention centers( the courseofananimal-assistedinterventionthatutilizedshelterdogs.Participantsin purpose ofthisstudywastodevelopandtestanewmeasure toassessdogbondingduring studies. Observationalscalesare alsoneededtoaccuratelyassessbondingbehavior. The it isalsoimportanttoassessattachmentandbondinganimalsusedinintervention Although there are petattachmentscalesavailableforstudiesofhuman-animalinteraction, 2 1 Martinez, S.C. MEASURE FORANIMAL-ASSISTEDINTERVENTIONS P25 –DEVELOPMENTOFANOBSERVATIONAL DOGBONDING Teacher’s PetofMichigan Wayne [email protected] 1 , Cano,A. SD = .93).Allyouthtrainedorwalkedshelterdogsfortwoone-hour 1 , Johnson,A. 2 , Casey, R. 1 , &May, D. Poster Presentations n 1 = 138; 1

103 ISAZ2015 104 ISAZ2015 translated versionistobeimplementedinfuture studies. the measure needtobeverifiedand/ormodifiedinaculturallyconsideratecontextifthe are atriskforengaginginanimalcruelty. However, severalitemsinourSpanishtranslationof Conclusion: of differential itemfunctionwasfoundacross SpanishandEnglishtranslations. disordering ofcategorieswasevident.The samplewasalsowelltargeted. Notably, evidence thresholds increased withcategoryvaluesindicatingscaleusewasappropriate andno residuals indicatedasinglelatentconstructamongthe12remaining items.Rasch-Andrich specifically, removal ofitem 5wasrequired. ARaschprincipalcomponentsanalysisof Findings: invariance initemfunctioning,andtargeting ofthemeasure were assessed. the software, Winsteps(Linacre, 2012).Scaledimensionality, itemandpersonfit,reliability, age from 7to12years(77%racial/ethnicminority).ARaschanalysiswasconductedusing cruelty inhouseholdsexperiencingintimatepartnerviolence.Participants( Methods: theory analyses. about thepsychometricproperties oftheCTAQ byusingtraditionalanditemresponse Thompson andGullone2003).Specifically, thecurrent studyextendswhatisknown English translationsoftheChildren’s Treatment ofAnimalsQuestionnaire (CTAQ; Purpose: University ofDenver, Denver, CO,[email protected] OF QUESTIONNAIREINANETHNICALLY DIVERSESAMPLE P26 Poster Presentations and KathyE.Green JamesHerbertWilliams Shelby ElaineMcDonald,CourtneyVidacovich, Student AwardNominee CHILDREN: ARASCHANALYSIS –VALIDITY OFTHECHILDREN’STREATMENT OFANIMALS – The CTAQ showedadequatefittotheRaschmodelwithonemodification— The current studyreports findingsfrom apsychometricanalysisofSpanishand NOT PRESENTEDData were collectedaspartofalarger studyofchildren’s exposure toanimal Our results suggesttheCTAQ iswellsuitedforchildren ages7to12yearswho n = 217)rangedin practices onstress intherapeuticridinghorses. Future research shouldexplore theeffects ofhusbandryandveterinarymanagement not experiencesignificantlyhigherstress duringtherapeuticridingthanmainstream riding. change significantlyduringthedifferent activities.Thus, ourfindingssuggestthathorsesdo 0.002, and-0.031( and -0.032respectively ( measured at30minutesintorest, mainstream, andtherapeuticridingwere 0.147,0.0762, test. Changesincortisoldidnotvarysignificantlyduringthedifferent activities.Changes riding, mainstream riding,andrest) bynonparametricWilcoxon matched-pairssignedrank scored usinganethnogramdevelopedfortherapeuticriding. measured usinganenzymeimmunoassay. Thehorses’behaviorwasvideo-recorded and diagnoses. Salimetricsswabswere usedtocollectsaliva.Cortisolconcentrationswere group andonetherapeuticridinggroup, includingstudentswith variousmentalhealth Two groups ofsixriders(all8–14yearsold)participated:onemainstream, able-bodiedriding account fortheindividualityofbasalcortisollevels,eachhorseservedasitsowncontrol. stress levelscompared tomainstream riding. salivary cortisolandbehaviortoassessiftherapeuticridingwasassociatedwithhigher participating intherapeuticridingmayimpactthehorsesinvolved.Thisstudymeasured With theincreasing popularityofequine-assistedactivities,itisimportanttoevaluatehow University, Medford,MA,[email protected] Department ofClinicalSciences,CummingsSchoolVeterinary MedicineatTufts Caroline McKinney, MeganMuellerandNicholas Frank OF STRESSINHORSES EFFECTS OFTHERAPEUTICRIDINGONMEASURES P27 – Salivary cortisolconcentrationswere compared betweeneach activity(therapeutic Saliva wascollectedforsixweeksfrom sixadult horses(medianage=17years).To p = 0.156,0.313,and0.438).Similarly, thehorses’behaviordidnot p = 0.625,0.25,0.125).Deltavaluesat60minuteswere -0.0177,- Poster Presentations

