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The Phantom Menace: the F-4 in Air Combat in Vietnam
THE PHANTOM MENACE: THE F-4 IN AIR COMBAT IN VIETNAM Michael W. Hankins Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS August 2013 APPROVED: Robert Citino, Major Professor Michael Leggiere, Committee Member Christopher Fuhrmann, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Hankins, Michael W. The Phantom Menace: The F-4 in Air Combat in Vietnam. Master of Science (History), August 2013, 161 pp., 2 illustrations, bibliography, 84 titles. The F-4 Phantom II was the United States' primary air superiority fighter aircraft during the Vietnam War. This airplane epitomized American airpower doctrine during the early Cold War, which diminished the role of air-to-air combat and the air superiority mission. As a result, the F-4 struggled against the Soviet MiG fighters used by the North Vietnamese Air Force. By the end of the Rolling Thunder bombing campaign in 1968, the Phantom traded kills with MiGs at a nearly one-to-one ratio, the worst air combat performance in American history. The aircraft also regularly failed to protect American bombing formations from MiG attacks. A bombing halt from 1968 to 1972 provided a chance for American planners to evaluate their performance and make changes. The Navy began training pilots specifically for air combat, creating the Navy Fighter Weapons School known as "Top Gun" for this purpose. The Air Force instead focused on technological innovation and upgrades to their equipment. The resumption of bombing and air combat in the 1972 Linebacker campaigns proved that the Navy's training practices were effective, while the Air Force's technology changes were not, with kill ratios becoming worse. -
Armenian Journalism Since 15 12
By Karlen Mooradian The Press and the Sword: Armenian Journalism Since 1512 Among the first to use the press Persians, Alexander and Caesar, the to fight for nationalism, these Byzantines and Arabians, Genghis freedom-loving pioneers founded Khan and Tamerlane, and the Turks and Tsars. They founded printing and printing in the Near East; journalism in the Near East, influenced influenced Soviet journalism; Soviet journalism, and quite possibly and despite war, genocide, and were the first to use the printing press persecution, operated an effective as a purely nationalistic vehicle. international communications net Though the Armenoid Sumerians in 3500 B.C. invented writing, the earliest across five continents. school, and the cylinder seal which might rank as the initial form of print- *The Armenians have set up in the ing, the Armenians adopted these 1500 world's four quarters perhaps more years later at a time when other journals per capita than any other Armenoid relatives (Subarians, Ela- people. Their press network numbers mites, Minoans, Kassites, Hurrians, in the thousands and extends from the Mitanni, Urartians, Hittites, Phrygians, Far East to North and South America Lycians, Lydians, Etruscans) had either and from Europe and the Near East to begun writing or were about to. Dis- Africa and Oceania. It has been operat- tinct stages of Armenian proto- ing for 459 years. journalism led to the dawn of the Mysterious Armenia-land of the Armenian printing age. Tigris and Euphrates, Mount Ararat The Beverugir, or cuneiform record- and Lakes Van, Seven and Urmia, the ing era (2000-6OO B.C.) , systematized biblical Eden-is the only country recording and education and created an which helped create both Near Eastern alliance between scribes and empire. -
Born in the USSR: Children Vs
