Volume 23, Number 1, 2016 ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ، ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ١، ٢٠١٦ I, E S: F C M A R ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ: Ali Munhanif ’T T C: T R A ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻧﻘﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﻧﺠﻜﺎﺑﻮ U ﺍﻳﻜﺎ ﻓﻮﺗﺮﺍ ﻭﻳﺮﻣﺎﻥ A C R V ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ: Saifuddin Dhuhri :L I B ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺳﻮﻫﺎﺭﺗﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ PPP I F I ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺪﻭﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ Firman Noor ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ E-ISSN: 2355-6145 STUDIA ISLAMIKA STUDIA ISLAMIKA Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies Vol. 23, no. 1, 2016 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Azyumardi Azra MANAGING EDITOR Oman Fathurahman EDITORS Saiful Mujani Jamhari Didin Syafruddin Jajat Burhanudin Fuad Jabali Ali Munhanif Saiful Umam Ismatu Ropi Dadi Darmadi Jajang Jahroni Din Wahid Ayang Utriza Yakin INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD M. Quraish Shihab (Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA) Tauk Abdullah (Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), INDONESIA) M.C. Ricklefs (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Martin van Bruinessen (Utrecht University, NETHERLANDS) John R. Bowen (Washington University, USA) M. Kamal Hasan (International Islamic University, MALAYSIA) Virginia M. Hooker (Australian National University, AUSTRALIA) Edwin P. Wieringa (Universität zu Köln, GERMANY) Robert W. Hefner (Boston University, USA) Rémy Madinier (Centre national de la recherche scientique (CNRS), FRANCE) R. Michael Feener (National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE) Michael F. Laffan (Princeton University, USA) ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Testriono Muhammad Nida' Fadlan ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Shirley Baker Kevin W. Fogg ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR Nursamad Tb. Ade Asnawi COVER DESIGNER S. Prinka STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492; E-ISSN: 2355-6145) is an international journal published by the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta, INDONESIA. It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies in particular, and Southeast Asian Islamic studies in general, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. is journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. All submitted papers are subject to double-blind review process. STUDIA ISLAMIKA has been accredited by e Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia as an academic journal (SK Dirjen Dikti No. 56/DIKTI/Kep/2012). STUDIA ISLAMIKA has become a CrossRef Member since year 2014. erefore, all articles published by STUDIA ISLAMIKA will have unique Digital Object Identier (DOI) number. STUDIA ISLAMIKA is indexed in Scopus since 30 May 2015. © Copyright Reserved Editorial Office: STUDIA ISLAMIKA, Gedung Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat (PPIM) UIN Jakarta, Jl. Kertamukti No. 5, Pisangan Barat, Cirendeu, Ciputat 15419, Jakarta, Indonesia. 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Pembayaran melalui PPIM, Bank Mandiri KCP Tangerang Graha Karnos, No. Rek: 128-00-0105080-3 Table of Contents Articles 1 Ali Munhanif Islam, Ethnicity and Secession: Forms of Cultural Mobilization in Aceh Rebellions 29 Saifuddin Dhuhri e Text of Conservatism: e Role of Abbas’ Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah in Underpinning Acehnese Current Religious Violence 61 Firman Noor Leadership and Ideological Bond: PPP and Internal Fragmentation in Indonesia 105 Eka Putra Wirman Naẓariyāt fī Takāmul al-‘Ulūm: Dirāsah Naqdīyah wa Ta’sīsīyah fī aqāfat al-Minangkabau 143 M. Isa H.A. Salam Al-Dawlah wa al-Da‘wah al-Islāmīyah fī ‘Ahd al-Niẓām al-Jadīd: Dirāsah fī Fikr Soeharto min Khilāl al-Khiṭābāt al-Ri’āsīyah fī al-Munāsabāt al-Islāmīyah bi Indonesia Book Review 175 Azyumardi Azra Kontestasi Pemikiran Islam Indonesia Kontemporer Document 185 Dadi Darmadi Tears and Cheers in Jombang: Some Notes on the 33rd Nahdlatul Ulama Congress Firman Noor Leadership and Ideological Bond: PPP and Internal Fragmentation in Indonesia Abstract: During 2014-2016, the United Development Party (PPP) experienced the most severe and prolonged internal fragmentation in its history. Since the beginning of 2014, the emergence of the twin Board of the Central Committee cemented the fragmentation that had occurred. Some people relate this phenomenon to the interests of the elites. However, the interest of the elites itself is something inevitable and in many cases is not necessarily the cause for prolonged fragmentation. e aim of this article, therefore, is to explain the factors that lead to the internal fragmentation. is article regards three main root-causes of the problem, namely (1) weak leadership, in particular the absence of a strong patron, which facilitates cadres’ unrestricted freedom of action and makes them unable to maintain the Party