Herodian Dynasty

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Herodian Dynasty HERODIAN DYNASTY © 2018 Craig Bondy Antipater the Idumean So ingratiated himself with Julius Caesar that he was given Roman citizenship, freed from paying taxes and appointed as the first Roman governer of Judea. Father of Herod the Great and Phasael. Died 43 BC Herod the Great Salome I Phasael Son of Antipater, brother of Phasael, Daughter of Antipater, sister of Herod brother of Salome I, governor of Son of Antipater, brother of Herod the the Great, sister of Phasael, tetrarch of Galilee, ordered execution of boy Great, brother of Salome I, governor of area far southwest of Judea and babies 2 years old and younger in Jerusalem, died 40 BC Samaria, died AD 10 Bethlhem, died 4 BC Herod Archelaus Herod Antipas Phillip the Tetrarch Aristobulus IV Son of Herod the Great, brother of Son of Herod the Great, brother of Son of Herod the Great, half brother of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Herod Archelaus, tetrarch of Galilee, Herod Archelaus and half brother of Son of Herod the Great, spent most of Judea/Samaria, removed from power executed John the Baptist, removed Herod Antipas, tetrarch of area far his life in court at Rome, died 7 BC AD 6, banished to Vienne in Gual, died from power AD 39, banished to northeast of Judea and Samaria, died AD 18 Lugdunum in Gaul, died AD 47 AD 34 Agrippa I Herod of Chalcis Son of Aristobulus IV, brother of Herod Son of Aristobulus IV, brother of Herod of Chalcis, king of Judea and Galilee, Agrippa I, ruled Judea for a very short executed James the brother of Jesus, time, died AD 48 died AD 44 Agrippa II Son of Agrippa I, king of Judea, Paul made his defense before Agrippa II and Festus, died AD 92 or 100 Was one of the Tetrarchs Mentioned in Scripture Not Mentioned in Scripture.
Recommended publications
  • The Roman Province of Judea: a Historical Overview
    BYU Studies Quarterly Volume 36 Issue 3 Article 23 7-1-1996 The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview John F. Hall Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Hall, John F. (1996) "The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview," BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 36 : Iss. 3 , Article 23. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol36/iss3/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Studies Quarterly by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hall: The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview p d tffieffiAinelixnealxAIX romansixulalealliki glnfin ns i u1uaihiihlanilni judeatairstfsuuctfa Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 1996 1 BYU Studies Quarterly, Vol. 36, Iss. 3 [1996], Art. 23 the roman province judeaofiudeaofofjudea A historical overview john E hall the comingcoining of rome to judea romes acquisition ofofjudeajudea and subsequent involvement in the affairs of that long troubled area came about in largely indirect fashion for centuries judea had been under the control of the hel- lenilenisticstic greek monarchy centered in syria and known as the seleu- cid empire one of the successor states to the far greater empire of alexander the great who conquered the vast reaches of the persian empire toward the end of the fourth century
    [Show full text]
  • Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept of Kingship
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship Jacob Douglas Feeley University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Jewish Studies Commons Recommended Citation Feeley, Jacob Douglas, "Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2276. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2276 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2276 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Josephus As Political Philosopher: His Concept Of Kingship Abstract Scholars who have discussed Josephus’ political philosophy have largely focused on his concepts of aristokratia or theokratia. In general, they have ignored his concept of kingship. Those that have commented on it tend to dismiss Josephus as anti-monarchical and ascribe this to the biblical anti- monarchical tradition. To date, Josephus’ concept of kingship has not been treated as a significant component of his political philosophy. Through a close reading of Josephus’ longest text, the Jewish Antiquities, a historical work that provides extensive accounts of kings and kingship, I show that Josephus had a fully developed theory of monarchical government that drew on biblical and Greco- Roman models of kingship. Josephus held that ideal kingship was the responsible use of the personal power of one individual to advance the interests of the governed and maintain his and his subjects’ loyalty to Yahweh. The king relied primarily on a standard array of classical virtues to preserve social order in the kingdom, protect it from external threats, maintain his subjects’ quality of life, and provide them with a model for proper moral conduct.
