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The Acts of the Apostles—Chapters Xiii eisistsisisisisisisisisisisias i UtMmi ufJ i i qWEWBtCBB Mmjwww i ii . w, iim , i n UJMJMU Hand-Boo FOR IBLE CLAS! Aim-Rams Students Acts of the Apostle Chaps,xih-end. Prof.Lin dsay.D.D, T • C LARK BS 417 . \ ^antiboofts; for Bible Classes anti $rtuate ^tutient*. EDITED BY REV. MARCUS DODS, D.D., AND REV. ALEXANDER WHYTE, D.D. IN PREPARATION. THE SABBATH. By Rev. Professor Salmon d, D.D., Aberdeen. ' THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. JOHN. By Rev. George Reith, M.A., Glasgow. [Shortly. THE BOOK OF ACTS. By Rev. Professor Lindsay, D.D., Glasgow. Part II., Chaps, xiii. to xxviii. [Shortly THE FIRST EPISTLE TO THE CORINTHIANS. By Rev. Marcus Dods, D.D., Glasgow. THE EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS. By Rev. James Mellis, M.A., Southport. THE EPISTLE TO THE COLOSSIANS. By Rev. Simeon R. Macphail, M.A., Liverpool. CHURCH AND STATE. By A. Taylor Innes, Esq., Advocate, Edin- burgh. CHRISTIAN ETHICS. By Rev. Professor Lindsay, D.D., Glasgow. THE WORK OF THE SPIRIT. By Rev. Professor Candlish, D.D. APOLOGETICS. By Rev. James Iverach, M.A., Aberdeen. TnE BOOK OF EXODUS. By James Macgrecor, D.D., late of New College, Edinburgh. THE DOCTRINE OF SIN. By Rev. Professor Candlish, D.D. ISAIAH. By Rev. Professor Emslie, M.A., London. [For Volumes already issued See next page. HANDBOOKS FOR BIBLE CLASSES. NOW READY. THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS. By James Macgregor, D.D., late of New College, Edinburgh. Price is. 6d. THE POST-EXILIAN PROPHETS. With Introductions and Notes. By Rev. Marcus Dods, D.D., Glasgow. Price 2s. A LIFE OF CHEIST. By Rev. James Stalker, M.A. Price is. 6d. THE SACRAMENTS. By Rev. Professor Candlish, D.D. Price is. 6d. THE BOOKS OF CHRONICLES. By Rev. Professor Murphy, LL.D., Belfast. Price is. 6d. THE CONFESSION OF FAITH. By Rev. John Macpherson, M.A., Findhorn. Price 2s. THE BOOK OF JUDGES. By Rev. Principal Douglas, D.D. Price is. 3d. THE BOOK OF JOSHUA. By Rev. Principal Douglas, D.D. Price is. 6d. THE EPISTLE TO THE HEBREWS. By Rev. Professor Davidson, D.D., Edinburgh. Price 2s. 6d. SCOTTISH CHURCH HISTORY. By Rev. N. L. Walker. Price is. 6d. THE CHURCH. By Rev. Prof. Binnie, D.D., Aberdeen. Price is. 6d. THE REFORMATION. By Rev. Professor Lindsay, D.D. Price 2s. THE BOOK OF GENESIS. By Rev. Marcus Dods, D.D. Price 2s. THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. By Rev. Principal Brown, D.D.. Aberdeen. Price 2s. PRESBYTERIANISM. By Rev. John Macpherson, M. A. Price is. 6d. LESSONS ON THE LIFE OF CHRIST. By Rev. Wm. Scrymgeour, Glasgow. Price 2s. 6d. THE SHORTER CATECHISM. By Rev. Alexander Whyte, D.D., Edinburgh. Price 2s. 6d. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. MARK. By Rev. Professor Lindsay, D.D., Glasgow. Price 2s. 6d. A SHORT HISTORY OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. By George Smith, LL. D. , F. R. G. S. Price 2s. 6d. A LIFE OF ST. PAUL. By Rev. James Stalker, M.A. Price is. 6d. PALESTINE. With Maps. By Rev. Arch. Henderson, M.A., Crieff. Price 2s. 6d. THE BOOK OF ACTS. By Rev. Professor Lindsay, D.D. Part I., Chaps. 1. to xii. Price is. 6d. — Part II., Chaps, xiii. to end. Price is. 6d. HANDBOOKS FOR BIBLE CLASSES AND PRIVATE STUDENTS. EDITED EY REV. MARCUS DODS, D.D., AND REV. ALEXANDER WHYTE, D.D. THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES—CHAPTERS XIII. -XX VIII. BY THOMAS M. LINDSAY, D.D. EDINBURGH: T. & T. CLARK, 3 3 GEORGE STREET. PRINTED EY MORRISON AND GH'.B, FOR T. & T. CLARK, EDINBURGH. LONDON, HAMILTON, ADAMS, AND CO. DUBLIN GEORGE HERBERT. NEW YORK, .... SCEIBNER AND WELFORD. THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, WITH INTRODUCTION, MAPS, AND NOTES. THOMAS M. LINDSAY, D.D., f'KOFESSOK OF DIVINITY AND CHURCH HISTORY, FREE CHURCH COLLEGE, GLASGOW. VOL. II. ( CI1A PTERS XIIL -XX VIII. ) EDINBURGH: T. & T. CLARK, 38 GEORGE STREET. PREFACE. This little Commentary makes no pretension to be anything else than an aid to teachers of Bible classes and to private students of the Bible. In my Commentary on the first twelve chapters I have called attention to the various introductory matters which help to the understanding of the Book—its aim; its author; when, where, and for whom written ; the earlier missionary journeys ; the world, social and religious, lying round the Book ; and the condition of the Jews in Palestine and of the Dispersion—and have not thought it necessary to go over the same ground again. Two very important critical questions are suggested more particularly by the second part of the Book of Acts : —(i) The solution of the problem of the early Christian Church, how to reconcile the commandments of Moses with the new law of liberty taught by Jesus; (2) and the result of the discussion of this problem in the two parties within the Christian Church. The Introduction to this Commentary on chapters xiii.