SLOVO, VOL. 28, NO. 2(SPRING 2016), 69-84. DOI: 10.14324/111. 0954-6839.046 Born in the USSR: Children vs. Ideology and the Impact of Database Cinema DARIA SHEMBEL San Diego State University INTRODUCTION In 2012, state-controlled television channel Russia 1 chose prime time on September 1, when schools celebrate Knowledge Day, to premiere the fourth installment of Born in the USSR. The documentary series launched in the Soviet Union in 1989 and was based on the same premise as Michael Apted’s acclaimed UK-based project Up Series that tracked the lives of 14 British children at seven-year intervals starting from 1964. Since 1989, when Born in the USSR introduced a group of 20 seven-year old children from different parts of the Soviet Union, the series, directed by the leading Russian documentarian Sergei Miroshnichenko, has released four episodes. Given that the first two segments of Born in the USSR aired only on cable channels late at night and without promotion, the fact that the fourth installment was granted such auspicious airtime is rather conspicuous. Why the sudden change of heart? In the first two installments, we observe those portrayed advance into adolescence and young adulthood during chaotic and painful social and economic changes in a country on the brink of disaster. Severe ethnic rioting, stores routinely lacking milk, bread, and meat, political turmoil, a sharp rise in poverty, and rampant drug and alcohol abuse were not an ideal showcase of the country’s chosen path. And the participants in the project are not shown rising above their circumstances. -
Collector Coins of the Republic of Armenia 2020”
CENTRAL BANK OF ARMENIA OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA YEREVAN2021 Martin Galstyan Governor Central Bank of Armenia Dear reader, We are pleased to present the annual journal “Collector Coins of the Republic of Armenia 2020”. In 2020, as had become customary, the Central Bank of Armenia issued a number of collector coins to celebrate anniversaries of famous individuals: the 100th birth anniversaries of world-renowned French-Armenians Henri Verneuil (a filmmaker) and Jansem (painter), the 125th birth anniversary of the famous Armenian actor Hrachya Nersisyan and the 150th birth anniversary of the talented painter Yeghishe Tadevosyan. Each of these great individuals hold a special place in the history of both Armenian and the world culture thanks to their success and accomplishments in the field of cinema, theater and painting. Another important anniversary we celebrated in 2020 was the 150 years of birth of Gevorg Chavush, a hero of the Armenian national liberation movement. On this occasion, the Central Bank of Armenia issued the “Gevorg Chavush-150” 2 CENTRAL BANK OF ARMENIA collector coin, adding to the series of collector coins dedicated to Armenian commanders from different periods in history. Celebrating the 75th anniversary of victory over the Nazi Germany and its allies in the Great Patriotic War was a remarkable event for the people of the former USSR. The Central Bank of Armenia was among central banks of the former Soviet countries to have issued the collector coin dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the victory, thus once again highlighting the role of the sons of Armenia, who heroically fought against the enemy and contributed greatly to the victory. -
B44/Women and Military Service
b44/Women and Military Service Women and Military Service A History, Analysis, and Overview of Key Issues M. C. Devilbiss Senior Research Fellow Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama November 1990 DISCLAIMER Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. Table of Contents Contact: Air University Press Last updated: 1998 October 16 [ AU Press Home Page | Contents ] http://www.maxwell.af.mil/au/oas/aupress/b-44/b44.htm [5/2/2001 11:06:30] b44/Women and Military--Frames for b44 Contents Women and Military Service Chapter A History, Analysis, and Overview of Key Issues DISCLAIMER by DEDICATION FOREWORD M. C. Devilbiss, PhD Senior Research Fellow ABOUT THE AUTHOR PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORICAL PATTERNS AND RECENT POLICY SHIFTS 2 ANALYSIS: MAJOR INSTRUMENTS AND PATTERNS OF CHANGE Air University Press 3 OVERVIEW OF KEY Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama ISSUES: MAJOR November 1990 PROBLEMS REMAINING APPENDIX REFERENCES Illustrations [ Order Form ] [Air University Press Home Page | Feedback? Email to Air University Press ] http://www.maxwell.af.mil/au/oas/aupress/b-44/b44frame.htm [5/2/2001 11:06:30] b44/Women and Military Service--Disclaimer Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. -
Major Contributor to the Evolution of Aircraft Design
