DOCSLIB.ORG

The Trans-New Guinea Phylum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Se�ie� B - No. 16 THE TRANS-NEW GUINEA PHYLUM: EXPLORATIONS IN DEEP-LEVEL GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS by K.A. McElhanon C.L. Voorhoeve Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. DOI:10.15144/PL-B16.cover ©1970 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is published through the L�ngu�4 t�e C��ele 06 Canbe��a and consists of four series : SERIES A - OCCAS IONA L PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS EDITOR: S. A. Wurm. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock, C. L. Voorhoeve, D. T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton. EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B. Bender, University of Hawaii A. Healey, Summer Institute of Linguistics A. Capell, University of Sydney N. D. Liem, University of Hawaii S. Elbert, University of Hawaii H. McKaughan, University of Hawaii K. Franklin, Summer Institute of Linguistics G. N. O'Grady, University of Victoria, B. C. W.W. Glover, Summer Institute of K. Pike, University of Michigan; Linguistics Summer Institute of Linguistics G. Grace, University of Hawaii E. Uhlenbeck, University of Leiden ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIFIC LINGUISTICS , including orders and subscriptions , should be addressed to : The Secretary, PACIFIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics , School of Pacific Studies , The Australian National University, Box 4, P.O. , Canberra , A.C.T. 2600 . Australia. Copyright (§) The Authors . First published 19 70 . Reprinted 1978 . The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series . This publication was made po ssible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund . National Library of Australia Card Number and ISBN 0 85883 048 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. O. INTRODUCTION 1 0.1. GENERAL 1 0.2. BACKGROUNV 3 0.3. SCOPE 3 0.4. VOCABULARY ITEMS 4 0.5. METHOV 5 0.6. OVERVIEW 6 1. PRELIMI NARIES 7 1.1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 7 MAP I 9 1.2. LANGUAGES OF THE CENTRAL ANV SOUTH NEW GUINEA PH YLUM 10 MAP II 11 1.3. LANGUAGES OF THE FINISTERRE-HUON PHYLUM 12 MAP III 13 1.4. FINVER LIST OF VOCABULARY ITEMS 14 MAP IV 15 1.5. SPEL LING 16 1.6. PRESENTATION OF THE VATA 18 2. VOCABULARY COMPARISONS 20 1. Arm, hand 20 2. Bone 22 3. Breast 24 4. Ear 26 5. Eye 28 6. Foot, Leg 30 7. Hair 32 111 iv Pa.ge. 8. Head 34 9. Mouth, jaw 36 10 . Knee 38 11. Nail- 39 12 . Neak 40 13. Skin, bar>k 41 14. N08e 42 15. SpittZ.e 44 16 . Tongue 46 17. Tooth 48 18. Ur> ine 50 19 . Name 52 20 . EZder> Br>other> 54 2l. EZder> Si8ter> 55 22 . Mother> 56 23. I 58 24. We 60 25. You 62 26 . You (p Zur>aZ) 64 27. He 66 28. LOU8e 68 29 . Wing 70 30 . A8he8 72 3l. Rain 74 32. Road 76 33. Fir>e 78 34. Dog 79 35 . Leaf 80 36. Moon 81 37. Sand 82 38. Smoke 83 39 . Star> 84 40 . Sun 85 4l . Water> 86 42 . Wind 87 43 . FuZZ 88 44 . Long 89 45 . New 90 46 . Str>aight 92 47. War>m 93 v Pa.ge 48. Burn 94 49 . Eat 95 50 . Shoot 96 51- Tie 97 52 . Say, speech 98 53. SZeep 100 3. CONCLUS ION 102 4. FURTHER OUTLOOK 103 5. LI ST OF SOURCES 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY 105 McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. DOI:10.15144/PL-B16.cover ©1970 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. O. INTRODU CTION 0.1. GENERAL From the nineteenth century onwards it has been known that the number of languages in the New Guinea area was multitudinous . The most recent estimates ( Wurm and Laycock, 19 61; Wurm , 1970 ) place this number in excess of 1,000, of which approximately 700 are regarded as Papuan ( i.e., non-Austronesian ) . Bringing order in this bewildering mass of languages is a formidab le task, and it was only af ter the lexico­ statistical method developed by Swadesh and expounded by Gudschinsky (1956) had been adopted that linguists had a tool with which they could hopefully tackle the classification of Papuan languages. After a slow start a great activity in this field developed during the last decade , and the existence of more and more groups of genetically re lated languages was posited. A first overall classification was devised by the Voegelins (1965); it was still rather vague , since most groups of purportedly related languages, except single language families . were indis criminately coined 'phylum' . The Voegelins posited a Central