105 ISAZ2015 106 ISAZ2015 HAI. Localetypesignificantlypredicted HAI; more likelythanmalestoparticipateinananimal-related activity. ownership. There were nogenderdifferences inpetownership,butfemaleswere 1.67times mother withfourormore yearsofcollegeeducationwasnegativelyrelated topet as likelytobeinvolvedinanimal-related activities compared tootherparticipants.Havinga White/Caucasian participantswere 2.68timesmore likelytohaveananimaland2.47times educationlevel(asaproxymaternal forsocioeconomicstatus)predicted involvementinHAI. characteristics predicted likelihoodofbeing involvedinHAI.We alsoexaminedwhether female andWhite/Caucasianparticipants,weexplored whethereitheroftheseindividual participated inananimal-related extracurricular activity. Giventhehighpercentage ofboth between demographiccharacteristicsandHAI. individuals’ interactionwithanimals.Thegoalofthisstudywastoassesstherelationship resources, discretionary time,andresidential location(urbanvs.ruralsettings)mayinfluence been anunderstudiedarea inhuman–animalinteraction(HAI).Factorssuchasfinancial Understanding thecontextualanddemographicfactorsthatplayarole inpetownershiphas [email protected] Cummings SchoolofVeterinary MedicineatTufts University, Medford,MA,USA. Megan Mueller TO HUMAN–ANIMALINTERACTION DEMOGRAPHICANDCONTEXTUALFACTORS ANDACCESS P28 – Poster Presentations contextual characteristicsinfluencehowandwhypeopleengagewithanimals. lived inurbanareas were halfaslikelyindividualsinruralareas toparticipateinHAI. Chi-square andlogisticregression analyseswere usedtoassessifresidential localeand Participants were 567lateadolescents;69%reported havingapet,and31.4% These findingsunderscore theimportanceofunderstandinghowdemographicand 2 (2, n = 533)7.55, p = .02.Individualswho university studentsinTokyo ( 15-20 minutestocompleteonavoluntary, anonymousbasis, were givento19+year-old Phase II: operate acremation process andcomfortgrievingcustomers. in Yokohama, Japan—including Phase I: Methods: society andhumansaswellontheanimalscremated there. funerals, focusingespeciallyonpetcremation servicesandtheirsociologicalimpacts,on pet funeralservices. there isapaucityofavailablesociologicaldatapeople’s needs andattitudestoward such started usingpetfuneralservicesfortheirbelovedanimalsnowadaysinJapan.However, Background: Yamazaki GakuenUniversity, Hachioji,Tokyo, [email protected] Noriko NiijimaandAyako Matsumoto INJAPAN RESEARCHONPETFUNERALSERVICES WHAT THEYNEEDWHENAPETDIES:SOCIOLOGICAL P29 – more, whichindicates 55% ofthosewhoprefer cremation wouldliketowitnessthe whole process thoughitcosts cremation Results andConclusion: questions. Datawere codedandanalyzedbySPSSver.16. owners, theirneedsandchoicecriteria,usingopen-response questionsandmultiple-choice experiences ofpetkeeping,death,funeral,cremation services,emotionalexperiencesof pet This studyintendstofindoutJapanesepeople’s needsandattitudestoward pet Various informationwasgathered in8-month-longfieldworkapetfuneralservice Standardized questionnaires were developed,containing14questions,taking ( p < 0.05)butto Despite thedecreasing budgetsforhumanfuneral,manypetownershave Respondents whohavebereaved theirpets tendtoapprove of prefer burialundertheearth n = 130;102femalesand26males).Thequestionnaires include insider information onbusinesscontents,suchashowto: if theirpets’sizeissmall( Poster Presentations p < 0.05).

107 ISAZ2015 108 ISAZ2015 rehabilitations needsofhomelesswithpets. explored andcommunicatedwithsocialstakeholdersinFranceorder tobettermeetthe difficult byaddingproblems (security, cohabitation,dirtiness,disease). lack ofknowledgeaboutdealingwithdogs,includingresistance tomakingshelteringmore according tosheltersthatwelcomeanimals. Forsheltersthatrefuse dogs,datarevealed their policy. We concludedthatperceived nuisanceassociatedwithdogsisinsignificant Directors ofthesesheltersbyphonetoverify iftheyacceptdogs,aswellthereasons for homeless sheltersinFrancedonotacceptthedogs.Phoneinterviewswere conductedwith dogs increases opportunitiesforsuccessful reintegration intosociety. strength, asthelastremaining linktosociety. Therelationship betweenhomelessandtheir that thepresence ofadogincreases theowner’s senseofresponsibility perceived social health andwellbeing,aswell15interviewswithhomelessdog-owners.Resultsshowed organizations, entailedobservationstocollectinformationabouttypesofdogs,theirstate bond betweenhomelessandtheirdogs;thebenefitsrisksofthisrelationship. has beendone,however, tounderstandwhyhomelessindividualskeepdogs;thequalityof estimated that25%ofhomelesspeopleinFranceownoneormore dogs.Littleresearch 200,000 homelessindividualswere estimatedtoliveinFrance2014.Additionally, itis International FundforAnimalWelfare, Sydney, [email protected] and ChristopheBlanchard Charlotte Nivelet,CélineSissler-Bienvenu, HannaLentz,KateAtema WITHIN THEREHABILITATION PROCESSINFRANCE RELATIONSHIPS FACED WITHTHELACKOFCONSIDERATION BENEFITSFROMTHEHOMELESSPEOPLE/DOGS P30 – Poster Presentations Benefits ofhuman/dogrelationships inthe rehabilitation process needtobefurther However, anotherstudyconducted in2012201French sheltersshowedthat80%of A studyconductedinReims(France)2012,collaborationwithhomelesssupport some kindofphysiologicalarousal. measures are stillunderanalysis,butourresults suggestthatinteractionwithdogsleadto interaction (p<.05).Nogroup differences were observedincortisollevel(n.s.).Other AP1132 (DigitexLab.). experiment, heartrate,respiration andskinconductancewere measured byPolymateII assay, andparticipantsfilledinTwo-Dimensional MoodScale(TDMS).Throughout the rotation task,and5)5minresting. Aftereachstage,salivawas collectedforthecortisol mental rotation task,3)5min.interactionwithdog,stuffed dog,orplant,4)10minmental or plantconditions.Theexperimentconsistedof5stages,1)min.resting, 2)10min. 29, 17maleandfemale)participated.Theywere randomlyassignedtodog,stuffed dog, situation bymeasuringpsychologicalandphysiologicalindexes.Thirty-fouradults(age20- available tosupportits’effects. the pastdecade,butasbecauseoflackhistory, notmuchexperimentalevidenceis Animal AssistedEducation(AAE)hasbecomepopularprogram forchildren andeducatorin 3 2 1 Izuru Nose ASSISTED EDUCATION PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICALSTATES OFHUMANSINANIMAL- INTERACTIONS WITHDOGSDOINFLUENCE P31 – Matsuyama ShinonomeCollege. Tokyo UniversityofAgriculture. Nippon Veterinary andLifeScienceUniversity, Musashino,Tokyo, [email protected] TDMS result showedthatdogconditionparticipants showedsomearousal afterthe In ourstudy, wehaveexaminedtheeffects ofinteractingwithdogsunderstressful 1 , AsamiTuchida SITUATION 2 , KaoriMasamoto 3 and MikiKakinuma Poster Presentations 1

