3. Shibatani 2018 Nominalization in Crosslinguistic Perspective Mouton
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Cover Page the Handle Holds Various Files of This Leiden University Dissertation. Author: Lima
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/85723 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Lima Santiago J. de Title: Zoonímia Histórico-comparativa: Denominações dos antílopes em bantu Issue Date: 2020-02-26 729 ANEXO 1: TABELA RECAPITULATIVA DAS PROTOFORMAS Nas protoformas provenientes do BLR (2003) e nas reconstruções de outros autores (majoritariamente, Mouguiama & Hombert, 2006), as classes nominais em negrito e sublinhadas, são sugestões da autora da tese. Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-bʊ́dʊ́kʊ́ °-bʊ́dʊ́gʊ́ (cl. 9/10, 12/13) °-cénda (cl. 12/13) Philantomba °-cótɩ́ monticola (cl. 12/13) *-kùengà > °-kùèngà (cl. 11/5, 7/8) °°-cécɩ/ °°-cétɩ (cl. 9/10, 12/13) *-pàmbı ́ °-pàmbɩ́ (cl. 9/10) °-dòbò Cephalophus (cl. 3+9/4, nigrifrons 5/6) *-pùmbɩ̀dɩ̀ °-pùmbèèdɩ̀ (cl. 9/10, 9/6) 730 Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-jʊ́mbɩ̀ (cl. 9/10, 3/4) °°-cʊ́mbɩ (cl. 9/10, 5/6, 7/8, 11/10) *-jìbʊ̀ °-tʊ́ndʊ́ Cephalophus (cl. 9/10) (cl. 9/10) silvicultor °°-bɩ́mbà °-bɩ̀mbà (cl. 9/10) °-kʊtɩ (cl. 9, 3) *-kʊ́dʊ̀pà/ °-bɩ́ndɩ́ *-kúdùpà (cl. 9/10, 7/8, (cl. 9/10) 3, 12/13) Cephalophus dorsalis °°-cíbʊ̀ °-pòmbɩ̀ (cl. 7/8) (cl. 9/10) °°-cʊmɩ >°-cʊmɩ́ °-gindà (cl. 9) Cephalophus (cl. 3/4) callipygus °°-cábè >°-cábà (cl. 9/10, 7/8) °°-bɩ̀jɩ̀ (cl. 9) 731 Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-bengeda >°-bèngédè °-cégé (cl.9/10) (cl. 9/10) °°-àngàdà >°-jàngàdà Cephalophus (cl. -
Spaces of Insecurity : Human Agency in Violent Conflicts in Kenya Witsenburg, K.; Zaal, A.F.M
Spaces of insecurity : human agency in violent conflicts in Kenya Witsenburg, K.; Zaal, A.F.M. Citation Witsenburg, K., & Zaal, A. F. M. (2012). Spaces of insecurity : human agency in violent conflicts in Kenya. African Studies Centre, Leiden. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/20295 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/20295 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Spaces of insecurity African Studies Centre African Studies Collection, vol. 45 Spaces of insecurity Human agency in violent conflicts in Kenya Karen Witsenburg & Fred Zaal (editors) Published by: African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] www.ascleiden.nl Cover design: Heike Slingerland Cover photo: Marsabit, Ola Daba. Refugees in 2007, from the ethnic clashes between Gabra and Borana after the Turbi Massacre, 2005 (Photo: Karen Witsenburg) Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede ISSN: 1876-018X ISBN: 978-90-5448-120-1 © Karen Witsenburg & Fred Zaal, 2012 Prologue As I was not involved in the production of this book, I felt honoured when Karen Witsenburg asked me to write a prologue for it. She said she would like me to write one, even if I were too busy to read all of it beforehand. But I felt uncom- fortable with the idea of writing some ritual laudatory remarks about something I had not really read, and so I asked her to send me the whole manuscript. I was immediately captured and read all of it. Often, collected volumes are criticised as being weakly integrated ‘bookbinders’ syntheses’, but this one is a very good book. -
Black Box Approaches to Genealogical Classification and Their Shortcomings Jelena Prokić and Steven Moran
Black box approaches to genealogical classification and their shortcomings Jelena Prokić and Steven Moran 1. Introduction In the past 20 years, the application of quantitative methods in historical lin- guistics has received a lot of attention. Traditional historical linguistics relies on the comparative method in order to determine the genealogical related- ness of languages. More recent quantitative approaches attempt to automate this process, either by developing computational tools that complement the comparative method (Steiner et al. 2010) or by applying fully automatized methods that take into account very limited or no linguistic knowledge, e.g. the Levenshtein approach. The Levenshtein method has been extensively used in dialectometry to measure the distances between various dialects (Kessler 1995; Heeringa 2004; Nerbonne 1996). It has also been frequently used to analyze the relatedness between languages, such as Indo-European (Serva and Petroni 2008; Blanchard et al. 2010), Austronesian (Petroni and Serva 2008), and a very large sample of 3002 languages (Holman 2010). In this paper we will examine the performance of the Levenshtein distance against n-gram models and a zipping approach by applying these methods to the same set of language data. The success of the Levenshtein method is typically evaluated by visu- ally inspecting and comparing the obtained genealogical divisions against already well-established groupings found in the linguistics literature. It has been shown that the Levenshtein method is successful in recovering main languages groups, which for example in the case of Indo-European language family, means that it is able to correctly classify languages into Germanic, Slavic or Romance groups. -
