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Kinfe's FINAL Thesis UPM UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA, ALIMENTARIA Y DE BIOSITEMAS DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA AGROFORESTAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL INNOVATION OF COFFEE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN CENTRAL KENYA Ph.D. Thesis 2017 Kinfe Asayehegn Gebreeyesus B.Sc. Rural Development and Agricultural Extension (RDAE) M.Sc. Rural Development (RD) Thesis Co-Supervisor Ana Iglesias Picazo Ludovic Temple Tribunal nombrado por el Sr. Rector Magfco. de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día...............de.............................de 20.... Presidente: Mr. Jean-Marc TOUZARD, HDR, Director of Recherch, INRA Vocal: Mrs. Dominique BARJOLE, HDR, ETH-Zurich Vocal: Mrs. Isabel BARDAJI, Profesor, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Profesor Vocal: Mrs. Sandrine Dury, HDR, Researcher in Economic Science, CIRAD UMR MOISA Secretario: Mrs. Valérie ANGEON, HDR, Maitre de conférences Economie Université Antilles Guyanes Suplente: Mr. Earnest Lytia MOLUA, Professor, Université of Buéa, Cameroun Suplente: Mrs. Paloma Esteve, Profesor, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día..........de........................de 20 .... en la E.T.S.I. /Facultad.................................................... Calificación ................................................. EL PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO ii DECLARATION I Kinfe Asayehegn GEBREEYESUS, declare that this Thesis and the work presented in it are my own and have been generated by me as the result of my own original research. The work was done under the guidance of Ludovic Temple (HDR), CIRAD, UMR Innovation and Ana Iglesias (Professor), University Polytechnic Madrid (UPM) Kinfe Asayehegn GEBREEYESUS April, 2017 iv Dedicated to my FATHER who taught me how life has to be based on knowledge, and what commitment deserves for career development. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would heartily like to thank to the Almighty God be the Glory, for in this work, a great thing He hath done. Without him, let alone the success of this work, life itself would not be possible. I would like to acknowledge my family specially my beloved wife, Wudassie Teshome who always supported my passion for career development and this Thesis research project is indebted to her commitment of support, for her commitment in raising and taking care of my beloved son, Nahosenay and my beloved daughter Lina. I would like to thank you my Son and my Daughter for always understanding and accepting to leave you them alone during my PhD study and academic and research writing schedules. I know, it was a tough time to leave them behind, while I was moving to different countries for my study. I would like to thank them once again for their understanding me to leave them alone. This PhD research dissertation was carried out in the framework of the Agricultural Transformation by Innovation, Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Program (AGTRAIN; www.agtrain.eu), funded by the EACEA (Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency) of the European Commission. This program was implemented in six sister European universities, where in my case, it was in SupAgro Montpellier, France and Polytechnic University Madrid, Spain. My sincere gratitude, therefore, goes to the coordinators of the AGTRAIN program, Andreas de Neergaard and Ida Marie Krogager (University of Copenhagen, Denmark), Didier Pillot, Corinne Pickett, Gisele Andre and Madeleine Aidi (SupAgro Montpellier, France) and Ramón Zamorano (Universidad Polytecnica de Madrid, UPM, Spain) for their unreserved support in administrative and other issues. I would like to express my special thanks to my supervisors Ludovic Temple (HDR), CIRAD UMR Innovation and Ana Iglesias (Prof), professor of Agricultural Economics at Polytechnic University Madrid, UPM for their guidance and encouraging me in doing this research and for helping me to become a scientist. Without their support from the beginning, I would not have had the opportunity to realize the research and come-up with such a wonderful Thesis. viii My special thanks goes to the farmers of Murang’a County, Central Kenya and researchers and administrators at different levels, national, County, sub-county and village levels, CRI researchers, company administrators and owners, coffee society administration staffs, dairy cooperative societies staffs and others , without them, this Thesis would not have been possible. Particularly, I would like to thank Omondi Chrispine (CRI Breeding section head), Cicillia W. Kathurima ( CRI coffee quality manager and working group member of AFs4food), Dastan A. Odeny (CRI senior research officer in Agronomy), Joseph N. Ndung’u (Murang’a County Chief officer- Ministry of agriculture, livestock and Irrigation), J.R Ngugi (Murang’a County Ministry of Livestock director), Stanery (Mugama Farmers Federation Union operations staff), Ephantus Wanjohi ( Mugama Farmers Federation Union chairperson). I would like to extend my sincere gratitude and thanks to my Thesis committee members, Bernard Triomphe (CIRAD, UMR Innovation), and Philippe Pedelahore (CIRAD, Nairobi, Kenya) for their periodic evaluation of progress and detailed direct inputs for the research project, proposing possibility of improvement technically, methodologically and administratively. Special thanks to Bernard Triomphe, and Philippe Pedelahore for their guidance during field work in Kenya. My sincere gratitude also goes to CIRAD east African regional research team and administration officers particularly Philippe Vaast, Fabrice Pinard and for their unreserved support and help during the field work in Kenya and sharing me their lifelong experience in the study area. I also extend my thanks to Jacques LANÇON for his contribution in financial administration and coordination with different offices particularly at the field area of Kenya. An equivalent thanks goes to CIRAD, UMR Innovation Montpellier for the support and services provided to me during my stay such as office, and other necessary financial and infrastructural services. I would like to express my gratitude to the support provided by AFS4food project of CIRAD and ICRAF particularly the accommodation and office services, translator during interview and other uncounted services. I also express my thanks to ICRAF, Nairobi, Science domain for hosting me during the two round data collection in Kenya. I would like to thank the staffs and researchers at the Spanish research center, CIAGRAM, for their hosting me with affection and love during my stay in Madrid as part of the PhD program. My thanks go to the colleagues and staff at the UMR Innovation, CIRAD for their exchange of ideas, unreserved comments in team meetings and presentations. I also acknowledge Nadine Kelemen, Brigitte Gillet and Clara Lachgar for their administration facilities, cooperation and making my life at CIRAD easy. I extend my precious thanks to my colleagues Gulliaum Soullier, Colas Chevenier, and Aboubakar Iyabano for their daily support in my French language learning and helping me the translation of the abstract of this Thesis. My thanks also go to my friend David Nortes Martinez for his support in translating my abstracts in to Spanish. My friendly thanks go to my Agtrain fellows; their contributions of providing exchange of ideas, and informal commenting and friendly affection were so important and wonderful. I never forget the time I spent with the AgTrain family during the program period formal activities such as the fieldwork in Uganda and introduction course in Wageningen and informal activities during my stay at both universities. At last but not least, I would like extend my thanks to my Kenyan friends Julliet Wambouy Waynaina, Martha, Steve Buddah, and Francis Njegu for making my field work in Kenya easy, successful and enjoyable. My special thanks also extend to my best friends Elias Abiyou Geday and Liya Dejene Altaye for making my life in Montpellier easy and enjoyable, which indebted me to have a good working environment and condition. Their motivations and encouragement towards my work was so much interesting. The informal comments from my best friend Elias was absolutely constructive and important. Kinfe Asayehegn Gebreeyesus, Montpellier, 2017 x TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... XII LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. XVI LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... XVIII ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... XX RESUMEN ....................................................................................................................... XXII RESUME ........................................................................................................................ XXIV 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 2 1.1. OVERALL CHALLENGES OF CLIMATE CHANGE .............................................................
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