109 ISAZ2015 110 ISAZ2015 reduced PTSDsymptomseverity( (Aim 2).Themostcommonlyreported outcomesincludedreduced depression ( weaknesses, suchasalackofattentioncontrol groups andthe useofbiasedinformants more thanonestudy(Aim1).Theevidencebasewassubjecttomanymethodological Main Findings: ( adolescents whohadexperiencedphysicaland/orsexualabuse( and fourwere theses,allpublishedsince2004.Studysamplescomprisedofchildren and Key Literature: AAI, (2)evaluatethestudymethodology, and(3)summarizereported outcomes. extraction itemswere selectedtomeetthree specificaims:(1) describethecharacteristicsof reporting itemsforsystematicreviews andmeta-analyses(PRISMA) guidelines.Data Methods: (PTSD). on animal-assistedintervention(AAI)fortrauma,includingposttraumaticstress disorder Introduction: 2 1 Marguerite E.O’Haire A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW FORTRAUMA: ANIMAL-ASSISTEDINTERVENTION P32 – Poster Presentations rigorous evaluationacross samples. with standardized manualdevelopmenttoenableconsistentimplementationandmore benefits. Thiscriticalstageofinterventiondevelopmentshouldbecontinuedinconjunction intervention fortrauma,inwhichpilotstudiesare conductedtoshowfeasibilityandpotential Conclusions: n Université deRennes. Purdue University, Purdue,IL,[email protected] = 2),andcollegestudentswhoviewedatraumaticvideo( A systematicliterature review wasconductedinaccordance withthepreferred This review demonstratesthatAAIisinthe firstphaseofresearch asanew The objectivewastocollectandsynthesizetheexistingempiricalliterature Ten studiesmettheinclusioncriteria.Sixwere peer-reviewed articles journal The presentation ofAAIwashighlyvariable, withnoprotocol replicated in 1 , NoémieGuérin n = 5),andreduced anxiety( 2 and AlisonKirkham n = 1). n = 4). n = 7),adultwarveterans 1 n = 6), and disseminateaccurateestimates,alongsideguidelinesfortheirproper interpretation. literature. Itisimperativethatthescientificcommunityacceptsitsresponsibility toprovide pertaining todogbiteincidenceandstrength, from boththepublicsphere andscientific terminology (e.g.‘lockingjaw’),particularlyinthenewsmedia. breed specificlegislation,hasledtotheuse ofunsupportedmaximumbiteforce figures and Dangerous DogsAct1991. used recently toestimatecoststheNHS andtosupporttheamendmentofUK is consistentlyrecycled. Despitethisfigure being25yearsold andunevidenced,ithasbeen Additionally, theillustrativeconjecture byThomasandBanks(1990)of230000bites/annum exclusively bites,ordescribedas‘dogattacks’implyingpremeditated actsofaggression. (i.e. ‘bittenorstruckbyadog’)(Orritt,2014).Thesefigures are frequently assumedtobe makers quotenationalhospitalincidencefigures forpatientsgiventhediagnosiscodeW54 throughgovernment legislativechange. general public.Thismanifestsinhysteria,whichisacknowledgedandaffirmed bythe subject tooverrepresentation bythemedia,whichincreases theperception ofriskbythe profile, bothinthenewsmediaandpolicy-makingdiscussions.Dogbitefatalitiesare Over thepast25years,issueofdogbitesinUKhasmaintainedaconsistentlyhigh 2 1 Rachel Orritt Student AwardNominee MEDIA ANDPUBLICPOLICY THEHISTORY OFDOGBITEMISINFORMATION INUKNEWS P33 – Independent Researcher, Drive,GideaPark,Romford,Essex,UK. 35Farnes School ofPsychology, UniversityofLincoln,[email protected] The authorspresent examplesofunevidenced estimatesandinaccurateterminology Additionally, thefocusoncomparativeriskposedbydifferent breeds, aspromoted by To supporttheargument fortheinherent dangerousness andpolicy ofdogs,journalists 1 and JamesOxley 2 Poster Presentations

111 ISAZ2015 112 ISAZ2015 Somaweera, R.andN.(2010).Serpentsinjars:thesnakewineindustryVietnam. Lachenmeier, D.W., Anh,P. T. H.,Popova,S.andRehm,J.(2009).Thequalityofalcoholproducts inVietnam References these animals. this review highlightstheneedforresearch intothecollection,managementandwelfare of alcoholic content(Lachenmeieretal.,2009))ortheimpactonenvironment. Therefore, snakes) andinvestigatesthecontentsofparticularproduct (e.g.thespeciesused, on acommercial scale.Research generallyfocusesonaspecificspeciesortaxon(e.g. information isavailableonhowsuchreptiles are caught/hunted andmanaged,especially (e.g. bags,belts)andformedicinalpurposes(SomaweeraSomaweera,2010).Limited religious/traditional/ornamental reasons, foruseasrawmaterialincommercial products preservation ofananimalforfood,useasingredient of analcoholicbeverage,for into alcoholforanumberofdifferent reasons, eithersinglyorincombination,including:for associated withit.Ithasbeennotedthatreptiles suchassnakesandlizards maybeput welfare anduseofreptiles withinstored liquids,suchasalcohol,hashadlimitedresearch traditional medicinesorpotentialpublichealthimplications,however, themanagement, The majorityofresearch associatedwithreptiles forconsumptionappearstorefer to ²Moulton College,West Street,Moulton,UK. [email protected] ¹Independent Researcher, Drive,GideaPark,Romford,EssexRM26NS,UK. 35Farnes James A.Oxley¹andWanda McCormick² THEWELFARE OFREPTILESFORCONSUMPTION P34 – Poster Presentations Threatened Taxa. 2,090–2,101. and itsimplicationsforpublichealth.

NOT PRESENTED 2 1,251. International JournalofEnvironmentalResearchandPublicHealth Journal of Journal . 6 Huan, G.(2010) Reference focused onunderstandingtheuseandwelfare ofanimalsinthiscontext. aspects, andsuggeststheneedforfurtherscientificresearch, especially thatwhichis reviews thehuman–animalrelationship withinmagic,looking at bothpositiveandnegative involved inusingliveanimalsisreadily available onsocialmedia(e.g.YouTube). Thispaper animals usedinmagicisavailableonlineanddemonstrationofthetricksprocedures example rabbits).Awiderangeofmagicians’props andliterature relating specificallyto potential stress toanimalsthatsuchshows mayinvolve(especiallyprey animals,for differ betweenindividualmagicians),theequipmentinvolved(e.g.Bengal Net),andthe animals (e.g.housingandhandlingmethods)duringsuchmagicshows(andhowthese little research lookingintothefrequency ofmagicshowsusinganimals,thetreatment of and otherspeciessuchasdovesducks(Huan,2010).However, there appearstobe performances; commonspeciesincludebothdomesticcompanionsuchasrabbits Throughout historyavarietyofmagicianshaveusednumberanimalsintheir [email protected] Independent Researcher, GideaPark,Romford,Essex,RM26NS,UK. James A.Oxley THEUSEOF ANIMALSINMAGICSHOWS P35 –