MAE 371 Yuan ● MAE371-ch2.pdf ● MAE371-ch3.pdf ● Shear flow in open thin-walled beams.pdf ● Homework ❍ Hr#1 formula.pdf ● Homework Solutions: ● Exams: ❍ 1st hr exam MAE371, 2001 ❍ 1st hr exam MAE371, 2002 ❍ 2nd hr exam sample Major Contributors to the Evolution of Aircraft Design Oleg Antonov Ed Heinemann John K. Northrop Walter Beech Ernst Heinkel Hans von Ohain Lawrence Dale Bell Stanley Hiller Frank Piasecki Louis Blériot V. I. Ilyushin William Piper William Edward Boeing Clarence L. "Kelly" Johnson Arthur Raymond George de Bothezat Hugo Junkers Alliot Verdon Roe Louis Charles Breguet Charles Kaman Burt Rutan George Cayley "Dutch" Kindelberger Igor Sikorsky Clyde V. Cessna Samuel P. Langley Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev Octave Chanute William P. Lear Chance B. Vought Juan de la Cierva Otto Lilienthal Barnes Wallis Paul Cornu Alexander M. Lippisch Fred Weick Glenn Curtiss Paul MacCready Richard T. Whitcomb Marcel Dassault Glenn L. Martin Frank Whittle Geoffrey DeHavilland James S. McDonnel, Jr. Orville Wright & Wilbur Wright Claudius Dornier Willy Messerschmitt Alexander Sergeivitch Yakovlev Donald W. Douglas Artem Mikoyan Arthur Young Anton Flettner Mikhail Mil - Henrich Focke Reginald Mitchell - Anthony H. G. Fokker Sanford Moss - Oleg Constantinovitch Antonov (1906-1984) (by Jeffrey Arthur) Designer, academician, one of the founders of the soviet gliders. In early years designed glider OKA-1, -2, -3, Standart-1, -2, City of Lenin. Upon graduation from Leningrad Polytechnic (1930) - chief of glider KB of Osavaichim in Moscow, 1933-38 designer at glider factory in Tushino. Designed more than 30 types of gliders, including UPAR, Us-1, Us-4, BS-3, -4, -5, Rot-Front-1 through -7, IP, RE, M, BA-1. -
Pestel Analysis of Russia
A Global Country Study Report On Russia Submitted to Institute Code: 769 Institute Name: GIDC Rajju Shroff ROFEL Institute of Management Studies Vapi In partial Fulfilment of the Requirement of the award for the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) By Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad Prepared by: Students of MBA (Semester - III and IV) PART – I OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS & TRADE IN RUSSIA DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RUSSIA Population – 138,739,892 (July 2011 est.) Age structure – 0-14 years: 15.2% (male 10,818,203/female 10,256,611) 15-64 years: 71.8% (male 47,480,851/female 52,113,279) 65 years and over: 13% (male 5,456,639/female 12,614,309) (2011 est.) Median age – Total: 38.7 years Male: 35.5 years Female: 41.9 years (2011 est.) Population growth rate – 0.47% (2011 est.) Birth rate – 11.05 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) Death rate – 16.04 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) Urbanization – Urban population: 73% of total population (2010) Rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) Sex ratio – At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female Under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.44 male(s)/female Total population ratio: 0.85 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Infant mortality rate – Total: 10.08 deaths/1,000 live births Male: 11.58 deaths/1,000 live births Female: 8.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.) Life expectancy at birth – Total population: 66.29 years Male: 59.8 years Female: 73.17 years (2011 est.) Ethnic groups – Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, -
Birds of a Feather? How Politics and Culture Affected the Designs of the U.S
Birds of a Feather? How Politics and Culture Affected the Designs of the U.S. Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buran by Stephen J. Garber Candidate for master's degree in Science and Technology Studies Virginia Tech - Northern Virginia campus Committee: Dr. Gary Downey (chair), Dr. Anne Fitzpatrick, Dr. Richard Hirsh January 2002 Keywords: Space Shuttle, Buran, technological style 1 1 1 Contents Chapter 1: Introduction p. 3 -The Political and Cultural Factors Argument -Background on the Two Shuttles -Literature Review Chapter 2: How Technology and Politics Intertwined p. 9 -The U.S. Shuttle's Development -Energiya-Buran Development Chapter 3: The Impact of Culture p. 25 -U.S. Technological Style and the Space Shuttle -Soviet Technological