    [Show full text]
  • A Godless King (Herod)
    Scholars Crossing The Second Person File Theological Studies 10-2017 A Godless King (Herod) Harold Willmington Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/second_person Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, Practical Theology Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Willmington, Harold, "A Godless King (Herod)" (2017). The Second Person File. 15. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/second_person/15 This The Birth of Jesus Christ is brought to you for free and open access by the Theological Studies at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Second Person File by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PHYSICAL BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST A GODLESS KING (HEROD) THE HEROD THE GREAT FILE STATISTICS ON HIS LIFE Father: Herod Antipater Spouses: Doris, Mariamne I, Mariamne II, Malthace, Cleopatria Sons: Herod Archelaus (Mt. 2:22); Herod Antipas (Mt. 14:1-12); Herod Philip (Mt. 14:3) First mention: Matthew 2:1 Final mention: Matthew 2:19 Meaning of his name: “Seed of a hero” Frequency of his name: Referred to nine times Biblical books mentioning him: One book (Matthew) Occupation: King over Israel Important fact about his life: He was the king who attempted to murder the infant Jesus. STORY OF HIS LIFE The life of this powerful Judean ruler can be summarized as follows: • Herod the Builder It is generally agreed by historians that he was one of the greatest, if not the greatest, builder of the ancient world! He was given the title King of the Jews by the Roman authorities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Illnesses of Herod the Great 1. Introduction 2. Sources of Information
    The illnesses of Herod the Great THE ILLNESSES OF HEROD THE GREAT ABSTRACT Herod the Great, Idumean by birth, was king of the Jews from 40BC to AD 4. An able statesman, builder and warrior, he ruthlessly stamped out all perceived opposi- tion to his rule. His last decade was characterised by vicious strife within his family and progressive ill health. We review the nature of his illnesses and suggest that he had meningoencephalitis in 59 BC, and that he died primarily of uraemia and hyper- tensive heart failure, but accept diabetes mellitus as a possible underlying etiological factor. The possibility that Josephus’s classical description of Herod’s disease could be biased by “topos” biography (popular at the time), is discussed. The latter conside- ration is particularly relevant in determining the significance of the king’s reputed worm- infested genital lesions. 1. INTRODUCTION Herod the Great, king of the Jews at the onset of the Christian era, had no Jewish blood in his veins. Infamous in Christian tradition for the massacre of the newborn in Bethlehem, he was nevertheless a vigorous and able ruler, a prolific builder, friend and ally of Rome and founder of an extensive Herodian dynasty which significantly influenced the history of Palestine. His miserable death at the age of 69 years was seen by the Jewish religious fraternity as Jahweh’s just retribution for his vio- lation of Judaic traditions (Ferguson 1987:328-330; Sizoo 1950:6-9). The nature and cause of his illness and death is the subject of this study. 2. SOURCES OF INFORMATION With the exception of fragmentary contributions from Rabbinic tradi- tions, Christian records in the New Testament and evidence from con- temporary coins, Herod’s biography comes to us predominantly through the writings of Flavius Josephus, a Jewish priest of aristocratic descent, military commander in a revolt against Rome, but subsequent recipient of Roman citizenship.
    [Show full text]
  • The Decline of Herod “The Great”
    THE DECLINE OF HEROD “THE GREAT” REMEMBER: • 19-18 BC – The Temple Shrine Building was completely renovated & magnificently adorned. • 19-12 BC – The Temple complex was greatly expanded & also magnificently adorned . 17 BC Herod visited Caesar Augustus at Rome. Upon his return, he brought back to Jerusalem with him his sons by the late Mariamne – Alexander (18 yrs) & Aristobulus (14 yrs), who had been educated at Rome. They were quite cold toward their father, owing to his role in their mother’s execution back in 29 BC. At Herod’s insistence, Agrippa (the second most powerful person in the Roman Republic/Empire) visited Judea on his way back to his administration of the eastern provinces (assigned 23-13 BC). 16-14 BC Herod, left Jerusalem & travelled into the region just north of the Black Sea in order to assist Agrippa with some difficulties there. Along the way he offered assistance to many citizens of the regions he passed through, typically out of his own pocket. Agrippa was greatly helped by Herod’s presence. 14 BC Returning to Rome’s Asia province, Herod convinced Agrippa to hear a legal appeal from the Jews of the region who were not being treated with the religious deference guaranteed them by Roman law. Agrippa upheld their rights & the two parted as great friends. Once back in Jerusalem, Herod gave the Jewish people a report of his recent travels. Then, since the financial affairs of Herod’s kingdom were so prosperous, he gave his people a 25 % cut in taxes. “So when he came to them, and gave them a particular account of all his journey, and of the affairs of all the Jews in Asia, how by his means they would live without injurious treatment for the time to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Herodian History of the Roman Empire Source 2: Aulus Gellius Attic
    insulae: how the masses lived Fires Romans Romans in f cus One of the greatest risks of living in the densely populated city of Rome, and particularly in insulae was that of fires. Fires broke out easily (due to people cooking on open flames), spread easily (due to buildings being constructed out of wood, and buildings being built so closely together) and were hard to control. Several times large parts of the city went up in flames. It was not unusual for imperial funds to make good losses of impoverished wealthy citizens in the wake of a fire. Source 1: Herodian History of the Roman Empire In this passage from Herodian riots have broken out in the city of Rome, and soldiers combatting civilians started setting fire to houses. The soldiers did, however, set fire to houses that had wooden balconies (and there were many of this type in the city). Because a great number of houses were made chiefly of wood, the fire spread very rapidly and without a break throughout most of the city. Many men who lost their vast and magnificent properties, valuable for the large incomes they produced and for their expensive decorations, were reduced from wealth to poverty. A great many people died in the fire, unable to escape because the exits had been blocked by the flames. All the property of the wealthy was looted when the criminal and worthless elements in the city joined with the soldiers in plundering. And the part of Rome destroyed by fire was greater in extent than the largest intact city in the empire.