NOT PRESENTED Diary of a Blind Magician: Secrets oftheAmazingHoundini. ofaBlindMagician:Secrets Diary AuthorHouse: US Poster Presentations

113 ISAZ2015 114 ISAZ2015 Ramos etal.2013. Lichtsteiner, Turner. 2008. Bradshaw etal.2012. within multi-cathouseholds,andmeanCSSscores were categorized.33%( that includedquestionsoncatinteractions.Agonisticsignswere usedtodefinegroups developed from dogstudiesfor nine-point scalewere recorded. Catswere trainedandtestedwithajudgmentbiasprotocol separate longitudinalstudy, andvisitedintheirhomes.Afterhabituation,three CSSsusinga with andwithoutowner-reported agonisticsigns.Participants( a cognitivewelfare measure (“judgmentbias”)tocompare singleandmulti-cathouseholds welfare. Ouraimwastouseacompositebehavioralmeasure (Cat-Stress-Score; CSS),and Over 40%ofUKcatsliveinmulti-cathouseholds,butitisunclearhowmuchthisinfluences Murray etal.2010. References 2 [email protected] 1 S. Ozgunay WELFARE INCATS LIVINGINSINGLEANDMULTI-CAT HOUSEHOLDS COGNITIVEANDCOMPOSITEBEHAVIOURAL ASSESSMENT OF P36 – Poster Presentations Mendel etal.2010. Kessler, Turner. 1997. living isconsistently“stressful” forcats. multi-cat households,suggestingweneedtore-evaluate thegeneralassumptionthatgroup findings are consistentwithfaecalandurinarycortisolcomparisonsbetweensingle Variation infactorsout-withexperimentalcontrol potentiallyinfluencedthisresult. However, nor betweenmulti-cathouseholdswithandwithoutagonisticsigns( difference injudgmentbiasesorCSSwasfoundbetween singleandmulti-cathouseholds, 9–22) months,30catswere male(2unneutered) and12neutered females.Nosignificant tests were usedtocompare groups. Meancatagewas14.46(range completed thejudgmentbiastask.Mann-Whitney WALTHAM School ofVeterinary Science,UniversityofBristol,Langford,UK. ® Centre forPetNutrition,WalthamCentre ontheWolds, UK.LE144RT. Leicestershire, 1 , J.K.Murray Veterinary Record, Phys.Behavior. Curr. Biology. Animal Welfare. Behaviour oftheDomesticCat. Animal Welfare 20:R839–R40 122, 72–75 6, 243–254. #166, 163–168. ≤ 5 days(15trials/day).Ownerscompletedquestionnaires 1 , E.Rowe . 17,215–237. 2nded. CABI. 1 , N.R.Gee U (judgment bias)andchi-squared (CSS) 2 n and R.A.Casey = 128)were recruited from a p > 0.15inallcases). n = 42)cats 1 for consideringthesource ofourpets. from CBEsfaceinformingpositiverelationships withhumans andcallattentiontotheneed suppression ofdigestivefunctions).These findings shedlightonthedifficulties thatdogs’ produce enoughsalivatoassay, perhapsduetoheightenedstress (i.e.,sympathetic Differences incortisollevelswillbediscussed,thoughnearlyhalfoftheCBEdogsdidnot so theirabilitytofollowsocialcueslocatehiddenfooditemscouldnotbeassessed. p including alongerlatencytoinitiatecontact(Mann-Whitney analyses revealed thatCBEdogsshowedlower levelsofhuman-directed socialbehavior, a food-basedpointingtask.Salivarycortisollevelswere assessedatthree timepoints.Initial sanctuary were observedwhileinteractingwithanunfamiliarresearcher andthentestedon Twenty dogs(8CBE,12otherbackgrounds) currently residing atHeartsUnitedforAnimals breeding establishments(CBEs,akapuppymills)duringsocialinteractionswithhumans. We explored differences inthebehaviorandcortisollevelsofdogsrescued from commercial deprived environments demonstratemultiplebehavioralandpsychologicalabnormalities. Past research hasshownthatdogsare reared andmaintainedinadversesocially USA. [email protected] Department ofPsychology–Neuroscience&Behavior, UniversityofNebraskaatOmaha, Alicia PhillipsButtnerandRosemaryStrasser ESTABLISHMENTS OF DOGSRESCUEDFROMCANINECOMMERCIALBREEDING THEBEHAVIORAL, SOCIAL,ANDHORMONALOUTCOMES P37 – U related behavior, includingspendingmore timeinacrouched position(Mann-Whitney look attheresearcher (Mann-Whitney = .03).CBEdogswere lesslikelytoacceptfoodfrom theresearcher ( = 23, Z = 2.26, p = .02)andlesstimeinlocomotion(Mann-Whitney U = 19, Z = 2.24, p = .03),andexhibitedmore fear- U = 21, Z U = 2.09, = 20.5, 2 = 5.69, Poster Presentations p = .04)and Z p = 2.26, = .02),