The Amazonian Languages
THE AMAZONIAN LANGUAGES edited by R. M. W. DIXON and ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD Research Centre for Linguistic Typology La Trobe University, Melbourne The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 2RU, United Kingdom http://www.cup.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA http://www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Cambridge University Press 1999 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1999 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in MT Times NR 9/13pt in QuarkXPress® [] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Amazonian languages / edited by R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald. p. cm. – (Cambridge language surveys) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0 521 57021 2 (hardback) 1. Indians of South America – Amazon River Region – Languages. I. Dixon, Robert M. W. II. Aıˇkhenvald, A. Y. (Aleksandra IUþ revna) III. Series. PM5099.8.A48 1999 498 – dc21 98-46270 CIP ISBN 0 521 57021 2 hardback CONTENTS List of maps page xvii List of contributors xviii Acknowledgements xx List of abbreviations xxi Conventions followed xxiv 1 Introduction by R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald 1 1 Cultural background 3 2 Linguistic diffusion 7 3 Genetic relationship 11 4 The punctuated equilibrium model 16 5 Organization of this book 19 Bibliography 20 2 Carib by Desmond C. -
Colobus Angolensis Palliatus Red List Assessment
RED LIST ASSESSMENT Questionnaire (please complete one questionnaire per taxon, extra sheets may be used) 1. SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES. The IUCN Red List generally focuses at the species level. Subspecies, plant varieties, and subpopulations (as defined in the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1) may also be assessed and will be considered for inclusion in the IUCN Red List only if the species-level assessment is also available. Hybrids will not be considered for inclusion in the IUCN Red List. For currently undescribed species, please refer to the rules outlined in section 2.1 of current version of the Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. 1a. Scientific name (including authority details): Colobus angolensis ssp. palliatus (Peters, 1868) 1b. Synonym/s (if there has been a taxonomic change in the last 5 years or if widely used): 1c. English Common Name (if known): English – Peters' Angola Colobus, Peters's Angola Colobus, Tanzanian black-and-white Colobus 1d. Other Common Names (if known and state language): Mbega-Sambaa (West Usambara Moutnains), Mkuluzu (sing.); Wakuluzu (pl.), Digo language, Kenya 2. HIGHER TAXONOMY Note that the IUCN Red List does not record sub-families, sub-orders, etc. Only the taxonomic levels requested below should be provided. A taxonomic notes field is also provided to allow further details about taxonomy to be recorded – see section 4a. 2a. Kingdom 2b. Phylum 2c. Class Animalia Chordata Mammalia 2c. Order 2b. Family Primates Cercopithecidae 3. COUNTRY, SUBCOUNTRY AND MARINE AREA OCCURRENCES Provide a list of the countries and subcountry units (e.g., states, provinces, etc.) in which this taxon occurs. -
Multilingualism and Ethnic Stereotypes: the Tariana of Northwest Amazonia ALEXANDRA Y
Language in Society 32, 1–21. Printed in the United States of America DOI: 10.10170S0047404503321013 Multilingualism and ethnic stereotypes: The Tariana of northwest Amazonia ALEXANDRA Y. AIKHENVALD Research Centre for Linguistic Typology La Trobe University Melbourne, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT Tariana is spoken by about 100 people in the multilingual area of the Vaupés basin in northwest Amazonia (Brazil). Other languages spoken in the area are members of the East Tucanoan subgroup, with its most numerous representative, the Tucano language, rapidly gaining ground as a lingua franca. Also spoken are Makú languages; Baniwa, an Arawak language spoken on the fringes of the area and closely related to Tariana; and Por- tuguese, the national language. The area is known for its language group exogamy and institutionalized multilingualism, with its language being the badge of identity for each group. Language choice is motivated by power relationship and by status, and there are strict rules for code-switching. Inserting bits of other languages while speaking Tariana (“code-mixing”) has different consequences that mirror existing ethnic stereotypes. Code- mixing with Tucano is considered a “language violation”; using elements of Baniwa is considered funny, while mixing different Tariana dialects implies that one “cannot speak Tariana properly.” Overusing Portuguese is associated with the negative image of an Indian who tries to be better than his peers. (Brazil, Amazonia, Tariana, language ideology, code-mixing, eth- nic stereotypes.) INTRODUCTION The choice of the language of interaction in a multilingual society can be an important site for the reproduction of ethnic stereotypes associated with each language. -
