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The Significant of the New Republic of Iraq for the Kurds 1958-1975
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Significant of the New Republic of Iraq for the Kurds 1958-1975 Karwan Salih Waisya* a The National University of Malaysia, the Institute of Malaysian and International Studies, Malaysia, Kajang a Email: [email protected] Abstract In the first days of the new Iraqi republic system, everything appeared prefect for the Kurds of Iraq. Their leaders recognized the Kurds as the partners with the Sunni and Shiites in new republic of Iraq. They promised Kurds to give them their political and national rights within Iraq. Conversely, these anticipation lived-short; sooner differences emerge between the Iraqi administrations and the Kurdish leaders. The Kurdish leaders saw no whish, however to seek struggle with the purpose of getting their national rights. In 1961, the first major breakout of war between the central government and the Kurds occurred. This fighting was keeping on with some interruptions until 1975. This paper will explore how the Iraqi governments managed with the Kurdish leaders. It examines the three successive Iraqi governments’ policies toward the Kurdish issue, which are logically and functionally related to Iraqi national policy, constitutional framework, level of regional autonomy and the Kurdish relations with Iraqi governments. This study presented a significant amount of positively not published details about these parties. Particular attention is paid to link between successive Iraqi government policies as well as reaction to the Kurdish issue. This study is a historical research based on qualitative analyze of perspective from various actors .This study is used Kurdish and non-Kurdish sources. -
Johnson Gbende Faleyimu-Master Thesis
UNESCO CHAIR OF PHILOSOPHY FOR PEACE UNIVERSITAT JAUME I MILITARY INTERVENTION IN NIGERIAN POLITICAL SYSTEM: ITS IMPACT ON DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT (1993-1999) MASTER THESIS Student: Johnson Gbende Faleyimu Supervisor: Dr Jose Angel Ruiz Jimenez Tutor: Dr Irene Comins Mingol Castellón, July 2014 Abstract Key words: Military, intervention, democracy and Nigerian politics A study of literature on civil-military relations in Nigeria reveals a question: why does the military intervene in the politics of some countries but remain under firm civilian control in others? This thesis delves into military intervention in Nigerian Politics and its general impact on democracy (1993-1999). The military exploits its unique and pivotal position by demanding greater institutional autonomy and involvement when the civilian leadership fails. The main purpose of this study is to discourage military intervention in Nigeria politics, and to encourage them to focus their primary assignment of lethal force, which includes use of weapons, in defending its country by combating actual or perceived threats against the state. i Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my late parents High Chief J.F Olijogun and Olori Meminat Marian Olijogun ii Acknowledgements My sincere gratitude goes to God and all who contributed to the successful completion of this thesis work. Very special thanks to my supervisor, Dr Jose Angel Ruiz Jimenez of University of Granada, for his brilliant guidance and encouragement-what a wonderful display of wealth of experience-without which this thesis would not have been possible. My profound appreciation goes to the lecturers and staffs of the International Master’s Degree Program in Peace, Conflict and Development studies at the Universitat Jaume I, who gave me all the skills and knowledge that are required to carry out an academic research and other academic endeavours. -
Nigeria Apr2001