115 ISAZ2015 116 ISAZ2015 choose lesspopularorcontemporarylocalnames,were alsoobserved. high frequency ofusingforeign names(average:18.95%per year), andatendencyto cases throughout the20-yearspan(lowest/highestscores: 46.59%/55.43%).Arelatively human names—local,foreign, historical,andderivedfrom pop culture—in roughly 50%of records subjectedtocategorizationandtemporalanalysis,there wasasteadytrend ofusing at thelargest Polish petcemetery, Psilos,between 1993and2013.Withinthe10,150 in suchcontextanemerging fashion? people frequently usehumannamestonametheircompanions?Andisusing such perception bereflected inhowwenameourdogs,catsandrabbits?Furthermore, do Western perception ofthecompanionanimalisthatafriendorfamilymember. Would animal, butalsohowothersare toperceive it(Borkfelt,2011). A predominant contemporary abundant category:companionanimals. most are not),wepersistentlygivenamestothemembersofoneparticularlysignificantand never grantedsuchprivilege.Despiteafewgrey areas (e.g.,somezooanimalsare named, well asbygivingsomeofthemindividualnames.Mostanimals(wild,pests,cattle,etc.)are Our relationships withnonhumansare predominantly affected byhowwedescribethem,as (visiting professorin2014–15),[email protected] Warsaw UniversityofTechnology, Poland(mainaffiliation),EasternKentuckyUniversity Michał PiotrPregowski A NEWFASHION ORASTEADYTREND? HUMANNAMESASCOMPANION ANIMALNAMES: P38 – Poster Presentations This paperpresents theanalysisofdatabaserecords ofthenamesanimalslaidtorest By naminganindividualwenotonlychoosehowwanttorepresent thatparticular management programs. resources bedevelopedtoassistcommunitiesinimplementinglocally-drivenalternative suburban wildlifemanagement.Onthebasisofthisstudy, werecommend thatpoliciesand described elevatedunderstandingofthebureaucratic andlogisticalchallengesposedby management. Allindividuals,independentofthequalitytheirvolunteerexperience, negative experiencedescribedeitheranincrease infrustrationwithdeerorwildlife wildlife andrespect forthechallengesofwildlifemanagement.Volunteers whohada had apositivevolunteerexperiencedescribedanincrease inunderstandingofsuburban a shiftinperspectiveasresult Individualswhodiscussedhaving ofexperiential learning. responsibility tohelpsolveaproblem them.Notably, thatconcerned participantsreported diverse. Reportedmotivationsforparticipatingincludedcivicprideandasenseof interviews of17resident volunteers.Asexpected,viewsofdeeramongparticipantswere better understandtheirmotivationsandexperiences,weconductedsemi-structured study, thisproject uniquelyrelies heavilyontheparticipationofresident volunteers.To their impacts.Centered around adeerporcine zonapellucida(PZP)immunocontraception comprehensive project tomanagelocaldeerpopulations,andmitigatemeasure strategies israre. In2014,theVillage ofHastings-on-Hudson,NewYork, USA,begana of suburbancommunitiesinimplementingwildlifemanagementandconflictresolution facilitated mechanismstoexchangeinformationandperspectives,butdirect participation diverse populationsinhabitingsuburbancommunities.Statewildlifeagencieshave a challengingconversationbetweenstatewildlifemanagementagenciesandtheethically Increasing densitiesofbothpeopleandwildlifeinsuburbanenvironments haveintroduced University, NorthGrafton,MA,[email protected] Center forAnimalsandPublicPolicy, CummingsSchoolofVeterinary MedicineatTufts Danika Oriol-MorwayandAllenRutberg SUBURBANDEERPOPULATION MANAGEMENTPROJECT PERSPECTIVESOFVOLUNTEERSINANON-LETHAL P39 – Poster Presentations

117 ISAZ2015 118 ISAZ2015 also forced toshare blameforhumanfailings. contemporary times.Simians,inconsequence,mayattimesenjoyhumanprivilegesbutare continuetodominateWestern representation ofprimatesin children, primitives demons,fools, atree.Adam andEve,sharinganappleunderneath Thesefourcategories iconography borrowed from theBiblebydepictingmonkeysintraditionalmannerof Renaissance andrevived intheearlytomiddlenineteenthcentury. Severalillustratorsused mischievous children, commoninRococopaintings,orwildmenandwomen,popularthe monkeys were oftenrepresented asprimevalhumanbeings,whichmaybedividedinto Darwinian culture, times,apesand andasfools,inAesopianfables.InEarlymodern Accordingly, primateswere oftenrepresented bothasdemonic,inMedievalandpost- beings, whowere punishedforhubris,suchasthepeoplewhobuiltTower ofBabel. perspectives on,humansociety. Inlegends,apeshaveoftenbeendegeneratehuman anthropomorphized, buttheyvarygreatly inrepresenting different aspectsof,or Adam andEve.Throughout Western culture, pictures ofsimians havebeenconsistently Eden, sincetheartiststacitlyassumedthattheywere, togetherwithhumans,represented by conspicuously absentfrom theanimalsdepicted intraditionalpaintingsoftheGarden of as beingalmostsynonymouswithhumankind.Apesandmonkeysare usually culture has,longbefore DarwinorLinnaeus,oftenimplicitlyunderstoodapesandmonkeys illustrations, revealing paradigmsbeneaththethreshold ofconsciousawareness. Western This slidelecture closelyanalyzesrepresentations ofsimiansinpopularandscientific [email protected] Mercy College,StateUniversityofIllinoisatSpringfield,[email protected]; Boria Sax HUMANKIND OFAPES,ANDWHAT IMAGES THEYTELLUSABOUT P40 – Poster Presentations with strategiesthatcanamelioratethisstress andalsobenefitthewelfare oftheanimals. abandoned animalsexperienceahighlevelofoccupationalstress. Thepaperconcludes training andattentioninsettingsthatare underfunded. are adoptingorsurrendering animals,aswellproviding animalswithsufficient exercise, care ofanimals,particularlydogs.Theseincludedeuthanasia,contactwiththepublic who conditions thatcanbefoundinmanytypesoforganizations. However, otherspertainedto method toidentifycommonthemesandsources ofstress. Some sources were generic UnitedStates.Datawereand innortheastern analyzedusingtheconstantcomparison Ontario,Canada women (ages22-59)whoworkinatotalofsixanimalshelterssouthern relationships withanimalsandhowthoserelationships canengender stress. relevant toshelterworkers.Thispaperreports theresults thatreflect theworkers’ shelter workers,andb)todeterminewhethercurrent modelsofoccupationalstress are experienced byshelterworkers.Theobjectiveswere, a)toidentifystressors uniqueto sources ofstress. Therefore, thisresearch wasdesignedtodocumenttherangeofstressors preliminary consultationswithadministratorsandfront-line workerssuggestedbroader of stress. Corroborating research largely focusesonstress related toeuthanization.Yet, our Anecdotal evidenceindicatesthatpeoplewhoworkinanimalsheltersexperiencehighlevels University ofToronto, ON,[email protected] Margaret SchneiderandJesseRoberts HUMAN–ANIMAL BOND STRESS AMONGANIMALSHELTER WORKERSANDTHE P41 – This paperhighlightsthefactthatpeoplewhompublicentruststocare for This research wasaqualitativestudyinvolvingsemi-structured interviewswith22 Poster Presentations

