International Language Environments Guide Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, CA 94303-4900 U.S.A. Part No: 806-0169–10 February 2000 Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303-4900 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. 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Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l’interface d’utilisation graphique Xerox, cette licence couvrant également les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences écrites de Sun. CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE “EN L’ETAT” ET AUCUNE GARANTIE, EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE, N’EST ACCORDEE, Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE, L’APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE, OU LE FAIT QU’ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS. CE DENI DE GARANTIE NE S’APPLIQUERAIT PAS, DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU. Please Recycle Contents Preface 15 1. Solaris Internationalization Overview 19 New Internationalization and Localization Features in Solaris 8 19 Internationalization and Localization Defined 20 Basic Steps in Internationalization 20 What Is a Locale? 21 Full and Partial Locales 22 Cultural Conventions 22 Locale Categories 23 Using Locale Categories for Localization 24 Time Formats 24 Date Formats 25 Numbers 25 Currency 26 Language Word and Letter Differences 28 Keyboard Differences 30 Other Differences 30 Paper Sizes 30 Creating Worldwide Software: The Book 31 Contents 3 2. Internationalization Framework in the Solaris 8 Environment 33 Support for Codeset Independence 33 The CSI Approach 34 CSI-enabled Commands 34 Solaris 8 CSI-enabled Libraries 36 Locale Database 37 Process Code Format 37 Multibyte Support Environment (MSE) 37 Dynamically Linked Applications 38 libw and libintl 39 ctype Macros 40 Internationalization APIs in libc 41 genmsg Utility 47 3. Contents of Solaris 8 Products 49 Overview of the Solaris 8 Locales 49 Summary of the Solaris 8 Locale 50 Localization Content on Solaris 8 CD-ROMs 50 Localization Functions in Solaris Interfaces 51 Script Enabling for Solaris 8 52 Localization in the Base and Multilingual Solaris Product 53 European Localization 61 Multiple Key Compose Sequences for Locales 62 Keyboard Support in the Solaris 8 Product 62 Changing Between Keyboards on SPARC 63 Changing Between Keyboards on IA 63 Codesets for IA 64 Font Formats 66 Summary of Asian Locales 67 4 International Language Environments Guide ♦ February 2000 Simplified Chinese Localization 68 Traditional Chinese Localization 70 Japanese Localization 73 Japanese Locales 73 Japanese Character Set 73 Japanese Font 74 Japanese Input Systems 75 How to Input Japanese Strings by using cs00 75 Terminal Setting for Japanese Terminals 76 Japanese iconv Module 77 Japanese Specific Printer Support 78 User Defined Character Support 79 Not Included on the Base Solaris Product 79 Korean Localization 79 4. Overview of en_US.UTF-8 Locale Support 85 Unicode Overview 85 Unicode Locale: en_US.UTF-8 Support Overview 86 Desktop Input Methods 87 Script Selection and Input Modes 88 Unicode Hexadecimal and Octal Code Input Method Input Modes 102 Table Lookup Input Method Input Mode 103 Japanese Input Mode 105 Korean Input Mode 105 Simplified Chinese Input Mode 106 Traditional Chinese Input Mode 106 Input Mode Switch Key Sequence Summary 107 System Environment 108 Locale Environment Variable 108 Contents 5 How to Use the en_US.UTF-8 Locale Environment 108 TTY Environment Setup 108 Code Conversions 113 Printing 113 DtMail 115 Programming Environment 117 FontSet Used with X Applications 117 XmFontList Definition as CDE/Motif Applications 119 5. X/DPS 121 Localization Resource Category 122 Information on Language Interpreters 122 6. Desktop Environments 123 Overview of CDE 123 Setting Locales 124 Integrating Fonts 124 Internationalization and CDE 125 Matching Fonts to Character Sets 125 Storage of Localized Text 125 Xlib Dependencies 125 Message Guidelines 126 Internationalization and Distributed Networks 126 Mail Interchange 126 OpenWindows 127 7. Complex Text Layout 129 Overview of CTL Technology 129 Overview of CTL Architecture 130 Changes in Motif to Support CTL Technology 130 XmDirection 130 6 International Language Environments Guide ♦ February 2000 Layout Direction 131 For More Information 131 XmStringDirection 131 XmRendition 132 132 Additional Layout Behavior 133 XmText, XmTextField 134 Character Orientation Action Routines 135 Character Orientation Additional Behavior 135 XmText Action Routines 136 XmTextFieldGetLayoutModifier 144 Purpose 144 Synopsis 144 Description 144 Return Value 144 Related Information 145 XmTextGetLayoutModifier 145 Purpose 145 Synopsis 145 Description 145 Return Value 145 Related Information 145 XmTextFieldSetLayoutModifier 145 Purpose 145 Synopsis 146 Description 146 Related Information 146 XmTextSetLayoutModifier 146 Contents 7 Purpose 146 Synopsis 146 Description 146 Related Information 146 XmStringDirectionCreate 147 Synopsis 147 Description 147 Related Information 147 UIL 147 How to Develop CTL Applications 148 Layout Direction 148 Creating a Rendition 149 Editing a Rendition 150 Related Information 151 Creating a Render Table in a Resource File 151 Creating a Render Table in an Application 151 Horizontal Tabs 152 Mouse Selection 153 Keyboard Selection 154 Text Resources and Geometry 154 Porting Instructions 155 8. Printing 157 Localization Printing Support Under the Solaris 8 Operating Environment 157 European Printing Support 157 Asian Multibyte Printing Support 159 Solaris Font Downloader 160 Reference Documents 161 A. iconv Code Conversions 163