New Guinea Macro Phylum as follows· : Central New Guinea Macro-phylum ( by the Voegelins ) (1) East New Guinea Highlands Micro-phylum (2) Ekagi-Wodani-Moni Fami ly (3) Southeastern West New Guinea Phylum (4) Kamoro-Sempan-Asmat Family (5) Southern We st New Guinea Group (6) Ok-Oksapmin Phylum (7) Binandere Phylum (8) Kate Phylum (9) Ndu Family (10) Ndani Family (11) Various language isolates 1 McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. DOI:10.15144/PL-B16.1 ©1970 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 2 The Voegelins also posited other phyla which were apparently unrelated to the Central New Guinea Macro-phylum, notab ly the Sentani­ Demta-Nimboran and the Kiwai Phyla. Since 1965 additional studies have been undertaken by members of the Australian National University and the Summer Institute of Linguistics, and many gaps in the New Guinea linguistic picture have been rapidly filled in. Wurm' s most recent survey of the results from these .studies ( Wurm, 1970) also asserts the existence of a Central New Guinea Macro-phylum but one differing slightly from that of the Voege lins . Including the addenda to Wurm' s article the following picture emerges: Central New Guinea Macro-phylum (by Wurm ) (1) East New Guinea ijighlands Phylum (2) Central and South New Guinea Phylum (3) West New Guinea Highlands Phylum (4) Finisterre-Huon Phylum (5) South-East New Guinea Phylum (6) Madang Phylum (7) Adelbert Range Phylum (8) Ramu Phylum (?) (9) Middle Sepik Phylum (?) (10) Upper Sepik Phylum (?) (11) Sepik Hill Family (?) The establishment of the various linguistic groups constituting the proposed Central New Guinea Macro-phylum was based mainly upon lexico­ statistic evidence. In all but one case, viz ., Healey (1964 ), the appli cation of the method did not follow reconstruction so that there is the possibility that the presence of unrecognized loans skewed the results. Moreover, in many cases the data were scanty so that supposed cognates were identified solely by the use of the 'inspection method', ( see Gudschinsky, 1956). Therefore, one may regard the sub-classifi­ cation of many of these groups as tenuous and not adequately reflecting genetic relationship but still useful in the present context of New Guinea studies and the need to refer to particular languages as members of groups of languages. The evidence for linking the various linguistic groups together in a ma cro-phylum was largely typological, and of ten only a few lexical items ( e.g., pronouns in the singular number) were said to be cognate throughout most of the member languages. Wurm, in asserting the existence of the macro-phylum, stated that there is "the very real possibility that further changes, including additions, will occur in its proposed composition in the very near future in view of 3 the present rapid progress in New Guinea linguistics" (Wurm . 1970). The present writers suggest what may well be the first of a number of changes in the internal composition of the macro-phylum and present data to support this change . 0.2. BACKGROUNV This study involves comparison of lexical items from two widely separated phyla which were posited independently by the lexicosta­ tistical method . The phyla involved are the Central and South New Guinea Phylum (CSNGP - Voorhoeve . 1968) and the Finisterre-Huon Phylum (FHP - Hooley and McElhanon . 1970 ). Since the appearance of his 1968 article . Voorhoeve has expanded the membership of the CSNGP and revised. its substructure . Map 2 presents the member languages and shows their grouping into lexicostatistically determined groups . Map 3 presents the same for the FHP . The stimulus for a closer study of the possible genetic relation­ ships of the two phyla came from independent ob s ervations by the authors which led to a converging of their interests . McElhanon in 1967 noted structural simi larities between the Telefol language of the Ok family (see P. He aley . 1964. 1965a. 1965b . 1965c. 1966) and the languages of the Huon Peninsula group . Voorhoeve . when studying the genetic relationship of the Asmat and Sentani language s (Voorhoeve . 1970). found evidence which pointed to the possibility that their proto-language had been spoken somewhere in the Sepik or Ramu River basins . At the same time . Voorhoeve noted that lexical data collected in the Madang District languages by Rev.
Recommended publications
  • A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram

    A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram Phonology, Lexicon, and Morphosyntax A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics by Don Roger Daniels Committee in charge: Professor Marianne Mithun, Chair Professor Bernard Comrie Professor Carol Genetti Professor Andrew Pawley June 2015 The dissertation of Don Roger Daniels is approved. Bernard Comrie Carol Genetti Andrew Pawley Marianne Mithun, Committee Chair May 2015 A Reconstruction of Proto-Sogeram: Phonology, Lexicon, and Morphosyntax Copyright © 2015 by Don Roger Daniels iii Acknowledgments It takes a village to write a dissertation. I can’t possibly acknowledge everyone who has contributed to the completion of this project, but there are nevertheless many people I would like to mention. First of all, I give my thanks to my advisor and chair, Marianne Mithun. Her patience, enthusiasm, and encouragement helped me make it through graduate school, and her advice on matters professional, personal, and scholarly was invaluable in my development as a researcher. Very special thanks also go to Andy Pawley. He was the one who suggested these languages as a possible research topic all the way back in 2005, and he has been guiding me through the world of Papuan historical linguistics ever since. The other members of my committee, Bernard Comrie and Carol Genetti, have also provided steady, helpful feedback to me over the years. I have learned more and grown more as a result of the advice and supervision of these scholars than I can possibly express. I am also grateful to the various other linguists who have helped me along the way with guidance or with engaging conversations about my work, including Mark Donohue, Malcolm Ross, Ger Reesink, Sandy Thompson, Nick Evans, Lindsay Whaley, Tim Pulju, René van den Berg, Alex François, Joseph Brooks, Brad McDonnell, Bill Palmer, Edgar Suter, Tim Usher, Harold Koch, and Lourens de Vries.
  • APLL Conference Abstracts

    APLL Conference Abstracts

    13th International Austronesian and Papuan Languages and Linguistics Conference (APLL13) https://www.ed.ac.uk/ppls/linguistics-and-english-language/events/apll13-2021-06-10 The purpose of the APLL conferences is to provide a venue for presentation of the best current research on Austronesian and Papuan languages and linguistics, and to promote collaboration and research in this area. APLL13 follows a successful online instantiation of APLL, hosted by the University of Oslo, as well as previous APLL conferences held in Leiden, Surrey, Paris and London, and the Austronesian Languages and Linguistics (ALL) conferences held at SOAS and St Catherine's College, Oxford. Language and Culture Research Centre (James Cook University) representative Robert Bradshaw gave a Poster presentation on ‘Frustrative in Doromu-Koki’ (LINK TO POSTER) Additionally, LCRC Associates Dr René van den Berg (SIL International) gave a talk on ‘Un- Austronesian features of Malol, an Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea’ Dr Hannah Sarvasy presented ‘Nungon Switch-Reference: Processing and Acquisition’ and Dr Dineke Schokkin, University of Canterbury in association with Kate L. Lindsey, Boston University presented ‘A new type of auxiliary: Evidence from Pahoturi River complex predicates’ Abstracts of those sessions are presented below Frustrative in Doromu-Koki Robert L. Bradshaw Language and Culture Research Centre – James Cook University The category of frustrative, defined as ‘…a grammatical marker that expresses the nonrealization of some expected outcome implied by the proposition expressed in the marked clause (Overall 2017:479)’, has been identified in a few languages of the world, including those of Amazonia. A frustrative, translated as ‘in vain’, typically expresses an unrealised expectation and lack of accomplishment, as well as negative evaluation.
  • A Grammar of Komnzo

    A Grammar of Komnzo

    A grammar of Komnzo Christian Döhler language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 22 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J. (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. 17. Stenzel, Kristine & Bruna Franchetto (eds.). On this and other worlds: Voices from Amazonia. 18. Paggio, Patrizia and Albert Gatt (eds.). The languages of Malta. 19. Seržant, Ilja A. & Alena Witzlack-Makarevich (eds.). Diachrony of differential argument marking. 20. Hölzl, Andreas. A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective. 21. Riesberg, Sonja, Asako Shiohara & Atsuko Utsumi (eds.). Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages. 22. Döhler, Christian. A grammar of Komnzo. ISSN: 2363-5568 A grammar of Komnzo Christian Döhler language science press Döhler, Christian.
  • Essentials of Language Typology