119 ISAZ2015 120 ISAZ2015 of timeanindividualspentrestrained earlyinlife(AIC=-137.73, (AIC =-177.99, In cows,agonismwasbestexplainedbyamodelincludingearlyseparationfrom themother which elementsofpastexperienceexplainthevarianceinsocialbehavioratsanctuary. recorded affiliative andagonisticbehaviorusedalinearmixedmodeltodetermine cows (n=8)andpigs10)housedattheWoodstock Farm AnimalSanctuary. We behavior ofcowsandpigscurrently housedinthesanctuarysetting.Participantswere adult is welldocumented.Thecurrent studyexplored therole ofpasthistoryonthesocial The long-termeffect ofearlytraumaticexperiencesinhumansandsomenonhumananimals USA. [email protected] Department ofAnimalBehavior, CanisiusCollege,Buffalo,NY, Ecology&Conservation, Larisa SchuckleandMaliniSuchak SANCTUARYSETTING OF COWS(BOSTAURUS) ANDPIGS(SUSSCROFA) INTHE P42 Poster Presentations possibility forrecovery inthesanctuarysetting. past experiencecaninfluencesocialbehaviorinamyriadofwaysandbutalsohighlightthe longer tenure atthesanctuaryexhibitedlowerratesofagonism.Theseresults showthat pigs ( Interestingly, there wasalsosignificanteffect oftimespentatthesanctuaryonagonismfor In pigs,thefullmodelhadhighestexplanatorypowerforagonism(AIC=-116.98, 2 = 6.72, –PAST EXPERIENCEINFLUENCESTHESOCIALBEHAVIOR – Z = -2.58, df = 0, p 2 p < 0.01),andasimilartrend incows( = 4.13, < 0.03)andaffiliation (AIC=-255.06, df = 0, p = 0.127)andaffiliation wasbestexplainedbytheamount Z = -1.82, 2 = 4.68, p 2 = 0.07);animalswith df = 3.15, = 2, p df = 0.09). = 0, p < 0.001). Weese, S.(2009). References persons withdisabilitieswhochoosetorely on aservicedog. it willbeeasierforthepublictoidentifylegitimateteamsandtherefore lessstressful for organizations andhealthcare professionals. dog isclassifiedandtheconsequencesorimplicationsofthisdefinitionforindividuals, author feelsshewillgainadeeperunderstandingofthedebatessurrounding howaservice with trainersandservicedoghandlers,particularlythosewhotraintheirowndogs,the perspectives regarding servicedogs.Through anexaminationoftheliterature andinterviews and workingwithservicedogs;whileexploringthecultural,politicalsocietal the authorlookstodevelopaclearandpracticaldefinitionofwhatconstitutesservicedog. have theabilitytoproperly handleandmanage servicedogs?Byansweringthesequestions all companiondogsare basicallyalsoservicedogs?DoesCanada’s healthcare system for peoplewithdisabilitiestouseaservicedog?Willmore expansivedefinitionmeanthat implications of:infectioncontrol, ethicsandpublicsafety(Weese, 2009). area hasfocusedontheiruseandbenefits,ignoringthemore pressing publicpolicy 10 to30thousandassistancedogsworkinginjusttheUnitedStatesalone.Research inthe service issteadilygrowing (Huss,2009).According toHuss(2009),there are anestimated The numberofdogsbeingusedtoassistindividualsbyproviding therapy, supportand [email protected] Department ofHealth,AgingandSociety, McMasterUniversity, Hamilton,ON,Canada. Brooke Sillaby OF GOVERNING DOGS:ANAUTO-ETHNOGRAPHICTALE P43 – Huss, R.J.(2009).Whycontextmatters:DefiningserviceanimalsunderFederalLaw. /2009/06/articles/animals/dogs/a-need-for-a-better definition With amore transparent definitionofwhatconstitutesaservicedog,theauthorbelieves Using auto-ethnographytheauthorwillreflect onherexperienceswithraising,training How shouldservicedogsbeclassified?Willonedefinitionmakeitmore orlessdifficult REDEFINING SERVICE DOGINCANADA REDEFINING SERVICE A Need for a Better Definition of Service Animals. A NeedforaBetterDefinitionofService From http://www.wormsandgermsblog.com Pepp. L.Rev. Poster Presentations , 37,1163.

121 ISAZ2015 122 ISAZ2015 cognitive impairment. interventions withdogsfornursinghomeresidents withdifferent abilitiesandlevelsof disabilities suchasdementiaandrelated problems. and relevant activitiesfortheincreasing populationofnursinghomeresidents with measured byascaledevelopedtheproject. and finallythechangesinbehaviorscored bythenursinghomestaff. Thelatterwillbe development intheprevalence ofdepression symptoms;progress incognitiveimpairment; leading to6treatment groups. participants are dividedintotwocategories dependingontheircognitivefunctionallevel, Activity and(C)NoDogHighActivity. Before therandomallocationtovisittypes, allocated toreceive oneofthree different visittypes; (A),Dog–LowActivity, (B)Dog–High stronger effect, bothimmediatelyandinthelonger term. visit, thereby providing thepossibilityforamore intensecontactcaninduceaneven animal dyad. response, andthatthedegree ofcognitiveimpairmentaffects theresponse tothehuman– intervention. Previously wefoundthatinteractionwithvisitinganimalsisimportantfor the Visitor dogsinnursinghomesare becomingwidespread andacceptedasavaluable 3 2 [email protected] 1 Karen Thodberg (2015–2018) DOGVISITS–ARANDOMIZEDCONTROLLEDSTUDY OPTIMAL P44 – Poster Presentations Pia H.Poulsen Aalborg University, DepartmentofCommunicationandPsychology Aarhus University, DepartmentofClinicalMedicine Aarhus University, DepartmentofAnimalScience,BlichersAlle20,Dk-8830Tjele,Denmark. The knowledgefrom thisnewproject willenableustoprovide guidelinesforoptimal It ishighlyrelevant andneededtofind optimize non-pharmacologicaltreatments Our effect measures are thebehaviordisplayedbyresidents duringthe12visits; The studyisastratifiedrandomizedcontrolled study, where theparticipantsare The aimofournextstudyistoinvestigatewhetherenhancingtheactivityduringadog 1 and JanneW. Christensen 1 , PoulVidebech 2 , TiaHansen 1 3 , BirtheHoubak 1 , will bediscussed. for future modelsofdeliveringAAIaspartintensivein-homefamilypreservation services and training,selectionoftheenvironment where theinterventionwilloccur. Implications as animalselection,trainingandsocialization,welfare, handlerpreparation previously identifiedascriticaltotheimplementation ofAAIinprofessional socialworksuch abuse, interpersonalviolence,andpoverty. these servicesare strugglingwithsevere issuessuchasmental healthissues,substance services thathavebeenproviding theseservices overthepasttwoyears.Familiesreceiving the SavioStudy, arandomizedclinicalstudyofanAAIprotocol infamilypreservation AAI aspartoftheirservicesaimtounderstandthesequestions.Theparticipantsare partof teams andstaff whoare currently workingtoexpandin-homefamilypreservation toinclude social workpractice?Whatare thebarriers?Whatare thebenefits? Indepthinterviewswith study address questionssuchas:Whatare theexperiencesofintegratingAAItothisarea of Animal AssistedIntervention(AAI)tointensivein-homefamilypreservation services.The experiences ofvolunteeranimalhandlersandchildwelfare professionals ofintegrating This qualitativestudyusesbothindividualinterviewsandfocusgroups toexaminethe 3 2 1 Kate Trujillo PRESERVATION SERVICES OF VOLUNTEERANIMALTEAMSTOIN-HOMEFAMILY UNDERSTANDING THEEXPERIENCEOFINTEGRATION P45 – Savio, USA University ofDenver, USA Metropolitan StateUniversityofDenver, Denver, CO,[email protected] Findings from thisstudywillbediscussedand analyzedinrelation tothethemes 1 , Tanya Greathouse 1 , KevinMorris 2 and JuliaRoguski Poster Presentations 3

