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FULL REPORT Data Collected in August/September 2010 Comprehensive Food and Nutrition Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA+N) RURAL MADAGASCAR FULL REPORT Data collected in August/September 2010 In partnership with: Office National de Nutrition VPM/Santé Publique The Gates Foundation IFAD UNDP Institut National de la Statistique Direction Générale de la Météorologie DSEC/Statistique Agricole Rural Madagascar Comprehensive Food and Nutrition Security and Vulnerability Analysis November 2011 Experts from different organizations have contributed to the drafting of this report; Maherisoa Rakotonirainy (VAM Officer, WFP), Isabelle Nirina (Data Analyst, WFP), Chiara Brunelli (Food Security Analyst, WFP), Rijasoa Rakotoarinoro (M&E/GIS, WFP), Amal Tucker Brown (Nutrition Specialist, UNICEF ), Paola Valenti (Nutrition Manager UNICEF) The report has been reviewed and cleared by the nutrition cluster and the food security and livelihood cluster. The study was funded by UNICEF and WFP with financial support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, IFAD and UNDP. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the donor. For information about Food Security Analysis, visit www.wfp.org/food‐security For information about nutrition security, visit http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_4050.html For questions or comments concerning any aspect of the survey and this report, please contact: WFP Madagascar Mr Maherisoa Rakotonirainy [email protected] Ms Isabelle Nirina [email protected] Ms Katy Elliott [email protected] UNICEF Madagascar Ms Amal Tucker Brown [email protected] Ms Karine Coudert [email protected] WFP Regional Bureau (OMJ – Johannesburg) Mr Eric Kenefick [email protected] WFP Headquarters (OMXF – Rome) Mr Siemon Hollema [email protected] Ms Chiara Brunelli [email protected] UNICEF Region Bureau (ESARO) Saba Mebrahtu [email protected] ONN Mr Jean‐ François ( Coordonnateur National ONN) [email protected] Lalaharizaka Andriantsarafara [email protected] Ministère de la Santé Dr Simon Rakotonirina (Directeur de la santé de la mère et de l’enfant) [email protected] Dr Olivier Razafinimananana [email protected] 2 | Page Foreword Madagascar remains a low-income, food deficit country with a high level of undernutrition. UNICEF and WFP country offices continue to support Madagascar in efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger in the country by 2015. Since the beginning of 2009, major political and economical changes have occurred in Madagascar resulting in the country suffering from a diminished capacity to monitor and plan for food and nutritional insecurity and establish a solid and comprehensive baseline data to take into consideration the impact of the deep changes that the Country has experienced. Furthermore, as clearly evident in several food security- and nutrition- focused surveys, the relationship between food security and nutrition in Madagascar is quite complex. In response to the situation, in 2010 , UNICEF and WFP carried out a joint Comprehensive Food and Nutrition Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA+N)., Information on household livelihoods, food and nutrition security and vulnerability was compiled and critically analysed through an innovative methodological approach. Most importantly, the study aims to identify the underlying causes of food insecurity and malnutrition, the impact of shocks and households ability to cope. With answers to these questions, policymakers can be guided in responding appropriately to reduce vulnerability. Sincere gratitude is extended to all the cluster members for their valuable input and support during this exercise, especially the Office National de Nutrition (ONN), the Ministère de la Santé Publique, the Institut National de la Statistique (INSTAT), Direction Générale de la Météorologie and the Direction du Suivi Evaluation et de la Communication/Statistique Agricole. Special thanks go to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, IFAD and UNDP for providing financial resources to implement the CFSVA+N exercise. Without these resources, the study would not have been possible. We hope that this report will shed further light on the food and nutrition security situation in Madagascar. Krystyna Bednarska Bruno Maes Country Director Country Representative WFP Madagascar UNICEF Madagascar 3 | Page Acknowledgements This report is the outcome of a collaborative process that began in January 2010 and would not have been possible without the contribution of many individuals and organizations. First and foremost, however, the World Food Programme (WFP) and the United Nations Children Emergency Funds (UNICEF) are grateful for the support of the technical departments of the Office National de Nutrition (ONN), of the Ministère de l’ Agriculture and of the Ministère de la Santé Publique, the Chefs de Région and the local authorities. Colleagues from UN system agencies and civil society organisations participating also provided insights and suggestions during the preparatory and implementation phases of the survey. In particular, thanks go to the members of the “Food Security and Livelihood” Cluster and those of the “Nutrition” Cluster in Madagascar. In turn, and in large measure, the survey could never have been implemented without the dedicated participation and professionalism of: ‐ WFP Madagascar, the VAM Officer Maherisoa Rakotonirainy and the VAM Assistants Isabelle Nirina and Rijasoa Rakotoarinoro. Special appreciation and thanks go to Olga Keita. ‐ UNICEF Madagascar, the Nutrition Specialist Amal Tucker Brown, the Nutrition Manager Paola Valenti, and Bradley (Woody) Woodruff. Special appreciation and thanks go to Valerie Taton. ‐ All the CFSVA+N Team members – especially during the data collection phase. Technical assistance during various stages of the process was provided by Eric Kenefick, Sylvie Montembault, Veronica Rammala, from the WFP Regional Bureau in Johannesburg, and from Joyce Luma, Siemon Hollema, Chiara Brunelli, Oscar Gobbato, Rogerio Bonifacio, Ceren Gurkan, Issa Sanogo from the VAM Unit in WFP Headquarters, by Saba Mebrahtu from the UNICEF Regional Bureau in Nairobi. A final token of appreciation goes to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, IFAD and UNDP who provided the additional resources necessary to carry out such an effort and for which WFP and UNICEF are grateful. Krystyna Bednarska Bruno Maes Country Director Country Representative WFP Madagascar UNICEF Madagascar 4 | Page Table of Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................... 5 List of tables ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 List of figures .................................................................................................................................................... 12 KEY FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................................... 16 Food security and vulnerability ................................................................................................................ 16 Nutrition security ..................................................................................................................................... 17 1.0 STUDY RATIONALE ........................................................................................................................... 19 1.1. Objectives and methodology ....................................................................................................... 19 2.0 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF MADAGASCAR .......................................................................................... 22 2.1. Socio political context ................................................................................................................. 22 2.2. Macro economical context .......................................................................................................... 23 2.3. Market and prices ........................................................................................................................ 25 2.4. Trends in nutrition indicators ...................................................................................................... 28 2.5. MDG tracking related to food security and nutrition ................................................................. 30 2.6. Natural disasters and climate change .......................................................................................... 32 3.0 FOOD AVAILABILITY AND MARKET INTEGRATION ........................................................................... 34 3.1. Cereals’ balance ........................................................................................................................... 34 3.2. Supply and market integration ..................................................................................................... 35 3.3. Key trends in production and imports .......................................................................................
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