NIGERIA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT APRIL 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 2. GEOGRAPHY 2.1 3. ECONOMY 3.1 - 3.3 4. HISTORY Post - independence historical background The Abacha Regime 4.1 - 4.2 4.3 - 4.8 Death of Abacha and related events up until December 1998 4.9 - 4.16 Investigations into corruption 4.17 - 4.21 Local elections - 5 December 1998 4.22 Governorship and House of Assembly Elections 4.23 - 4.24 4.25 - 4.26 Parliamentary elections- 20/2/99 4.27 Presidential elections - 27/2/99 4.28 - 4.29 Recent events 5. HUMAN RIGHTS: INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE POLITICAL SYSTEM 5.1 - 52 THE CONSTITUTION 5.3 - 5.5 THE JUDICIARY 5.6 - 5.8 (i) Past practise 5.9 - 5.13 (ii) Present position 5.14 - 5.15 5.16 - 5.19 LEGAL RIGHTS/DETENTION 5.20 - 5.22 THE SECURITY SERVICES 5.23 - 5.26 POLICE 5.27 - 5.30 PRISON CONDITIONS 5.31 - 5.35 HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE 6. HUMAN RIGHTS: ACTUAL PRACTICE WITH REGARD TO HUMAN RIGHTS (i) The Abacha Era (ii) The Abubakar Era 6.1 - 62 6.3 - 66 (iii) Current Human Rights Situation 6.7 1 7. HUMAN RIGHTS: GENERAL ASSESSMENT SECURITY SITUATION FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY/OPINION: 7.1 - 7.3 (i) The situation under Abacha: 7.4 (ii) The situation under General Abubakar 7.5 - 7.8 (iii) The present situation 7.9 - 7.14 MEDIA FREEDOM (i) The situation under Abacha: 7.15 (ii) The situation under General Abubakar 7.16 (iii) The situation under the present government 7.17 - 7.26 7.28 - 7.30 Television and Radio FREEDOM OF RELIGION 7.31 - 7.36 (i) The introduction of Sharia law, and subsequent events. -
Politik Dimalaysia Cidaip Banyak, Dan Disini Sangkat Empat Partai Politik
122 mUah Vol. 1, No.I Agustus 2001 POLITICO-ISLAMIC ISSUES IN MALAYSIA IN 1999 By;Ibrahim Abu Bakar Abstrak Tulisan ini merupakan kajian singkat seJdtar isu politik Islam di Malaysia tahun 1999. Pada Nopember 1999, Malaysia menyelenggarakan pemilihan Federal dan Negara Bagian yang ke-10. Titik berat tulisan ini ada pada beberapa isupolitik Islamyang dipublikasikandi koran-koran Malaysia yang dilihat dari perspektifpartai-partaipolitik serta para pendukmgnya. Partai politik diMalaysia cidaip banyak, dan disini Sangkat empat partai politik yaitu: Organisasi Nasional Malaysia Bersatu (UMNO), Asosiasi Cina Ma laysia (MCA), Partai Islam Se-Malaysia (PMIP atau PAS) dan Partai Aksi Demokratis (DAP). UMNO dan MCA adalah partai yang berperan dalam Barisan Nasional (BA) atau FromNasional (NF). PASdan DAP adalah partai oposisipadaBarisanAltematif(BA) atau FromAltemattf(AF). PAS, UMNO, DAP dan MCA memilikipandangan tersendiri temang isu-isu politik Islam. Adanya isu-isu politik Islam itu pada dasamya tidak bisa dilepaskan dari latar belakang sosio-religius dan historis politik masyarakat Malaysia. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ <•'«oJla 1^*- 4 ^ AjtLtiLl jS"y Smi]?jJI 1.^1 j yLl J J ,5j^I 'jiil tJ Vjillli J 01^. -71 i- -L-Jl cyUiLLl ^ JS3 i^LwSr1/i VjJ V^j' 0' V oljjlj-l PoUtico-Islnndc Issues bi Malays bi 1999 123 A. Preface This paper is a short discussion on politico-Islamic issues in Malaysia in 1999. In November 1999 Malaysia held her tenth federal and state elections. The paper focuses on some of the politico-Islamic issues which were pub lished in the Malaysian newsp^>ers from the perspectives of the political parties and their leaders or supporters. -
Osagie Ighile
Killing Iraq: A look at agency and power in relation to the U.S. mainstream media By Osagie Ighile Department of Cultural Anthropology Date:________________________ Approved: A thesis submitted for honors in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in Trinity College of Duke University 2009 Copyright by Osagie Ighile 2009 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to those whose voices are never heard, but whose lives are shattered by the geopolitical struggles of our times. iii Contents Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………v Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..1 Chapter 1: Where is Baghdad?.......................................................................................18 Chapter 2: Selling “Bombs over Baghdad”…………………………………………....39 Chapter 3: Looking Back through the Mushroom Cloud………………………….…..62 Epilogue…………………………………………………………………………….