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A Battle 2000 Years in the Making Luke 3:1-2

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John the Baptist A battle 2000 years in the making Luke 3:1-2 EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Luke 3 1 Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod was tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip was tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias was tetrarch of Abilene, 2 in the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zacharias, in the wilderness. EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Genesis 25 •19 Now these are the records of the generations of Isaac, Abraham’s son: Abraham became the father of Isaac; 20 and Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean of Paddan-aram, the sister of Laban the Aramean, to be his wife. 21 Isaac prayed to the Lord on behalf of his wife, because she was barren; and the Lord answered him and Rebekah his wife conceived. 22 But the children struggled together within her; and she said, “If it is so, why then am I this way?” So she went to inquire of the Lord. 23 The Lord said to her, “Two nations are in your womb; And two peoples will be separated from your body; And one people shall be stronger than the other; And the older shall serve the younger.” EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Genesis 25 24 When her days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her womb. 25 Now the first came forth red, all over like a hairy garment; and they named him Esau. 26 Afterward his brother came forth with his hand holding on to Esau’s heel, so his name was called Jacob; and Isaac was sixty years old when she gave birth to them. •27 When the boys grew up, Esau became a skillful hunter, a man of the field, but Jacob was a peaceful man, living in tents. 28 Now Isaac loved Esau, because he had a taste for game, but Rebekah loved Jacob. 29 When Jacob had cooked stew, Esau came in from the field and he was famished; 30 and Esau said to Jacob, “Please let me have a swallow of that red stuff there, for I am famished.” Therefore his name was called Edom. 31 But Jacob said, “First sell me your birthright.” 32 Esau said, “Behold, I am about to die; so of what use then is the birthright to me?” 33 And Jacob said, “First swear to me”; so he swore to him, and sold his birthright to Jacob. 34 Then Jacob gave Esau bread and lentil stew; and he ate and drank, and rose and went on his way. Thus Esau despised his birthright. EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Genesis 27 Jacob’s stolen blessing 26 Then his father Isaac said to him, “Please come close and kiss me, my son.” 27 So he came close and kissed him; and when he smelled the smell of his garments, he blessed him and said, “See, the smell of my son Is like the smell of a field which the Lord has blessed; 28 Now may God give you of the dew of heaven, And of the fatness of the earth, And an abundance of grain and new wine; 29 May peoples serve you, And nations bow down to you; Be master of your brothers, And may your mother’s sons bow down to you. Cursed be those who curse you, And blessed be those who bless you.” EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Genesis 27 Esau’s “blessing” 38 Esau said to his father, “Do you have only one blessing, my father? Bless me, even me also, O my father.” So Esau lifted his voice and wept. 39 Then Isaac his father answered and said to him, “Behold, away from the fertility of the earth shall be your dwelling, And away from the dew of heaven from above. 40 “By your sword you shall live, And your brother you shall serve; But it shall come about when you become restless, That you will break his yoke from your neck.” 41 So Esau bore a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing with which his father had blessed him; and Esau said to himself, “The days of mourning for my father are near; then I will kill my brother Jacob.” EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Obadiah •1 The vision of Obadiah. Thus says the Lord God concerning Edom— We have heard a report from the Lord, And an envoy has been sent among the nations saying, “Arise and let us go against her for battle”— •8 “Will I not on that day,” declares the Lord, “Destroy wise men from Edom And understanding from the mountain of Esau? 9 “Then your mighty men will be dismayed, O Teman, So that everyone may be cut off from the mountain of Esau by slaughter. 10 “Because of violence to your brother Jacob, You will be covered with shame, And you will be cut off forever. •18 “Then the house of Jacob will be a fire And the house of Joseph a flame; But the house of Esau will be as stubble. And they will set them on fire and consume them, So that there will be no survivor of the house of Esau,” For the Lord has spoken. EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Antipater I the Idumaean •…was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. According to Josephus, he was the son of Antipas and had formerly held that name. •A native of Idumaea, southeast of Judea between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba, which during the time of the Hebrew Bible had been known as the land of Edom, Antipater became a powerful official under the later Hasmonean kings and subsequently became a client of the Roman general Pompey the Great when Pompey conquered Judea in the name of Roman Republic. •When Julius Caesar defeated Pompey, Antipater rescued Caesar in Alexandria, and was made chief minister of Judea, with the right to collect taxes. Antipater eventually made his sons Phasaelus and Herod the Governors of Jerusalem and Galilee respectively. After the assassination of Caesar, Antipater was forced to side with Gaius Cassius Longinus against Mark Antony. The pro-Roman politics of Antipater