Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment for Recovery and Reconstruction: Madagascar i Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment for Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction after the 2008 Cyclone Season in Madagascar Cyclone Fame, Ivan and Jokwe in Madagascar Antananarivo May 2008 A Report prepared by the Government of Madagascar with the support of the United Nations and The World Bank Foreword On February 17, 2008, the eastern coast of Madagascar was hit by cyclone Ivan, a category 4 cyclone, 1 less than a month after cyclone Fame and a few weeks before cyclone Jokwe, which affected the west coast. With winds exceeding 230 km/ h, Ivan first made landfall on the island of Sainte-Marie before reaching the coast of the Big Island in the district of Fenerive- Est, located 90 km from Tamatave 2 and home to over 200,000 people. The cyclone then moved towards the capital, Antananarivo, and conti nued southward, traver sing the towns of Tulear and Morondava before leavi ng the country behind on Wednesday, February 20. On February 22, the Government officiall y declared a disaster and issued an international appeal for help in dealin g with th e crisis, based on the National Contingenc y Plan prepar ed in October - 2007 by-the disasterpreparedness committe-e·1com1t~-oe Reflexfoh dtfflnteiveninfs - eo··cas de Catastroph es, CRIC), the local humanitaria n aid platform managed by the national risk management bureau (Bureau National de Gestion des Risques et des Catastrophes, BNGRC). In response to thi s request , the UN Resident Coordinator decided to mount a Flash Appeal to raise the requ ired amo unt of US$36,476,586 , along with an appeal to the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)to cover the emergency period and its pri ority needs. This comb ined use of the two fund mobili zation mechanisms made it possible to rapidly stabili ze the crisis and also enabled the Government, in collaborati on with the World Bank and the Unite d Nations System, to focus, beginning in March, on early recov-ery and longer-ter m reconstru ction issues. In order to avoid the funding gap that ofte n occurs between the emergency phase and the resumptio n of development activities , a decision was made to initi ate a supplemental appeal focused on Early Recovery. On March 11, 2008, the Prime Minister asked the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery {GFDRR) to expedite an appraisal process for the recovery peri od, followed by a Call for Funds for the recovery period within the framework of Track Ill. The Government decided to merge these two processes under the management of the BNGRC and the disaster preparedness unit (Cellule de Prevention et de Gestion des Urgences, CPGU}, with the participation of the World Bank, the United Nations System, the European Union, and the CRIC partners . The purp ose of this ~pprais!!L._was_tQ idfilJtik_priority _JnterventionS=.especia lly-eady - recovery effo"rts-that would assist the Government of Madagascar during this transition phase and help commu nities resume their development quickly and at the same time rebu ild with greated wisdom, and also to look at longer-term rehabilitation and reconstruction issues. The methodology used makes it possible to estimate damage caused tQ facilit ies, changes in economic flows, their impacts upon the population 's social and economi c living conditions, and the geograph ic zones affected . These estimates are therefore based on quantitative data gathered in the field by the Govern ment of Madagascar and all development partners since the most recent 2008 cyclone. This data is also supplemented by th e results of ongoing fiel d 1 On the Saffir·Simpson scale 2 Tamatave ls the country' s second largest city and main port evaluations conducted by the BNGRC, the United Nations System, and th e CRIC. These entities , in additio n to quantitativ e data, lend a more qualitat ive needs perspective that also accommodates cross-cutti ng challenges, such as governance (or, more specifically, coordination of the transition phase), the environ ment, gender and diversity, and risk management. Cyclones are seasonal and thu s have a potenti al social and/ or economi c impact on the country 's long-term development. This study shows tha t the Government 's efforts in recent years in the area of risk and disaster management still req uire the attention of t he Government, donors, t he United Nations System, and all development partners in the private humanitarian sector, in order to viably reduce the country' s vulnerability to these disasters, and at the same ti me incorpo rate issues associated with climate change. The analysis contained in thi s report identifies and quantifie s all that is needed in order to formulate strategies, action plans, and projects involving early