    [Show full text]
  • (Ed.): Herodian: Geschichte Des Kaisertums Nach Marc Aurel: Griechisch Und Deutsch: Mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen Und Namenindex
    The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here F. L. Müller (ed.): Herodian: Geschichte des Kaisertums nach Marc Aurel: griechisch und deutsch: mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen und Namenindex. Pp. 359. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1996. Paper, DM 144. ISBN: 3­515­6862­7. Simon Corcoran The Classical Review / Volume 49 / Issue 01 / April 1999, pp 261 ­ 261 DOI: 10.1093/cr/49.1.261, Published online: 12 April 2006 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X99370037 How to cite this article: Simon Corcoran (1999). The Classical Review,49, pp 261­261 doi:10.1093/cr/49.1.261 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 144.82.107.43 on 10 Sep 2012 the classical review 261 F. L . M ller (ed.): Herodian: Geschichte des Kaisertums nach Marc Aurel: griechisch und deutsch: mit Einleitung, Anmerkungen und Namenindex. Pp. 359. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1996. Paper, DM 144. ISBN: 3-515-6862-7. Following his recent versions of Eutropius and Vegetius (see pp. 272–3 below), M.’s main aim in this edition of Herodian is the provision of an up-to-date German translation, filling the gap in recent modern language versions. In this M. succeeds perfectly well, with the facing- page translation set against the Greek text. This text relies heavily on earlier editions, with apparatus concentrated in six pages (pp. 27–32), listing with short comments divergences from Stavenhagen’s 1922 Teubner edition.
    [Show full text]
  • Dying by the Sword: Did the Severan Dynasty Owe Its Downfall to Its Ultimate Failure to Live up to Its Own Militaristic Identity?
    Dying by the Sword: Did the Severan dynasty owe its downfall to its ultimate failure to live up to its own militaristic identity? Exam Number: B043183 Master of Arts with Honours in Classical Studies Exam Number: B043183 1 Acknowledgements Warm thanks to Dr Matthew Hoskin for his keen supervision, and to Dr Alex Imrie for playing devil’s advocate and putting up with my daft questions. Thanks must also go to my family whose optimism and belief in my ability so often outweighs my own. Exam Number: B043183 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations 3 Introduction 4 Chapter One – Living by the Sword 6 Chapter Two – Dying by the Sword 23 Chapter Three – Of Rocky Ground and Great Expectations 38 Conclusion 45 Bibliography 48 Word Count: 14,000 Exam Number: B043183 3 List of Illustrations Fig. 1. Chart detailing the percentage of military coin types promoted by emperors from Pertinax to Numerian inclusive (Source: Manders, E. (2012), Coining Images of Power: Patterns in the Representation of Roman Emperors on Imperial Coinage, AD 193-284, Leiden, p. 65, fig. 17). Fig. 2. Portrait statue showing Caracalla in full military guise (Source: https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2016/08/02/worlds-only-single-piece-2nd-century- caracalla-statue-discovered-in-southern-turkey (Accessed 14/01/17). Fig. 3. Bust of Caracalla wearing sword strap and paludamentum (Source: Leander Touati, A.M. (1991), ‘Portrait and historical relief. Some remarks on the meaning of Caracalla’s sole ruler portrait’, in A.M. Leander Touati, E. Rystedt, and O. Wikander (eds.), Munusula Romana, Stockholm, 117-31, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Herod I, Flavius Josephus, and Roman Bathing
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts HEROD I, FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, AND ROMAN BATHING: HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN DIALOG A Thesis in History by Jeffrey T. Herrick 2009 Jeffrey T. Herrick Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts August 2009 The thesis of Jeffrey T. Herrick was reviewed and approved* by the following: Garrett G. Fagan Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies and History Thesis Advisor Paul B. Harvey Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, History, and Religious Studies, Head of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Ann E. Killebrew Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Jewish Studies, and Anthropology Carol Reardon Director of Graduate Studies in History; Professor of Military History *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT In this thesis, I examine the historical and archaeological evidence for the baths built in late 1st century B.C.E by King Herod I of Judaea (commonly called ―the Great‖). In the modern period, many and diverse explanations of Herod‘s actions have been put forward, but previous approaches have often been hamstrung by inadequate and disproportionate use of either form of evidence. My analysis incorporates both forms while still keeping important criticisms of both in mind. Both forms of evidence, archaeological and historical, have biases, and it is important to consider their nuances and limitations as well as the information they offer. In the first chapter, I describe the most important previous approaches to the person of Herod and evaluate both the theoretical paradigms as well as the methodologies which governed them.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Herod the Great, Founder of the Dynasty, Tried to Kill the Infant Jesus by the “Slaughter of the Innocents” at Bethlehem