Style and the Energiya-Buran Chapter 4: Summary and Conclusions p. 43 Appendices: I. Key U.S. Figures p. 46 II. Key Soviet Figures p. 47 III. U.S. Bibliography p. 48 IV. Soviet Bibliography p. 54 V. Chronology p. 60 VI. Glossary p. 61 VII. Curriculum Vitae p. 62 2 2 2 Chapter One: Introduction -The Political and Cultural Factors Argument What can we learn from comparing similar technologies that were designed and built in different countries or cultures? Technical products depend upon both technical and non- technical goals as socio-cultural factors determine which projects get funded and how they are conceived, designed, and built. These qualitative socio-cultural factors mean that there is almost always more than one possible design solution for a particular problem. By comparing how two major space projects were conceptualized and designed in the United States and Soviet Union, this case study aims to illuminate more broadly how political and cultural factors can influence the selection of technical designs, as well as the general conduct of engineering and science, in the space sector. -
Vayu Issue I Jan Feb 2012
I/2012 ARerospace &Defence eview Rafale selected as M-MRCA No 14 Squadron turns 60 India’s ‘Look East’ Policy ‘Chinisation’ of the PAF Israeli Missiles for India MiG-21 Upgrade saga CFM I/2012 I/2012 Aerospace &Defence Review 38 The ‘Look East’ Policy 46 ‘Chinisation’ of the Strategic importance of the Pakistan Air Force Asia-Pacific region is examined Shalini Chawla, Senior Fellow by Lt Gen Kamal Davar, former with CAPS writes on the head of the Defence Intelligence modernisation of Pakistan’s Air Agency, who reviews the Force, primarily with assistance Rafale selected as M-MRCA No 14 Squadron turns 60 challenges and opportunities for India’s ‘Look East’ Policy ‘Chinisation’ of the PAF from China, which includes customer for the Airbus A330 Israeli Missiles for India MiG-21 Upgrade saga India, indeed also for the United substantial numbers of 4th MRTT. A Vayu exclusive. States, in context of China’s generation fighters, AEW&C military growth. A significant Cover : The Dassault Rafale aircraft and maritime patrol aspect of India’s LEP has been (photo courtesy Dassault) aircraft. The JF-17 Thunder the enlargement of cooperation The Tortuous MiG-21 will arguably become the most 76 with ASEAN nations, even as familiar shape in Pakistan’s skies Upgrade Saga there are new initiatives with over the next decades, but, In his series on ‘Testing Times’, EDITORIAL PANEL Australia. in a reflection of real politik, Air Marshal Philip Rajkumar the PAF has also received new recalls the evolution of the IAF’s MANAGING EDITOR block F-16s, C-130s and P-3Cs MiG-21 fleet from the early Vikramjit Singh Chopra from the USA. -
AU-1 Air University Style and Author Guide
Air University Style and Author Guide Second Edition Air University Press Air Force Research Institute Project Editor ISBN 978-1-58566-254-8 Marvin Bassett Published by Air University Press in April 2015 Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations L. Susan Fair Composition and Prepress Production Michele D. Harrell Vivian D. O’Neal Print Preparation and Distribution Diane Clark AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS Director and Publisher Allen G. Peck Editor in Chief Disclaimer Oreste M. Johnson The Air University Style and Author Guide provides guidance on writing, editing, and publishing matters related to official publi- Managing Editor cations of Air University. However, it is not directive and should Demorah Hayes not be considered official Air Force or Department of Defense Design and Production Manager policy. This publication is cleared for public release and unlim- Cheryl King ited distribution. Air University Press 155 N. Twining St., Bldg. 693 Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6026 [email protected] http://aupress.au.af.mil/ http://afri.au.af.mil/ AFRI Air Force Research Institute ii Contents FOREWORD v PREFACE vii NOTE ON CHANGES TO THE SECOND EDITION ix Part 1 Air University Style Guide for Writers and Editors 1.0 Terms and Usage 3 2.0 Abbreviations 29 3.0 Grammar and Punctuation 61 3.1 Grammar 61 3.2 Punctuation 71 4.0 Mechanics 85 4.1 Capitalization 85 4.2 Spelling and Word Formation 103 4.3 Numbers 119 4.4 Italics 127 4.5 Display Dots 133 5.0 Documentation 135 Appendix A Note Citations 145 B Bibliographic Entries 169 -