-xxviii. is mainly occupied with these questions. Thomas M. Lindsay. Free Church College, Glasgow, September 1885. , CONTENTS. PACK Introduction, I I The Problem of the Apostolic Church, II The Problem had to be solved by Jewish Christians, 14 Our Lord pointed out the Solution of the Problem, 16 16 {a) The Law of the Sabbath, (b) The Law of Ceremonial Purification, 17 17 (t) The Law of Divorce, .... iS {<?) What was of Permanent Obligation, The Original Disciples and their Solution of the Probl 18 19 James, the Brother of the Lord, . Peter, 19 20 John in the Apocalypse, Paul on the Conflict between Judaism and Christianity 21 Paul's Solution of the Problem, . 23 Paul and the Three, .... 26 The Acts on the Conflict between Judaism and Christ anily 29 The Conference at Jerusalem, 30 Further Conflicts, .... 31 Analysis of Chapters xiii.-xxviii. 34 Chronological Summary, . 37 Genealogical Table of the Herod Famil) 33,39 The Commentary, .... 4i Index, 159 Paul, Map to show the First and Second Missionary Journeys of St. 40 Map to show the Third Missionary Journey, and the Voyage to Rome, 93 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. XIII.-XXVIII. INTRODUCTION. 1 The Problem of the Apostolic Church. No attentive reader of the Acts of the Apostles can have failed to note that one of the great difficulties which forced itself on the early Apostolic Church, was how to reconcile the commandments of Moses with the new law of liberty which was an essential element in the Catholic Church of Jesus Christ, nor to see that the solution of this problem was not accomplished without divisions among the brethren and many painful conflicts. Modern criticism has expended much investigation on the matter, and has in particular raised the question whether the book of the Acts gives a trustworthy account of the way in which the Church acted, or whether the conflict provoked was not much deeper and deadlier than the writer persuades his readers to believe. Ever since Ferdinand Christian Baur published, in 1831, his celebrated article on The Christ Party in the Corinthian Church, the theory that there was a deep-seated opposition between Jewish and Gentile Christianity has been used to discredit the authenticity of many of the New Testament writings, and among them of the Acts of the Apostles. In the Introduction to chapters I. -XI I., reference was made to this theory and its effects 1 For the general introduction to the Acts of the Apostles, the reader is referred to my Acts of the Apostles, chapters I.-XIL, published in this series. 12 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. : on the aim and date of composition of the book. ' The special position of the Tubingen school has been very generally abandoned, but its criticism of particular books, their authe iticity, his- torical credibility, and date, are still not without influence. According to Zeller and other critics, two parties existed in the Apostolic Church in irreconcilable opposition, the Jewish and the Gentile Christians. Jewish Christians asserted that their faith was Judaism with a new Prophet, that the Law of Moses and Mosaic cere- monial practices were binding on Christians as well as on unbelieving Jews, that Gentile believers must first become proselytes to Judaism before they could become Christians, that circumcision was the only gateway to baptism. Gentile Christianity, on the other hand, refused to admit this, was intolerant of Mosaic injunctions, and insisted on starting with the New Testament, or if it admitted the Old Testa- ment at all, put value only on the prophetic element. These differences within the Church were also represented, it is said, within the College of the Apostles. At the head of intolerant Jewish Christianity stood Peter, John, and James ; at the head of intolerant Gentile Christianity stood Paul. As years went on, a middle party gradually grew up, which became the Catholic Church of Christ : some members of this middle party, wishing to show that it had always been in the Church, wrote the Acts of the Apostles, making Peter on occasions speak words and utter sentiments which only one holding Paul's opinions could have made, and showing Paul accept- ing compromises and submitting to conditions repugnant to his declared convictions. The question arises, What historical evidence is there for these sweeping assertions ? When examined, it is ludicrously small. Stript of the glamour of erudition and of historical imagination, the real basis of this Tubingen theory is as follows. There were undoubtedly in the second century Jewish Christian sectaries bitterly opposed to all Gentile Christianity, who claimed St. Peter as their special Apostle ; and there were Gentile Christians such as Marcion, outside the Christian Church, who hated everything in Apostolic Church Jewish ; and there was undoubtedly the an extreme Judaizing party, called 'the sect of the Pharisees who 3 INTRODUCTION, 1 believed,' who were continually thwarting Paul.
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