    1. Herod the Great, founder of the dynasty, tried to kill the infant Jesus by the “slaughter of the innocents” at Bethlehem. (Matthew 2:13-16) 2. Herod Philip, uncle and first husband of Herodias, was not a ruler. (Matt. 14:3) 3. Herodias (Matt. 14:3) left Herod Philip to marry his half-brother Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee & Perea (Matt. 14:1). 4. John the Baptist rebuked Antipas for marrying Herodias, his brother’s wife, while his brother was still alive—against the law of Moses (Matt. 14:4). 5. Salome (Matt. 14:6) danced for Herod Antipas and, at Herodias’s direction, requested the beheading of John the Baptist. Later she married her great-uncle Philip the Tetrarch (Luke 3:1). 6. Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee &: Perea (Matt. 14:1) (r. 4 B.C.E.–39 C.E.), was Herodias’s uncle and second husband. After Salome’s dance and his rash promise, he executed John the Baptist. Much later he held part of Jesus’ trial (Luke 9:7; 13:31; 23:7). 7. Herod Archelaus, Ethnarch of Judea, Samaria and Idumea (Mat. 2:22) (r. 4 B.C.E.–6 C.E.), was replaced by a series of Roman governors, including Pontius Pilate (r. 26–36 C.E.). 8. Philip the Tetrarch of northern territories (Luke 3:1) (r. 4 B.C.E.–34 C.E.) later married Herodias’s daughter Salome, his grandniece. 9. King Herod Agrippa I (r. 37–44 C.E.) executed James the son of Zebedee and imprisoned Peter before his miraculous escape (Acts 12).
    [Show full text]
  • Gladiator from Screenplay to Screen
    NKL1 12/15/03 3:46 PM Page 1 chapter one Gladiator from Screenplay to Screen Jon Solomon Everyone interested in tracing the development of Gladiator has access to various sources: two preliminary versions of David Franzoni’s screen- play; several Internet interviews with Franzoni, director Ridley Scott, and co-producer Douglas Wick; the film itself; extra footage on its DVD issue; numerous comments on the World Wide Web; and, finally, the ancient historical sources for the life of the villainous Commodus – Cassius Dio, Herodian, and the Augustan History.1 The following essay offers a study of the development of Gladiator based on these sources, from its original artistic concept to its release version. To most of us, this may seem like a common or easy enough task: reading interviews with filmmakers, examining their notes or drafts, and finding additional material on a DVD or on the Web. But nothing could be further from the truth when these methods of research are applied to an ancient story. For example, Homer is not available for interviews, and we have none of Virgil’s notes or drafts. On his deathbed, Virgil report- edly requested his friends to burn the one copy of his not quite finished Aeneid, Rome’s national epic. We are fortunate to have his poem, but we cannot examine his notes or drafts. 1 The two drafts of the screenplay are published electronically at http://www.hundland. com/scripts/Gladiator_FirstDraft.txt (revised and dated April 4, 1998) and http://www. hundland.com/scripts/Gladiator_SecondDraft.txt (revised by John Logan and dated October 22, 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • THE SEVERAN DYNASTY Brian Campbell
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-30199-2 - The Cambridge Ancient History: Second Edition: Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193–337 Edited by Alan K. Bowman, Peter Garnsey and Averil Cameron Excerpt More information CHAPTER 1 THE SEVERAN DYNASTY brian campbell i. the background and accession of septimius severus After Commodus had been strangled on the evening of 31 December 192, the main instigators of the deed, Aemilius Laetus the praetorian prefect and Eclectus the chamberlain, immediately approached Pertinax. This was a wise choice. Pertinax held the eminent positions of consul II and prefect of the city, and a long career that had included the frequent command of soldiers and the governorship of four consular provinces had earned him a distinguished reputation. He sent a friend to check that Commodus was dead, and probably was genuinely unaware of any plan to kill the emperors.1 Despite some reservations among senators about Pertinax’sorigins as the son of an ex-slave, there was general approbation, especially since, in contrast to Commodus, Pertinax attempted to play down the autocratic and dynastic aspects of his position. Styling himself ‘princeps senatus’, he refused to name his wife Augusta or his son Caesar. In Pertinax’s view the purple was not his to bestow on others. He was affable and approachable; his integrity and benevolence in the conduct of his imperial duties contributed to an atmosphere free from terror, where freedom of speech could flourish. Informers were punished; the death penalty for treason was not invoked; public affairs were efficiently managed in the interests of the state.
    [Show full text]