unity, (2) the lack of an ideological bond that leads to the growth of exclusive-pragmatism, and (3) external factors, namely the government and coalition partners that are eager to preserve each conicting group’s position. Keywords: Islamic Party, Fragmentation, Leadership, Ideology, PPP. 61 Studia Islamika, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2016 DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v23i1.2808 62 Firman Noor Abstrak: Sepanjang tahun 2014-2016, Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) mengalami perpecahan internal yang terparah dan berkepanjangan dalam sejarah mereka. Munculnya dua kepemimpinan sejak awal 2014 turut memperkuat perpecahan yang telah terjadi. Beberapa kalangan berpendapat bahwa masalah ini terjadi karena berkaitan dengan kepentingan para elitnya. Walaupun kepentingan-kepentingan elit merupakan sesuatu yang tidak dapat dihindari dari sebuah perpecahan internal, namun dalam banyak kasus belum tentu hal tersebut menyebabkan perpecahan yang berkepanjangan. Artikel ini berusaha menjelaskan faktor-faktor penyebab perpecahan yang berkepanjangan di internal PPP. Artikel ini mengemukakan tiga faktor utama yang dapat menjelaskan fenomena itu, yaitu (1) kepemimpinan yang lemah, terutama tidak adanya patron yang kuat menyebabkan para kader dapat bertindak bebas, dan tidak mampu menjaga persatuan partai, (2) melemahnya ikatan ideologi partai, yang membawa kepada menguatnya sikap yang eksklusif-pragmatis pada sebagian kader mereka, dan (3) faktor eksternal, yaitu pemerintah dan mitra koalisi yang berhasrat dan berkepentingan memelihara posisi masing-masing pihak yang berkonik. Kata kunci: Partai Islam, Fragmentasi, Kepemimpinan, Ideologi, PPP. ﻣﻠﺨﺺ: ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠١٤ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠١٦ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗُﻌّﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺃ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ. ﻭﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠١٤. ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﲟﺼﺎﱀ ﳔﺒﺔ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ. ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺪ ﺫﺍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ، ﺇﻻ ﺃﺎ، ﻭﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ، ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﻟﻔﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ. ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﺎﺕ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ، ﻭﻫﻲ (١) ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ، ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻉ ﻗﻮﻱ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﳝﺎﺭﺳﻬﺎ ﻛﻮﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ، ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺪﺭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ؛ (٢) ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺰﺏ، ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﺜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻏﻤﺎﰐ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻛﻮﺍﺩﺭ ﺍﳊﺰﺏ؛ (٣) ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻼﻑ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻉ. ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ: ﺍﳊﺰﺏ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ، ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ، ﺍﻹﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ، ﺣﺰﺏ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻱ . DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v23i1.2808 Studia Islamika, Vol. 23, No. 1, 2016 Leadership and Ideological Bond 63 n the post 2014 Election, the PPP, one of the Indonesian oldest Islamic parties established in 1973, once again experienced fragmentation. ISince the rst quarter of 2014 up to the beginning of 2016 there have been two camps: 1) a camp led by the General Chairperson of PPP Suryadharma Ali (2007-2014) and replaced by Djan Faridz and 2) a group led by Muhammad Romahurmuziy the former General Secretary of PPP (2011-2014) claiming themselves as the legitimate leadership of the Party. In the history of PPP this situation appeared to be the longest internal conict, which was marked by the continuation of double leadership for over two years. Such prolonged turmoil was indeed detrimental to the future of the Party and this study aims at explaining some factors that lead to the internal political turmoil within the PPP. On April 9th 2016 all participants attending the 8th PPP’s Congress (Muktamar) approved Muhammad Romahurmuziy to be the next leader of the PPP. e accomplishment of this Congress, popularly called the “Muktamar Islah” (Reconciliation Congress), indicated the eagerness among factions inside the Party, which had been involved in prolonged conict, to restore their relationship. e conicting groups seemed to realize that the continuation of Party fragmentation would only endanger their political prospect; hence the only choice they had was to establish reconciliation. Many prominent ‘ulamā’s and senior members supported this action. However, not all factions were eager to comply. Up until today, one of the important