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Mitos E Fatos PRONTO.P65 Clique aqui para adquirir a versão impressa >> MITOS E FATOS Título Original: Myths and Facts - A Guide for the Arab-Israeli Conflict ISBN 0-9712945-1-8 Versão impressa: Copyright © American Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE) Inc., 2002. Versão eletrônica: Copyright © American Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE) Inc., 2004. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mftoc.html Este livro é uma realização da AICE - American Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (Organização de Cooperação EUA-Israel) 2810 Blaine Dr. - Chevy Chase, MD 20815 - USA Tel.: 301-565-3918 Fax: 301-587-9056 Email: [email protected] http://www.JewishVirtualLibrary.org Direitos exclusivos de edição desta obra em língua portuguesa cedidos à EDITORA E LIVRARIA SÊFER LTDA. Alameda Barros, 893 CEP 01232-001 São Paulo SP Brasil Tel.: 3826-1366 Fax: 3826-4508 [email protected] Livraria Virtual: www.sefer.com.br Tradução: Uri Lam Edição Final: José Sergio Rocha Editoração Eletrônica e Mapas: Eliana Merlino Capa: Dagui Design Fotolitos e Impressão: OESP Gráfica Todos os direitos reservados. Nenhuma parte deste livro ou da versão eletrônica pode ser reproduzida de forma alguma sem a permissão expressa, por escrito, da AICE, Inc. e da Editora e Livraria Sêfer Ltda. 2004 ISBN 85-85583-59-2 Printed in Brazil 2 Índice Prefácio....................................................................................................... 5 Prefácio à Edição Brasileira....................................................................... 6 1. As raízes de Israel.............................................................................. 9 2. O período do Mandato Britânico.................................................... 24 3. A partilha......................................................................................... 37 4. A guerra de 1948............................................................................ 45 5. O caminho para Suez...................................................................... 54 6. A Guerra dos Seis Dias.................................................................... 60 7. Entre as guerras.............................................................................. 77 8. A guerra de atrito, 1967-1970...................................................... 82 9. A Guerra do Yom Kippur................................................................... 85 10. As fronteiras................................................................................... 92 11. Israel e Líbano.............................................................................. 108 12. As Guerras do Golfo..................................................................... 122 13. As Nações Unidas........................................................................ 134 14. Os refugiados............................................................................... 144 15. O tratamento aos judeus nos países árabes/islâmicos............. 173 16. Os direitos humanos nos países árabes..................................... 201 17. Os direitos humanos em Israel e nos territórios........................ 217 18. Os levantes palestinos................................................................ 231 19. Jerusalém..................................................................................... 268 20. A política norte-americana para o Oriente Médio.................... 285 21. O processo de paz........................................................................ 317 22. Os assentamentos....................................................................... 387 23. O equilíbrio bélico....................................................................... 397 24. A mídia......................................................................................... 403 25. As atitudes árabes/muçulmanas em relação a Israel............... 421 APÊNDICES O equilíbrio militar no Oriente Médio (2003)................................. 438 Resolução 242 do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas ........ 439 O reconhecimento Israel-OLP........................................................... 440 O Pacto do Movimento de Resistência Islâmico (HAMAS)............... 442 Internet - Fontes recomendadas........................................................ 444 Leituras recomendadas........................................................................ 447 Índice dos mitos.................................................................................... 449 3 MITOS E FATOS QUADROS 1 - Imigrantes judeus para a Palestina................................................................ 27 2 - Refugiados palestinos registrados pela UNRWA -2003........................162 3 - Civis israelenses e soldados das FDI assassinados na “intifada .................. de Al-Aksa............................................................................................................ 239 4 - A população de Jerusalém............................................................................ 268 5 - O valor dos pedidos de Financiamento Militar estrangeiro por .................. Estado.................................................................................................................................. 295 MAPAS 1 - A divisão da área do Mandato pela Grã-Bretanha, 1921-1923............ 26 2 - O plano da partilha-1947 - Assembléia Geral das .............................................. Nações Unidas – Resolução 181...................................................................... 40 3 - O plano de partilha da Comissão Peel, julho de 1937............................... 43 4 - A invasão árabe, 15 de maio de 1948............................................................ 47 5 - Linhas do armistício, 1949........................................................................... 49 6 - Ataques terroristas, 1951-1956................................................................ 60 7 - A campanha do Sinai, 1956........................................................................ 56 8 - As colinas do Golã antes da guerra de 1967............................................................ Distâncias e elevações.............................................................................................. 61 9 - Israel antes da guerra de 1967........................................................................... 63 10 - A frente egípcia, 5 a 8 de junho de 1967......................................................... 67 11 - A batalha por Jerusalém, 5 a 7 de junho de 1967................................... 68 12 - As linhas de cessar-fogo após a Guerra dos Seis Dias, 1967..................... 70 13 - Os ataques egípcio e sírio, 6 de outubro de 1973.................................................. 86 14 - Os alcances dos mísseis e da artilharia desde as posições na Cisjordânia.................................................................................... 94 15 - As colinas do Golã.............................................................................................. 96 16 - Medida comparada das colinas do Golã.............................................................. 100 17 - Tempos de vôo até Israel............................................................................................ 102 18 - Distâncias entre os centros populacionais israelenses ........................................ e as linhas de armistício pré -1967................................................................. 105 19 - Fronteira entre Líbano-Israelense (em 2000) ..................................................... 117 20 - Os refugiados judeus dos paises árabes, 1946-1972 ............................. 146 21 - Os campos de refugiados da UNRWA (em 2000)......................................... 165 22 - Recursos hídricos ............................................................................................................ 337 23 - O mapa oficial da Palestina divulgado pela Autoridade Palestina.................................................................................................. 355 4 Prefácio Prefácio Em 1957, Si Kenen começou a escrever e editar um boletim de notícias – Near East Report – para informar o público sobre os acontecimentos relacionados ao Oriente Médio. Grande parte daquilo que publicou era conhecido, mas ele sentiu necessidade de esclarecer ainda mais os leitores sobre o conflito árabe-israelense, com a finalidade de desfazer alguns mitos fabricados por aqueles que pretendiam reescrever a História com o objetivo de acomodá-la aos seus propósitos. Com esse objetivo, o Near East Report passou a divulgar pesquisas especiais a respeito dos temas pertinentes. Gradualmente, essas análises ganharam a dimensão de um livro intitulado Mitos e Fatos. Os mitos sobre o Oriente Médio não se originaram na década de 1950 nem deixaram de ser divulgados. Os acontecimentos tumultuosos da região parecem estar invariavelmente acompanhados de toda sorte de novas distorções dos fatos relacionados ao conflito árabe-israelense. Com a permissão do Near East Research (Centro de Pesquisas do Oriente Próximo) e atendendo a numerosos apelos, a Organização de Cooperação EUA-Israel (AICE – American Israeli Cooperative Enterprise) produziu uma versão atualizada desse texto clássico, cuja vantagem, com sua versão de apoio online na internet, é estar conectada via hiperlinks à vasta rede de recursos disponíveis em nossa Biblioteca Virtual Judaica e ser atualizada com os novos acontecimentos. A resposta à nossa versão eletrônica tem sido fantástica e as pessoas passaram a solicitar exemplares
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