The Past and Present Evolution of Toronto's CN Tower | Urban Toronto
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Celebrating 40 Years: The Past and Present Evolution of Toronto's CN Tower | Urban Toronto Download Now news world map forum dataBase newsletter search Celebrating 40 Years: The Past and Present Evolution of Toronto's CN Tower June 29, 2016 7:02 pm | by Marcus Mitanis | 5 Comments No skyscraping development proposal on the desks of the planning office aims to eclipse it. Trying to would be almost sacrilegious in this city. The tallest freestanding structure in the Western Hemisphere, the CN Tower has become the quintessential icon of Toronto, looming large over Canada's largest urban area for 40 years. Opening on June 26, 1976 to much fanfare, the tower quickly gained status as a symbol of national pride. It put Toronto on the map and helped herald the city's transition from a puritanical provincial city into UrbanToronto Development Map a cosmopolitan progressive metropolis. Yet the original plans for the tower, which today has become such an Search condos and other developments enduring landmark, painted a much different picture. popular dataBase projects Backstage On The Esplanade Islington Terrace One Bloor East Fireworks erupt from the CN Tower during the closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan Am Games, image by Marcus Sun Life Financial Tower & Harbour Plaza Mitanis Residences When downtown railway freight yards were removed and replaced by newer facilities outside the core, 1 - 7 Yonge (Toronto Star Lands) nearly 200 acres of prime land became available for possible redevelopment. The surplus railway lands bounded by Bathurst, Yonge, the Gardiner Expressway and Front Street were owned by Canadian National The One and Canadian Pacific, who saw the area as a perfect candidate for a massive building complex. In 1967, 50 at Wellesley Station planning studies for a modern mixed-use neighbourhood commenced. John Andrews, the Australian-born chair of the University of Toronto's school of architecture, collaborated with The Webb Zerafa Menkes INDX Condos Housden Partnership (now WZMH Architects) on the project. Their work was unveiled inside a Royal York Hotel ballroom on December 19, 1968 with a sprawling model that depicted the largest downtown 71 Mutual redevelopment scheme in North American history. Regent Park Athletic Grounds http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2016/06/celebrating-40-years-past-and-present-evolution-torontos-cn-tower[6/30/2016 4:04:59 PM] Celebrating 40 Years: The Past and Present Evolution of Toronto's CN Tower | Urban Toronto twitter (@urban_toronto) Excavation grows for 50 at Wellesley Station #Condos by @pureplaza in Central #Toronto https://t.co/aDJEYqn6pk https://t.co/82KAObcpKV — 2 hours 45 min ago Metro Centre and the original tripod design of the CN Tower, image courtesy of WZMH and Idea Workshop We look into suites of #Burlington's Nautique The Metro Centre plan called for 4.5 million square feet of office space, 600,000 square feet of commercial Lakefront Residences #condos space and 9,300 residential units. Union Station would be demolished and its transportation services shifted https://t.co/eNbISUCapP @AdiDevelopments to a new facility to be served by a south extension of the Yonge-University subway loop. Six octagonal office https://t.co/KsLi4VgEN7 — 3 hours 40 min ago buildings with mid-air pedestrian connections would have taken its spot. A contemporary convention centre #ThrowbackThursday checks out all the growth flanked by office buildings, one each for Canadian National and Canadian Pacific, was slated along with a in the #Toronto #skyline in just 2 years. Wow. southward extension of University Avenue. A significant residential component would be situated at the https://t.co/tFy6mBCe0a western end of the site, while the central area contained a communications area anchored by a new CBC https://t.co/qbECQDRGnN — 5 hours 39 min ago English language headquarters and a 1,565-foot-high broadcasting tower. RT @jonorcutt: https://t.co/oQ0coxifQI — 5 Similar to what was ultimately included, the towering mast would have boasted a revolving restaurant and hours 41 min ago an observation deck. The design however was substantially different: the original plan envisioned a tripod of three cylindrical pillars connected by a series of structural bridges. Far surpassing the height of anything else The sun sets over #Toronto's skyline in today's in the city, it would have performed its duty as a broadcasting antenna, but it would not have unseated #PhotoOfTheDay, submitted by Antoine Demé Moscow's Ostankino Tower as the world's tallest freestanding structure. https://t.co/NMjbuzP4Nh https://t.co/i1iCbownRS — 6 hours 54 min ago Today's #ProjectOfTheDay is #Backstage by @CityzenGroup, @Fernbrook_Homes, and Castlepoint https://t.co/5Rj0bmxnlH https://t.co/GAZ906hy4M — 7 hours 6 min ago Urban Toronto 12,468 likes Like Page Liked Sign Up You like thisBe the first of your friends to like this