123 ISAZ2015 124 ISAZ2015 analyse riskfactors,andenablecreation of consistent preventative guidelines. under-reported issue.Furtherworkisrequired toassesstheirfullpublichealthimpact, document attacks.Cattleattacksonwalkersare anunder-investigated andpotentially attacks onmembersofthepublic,andnosysteminplacetospecificallyrecord and no definitiveapproved guidelines,nopublished studiesdescribingtheprevalence ofcattle guidelines, withsomecontradictionsespeciallyregarding managementofthedog.There are problematic. Twenty piecesofcommonlyoccurringadvicewere foundwithinvarious least two-thirds involveddogs.Dogwalkers andcowswithcalveswere particularly January 1st1993toMay31st2013:approximately onequarterresulted infatalityandat cattle attacksonmembersofthepublicoutwalkingwere reported inthemediafrom examined usingkeysearch terms.Eightkeypublishedstudieswere identified.Fifty-four research, mediareports withinLexis Library, searching andInternet forguidelineswere available totheUKpublicforwalkingnearcattle.Bibliometricdatabasesofpublished findings ofaliterature review; areview ofUKmediareports; andguidelinescurrently perform ascopingreview ontheproblem ofcowinjuriestowalkersandhere weoutlinethe implications forfarmers,cattlewelfare andpublichealth.Theobjectiveofthisstudywasto in outdoorpursuitssuchaswalkingcansustainsevere, evenfatalinjuries.Thishasnegative Anecdotal evidencesuggeststhatpeoplecomingintocontactwithcattlewhilstparticipating 2 [email protected] 1 A. P. Fraser-Williams COWSDANGEROUSTOWALKERS? ARE ASCOPINGREVIEW P46 – Poster Presentations Institute ofInfectionandGlobalHealth,UniversityLiverpool,UK. School ofVeterinary Science,FacultyUniversityofLiverpool,UK. 1 , C.Westgarth 1,2 and K.M.McIntyre 1,2 lives inouranimalshelters. improve datacollectiontoolsandbuilding bridges withotherorganizations willhelp save behavior professionals toparticipateinthe decisions,collaboratingwithresearchers to (Utilitarianism/Deontology). Havingawritteneuthanasiapolicy, requiring medicaland based euthanasias(EthicofCare) andbehavior-based euthanasias this workaddresses thevaryingethicalperspectives required tocontemplatemedically reliably predictive asdemonstratedbyareview ofcurrent scientific literature. Additionally, behavior (canineandfelineassessments)are neitherscientificallyvalidatednor predictability offuture behavior. Tools usedtogatherinformationaboutanindividualanimal’s Behavior-based euthanasiadecisionsare basedprimarilyonriskassessmentsand that behaviorbasedeuthanasiadecisionsare notmadebyanimalbehaviorprofessionals. medical conditions,nottreatable ones.Eighty-three percent (83%)ofrespondents indicate professionals. Medically-basedeuthanasiadecisionsare mostlikelytobedueterminal indicate thatmedicallybasedeuthanasiadecisionsare notmadebyveterinary respondents ashavingawritteneuthanasia policy. Fiftypercent (50%)ofrespondents analyzed usingdescriptivestatistics.Onlytwo-thirds (66%)ofshelterswere identifiedby euthanasia policies,variablesforcandidacy, andspecificcasestudies.Datawas Respondents ( investigated euthanasiadecision-makingprocesses insheltersacross theUnitedStates. In order tounderstandhoweuthanasiadecisionsare madeinanimalshelters,thisstudy Canisius College,Buffalo,NY, [email protected] M. K.Workman A CRITICALINQUIRY EUTHANASIA DECISIONSINTHESHELTERING INDUSTRY: P47 – n = 62)toanonlinesurveyanswered questionsaboutshelterdemographics, Poster Presentations