….91 References……………………………………………………………………………...95 iv Acknowledgements Writing a thesis is hard, and it takes the collective effort of many people to produce the final product. In light of this fact, I have to and want to give thanks and credit to all the people who assisted me in producing this thesis. First, I would like to thank God, the Creator of heaven and earth, through Whom all things are possible. Many times I felt like quitting and giving up this project, but when I felt my strength failing and weakness overtaking my mind and body, I turned to God and prayed for strength. And He answered every one of my prayers. For this and everything else in life, I am thankful, and I give praise to Him. Next, I want to thank and acknowledge my incredible advisers, Prof. Anne- Maria Makhulu, Prof. Heather Settle, Prof. Orin Starn, and Prof. Rebecca Stein. They all showed amazing patience with me, gave me invaluable sources and insight, and spent selfless hours reading very rough and incomplete drafts. -
A Case Study of Hadejia Emirate, Nigeria (1906-1960)
COLONIALISM AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES: A CASE STUDY OF HADEJIA EMIRATE, NIGERIA (1906-1960) BY MOHAMMED ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED MAH/42421/141/DF A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HIGHER DEGREES AND RESEARCH IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY MAY, 2015 DECLARATION This is my original work and has not been presented for a Degree or any other academic award in any university or institution of learning. ~ Signature Date MOHAMMED ABDULLAHI MOHAMMED APPROVAL I confirm that the work in this dissertation proposal was done by the candidate under my supervision. Signiture Supervisor name Date Peter Ssekiswa DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my late mother may her soul rest in perfect peace and my humble brother Yusif Bashir Hekimi and my wife Rahana Mustathha and the entire fimily In ACKNOWLEDGEMENT lam indeed grateful to my supervisor Peter Ssekiswa , who tirelessly went through my work and inspired me to dig deeper in to the core of the m matter , His kind critism patience and understanding assrted me a great deal Special thanks go to Vice Chancellor prof P Kazinga also a historian for his courage and commitment , however special thanks goes to Dr Kayindu Vicent , the powerful head of department of education (COEDU ) for friendly and academic discourse at different time , the penalist of the viva accorded thanks for observation and scholarly advise , such as Dr SOFU , Dr Tamale , Dr Ijoma My friends Mustafa Ibrahim Garga -
Trends in Southeast Asia
ISSN 0219-3213 2016 no. 9 Trends in Southeast Asia THE EXTENSIVE SALAFIZATION OF MALAYSIAN ISLAM AHMAD FAUZI ABDUL HAMID TRS9/16s ISBN 978-981-4762-51-9 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 9 789814 762519 Trends in Southeast Asia 16-1461 01 Trends_2016-09.indd 1 29/6/16 4:52 PM The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) was established in 1968. It is an autonomous regional research centre for scholars and specialists concerned with modern Southeast Asia. The Institute’s research is structured under Regional Economic Studies (RES), Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS) and Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and through country- based programmes. It also houses the ASEAN Studies Centre (ASC), Singapore’s APEC Study Centre, as well as the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre (NSC) and its Archaeology Unit. 16-1461 01 Trends_2016-09.indd 2 29/6/16 4:52 PM 2016 no. 9 Trends in Southeast Asia THE EXTENSIVE SALAFIZATION OF MALAYSIAN ISLAM AHMAD FAUZI ABDUL HAMID 16-1461 01 Trends_2016-09.indd 3 29/6/16 4:52 PM Published by: ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 [email protected] http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg © 2016 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. The author is wholly responsible for the views expressed in this book which do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher. -
MCA - Three Strikes and You're Out! Malaysiakini.Com April 8, 2013 by K Temoc