LCSH Section K
K., Rupert (Fictitious character) K-TEA (Achievement test) Kʻa-la-kʻun-lun kung lu (China and Pakistan) USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Karakoram Highway (China and Pakistan) K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) K-theory Ka Lae o Kilauea (Hawaii) USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) [QA612.33] USE Kilauea Point (Hawaii) K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) BT Algebraic topology Ka Lang (Vietnamese people) UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) Homology theory USE Giẻ Triêng (Vietnamese people) K9 (Fictitious character) NT Whitehead groups Ka nanʻʺ (Burmese people) (May Subd Geog) K 37 (Military aircraft) K. Tzetnik Award in Holocaust Literature [DS528.2.K2] USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) UF Ka-Tzetnik Award UF Ka tūʺ (Burmese people) K 98 k (Rifle) Peras Ḳ. Tseṭniḳ BT Ethnology—Burma USE Mauser K98k rifle Peras Ḳatseṭniḳ ʾKa nao dialect (May Subd Geog) K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 BT Literary prizes—Israel BT China—Languages USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 K2 (Pakistan : Mountain) Hmong language K.A. Lind Honorary Award UF Dapsang (Pakistan) Ka nō (Burmese people) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris Godwin Austen, Mount (Pakistan) USE Tha noʹ (Burmese people) K.A. Linds hederspris Gogir Feng (Pakistan) Ka Rang (Southeast Asian people) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris Mount Godwin Austen (Pakistan) USE Sedang (Southeast Asian people) K-ABC (Intelligence test) BT Mountains—Pakistan Kā Roimata o Hine Hukatere (N.Z.) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Karakoram Range USE Franz Josef Glacier/Kā Roimata o Hine K-B Bridge (Palau) K2 (Drug) Hukatere (N.Z.) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Synthetic marijuana Ka-taw K-BIT (Intelligence test) K3 (Pakistan and China : Mountain) USE Takraw USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test USE Broad Peak (Pakistan and China) Ka Tawng Luang (Southeast Asian people) K. -
Additive and Substitutive Borrowing Against Semantic Broadening and Narrowing in the Names of Architectural Structures in Tanzanian Bantu Languages
Additive and Substitutive Borrowing against Semantic Broadening and Narrowing in the Names of Architectural Structures in Tanzanian Bantu Languages Amani Lusekelo http://dx.doi./org/10.4314/ujah.v18i1.2 Abstract The thrust of this paper lies on semantic changes associated with additive and substitutive borrowing in Bantu-speaking communities in Tanzania. Due to contact of languages, semantic differences of the terms related to architectural structures emanate. Apart from data from a few elderly native speakers, research was carried out with the help of undergraduate students of linguistics. Further linguistic materials analysed herein come from dictionaries and lexicons. Although retention of the proto- Bantu words are apparent, findings indicate that cases of additive borrowing are obvious for new concepts associated with new architectural structures. The additive Swahili names incorporated into Tanzanian Bantu tend to designate specific concepts associated with modern (contemporary) architectural senses such as mulango ‘modern door’ vs. luigi ‘traditional entranceway’. Cases of substitutive borrowing are rare, as demonstrated by the Swahili word dirisha ‘window’ which replaces chitonono in Chimakonde, echihúru in Runyambo, ilituulo in Kinyakyusa etc. Keywords: Architectural Terms, Additive Borrowing, Onomastics, Semantic Changes, Substitutive Borrowing, Tanzanian Bantu 19 Lusekelo: Additive and Substitutive Borrowing Introduction Linguistic issues emanating from contact languages include additive and substitutive borrowing and semantic narrowing and broadening of both loanwords and native words. For Bantu communities, however, cases of substitutive borrowing are rare and in most instances involve semantic narrowing and broadening (Mapunda & Rosendal 2015). Most of the additive loanwords in Bantu languages of Tanzania come from Kiswahili (Sebonde 2014; Lusekelo 2013; Yoneda 2010) and surround semantic fields associated with ‘agriculture and vegetation’, ‘modern world’, ‘modern healthcare’, ‘formal education’ (Ibid). -
Digo Narrative Discourse