125 ISAZ2015 126 ISAZ2015 photographs maypromote adoptionsofcatstypicallyoverlooked. physical characteristicsare strong predictors oftheirpopularity, strategicuseoftoysincats’ surveyed ( adopters whovisitedPetfinderpriortomakingadoptiondecisions.One-third ofadopters examined factorscontributingtoacat’s popularityonPetfinderandthepercentage of availability ontheadoptionfloorofamanagedintakeanimalshelter. Thisstudyalso the associationbetweenanadoptablecat’s popularityonPetfinder.com andlengthof To betterunderstandfactorscontributingtoacat’s adoptionsuccess,thisstudyexplored Canisius College,Buffalo,NY, USA.([email protected]) M. K.Workman andC.L.Hoffman PLAYS INCAT ADOPTION ANEVALUATION OFTHEROLEINTERNETSITEPETFINDER P48 – Poster Presentations per day( ( ( n cats received onthesitewasnegativelycorrelated withlengthofavailability( ( per daywaswhetherthere wasatoyinthephoto( only variablewithinthephotographer’s control significantlyassociatedwithnumberofclicks r r n = 892, = -0.29, = 0.50, = 892)from twomonthstosixteenyearsofagewere reviewed. Numberofclicksperday F p n (6, 885) n n < 0.001).Ageatadoptionwaspositivelycorrelated withlengthofavailability = 892, = 248)reported visitingPetfinderbefore adopting.Photographsofavailablecats = 892, = 7.60, p p < 0.001)andnegativelycorrelated withnumberofclicksperday < 0.001).Primarycoatcolorwasastrong predictor ofnumber of clicks p < 0.001)andlengthofavailability( F (1,844) = 3.95, F (6, 885) p = 2.93, = 0.047).Althoughcats’ p = 0.008).The r = -0.49, Mitsuaki Ohta support from Pfizer/Zoetis. their dogsrun;thehadfewerinteractionswithotherdogs.We appreciate partial populated country, itmaybechallengingfortheguidedogpartnerstofindsafeareas tolet dogs participatedsimilarlytotheU.S.inphysicalactivities.ButJapan,ahighly 5.6; SD:5.0,GD/LD: both ( parks ( durations ofphysicalactivities,butGDhadlessaccessthanLDtoopenareas, suchas dog correction—GD/SD: (mean min/day—GD:73.8;LD:70.1;SD:53.3,Mann-Whitney dogs (LD),and196small/medium(SD).GDhadlongerdailywalkingdurationsthanSD pet dogowners. dog partnersandpetowners,through guidedogtrainingorganizations, and groups for similar inJapanwhere environmental aspectsdiffer. Theweb-surveywasprovided toguide interactions atsimilarlevelsorgreater thanpetdogs.We investigatedwhetherresults are understood. OurU.S.studyhasindicatedthatguidedogshadphysicalactivitiesandsocial Daily activitiesofguidedogsduringtheirworkingandrelaxing periodsare notfully 2 1 Mariko Yamamoto DOGS ANDPET PHYSICAL ACTIVITIESANDSOCIALINTERACTIONS OFGUIDE P49 – p Azabu University. University ofCalifornia,Davis,CA,[email protected] < 0.001, We collectedanswersfrom 169guidedog(GD)partners,239petowners(43large p p < 0.001).GDspenttimealonelessthanLDandSD(meanhours/day—GD:2.3;LD: < 0.001, r = 0.21),andgreeted fewerdogsthanLDandSD( r 2 = 0.28).Inanaverageday, GDinteractedwithmore peoplethanSD and Lynette Hart p r = 0.24;GD/SD: < 0.001, 1 , SayakaSeto r = 0.25).Otherthanwalking,alldogsreceived similar r = 0.38,both 1 2 , MiraiFujita p < 0.001).Japaneseguideandpet 2 , NobuyoOhtani U r = 0.37,0.29,respectively, test withBonferroni Poster Presentations 2 ,

127 ISAZ2015 128 ISAZ2015 Author Index nesn80,94 71 45,81,91 48 48 79 PAGE(S) Anderson Amiot Alden Albone Aklilu Abney SURNAME lre33 5 122 87 86 36 87,97,98,114 97,98 60,63,85 115 Clarke 83 Christian 85 Christensen 84 Chandler 58 Casey 44 Case 84 Carlisle 60,63,85 Cano 94 Calvo 36,72 Buttner Burrows 41,63 Bulbena 37,39,83 82 Branson 45,81,91 Brajon Bracco 87 35,50 Bowen Boss 54 60,66 Boggild 81 Bibbo 46 Bennett Becker 27 Bastian Basin Barrio-Minton Barker Baldwin Bailey Auger Apostol Andersson eilr 58 62 90 74 70,102 90 84 55 89 Devillers 61 Delgado Darwish PAGE(S) Dalke Dakin Cunningham Crossman Cron Cowling Coachman SURNAME at 42 34,42,53,127 39 32 82,94,122 110 40 83 123 Hart, L 93 65 Hart, B Hansen 24,61,114 69 Handlos 68 92 Gupta Guérin Gross 34,57,127 Green 105 24 Greathouse 124 Ghiringhelli 91 Germone 64,68 Gee 87 Gadomski 35 Gabriels Furst 96 60,63,85 Fujita Fraser-Williams 64,68 Frank Fox Fournier Fine Fernando Feinstein Fatjó Farrell Emmerson Index

SURNAME PAGE(S) SURNAME PAGE(S) Haston 47 Luna 26 Hediger 52 Mackintosh 68 Herzog 49 Martinez 97, 103 Hoddinott 100 Masamoto 109 Hoffman 86, 95, 101, 126 Matoba 57 Hogue 40 Matsumoto 107 Hopkins 75 May 97, 98, 124 Houbak 122 McCain 50 Howell 41 McCormick 112 Hulme 48 McIntyre 124 Hulstein 96 McKinney 105 Hund-Georgiadis 52 McLure 102 Jacobson 66 McQuarrie 38 Jenkins 59, 69 Meiers 21 Jervis 67 Miclea 46 Johnson 72, 97, 98 Mideksa 48 Kakinuma 57, 109 Morris 38, 123 Kang 84 Mueller 105, 106 Kartal 99 Murray 114 Kavatal 25 Nagykaldi 69 Kazdin 55 Nakazawa 57 Knuiman 56 Netousek 39 Koncel 73, 99 Niijima 107 Krachun 100 Nivelet 108 Krause-Parello 31 Nose 57, 109 Krob 30 O’Haire 49, 65, 68, 110 Krog 91 Ohta 34, 127 Krupa 69 Ohtani 34, 127 Laforest 58 Olson 69 Laitalia 91 Oriol-Morway 117 Lakes 64, 68 Orritt 40, 111 Lanas 26 Osterlind 72 Lane 35 Oxley 111 Lanning 29 Ozgunay 114

Lecker 101 Page 94 2015

Lee 100 Papuc 46 ISAZ Lentz 108 Pederson 94

Letson 91 Piombino 44 129 Index

SURNAME PAGE(S) SURNAME PAGE(S) Portrie-Bethke 87 Vickery 33 Poulsen 94, 122 Videbech 122 Power 100 Walsh 53 Pregowski 116 Warren 23 Pycior 22 Watton 100 Randell 100 Weidman 61 Rector 71 Westgarth 56, 124 Reevy 62 Williams 72, 87 Roberts 119 Wischall-Wagner 39 Roguski 38, 123 Workman 125, 126 Rowe 114 Yamamoto 34, 42, 53, 127 Rutberg 75, 99, 117 Sarni 31 Sax 118 Schmitt 58 Schneider 89, 119 Schubert-Kabban 50 Schuck 64, 68 Schuckle 120 Scribani 69 Seivert 98 Seto 34, 127 Sillaby 121 Sissler-Bienvenu 108 Smith 43 Spicer 67 Strasser 90, 115 Suchak 44, 95, 120 Tadich 26 Tedeschi 38 Thigpen 42 Thodberg 122 Thompson 43 Tocco 36

2015 Trigg 43

ISAZ Trujillo 38, 123 Tuchida 109

130 Turner 45, 52 Notes: www.isaz.net