    Essentials of Language Typology

    Lívia Körtvélyessy Essentials of Language Typology KOŠICE 2017 © Lívia Körtvélyessy, Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky, Filozofická fakulta UPJŠ v Košiciach Recenzenti: Doc. PhDr. Edita Kominarecová, PhD. Doc. Slávka Tomaščíková, PhD. Elektronický vysokoškolský učebný text pre Filozofickú fakultu UPJŠ v Košiciach. Všetky práva vyhradené. Toto dielo ani jeho žiadnu časť nemožno reprodukovať,ukladať do informačných systémov alebo inak rozširovať bez súhlasu majiteľov práv. Za odbornú a jazykovú stánku tejto publikácie zodpovedá autor. Rukopis prešiel redakčnou a jazykovou úpravou. Jazyková úprava: Steve Pepper Vydavateľ: Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach Umiestnenie: http://unibook.upjs.sk Dostupné od: február 2017 ISBN: 978-80-8152-480-6 Table of Contents Table of Contents i List of Figures iv List of Tables v List of Abbreviations vi Preface vii CHAPTER 1 What is language typology? 1 Tasks 10 Summary 13 CHAPTER 2 The forerunners of language typology 14 Rasmus Rask (1787 - 1832) 14 Franz Bopp (1791 – 1867) 15 Jacob Grimm (1785 - 1863) 15 A.W. Schlegel (1767 - 1845) and F. W. Schlegel (1772 - 1829) 17 Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767 – 1835) 17 August Schleicher 18 Neogrammarians (Junggrammatiker) 19 The name for a new linguistic field 20 Tasks 21 Summary 22 CHAPTER 3 Genealogical classification of languages 23 Tasks 28 Summary 32 CHAPTER 4 Phonological typology 33 Consonants and vowels 34 Syllables 36 Prosodic features 36 Tasks 38 Summary 40 CHAPTER 5 Morphological typology 41 Morphological classification of languages (holistic
  • 14 Barnard & Boden Conclusions Final1

    14 Barnard & Boden Conclusions Final1

    Edinburgh Research Explorer Conjectural histories – Pros and Cons Citation for published version: Barnard, A & Boden, G 2014, Conjectural histories – Pros and Cons. in A Barnard & G Boden (eds), Southern African Khoisan Kinship Systems. Research in Khoisan Studies, vol. 30, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Cologne, pp. 263-280. Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Southern African Khoisan Kinship Systems Publisher Rights Statement: © Barnard, A., & Boden, G. (2014). Conjectural histories – Pros and Cons. In A. Barnard, & G. Boden (Eds.), Southern African Khoisan Kinship Systems. (pp. 263-280). (Research in Khoisan Studies; Vol. 30). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. To be cited as: Alan Barnard / Gertrud Boden (eds.): Southern African Khoisan Kinship Systems (Research in Khoisan Studies , 2014, VI, 301 pp., ill. ISBN 978-3-89645-874-2 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Conclusions 263 Conjectural histories: pros and cons Alan Barnard & Gertrud Boden Overview The aim of this book was to contribute to untangling the historical relations between the indigenous peoples of the Kalahari Basin Area, often subsumed under the label “Khoisan”, yet increasingly thought of as making up a Sprachbund composed of three individual language families, viz.
  • A Unified Account of Binary and Ternary Stress a Unified Account of Binary and Ternary Stress Considerations from Sentani and Finnish

    A Unified Account of Binary and Ternary Stress a Unified Account of Binary and Ternary Stress Considerations from Sentani and Finnish

    A unified account of binary and ternary stress A unified account of binary and ternary stress Considerations from Sentani and Finnish Een unificerende analyse van binaire en ternaire klemtoon Overwegingen uit het Sentani en Fins (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, prof. dr. H.O. Voorma ingevolge het besluit van het College van Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 5 februari 1999 des middags te 12.45 door Nine Elenbaas Geboren op 24 januari 1967, te Rotterdam Promotor: Prof. dr. W. Zonneveld Co-promotor: Dr. R.W.J. Kager Dit onderzoek is mede mogelijk gemaakt door een financiële bijdrage van de Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) en de stichting voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek van de Tropen (WOTRO). ISBN 90-5569-065-1 1999 by Nine Elenbaas. All rights reserved. Printed in the Netherlands Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................................ix 1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 1.2 DEFINING ‘BINARITY’ AND ‘TERNARITY’...........................................................2 1.3 SOURCES OF TERNARITY ...................................................................................3 1.4 OPTIMALITY THEORY........................................................................................6
  • Computing a World Tree of Languages from Word Lists