http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2016/06/celebrating-40-years-past-and-present-evolution-torontos-cn-tower[6/30/2016 4:04:59 PM] Celebrating 40 Years: The Past and Present Evolution of Toronto's CN Tower | Urban Toronto 1969 sketch of the original tripod design, image courtesy of WZMH and Idea Workshop Subsequent years saw crucial elements of the plan discarded. Metro Toronto and the Toronto Transit Commission axed the idea of extending the subway loop to the south, while federal funding cuts to the CBC threatened its role in the development. As the project evolved, planning guidelines and official plan amendments were drafted and passed by council, and reaffirmed (with conditions) by the Ontario Municipal Board. Despite this, growing opposition to the demolition of Union Station, coupled with concern and fatigue of megaprojects—the Spadina Expressway had recently been cancelled—threatened to mothball the project entirely. Construction on the tower commenced in 1973, but development agreements for the bulk of the complex had yet to be approved. By this time, the new council emerging from the elections of December 1972 proved to be decidedly less pro-development than the preceding batch of politicians. Metro Centre proponents put the plan on hold, a harbinger of the decision by premier Bill Davis in May 1975 to preserve and maintain Union Station as Toronto's central transportation hub. What was originally supposed to be a grand monument to the strength of Canadian industry had been declared dead, as the now isolated telecommunications tower, the only real remnant of the plan, rose into unchartered territory. http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2016/06/celebrating-40-years-past-and-present-evolution-torontos-cn-tower[6/30/2016 4:04:59 PM] Celebrating 40 Years: The Past and Present Evolution of Toronto's CN Tower | Urban Toronto Revised CN Tower design within the Metro Centre plan, image courtesy of WZMH and Idea Workshop And it rose with an entirely new design. Gone was the skeletal framework of vertical pipes and interconnecting bridges, deemed too difficult and expensive to build. The revised design fused the three pillars into a unified Y-shaped concrete shaft, while keeping the idea of an observation pod and restaurant. The proportions of the tower, which tapered as it grew in height, capitalized on the latest construction techniques available. Patrick Quinn, co-founder of Toronto-based structural engineering firm Quinn Dressel, spearheaded the structural engineering practice at WZMH. Wanting to create a "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill" of the north, Quinn was instrumental in vetting the structural aspects of new projects, especially those like the CN Tower http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2016/06/celebrating-40-years-past-and-present-evolution-torontos-cn-tower[6/30/2016 4:04:59 PM] Celebrating 40 Years: The Past and Present Evolution of Toronto's CN Tower | Urban Toronto that pushed the engineering envelope. It was determined that the revised plan was indeed feasible, beginning the painstaking task of understanding how a practical construction process could be created. Human drafting, log tables and slide rules made the tower possible, as Franz Knoll, the tower's structural engineer, cooked a viable building recipe. Drawing of the axed pool level, image courtesy of WZMH and Idea Workshop The design of the tower continued to evolve for practical and aesthetic reasons. Gone was the busy base of the tower, which was to feature a reflecting pool alongside terraces of restaurants and shops. The SkyPod, which would become the highest observation deck in the world, was added to the plan. So to was the white bubble radome below the outdoor observation level that serves to hide the microwave receivers. There was also the question of just how high the tower should go, coupled with the very real possibility that a world record could be broken. President and CEO of Canadian National Robert Bandeen, described by Quinn as a "visionary with artistic sense", pushed for a height surpassing that of the Ostankino Tower. His wish would be granted — the tower's final height measured 553.3 metres, trumping Moscow's landmark by 13 metres. http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2016/06/celebrating-40-years-past-and-present-evolution-torontos-cn-tower[6/30/2016 4:04:59 PM] Celebrating 40 Years: The Past and Present Evolution of Toronto's CN Tower | Urban Toronto The SkyPod was not part of the original design of the CN Tower, image by Marcus Mitanis Since no tower had climbed to such a pinnacle before, ingenious calculations and preparations had to be made. The working platform had to move upwards as construction progressed. Therefore, it needed the capability of being changed as the profile of the tower narrowed. This sliding form also had to be pulled up with hydraulics against concrete that was setting, necessitating the creation of a special concrete mix, one that was liquid enough to ensure the form did not get stuck.