MCA - three strikes and you're out! MalaysiaKini.com April 8, 2013 By K Temoc After the 1969 general election the late Dr Ismail Abdul Rahman, then deputy prime minister, was known to have said, “MCA dan MIC nampaknya tidak mahu hidup dan tidak mahu pula mati”, using a Malay idiom ‘hidup segan, mati tak mahu’ (figuratively ‘neither alive nor dead’) to sneeringly describe a virtually political-defunct Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA). MCA had then been dealt its first strike in the game of politics. Undoubtedly May 1969 was a bad time for the MCA, losing in disastrous measures to a loose coalition of the (original) Gerakan Party, a then very new Democratic Action Party (DAP), the People’s Progressive Party (PPP) (then under the Seenivasagam brothers), and even Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS). But embarrassing as it was for MCA, it wasn't its worst moment yet, because successes and failures are part and parcel of politics, and while depressing, we expected the MCA to pick itself up again. And it did. In 1985, during the acrimonious dispute for the party’s presidential post between Tan Koon Swan and Neo Yee Pan, MCA disgraced itself in no uncertain terms by having the then deputy prime minister, the late Ghafar Baba and a Malay, occupied the MCA’s top position to moderate a settlement between the two Chinese contenders. That incident would not have been disgracefully controversial if the MCA had been a multiracial political party. That it was, and still is, a Chinese race-based party, in having a Malay as its head, no matter how temporary it had been, was certainly a dubious Malaysian first, an utterly shameful indictment on MCA’s inability to represent itself, let alone the Chinese community. -
Orang Melabau
ORANG MELABAU1 Dayang Hajah Joriah binti Haji Metali Kesultanan Melayu Brunei mengalami zaman kegemilangan pada KM XV apabila wilayah teluk rantaunya merangkumi keseluruhan Pulau Borneo dan Selatan Filipina. Pada masa itu pusat pemerintahan tertumpu di kawasan Kampong Ayer sebagaimana ditulis dalam catatan Barat dan China. Struktur pentadbiran negara pada masa itu jugs bertambah kukuh dan mantap. Pada zaman itu tanah jajahan terbahagi kepada laut dan darat. Kawasan laut dikuasai oleh ʹOrang Lautʹ manakala di kawasan tanah kering pula dikuasai oleh ʹOrang Darat.ʹ ʹOrang Daratʹ amat sinonim dengan gelaran ʹOrang Kayaʹ, mereka juga dikenali sebagai ʹOrang Melabau.ʹ Menurut tradisi lisan, orang‐orang Melabau terkenal sebagai keturunan yang kuat berpegang pada ugama, baik, alim serta memiliki ilmu yang diwarisi sejak turun‐temurun. ʹMelabauʹ dari segi istilah bermaksud penguasa di darat. Orang‐orang Melabau pernah diberi gelaran ʹSeri Laila Paduka Orang Kaya Besarʹ yang menjadi bukti bahawa mereka adalah orang‐orang kuat istana. Sistem gelaran ini telah terbukti melalui beberapa penemuan batu nisan kepunyaan orang‐orang Melabau yang menggunakan istilah ʹIbnuʹ dan ʹAl‐ Marhumʹ. Antara orang‐orang Melabau yang terkenal dan masih dikenang sehingga kini ialah Panglima Jais, Orang Kaya Besar Karim, Orang Kaya Besar Imas dan Paduka Seri Wahab. Penyelidikan terhadap batu nisan milik orang Melabau telah dilakukan oleh Unit Takapan dan Unit Sejarah Lisan, Pusat Sejarah Brunei di Perkuburan Bukit Luba, Melabau.2 Batu‐batu nisan yang ada di sana 1 Rencana ini telah diubahsuai untuk keperluan penerbitan dan sebelum ini pernah tersiar dalam Aktif, Bil. 56, Januari dan Bil. 57, Februari 2004. 2 Terletak berdekatan dengan Pusat Persidangan antarabangsa Berakas. -
A Abang-Adik Relationship, 85 Abdul Ghani Othman, 133 Abdul Rahman
Index 265 INDEX A ASEAN Post-Ministerial Conference abang-adik relationship, 85 (PMC), 182 Abdul Ghani Othman, 133 ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), 182 Abdul Rahman, Tunku see Tunku Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM), 222 Abdul Rahman Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Abdul Razak bin Hussein, 3, 44 (APEC), 182, 222 Abdullah Ahmad, 107 Asian Development Bank, 201 Abdullah Badawi, 4, 47 Asian Development Outlook, 201 cancellation of bridge project, 133 Asian economic crisis Abdullah Sungkar, 192 responses, 220, 221 Abu Bakar Basyir, 192 Asian financial crisis, 46, 143 Abu Bakar Association of Southeast Asian Nations son of Temenggung Ibrahim, 34 (ASEAN), 144 Abu Sayaff group, 193 avian flu, 48 Air Asia Azalina Othman Said, 131 components of, 100 use of Johor as hub, 