    Computing a World Tree of Languages from Word Lists

    From words to features to trees: Computing a world tree of languages from word lists Gerhard Jäger Tübingen University Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies October 16, 2017 Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 1 / 45 Introduction Introduction Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 2 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution The formation of dierent languages and of distinct species, and the proofs that both have been developed through a gradual process, are curiously parallel. [...] We nd in distinct languages striking homologies due to community of descent, and analogies due to a similar process of formation. The manner in which certain letters or sounds change when others change is very like correlated growth. [...] The frequent presence of rudiments, both in languages and in species, is still more remarkable. [...] Languages, like organic beings, can be classed in groups under groups; and they can be classed either naturally according to descent, or articially by other characters. Dominant languages and dialects spread widely, and lead to the gradual extinction of other tongues. (Darwin, The Descent of Man) Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 3 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution Vater Unser im Himmel, geheiligt werde Dein Name Onze Vader in de Hemel, laat Uw Naam geheiligd worden Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name Fader Vor, du som er i himlene! Helliget vorde dit navn Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 4 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution Gerhard Jäger
  • Linguistic Areas This Page Intentionally Left Blank Linguistic Areas Convergence in Historical and Typological Perspective

    Linguistic Areas This Page Intentionally Left Blank Linguistic Areas Convergence in Historical and Typological Perspective

    Linguistic Areas This page intentionally left blank Linguistic Areas Convergence in Historical and Typological Perspective Edited by Yaron Matras University of Manchester April McMahon University of Edinburgh and Nigel Vincent University of Manchester Editorial matter and selection © Yaron Matras, April McMahon and Nigel Vincent 2006 Individual chapters © contributors 2006 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-9657-2 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-54544-5 ISBN 978-0-230-28761-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230287617 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
  • 189 Tom Güldemann and Anne-Maria Fehn

    189 Tom Güldemann and Anne-Maria Fehn

    book reviews 189 Tom Güldemann and Anne-Maria Fehn (eds.) 2014. Beyond ‘Khoisan’. Historical Relations in the Kalahari Basin. xii, 331 pages. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 330. The so-called Khoisan languages, which are famous for their phonemic clicks, are still spoken today in wide areas of Botswana and Namibia as well as sev- eral adjacent regions. The volume under discussion also shows this on a map (p. 12), which, however, deliberately omits the two Tanzanian representatives Hadza and Sandawe (see the figure on p. 27): They are too far away to be indi- cated on a map of this scale. More importantly, they fall outside the scope of this volume, which is restricted, according to its subtitle, to the Kalahari Basin. The main title Beyond ‘Khoisan’ still underlines the fact that the editors primar- ily pursue an areal linguistic approach and that their main aim is to challenge the idea of a homogeneous Khoisan language family. This becomes obvious in the back cover text, which criticises any attempt at establishing a Khoisan fam- ily as lacking the proper evidence and praises the volume for its interdisciplin- ary analyses of the complex situation. Ironically, the work coming under fire here is lacking in the list of references (p. 308), namely the article by Greenberg (1954). As a matter of fact, however, this early contribution excludes the two Tanzanian languages Hadza and Sandawe from the “Khoisan” concept, which unites the Northern, Central and Southern groups in southern Africa (Green- berg, 1954: map). The volume includes eleven contributions, divided into an introduction and four main parts, by thirteen different authors.
  • Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea

    Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea

    AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA Working Paper No. 4 WESTERN PROVINCE TEXT SUMMARIES, MAPS, CODE LISTS AND VILLAGE IDENTIFICATION B.J. Allen, R.L. Hide, R.M. Bourke, W. Akus, D. Fritsch, R. Grau, G. Ling and E. Lowes Department of Human Geography, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia REVISED and REPRINTED 2002 Correct Citation: Allen, B.J., Hide, R.L., Bourke, R.M., Akus, W., Fritsch, D., Grau, R., Ling, G. and Lowes, E. (2002). Western Province: Text Summaries, Maps, Code Lists and Village Identification. Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper No. 4. Land Management Group, Department of Human Geography, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. Revised edition. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry: Western Province: text summaries, maps, code lists and village identification. Rev. ed. ISBN 0 9579381 4 4 1. Agricultural systems – Papua New Guinea – Western Province. 2. Agricultural geography – Papua New Guinea – Western Province. 3. Agricultural mapping – Papua New Guinea – Western Province. I. Allen, Bryant James. II. Australian National University. Land Management Group. (Series: Agricultural systems of Papua New Guinea working paper; no. 4). 630.99549 Cover Photograph: The late Gore Gabriel clearing undergrowth from a pandanus nut grove in the Sinasina area, Simbu Province (R.L. Hide) ii PREFACE Acknowledgments The following organisations have contributed financial support to this project: The Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University; The Australian Agency for International Development; the Papua New Guinea-Australia Colloquium through the International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges and the Papua New Guinea National Research Institute; the Papua New Guinea Department of Agriculture and Livestock; the University of Papua New Guinea; and the National Geographic Society, Washington DC.
  • Even More Diverse Than We Had Thought: the Multiplicity of Trans-Fly Languages

    Even More Diverse Than We Had Thought: the Multiplicity of Trans-Fly Languages

    Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 5 (December 2012) Melanesian Languages on the Edge of Asia: Challenges for the 21st Century, ed. by Nicholas Evans and Marian Klamer, pp. 109–149 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/sp05/ 5 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4562 Even more diverse than we had thought: The multiplicity of Trans-Fly languages Nicholas Evans Australian National University Linguistically, the Trans Fly region of Southern New Guinea is one of the least known parts of New Guinea. Yet the glimpses we already have are enough to see that it is a zone with among the highest levels of linguistic diversity in New Guinea, arguably only exceeded by those found in the Sepik and the north coast. After surveying the sociocultural setting, in particular the widespread practice of direct sister-exchange which promotes egalitarian multilingualism in the region, I give an initial taste of what its languages are like. I focus on two languages which are neighbours, and whose speakers regularly intermarry, but which belong to two unrelated and typologically distinct families: Nen (Yam Family) and Idi (Pahoturi River Family). I then zoom out to look at some typological features of the whole Trans-Fly region, exemplifying with the dual number category, and close by stressing the need for documentation of the languages of this fascinating region. 1. INTRODUCTION.1 The distribution of linguistic diversity is highly informative, about 1 My thanks to two anonymous referees and to Marian Klamer for their usefully critical comments on an
  • Abstract Booklet SWL6.Pdf

    Abstract Booklet SWL6.Pdf

    Innovative 1PL Subject Constructions in Finnish and Consequences to Object Marking Rigina Ajanki, University of Helsinki As most of the Uralic languages, Finnish makes use of suffixal person marking in conjugation and declination. The phenomenom is not an example of canonical agreement, but as Haspelmath (2013) suggests, best described in terms of two kinds of person marking, morphological and syntactic, not necessarily dependent of each other. In Colloquial Finnish, the 1PL person suffix in verbal conjugation is hardly ever employed but instead, Impersonal Construction (Finnish Passive) is applied with free 1PL subject pronoun to encode 1PL subject. Due to the replacement of 1PL conjugational construction by Impersonal construction, another previously unexisting pattern has become general in Colloquial Finnish: occurence of a Nominative Object in a construction with a Nominative Subject, not taken into account in (Sands&Campbell 2001), see Examples 1 and 2. Encoding of Finnish Object varies to the extent that Objects are either in Genitive-Accusative or in Partitive, and when there is no Nominative Subject, Object is in Nominative instead of Genitive-Accusative. The novel construction makes an exception: it is morphosyntactically unexpected as in these constructions both, Subject and Object are encoded in Nominative. The asymmetry found in novel 1PL Construction with non- canonical object marking has neither a semantic ground. The present study claims that with the emergence of the new 1PL Subject Transitive Constructions Finnish grammar has gone through a profound innovation. The data is drawn from vernacular, compared with data from dialects and from the data base of Mikael Agricola‘s works from 16th century.