Western Aviation and the Chinese Air Force, 1931-1941
ICARUS IN CHINA: WESTERN AVIATION AND THE CHINESE AIR FORCE, 1931-1941 A thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School of Western Carolina University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History By John Alexander Lance Director: Dr. David Dorondo Associate Professor of History History Department Committee Members: Dr. Gael Graham, History Dr. Alexander Macaulay, History July 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract……………………………………………………………………............3 Introduction……………………………………………...………….……...….......5 Chapter One: American Missionaries of the Air………………………….……...13 Chapter Two: The Soviet Union and the “Aviation Revolution”……….………..24 Chapter Three: U.S. and Soviet Aviation in China, 1937-1940...………………..48 Chapter Four: Two Failed Airpower Missions in China………….………...……68 Bibliography……………………………………………………………...…….....81 ABSTRACT ICARUS IN CHINA: WESTERN AVIATION AND THE CHINESE AIR FORCE, 1931-1941 John Alexander Lance, M.A. Western Carolina University (July 2014) Director: Dr. David Dorondo Between 1931 and 1941, General Jiang Jieshi (commonly referred to as “Chiang Kai-Shek” in the West) and the Chinese Nationalists—the Guomindang—battled internal rivals, as well as Japanese military forces, for control of China. Even though Jiang Jieshi was able to consolidate most of the aviation assets inside China under his command, the Japanese Imperial Army and Navy possessed large numbers of domestically produced aircraft and the well-trained aircrew needed to operate them. While the Chinese Nationalist armies could offset Japanese ground forces with superior numbers and strategic defense-in-depth, the Chinese Air Force was completely unprepared for extended operations against Japanese fighters and bombers. In an effort to close this aviation gap with the Japanese, the Chinese Nationalists employed a wide variety of European and American aviation advisors to improve the effectiveness of the Chinese Air Force. -
Inventions and Their Inventors A
Inventions and their Inventors A Vitaly Abalakov (1906–1986), Russia – camming devices, Abalakov thread (or V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor Ernst Karl Abbe (1840–1905), Germany – Condenser (microscope), apochromatic lens, refractometer Hovannes Adamian (1879–1932), USSR/Russia – tricolor principle of the color television Samuel W. Alderson (1914–2005), U.S. – Crash test dummy Alexandre Alexeieff (1901–1982), Russia/France – Pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker) Rostislav Alexeyev (1916–1980), Russia/USSR – Ekranoplan Randi Altschul (born 1960), U.S. – Disposable cellphone Bruce Ames (born 1928), U.S. – Ames test (Cell biology) Giovanni Battista Amici (1786–1863), Italy – Dipleidoscope, Amici prism Ruth Amos (born 1989), UK – StairSteady Mary Anderson (1866–1953), U.S. – windshield wiper blade Momofuku Ando (1910–2007), Japan – Instant noodles Hal Anger (1920–2005), U.S. – Well counter (radioactivity measurements), gamma camera Anders Knutsson Ångström (1888–1981), Sweden – Pyranometer Ottomar Anschütz (1846–1907), Germany – single-curtain focal-plane shutter, electrotachyscope Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe (1872–1931), Germany – Gyrocompass Virginia Apgar (1909–1974), U.S. – Apgar score (for newborn babies) Nicolas Appert (1749–1841), France – canning (food preservation) using glass bottles, see also Peter Durand Archimedes (c. 287–212 BC), Greece – Archimedes' screw Guido of Arezzo (c. 991–c. 1033), Italy – Guidonian hand, musical notation, see also staff (music) Ami Argand (1750–1803), France – Argand lamp William George Armstrong (1810–1900), UK – hydraulic accumulator Neil Arnott (1788–1874), UK – waterbed Joseph Aspdin (1788–1855), UK – Portland cement John Vincent Atanasoff (1903–1995), Bulgaria/U.S. – electronic digital computer 1 Inventions and their Inventors B Charles Babbage (1791–1871), UK – Analytical engine (semi-automatic) Tabitha Babbit (1779–1853), U.S.