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Essais Journal Essais An Undergraduate Journal for Literary and Cultural Theory and Criticism Vol. 11 No. 1 Spring 2021 Essais, which means “efforts” or “endeavors” in French, is Utah Valley University’s premier undergraduate publication for scholarship in literary and cultural theory, criticism, and analysis. Submissions are chosen for publication each Fall and Spring by a staff of volunteer student editors in a double-blind selection process. For more information, visit: www.essaisjournal.com Department of English and Literature, CB 407 Utah Valley University 800 West University Parkway Orem, UT 84058 (801) 863-8577 Staff Editor-in-Chief Kaydee Jacobson Managing Editor Rich Higinbotham Technical Editor Lucy Dearden Associate Editors McKenna Hockemier Austyn Thomas Contributing Staff Katherine Brickey Kelsie Cannon Hannah Filizola Ruiz Faculty Advisors Dr. Nathan Gorelick Dr. Ashley Nadeau 3 Cover art: Tuning Smoke (photography) by Martin Dennis 4 Artists Kirby Bolick @kirbybolick & kirbybolickphotography.com Rachel Buhler @rachel.artjournal Pat Debenham @hpdebenham Martin Dennis martindennis.com Hannah Liddell @hannah.olivia.art Manny Mellor mannymellor.com Alie Mueller @summer_canvas.kota Annie Neilson @annieneilsonphoto & annieneilsonphoto.com Annalee Poulsen annaleepoulsen.com 5 Editor’s Note After a long year filled with uncertainty, fear, loss, and polit- ical unrest, 2021 was much anticipated by all. The new year seemed to offer endless potential; somehow, we hoped that 2021 would vanquish all of our past problems. And yet, just a few days into the long-awaited year, violent protests broke out at the United States Capitol. It was then we realized that 2021 would not be free from the turmoil we had hoped to leave behind. Our hearts go out to those who have lost loved ones to the COVID-19 pandemic that has taken millions of lives world- wide, and we are grateful for the healthcare workers who have taken part in the continued effort to combat the virus. We also grieve with those who have lost loved ones due to the ongoing plague of racial discrimination, and we stand with them in the fight for equality and justice. And, we mourn with those who have experienced pain and precarity in the face of our current global instability. In a world full of chaos and darkness, we col- lectively ask, is there hope for a brighter future? The answer is yes. We, the editors and staff, have felt that hope as we read through the passionate papers submitted to the Spring 2021 issue of Essais, which remind us that recog- nizing the problem is the first step toward change. This semes- ter’s selected pieces each address significant and timely topics such as identity performance, social and cultural stigmas, and the importance of positive representation in a media landscape aching for the voices of the unheard. Our authors’ stamina is proof of their desire to change the world. They have worked tirelessly through constant emails, regular Zoom meetings, and a rigorous revision process—words cannot fully express our gratitude. We are proud that their impressive works will be accessible to the entire world at a time when hope is difficult to find. These pieces inspire us, and we believe they will be a source of light to you, as well. 6 We also would like to thank our incredible staff who played an integral role in the editing process, contributing their much appreciated enthusiasm and vibrant personalities in our staff Zoom meetings. They consistently provided us with a much needed boost of positivity in these difficult times. This issue ofEssais would not have been possible without their extensive help. Further, we want to express our incomprehensible grati- tude to our faculty advisors, Dr. Ashley Nadeau and Dr. Nathan Gorelick, for their countless hours of service. Exemplifying pa- tience to an unprecedented degree, they provided the necessary time, support, and guidance, helping us along the way. It has been an honor working alongside them throughout this expe- rience and we thank them for their positivity and confidence, which carried us through the editing and publication process. Finally, we would like to thank the English faculty at Utah Valley University who have taught us to think critically about all that we encounter. Their passionate love for literature, rhetoric, and writing has influenced many and it will surely continue to do so in the future. It is because of them that Essais is able to make its voice heard. We also would like to thank the English and Literature Department chair, Brian Whaley, and the Dean’s Office of the College of Humanities and Social Sci- ences for their continuing financial support. Without further ado, we are proud to present the Spring 2021 issue of Essais. Kaydee Jacobson, Editor-in-Chief Rich Higinbotham, Managing Editor Lucy Dearden, Technical Editor McKenna Hockemier, Associate Editor Austyn Thomas, Associate Editor 7 Advisors’ Note At the risk of brushing against the excruciatingly obvious, this has been a difficult semester. Beyond the many, many lives it has claimed or profoundly disrupted, the ongoing global public health crisis has also inscribed a trauma at the core of our collective being. It is a slow shock from which we—as in, every one of us, each in our own ways but also in the wider dimension of our being together—will not simply and easily recover. Nor is this crisis confined to the COVID-19 pandem- ic, which would be horrible enough considering the sheer and mounting number of deaths it has caused, and the sorrow these lost lives have left behind. But as the articles in this issue of Essais make clear, whether explicitly or by implication, the pan- demic has also augmented the more persistent, systemic social and economic inequalities that have fractured and corroded our communities for far longer. This is the context through which the virus circulates. Wealth inequality rises across the United States and around the world. The racism built into our insti- tutions, sown into the fabric of our daily realities, continues to roil our communities and to aggravate the disconnect between our stated ideals and our practical commitments. Both also carry a grim and growing death toll, and together have carved a trail of pain and suffering that is perhaps less direct but certainly no less immense than what can be attributed to the novel coronavirus. Faced with such a complex of compound traumas, we know there will be no “going back to normal,” whatever that means, if that now-mythical “normal” ever even existed, which in retrospect it probably did not. The question for us there- fore is not how to wind back the clock, impossibly, as if we could erase this long traumatic moment from the pages of history, not least because traumas are in part defined by pre- cisely their inability to be written or spoken in the first place. They just keep working at and on us from just the other side of language, defying and disturbing our efforts to give them 8 place within an ordered and orderly system of meaning; what makes a trauma, well, traumatic is that words cannot but fail to contain and control it. And yet we speak and we write and we double downon just these efforts to find or make meaning, which are also efforts to read what has been inscribed there, to make the trauma legible and, in so doing, give it over to the vital work of a shared reckoning. Essais in French means “efforts,” and that is what each of the articles included in this remarkable issue of the journal are: contentions with the unspoken or the unspeakable; endeavors, as the very title of the journal implies, to translate the domains of affect and anxiety, outrage and offense, fear and frustration, into a shared language through which we may come together and face the pain and come to bitter terms with it. The stakes of such a project—of collective treatment through the interplay of creativity and criticism, through critical creativity and cre- ative critique—have never been more obvious. What, after all, does it mean to come together, when caring for our communi- ties and our world has meant being apart? As always, our students, both editorial staff and authors, have led the way through the uncertainty and confusion of this most uncertain and confused time. To say that this is a tes- tament to their remarkable resilience would be true, but also trivializing and imprecise; a passing glance across the wide world reminds us that resilience is everywhere. So we prefer to emphasize the students’ concentration, commitment, and unbound enthusiasm for the power and promise of human- istic inquiry, which they maintained and even amplified not despite but because of these dark times. When has such work— across remote platforms, late into the evenings, throughout all the other personal and political pressures this unprecedented moment has imposed, without even the modest camaraderie of sharing a pizza while poring over the latest round of copy edits, and against the threat of a lost year which, as this issue attests, tried and finally failed to deprive us of causes to celebrate— when has all this been at once more difficult and more essential? 9 When has the question of humanity’s questing after meaning been more urgent? Or more unavoidable? The editors and authors who came together to produce this issue thus deserve commendation and our immeasurable grat- itude and respect not only for the high quality of their work, but also for completing it with good cheer and good humor, in a spirit of giving and with a drive for scholarly and aesthetic excellence. There may be no “normal” to which we can return, no escaping or erasing the trauma that binds and compels us, but the essays collected here all variously remind us that such nostalgia for an ideal, idealized past, as far as concerns our col- lective well-being, is a dead end.
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