led to his increasing unpopularity among the devout, non-Hellenized Jews. He died by poison. •The diplomacy and artful politics of Antipater, as well as his insinuation into the Hasmonean court, paved the way for the rise of his son Herod the Great, who used this position to marry the Hasmonean princess Mariamne, endear himself to Rome and become king of Judea under Roman influence. Wikipedia EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Lineage Abraham Isaac ~2000BC or ~1850BC Esau Jacob Edom Israel Idumea David Herods JB & Jesus EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Genesis 27 Esau’s “blessing” 40 “By your sword you shall live, And your brother you shall serve; But it shall come about when you become restless, That you will break his yoke from your neck.” 41 So Esau bore a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing with which his father had blessed him; and Esau said to himself, “The days of mourning for my father are near; then I will kill my brother Jacob.” EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Timing Luke 1:5 In the days of Herod (the Great), king of Judea, there was a priest named Zacharias, of the division of Abijah; and he had a wife from the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth. Luke 2:1 Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus, that a census be taken of all the inhabited earth. 2 This was the first census taken while Quirinius was governor of Syria. EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Wives & Children of Herod the Great Wife Children Doris son Antipater II, executed 4 BC Mariamne I, daughter of Hasmonean Alexandros, son Alexander, executed 7 BC Daughter executed 29 BC son Aristobulus IV, executed 7 BC Herodias daughter Salampsio daughter Cypros Mariamne II, daughter of High-Priest Simon son Herod II (Philip I) Malthace Wife Herodias son Herod Archelaus – ethnarch (Judea) son Herod Antipas – tetrarch (Galilee) daughter Olympias Cleopatra of Jerusalem son Philip the Tetrarch (Ituraea) (Herod Philip II) son Herod Pallas son Phasael Phaidra daughter Roxanne Elpis daughter Salome a cousin (name unknown) no known children a niece (name unknown) no knownEUAGGELION children KATA LOUKAN EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Annas & Caiaphas Annas was appointed by the Roman legate Quirinius as the first High Priest of the newly formed Roman province of Iudaea in 6 A.D; just after the Romans had deposed Archelaus, Ethnarch of Judaea, thereby putting Judaea directly under Roman rule. Annas officially served as High Priest for ten years (6–15 A.D.), when at the age of 36 he was deposed by the procurator Gratus. Yet while having been officially removed from office, he remained as one of the nation's most influential political and social individuals, aided greatly by the use of his five sons and his son-in-law Caiaphas as puppet High Priests. Wikipedia EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Political Overview chart EUAGGELION KATA LOUKAN Bible Roman Empire Abilene / Abila Ituraea and Judea Galilee & High Priest in Trachonitis Samaria Perea Jerusalem Idumea ?Jesus' Julie Caesar 47 Antipater the Idumean Herod the Hyrcanus II grandparents? 46 Great (restored), 63- 45 (son of 40 BC Marc Antony, 44 Antipater) Marc Lepidus, 43 Octavian 42 41 40 Antigonus, son 39 of Aristobulus 38 II, 40-37 BC 37 Herod the Great Ananelus 36 37BC-4BC/1BC Aristobulus III (Hasmonean, brother of Herod's second wife Mariamne I) 35 Ananelus 34 33 32 31 30 Joshua ben 29 Fabus 28 Caesar Augustus 27 Herod the Great 27BC-14AD 26 37BC-4BC/1BC ?Jesus' 25 parents born First Roman 24 in Galilee? Emporer, aka 23 Simon ben Octavian 22 Boethus, 23-5 21 BC (his 20 daughter 19 Mariamne II Bible Roman Empire Abilene / Abila Ituraea and Judea Galilee & High Priest in Trachonitis Samaria Perea Jerusalem Idumea 18 was third wife 17 of Herod the 16 Great) 15 14 Son-in-law 13 Herod the Great Herod Philip I 12 37BC-4BC/1BC wife Herodias, 11 who initiated 10 her own 9 divorce, taking 8 daughter Angel visits 7 Salome with Jesus & JB 6 her.
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  • View of Late Antiquity In

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    ARAM, 23 (2011) 489-508. doi: 10.2143/ARAM.23.0.2959670 WALLS OF THE DECAPOLIS Dr. ROBERT SMITH (Mid-Atlantic Christian University) Walls were important to the citizens of the Decapolis cities.1 While the world- view of Late Antiquity interpreted the rise and fall of cities as ultimately being the result of divine intervention, the human construction of defensive walls was still a major civic concern. Walls, like temples, honored a city’s patron deities and fostered a sense of local identity and well-being. These structures, long a bulwark of independence and status for cities in the Levant,2 were present in the Hellenizing pre-Decapolis cities, permitted in the Decapolis during the Roman period and were promoted during the subsequent Byzantine period as well. Instead of fostering local rebellion against a distant Rome or later Con- stantinople, the construction of Decapolis city walls, like other components of the imperial architectural palette, was a strategic asset that served to cultur- ally unify the region’s ethnically and linguistically diverse population.3 The “spiritual walls” of cultural solidarity, established in Hellenism and continued by Rome, together with the physical walls of the Decapolis cities helped to preserve their identities for centuries. The Roman and Byzantine empires depended upon strong loyal cities like those of the Decapolis to sustain their rule in the Levant. WALLS OF PRE-DECAPOLIS CITIES IN THE PRE-ROMAN ERA Cities that would be counted as part of the Decapolis in the Roman Era were typically established in the Hellenistic era on the remains of ancient settle- ments.