The Study of Parametrics for Contextually Responsive High Rise Design
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FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGN: THE STUDY OF PARAMETRICS FOR CONTEXTUALLY RESPONSIVE HIGH RISE DESIGN by Nicholas Caron Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia November 2011 © Copyright by Nicholas Caron, 2011 DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE The undersigned hereby certify that they have read and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for acceptance a thesis entitled “Framework For Design: The Study Of Parametrics For Contextually Responsive High Rise Design” by Nicholas Caron in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture. Dated: November 24, 2011 Supervisor: Reader: Reader: ii DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY Date: November 24, 2011 AUTHOR: Nicholas Caron TITLE: Framework For Design: The Study Of Parametrics For Contextually Responsive High Rise Design DEPARTMENT OR SCHOOL: School of Architecture DEGREE: MArch CONVOCATION: May YEAR: 2012 Permission is herewith granted to Dalhousie University to circulate and to have copied for non-commercial purposes, at its discretion, the above title upon the request of individuals or institutions. I understand that my thesis will be electronically available to the public. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s written permission. The author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material appearing in the thesis (other than brief excerpts requiring only proper acknowledgement in scholarly writing), and that all such use is clearly acknowledged. Signature of Author iii CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 1.1. Thesis Question ......................................................................................... 1 1.2. Existing Context of Toronto ........................................................................ 1 1.2.1. Population Growth .........................................................................................1 1.2.2. City Portrait ...................................................................................................2 1.3. Area of Study ............................................................................................ 3 1.3.1. High Rise Building Design ............................................................................3 1.3.2. Parametric Design ........................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2: APPROACHES TO HIGH RISE LIVING ......................................... 6 2.1. Variety ........................................................................................................6 2.2. Form As A Response To Context ..............................................................7 2.3. Access To Public Spaces ...........................................................................7 2.4. Strengthening The Hubs ............................................................................ 8 2.5. Summary ...................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 3: PARAMETRICS ............................................................................ 10 3.1. What is Parametrics? ...............................................................................10 3.2. Parametric CAD Software ........................................................................ 12 3.2.1. Grasshopper3D ..........................................................................................12 3.2.2 Evolutionary Solver .....................................................................................13 3.2.2.1. Galapagos, How Does It Work? ........................................................13 3.4. Summary .................................................................................................14 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN ........................................................................................ 16 4.1. Site Selection ...........................................................................................16 iv 4.2. Program Development .............................................................................17 4.3. Design ..................................................................................................... 17 4.3.1. Podium........................................................................................................24 4.3.1.1. Massing ..............................................................................................24 4.3.1.2. Massing Evaluation............................................................................25 4.3.2.Tower ..........................................................................................................30 4.3.2.1. Massing .............................................................................................30 4.3.2.2. Massing Evaluation ...........................................................................31 4.3.3. Structure ....................................................................................................35 4.3.4. Facade .......................................................................................................37 4.3.5. Design Development ..................................................................................38 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION ..............................................................................47 APPENDIX A: CASE STUDIES .......................................................................... 50 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 63 v ABSTRACT The following thesis investigates parametric thinking and evolutionary solving principles in the creation of a framework for residential high rise design. Site specific parameters such as site access (pedestrian and vehicu- lar), views, acknowledgement of neighbours, or climatic, such as natural day lighting and ventilation, should be used to inform the design. Parametric software is used as a tool to generate designs dynamically. With the help of an evolutionary solver component, the design poten- tial is augmented by generating multiple iterations which are analyzed for their success or failure in an effort to provide an appropriate response within the context of the site. The framework is tested on a site located at the corner of Duplex Avenue and Eglinton Avenue West in Toronto, Canada. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Roland Hudson for the continuous support of my study and research, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. This thesis would not be what it is without his guidance and motivation. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor. Besides my advisor, I would like to thank Steven Mannell for his encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions. Last but not the least, my sincere thanks also goes to Amber Pesklevis for her tremendous help and for keep- ing me sane through much of this process. I could not have completed this without her. vii 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Thesis Question How might parametric thinking and evolutionary solv- ing principles be applied within a design framework to aid the architect in the development of a contextually re- sponsive residential high rise? 1.2. Existing Context of Toronto A portrait of the history and current context of Toronto can be drawn from studying the data contained in the 2006 Canadian Census. The following section contains a resume of this data. (Canadian Census, 2006) 1.2.1. Population Growth Amongst all the G8 countries, Canada has experienced the largest growth in population between 2001 and 2006 (last tabulated census year). Moreover, the province of Ontario, which has seen a constant population growth rate since 1991, accounts for half of this population growth. Since urban population surpassed rural in 1931, Southern Ontario population the urbanization rate has been rising almost without a change Dark purple: >=4% break in Canada. New employment opportunities gen- Map by Statistics Canada erated by the development of the manufacturing sector and the service industry contributed to the rapid growth of the country’s urban population. The high concentra- tion of new immigrants in the country’s largest cities was also an important population growth factor. Since 2001, the population of Canada’s census metropol- itan areas grew by 1.4 million, which represents nearly 90% of the 1.6 million increase in the country’s total population 2 over that period. By 2006, nearly 25 million people, more than 80% of Canadians, were living in urban areas. Extending along the western end of Lake Ontario, the Greater Golden Horseshoe is both the most populous and the most heavily urbanized region in Canada. It is home to 8.1 million people, two-thirds of Ontarians and one-quarter of all Canadians. Between 2001 and 2006, the Greater Gold- en Horseshoe accounted for 84% of Ontario’s population increase and 39% of the total national increase. Greater Golden Horseshoe and Toronto, the most populous city in Canada, is a city located