135 B Al-Hazmi, Nawaf, 192 Baitulmal (Alms Collection Agency), Al-Midhar, Khalid, 192 188 Al-Mukmin Islamic School, 192 Bank Negara Malaysia Al-Qaeda networks, 192 allowing foreign ownership in All-Malaya Council of Joint Action Islamic Banks, 202 (AMCJA), 40 Barisan Sosialis, 65, 141 Alliance Party, 6 fear of it assuming power in UMNO-led, 41 Singapore, 102 AMCJA-PUTERA alliance formation, 101 People’s Constitional Proposal for merger campaign, 56, 57 Malaya, 40 bilateral relationship anak raja, 31 effect of leadership, 143 Anderson, John, 95 major issues, 84, 85 Anglo-Dutch Treaty, 127 bilateral trade, 213, 214 Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement Binnell, T., 135 (AMDA), 146, 164, 171, 180 Bourdillon, H.T., 13 ASEAN Community Brassey, Lord, 41 goal of creating, 89 bridge issue, 47 ASEAN Declaration -
Zhor Alaoui Mdaghri
Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Université Mohammed V de Rabat Humaines – Rabat Etude réalisée par Le Centre d’histoire du temps présent Le mouvement des droits humains des femmes au Maroc : Approche historique et archivistique Coordination Assia Benadada et Latifa El Bouhsini Janvier 2013 - Novembre 2014 Programme d’accompagnement aux Avec l'Appui financier de l’Union recommandations de l’IER en matière Européenne d’archives, d’histoire et de mémoire Le mouvement des droits humains des femmes au Maroc : Approche historique et archivistique Auteures : Bidaouiya Belkamel Asmae Benadada Assia Benadada Damia Benkhouya Latifa El Bouhsini Aïcha Khidani Hakima Naji Khadija Sebbar Coordination Assia Benadada et Latifa El Bouhsini Les points de vue qui sont exposés dans ce document reflètent l'opinion de leurs auteurs et de ce fait ne représentent en aucun cas ni le point de vue officiel de l’Union européenne ni celui du CNDH. i Dépôt légal : 2014MO3516 ISBEN : 978-9954-34-429-3 Mise en page et impression : Kawtar Print – Rabat [email protected] ii Remerciements La réalisation et la publication de ce travail intitulé : ’’Histoire des droits Humains des femmes : Approche historique et archivistique’’ est rendu possible grâce au soutien de l’Union européenne et à l’appui du CNDH et de l’Université Mohamed V de Rabat. Que tous ces partenaires trouvent ici l’expression de nos remerciements les plus vifs. Que soient également remerciés toutes celles et tous ceux qui ont apporté leur aide et leur soutien à la réalisation de ce projet, notamment les activistes appartenant au mouvement de défense des droits humains des femmes. -
For Justice, Freedom & Solidarity
For Justice, Freedom & Solidarity PP3739/12/2007 ISSN 0127 - 5127 RM4.00 2007:Vol.27No.5 Aliran Monthly : Vol.27(5) Page 1 COVER STORY Malaysia at 50: Things fall apart? In these trying times, the best sadly lack all convictions, while the worst are full of passionate intensity by Johan Saravanamuttu s one being dramatic to II quote Yeat’s poem III (which also gave the ti- tle to Chinua Achebe’s celebrated novel) on the eve of the 50th Anniversary of Merdeka in Malaysia? Can one not be for- given for thinking that things are not looking too good and that the Malaysian multicultural nation is fraying badly at the sides? Cer- tainly, one could well surmise in poet’s phrase, that in these times in Malaysia, the best lack all convic- tions, while the worst are full of pas- sionate intensity. All too often we have seen this happening. Just to take a mun- dane example, I happened to watch the parliamentary report on television the other night and it was appallingly clear that the deputy ministers and parliamen- tary secretaries who were re- sponding to queries and ques- tions totally lacked conviction. Turning and turning in the widening gyre Nay, some of them could barely The falcon cannot hear the falconer; read the prepared texts! Their Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; bosses, the ministers, assuming Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, they could fare any better, were The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere conspicuous by their absence. The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all convictions, while the worst Lies, damn lies Are full of passionate intensity.