sign in sign up
<<
Home , Herod Archelaus

A Brief Intertestamental(the 2nd Temple Period) Events as Useful Background of World

Ju Hur New Testament Introduction / AIGS Spring Semester, 2013

BC (BCE) 597 taken by Nebuchadnezzar II [597-539 Babylon Empire] 587 Jerusalem destroyed. People go into exile 539 Cyrus of Persia conquers Babylon in Jerusalem [538 Persian Empire] 538 Return of exiles to Jerusalem, rebuilding of temple begun 516 Temple rebuilding completed 332 conquers and builds cities [332 Greek Empire] 323 Death of Alexander; Greek empire divided 323 Egypt Ptolemies Empire rule; is in the area under Ptolemy rule – High priests rule in Jerusalem on behalf of the Ptolemies. 300-200 Septuagint (Greek translation of the Hebrew ) 198 Syria Seleucid Empire in control in place of the Ptolemies 167 High priest in Jerusalem favours Antiochus Epiphanes IV(ruled 175-163), but in 167 Antiochus desecrates the temple and builds an altar to Zeus Olympus (desolating sacrilege) 166 Death of Mattathias; Judas Maccabeus (Mattathias’ son) becomes leader of revolt 164 Judas cleanses temple (the feast of Dedication – Jn. 10); battles with Syria [ 164 – 63] 160 Death of Judas Maccabeus 160-152 Jonathan (Judas’ brother) leader of forces; becomes high priest in 152 143 Jonathan killed, succeeded by brother Simon 134 Hyrcanus I (Simon’s son) succeeds 128 destroy Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim 104 Aristobulus I (Hyrcanus I’s son) rule 103 Alexander Janneus (Aristobulus’ brother) rule 76 Alexandra (Alexander Janneus’ wife) rule 67 Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus (Alexandra’s sons) rule 63 Hasmonean dynasty destroyed; Jerusalem taken by Pompey [] 60 Pompey, Julius , Crassus

1 49 Julius Caesar 44 Antony and Octavian (later ) 31 Augustus (the first Roman emperor – BC 31 – AD 14) 55 Antipater (father of ) given title procurator of Judea by Rome 40 Herod, the son of Antipater declared “king of Judea” in Rome; he appoints his supporters as high priests. 37-4 Herod the Great rules 19 Herod starts rebuilding temple (consecrated 9 BC) 4 approximate date of ’ birth 4 Death of Herod; kingdom divided: (1) rules and Perea until AD 38; marries ; kills (2) Herod Archelaus rules Judea, , Idumea (deposed in AD 6) (3) Philip rules Northern Palestine until AD 34

AD (CE) 6 Judea and Samaria become a ruled by Roman prefects. Census riots. 18 becomes high priest 26-37 is Roman procurator 31-33 approx. Crucifixion of Jesus; 1-4 years after conversion of Saul (37-100 Life of ) 39 Roman governor orders statue of himself set up in Jerusalem temple 40 I becomes king in the north, 41 also king in the south, after assassination of Gaius 44 Famine; death of Herod Agrippa I (who kills the apostle James in 41 – Acts 12) Late 40s ~ late 50s Paul’s missionary journeys 49 Jews expelled from Rome by Claudius; Jews return to Rome in 54 Jerusalem Council – Acts 15 50-51 Paul in Corinth Paul meets Priscilla & Aquila (who expelled from Rome) at Corinth – Acts 18 52 Roman governor Cumanus removed from office for poor handling of Jews and . Felix Roman procurator succeeds: 52-59 59-62 Festus Roman procurator 62 James Brother of Jesus killed by high priest II 63 Temple (begun by Herod the Great) completed 66-70 Jewish War

2 70 Titus takes Jerusalem 74 Capture of Masada – last stronghold of the Jews 115-117 Jewish revolts in Egypt, Cyrene, Cyprus 110-115 Letters of Ignatius 132 Hadrian makes anti-semitic laws – temple of Jupitar in Jerusalem 133-135 Rebellion of Bar Kochba 156 Death of Polycarp 165 Death of Justin Martyr

Leaders/Rulers of Judea in the Roman Period (HF = Herod Family; gov = Roman governor) BC 55 Antipater (HF) 40 Herod the Great (HF) 4 Archelaus (HF) AD 6 Coponius (gov) 9 Marcus Ambivius (gov) 12 Annius Rufus (gov) 15 Valerius Gratus (gov) 26 Pontius Pilate (gov) 37 Marullus (gov) 41 Herod Agrippa I (HF) 44 Fadus (gov) 46 Alexander (gov) 48 Cumanus (gov) 52 Felix (gov) 59 Festus (gov) 62 Albinus (gov) 64/65 Florus (gov)

3 Roman Leaders/Emperors BC 60 Pompey, Julius Caesar, Crassus 49 Julius Caesar 44 Antony and Octavian (later Augustus) 31 Augustus (first Roman emperor) AD 14 Tiberius 37 Gaius Caligula 41 Claudius 54 Nero 68 Galba 69 Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian

Herod Family: A Selective Family Tree

Antipater

Phasael Herod the Great (a) married:

(1) Doris (2) Mariamme 1 (3) Mariamme 2 (4) Malthake (5) Cleopatra

Antipater* Aritobulus* Alexander* Herod Philip (b) Archelaus (c) Herod Antipas (d) Philip (e)

Agrippa 1 (f) Herodias (g) Herod of Chalcis

Agrippa 2 (h) Bernice (i) Drusilla (j)

(a) Mt 2; (b) Mt 14:3; (c) Mt 2:22; (d) Mt 14:1f.; Lk 23:7f.; (e) Lk 3:1; (f) Acts 12장; (g) Mt 14:3f. – Herodias was wife of Herod Philip (b), then of Herod Antipas (d), and had a daughter ; (h) Acts 25, 26; (i) Acts 25:13f.; (j) Acts 24:24 * executed by Herod the Great

David Wenham & Steve Walton, Exploring the New Testament: A Guide to the & Acts, vol. 1 (Downers Grove: IVP, 2001), 8-9; 17, 19.

4