Language and Culture DigitalResources Documentation and Description 26 Digo Narrative Discourse Steve Nicolle Digo Narrative Discourse Steve Nicolle SIL International® 2015 SIL Language and Culture Documentation and Description 26 ©2015 SIL International® ISSN 1939-0785 Fair Use Policy Documents published in the Language and Culture Documentation and Description series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes (under fair use guidelines) free of charge and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of Language and Culture Documentation and Description or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder(s). Series Editor Mike Cahill Copy Editor Bonnie Brown Compositor Bonnie Waswick Abstract This paper describes the linguistic features of narrative texts in Digo based on a corpus of non-translated texts. Digo, or Chidigo (Ethnologue code [dig]), is a Bantu language (classified as E73) spoken in the coastal region of Kenya and Tanzania between Mombasa (04°02'S, 039°37'E) and Tanga (05°05'S, 039°04'E). iii Contents Abstract Abbreviations Introduction 1 Constituent elements of narrative texts 1.1 Types of narrative texts 1.2 Structure of narrative texts 1.3 Linguistic features of Digo narrative texts 1.3.1 Orientation section 1.3.2 Inciting episode 1.3.3 Developmental episodes 1.3.4 Peak episode 1.3.5 Denouement 1.3.6 Conclusion 1.3.7 The role of songs in traditional Digo -
A Collection of 100 Digo (Mijikenda) Proverbs and Wise Sayings
A COLLECTION OF 100 DIGO (MIJIKENDA) PROVERBS AND WISE SAYINGS BY MARGARET WAMBERE IRERI NAIROBI KENYA MARCH 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Special thanks go to the African Proverbs Working Group (APWG) Moderator, Father Joseph Healey of the Maryknoll Society for the financial support which helped me to successfully complete this project. I also thank the APWG Assistant Moderator, Cephas Agbemenu for providing the literary and technical support, and the APWG members for their moral support. I thank my uncle Jeremiah Kithaka, who devotedly helped me to link with the collaborators, and to compile this collection of proverbs and wise sayings from the Digo ethnic community. Thank you all for encouraging and enabling me to complete this project. DEDICATION I dedicate this work to: My uncle Jeremiah Kithaka, Who lives among the Mijikenda people, And My collaborator Hamisi Muaje Ndegwa Who hails from the Mijikenda community, in the southern coast of Kenya Thank you for your inspiration. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………… i Dedication ……………………………………………………………………………. ii Introduction …………………………………………………………………............. iii Images: The ethnographical location of the Digo (Mijikenda) ethnic group in Kenya ………………………………………………………………………… iii Digo ladies pounding maize using a traditional motar and pestles ………….. iv Kenyan Traditional Dance (Kayamba) Performed by Digo people, "Lawakera" ……………………………………………………………… v A kaya prayer hut in the kaya forest ……………………………………………… vi A Collection Of 100 Digo Proverbs And Wise Sayings 1. Achili ni nyere, chila mmwenga ana zakpwe. English: Intelligence is like hair, everyone has their own. ………………….. 1 2. Aendaye na vuto akauya na kusi. English: The flag follows the direction of the wind. ………………………... 1 3. Achiyetsupa mbere, siye myao. English: He who overtakes you is not your companion. -
PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/42006 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-24 and may be subject to change. Kwaza in a Comparative Perspective Author(s): Hein van der Voort Reviewed work(s): Source: International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 71, No. 4 (October 2005), pp. 365- 412 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/501245 . Accessed: 13/07/2012 09:37 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of American Linguistics. http://www.jstor.org KWAZA IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE1 Hein van der Voort Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi In view of the previous sparsity of data, the existing claims with regard to a genea- logical classification of the Aikanã, Kanoê, and Kwaza languages of Rondônia, on the Brazilian side of the Guaporé River, are premature and unconvincing. -
Swahili Origins: Swahili Culture and the Shungwaya Phenomenon
Swahili origins: Swahili culture and the Shungwaya phenomenon http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.sip200016 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Swahili origins: Swahili culture and the Shungwaya phenomenon Author/Creator Allen, James de Vere Date 1993 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast, Tanzania, United Republic of, Kilwa Kisiwani Source Smithsonian Institution Libraries, DT365.45 .S93A45 1993X Rights By kind permission of David C. Sperling and James Currey, Ltd.###Hard copies of this book can be ordered from James Currey, Ltd. at the following address: 73 Botley Road, Oxford OX2 0BS, UK; James Currey can also be contacted at: http://www.jamescurrey.co.uk/.