recovery, medium -t erm rehabilitati on, and long-term reconstruction. This report was prepared j ointly by t he Government of Madagascar, through its national risk management bureau (BNGRC), th e disaster preparedness unit (CPGU), and its key ministries under the overall coordinat ion of the Prime M inister' s Office and the Minist ry of Int erior. The Government also received assistance from the World Bank, the United Nations System, and all of Madagascar's development partners . It is hoped that this report, prepared by the Government of Madagascar and its development partner s in a spirit of effective collaboration, will be used worldwide in discussions of the protocols to be developed in order to launch integrated responses to natural disasters and other crises. Finally, thi s report provides the elements needed to define the international support required by t he Government of Madagascar to ensure the success of this post-disaster transiti on t hrough socioeconomic paramete rs over the short-, medium-, and long-te rms. ~~ /a ~ ___Dr Xavier LEUS Robert BLAKE United Nations Worl d Bank Country Manager Madagascar Madagascar Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment for Recovery and Reconstruction: Madagascar iii Acknowledgements This report was prepared by a joint team comprising the Government of Madagascar and members of the International Community, including The World Bank and United Nations Agencies. In the weeks following Cyclone Fame and Ivan, initial damage assessments were conducted by the Government of Madagascar, UN agencies, and NGOs as a basis for the immediate response and short- term recovery. The authors of this Joint Damage, Losses and Needs Assessment (JDLNA) report worked closely with the involved actors. This report builds on their figures and documents of Cyclone Fame and Ivan’s impacts. The JDLNA greatly benefited from the initial evaluations and the team would like to express their thanks and appreciation. The management team composed by Government team leaders and International community team leaders coordinated the JDLNA. The team from the Government of Madagascar was led by Colonel Jean Rakotomalala (BNGRC, within the Ministry of Interior) and Lt Colonel Mamy Razakanaivo (CPGU, within the Prime Minister’s Office). The international community team for the JDLNA was led by Sofia Bettencourt (World Bank), Roberto Jovel (GFDRR) and Jean Marie Stratigos (UN/OCHA/UNDP-BCPR). The management team was supported by a Secretariat that included: Dia Styvanley Soa (BNGRC), Haja Aimé Andriamialiharison (CPGU), Hasimahery Randrianasolo (World Bank), Tiana Mahefasoa Randrianalijaona (World Bank), Andoniaina Ratsimamanga (World Bank), and Rija Rakotoson (UN/OCHA). The international community core team included: Francis Muraya (GFDRR), Doekle Wielinga (GFDRR), Christophe Legrand (UNDP/BCPR), Antonio Cruciani (ILO), Mukhul Bhola (ILO), Mito Tsukamoto (ILO), Jahal de Meritens (United Development Program-UNDP/ Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery- BCPR), Houssein Khalali (UNDP/BCPR), Georges Lamoure (World Bank), Martien Van der Wal (CPGU), and John Harding (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction-UNISDR). The team from the Government of Madagascar, fully involved in the field assessment and the report writing, included: Rakotosamimanana (Fund of Investment for Development-FID), Eloi Ramarovelo, Jean de Matha Rakotoarivo (Ministry of Transport), Andry Avotraniaina Rabearivelo, Evariste Andriamamonjy (Ministry of Transport/Madagascar Road Authority), Razafimahafaly (Ministry of Public Works and Meterology), Harisoa Rateloson (Ministry of Decentralization and Territorial Management attached to the Presidency), Rajaonirina Ranarifidy (Water and Electricity of Madagascar-JIRAMA), Dominique Randriamamory (Ministry of Energy and Mining), Hery Ramananjanahary (Ministry of Post Office, Telecommunication and Communication), François Randriamialison (Ministry of Education and Scientific Research), Honoré Razafindrakoto, Vololoniaina Manuella, Jacqueline Ravaoharisoa (Ministry of Health, Family Planning and Social Protection), Josia Rajaobelison (National Nutrition Office-ONN), Victor Randriana (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries), Alfredo Tsaramody (Ministry of Economy, Commerce and Industry), Lalanirina Ranaivoharisoa (Ministry of Environment, Water, Forestry and Tourism-Directorate General of Tourism), Herivololona Ralalarimanana (Ministry of Environment, Water, Forestry and Tourism), Régis Rakotomanana Andrianaivo, Lanto Rasoloelison, Onintsoa Raoelison, Bako Ravelonanosy (Ministry of Finance and Budget), Raymond Randriatahina, Lantosoa Rasolondrazao, Jaotiana Rasolomamonjy, Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment for Recovery and Reconstruction: Madagascar iv Avotraina, Camille Rakotondrazaka