Vol. X No. 6 JUNE, 1955 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS. O/Ticeond CMiultinfHouri: FINCHLEY ROAD (Corner Fairfue Ro>d), Monday to Thurtday 10a.m,—I p.m. 3—6p.m. LONDON. N.W.3 friday 10 t.m.—I p.m. Telephone: MAIdi Vile 90»/7 (Generil Office) MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Axency)

unrelenting effort to make speedy amends GERMANY RESTORED for the crimes committed by the last inde­ The Obligation of Sovereignty pendent German Government. Now that ^EN years after the Hitler war, Germany leaders of the Weimar Republic." Yet from Gennany is once more a sovereign power, has regained her independence. It is so time to time truly disquieting symptoms come equal among equals, an auspicious oppor­ tar only one half that is free, but the prospect to light which must try the most generous tunity offers to reaffirm the solemn resolution 1^ the half securing the whole will henceforth goodwill and the sincerest trust. Some of September 1951. There is an opix)rtunity, "^ constantly present, and so great events characteristic instances are reported else­ too, for the Federal Government to endorse ^re once more in the saddle. It would be where in this issue. They go far to set at the enlightened confession of their new Wrong to pretend that, however reasonable nought the hope that ten years after Hitler's Foreign Secretary' that for liim " politics 'n some waj's, the prospect is entirely fall the hearts have indeed been cleansed. have alwa^'s been, and will always remain, ^assuring. German unity has a tradition of But if it is true that the old spirit has been a matter of morahty." The sure test of such ^lood and Iron, and many memories were exorcised and if the new leaders are strong a policy is a generous treatment of restitution. sadly stirred when, at the Bonn ceremony of and resolute, one token remains which will, And the time is now. Indeed, at this independence, " words of acclamation " were as none other can, win confidence in, as well memorable juncture, it may fitly be asked: spoken by Dr. Hans Globke, the official as add dignity to, the new sovereignty—the If not now, when ? poiTimentator of the Nuremberg Laws, who, Austria's Freedom in spite of protests, retains his power as head of the Federal Chancellery. Much the same considerations must hold Hitler, even years after Hitler had revealed good for Austria, which has been restored to the horror of his regime. It would have been It is probably true that so long as Dr. undivided freedom. The happy day of a genuine Nazi majority perhaps no more Adenauer stays at the helm no extravagance May 15, IQSij, when the Big Four met at than was ever produced in Germany, but it need be expected in major policy. His Vienna to sign the Austrian Treaty, was is no use denying that the slogan " One authority has so far kept old and new Nazis certainly an occasion for universal and People, One Reich, One Fiihrer " was cheer­ securely in check, and the country's pros­ sincere rejoicing. But, as the British Foreign perity from which the authority draws some fully followed by many more than to-day Secretary, Mr. Macmillan, pointed out, for care to remember. strength, is remarkable. But for all that, it Austria itself it was " also a day of f^fms not premature to consider what may challenge." Such a challenge is presented by Austria cannot honestly claim to have "appen when he goes, and how will less the Jewish claim to redress for the wrongs. been a Nazi-occupied country in the sense ^asoned statesmen administer the trust of It is the challenge of the choice between the that, e.g., France was, or Holland or Den­ independence which he won ? Is Gennany letter and the spirit. mark. Hers is a very different case. She passing through another Stresemann period ? It is probably true that according to the has been absolved by the Big Four of all Ten Years after 1918 letter Austria has a specious title to demur. responsibility for the war. But no power can As ten years have lapsed since the end of There is some force in her argument that not blot out her measure of responsibility for the the second war, the mind ahnost automatic­ all the hysteria shown at the Anschluss was cruel injustices inflicted on the Jews. As she ally strolls backs to the tenth year after the spontaneous; much of it was highly organised. is free again, it must be hoped she will iirst war. At that time, Germany was not But he would be bold indeed who were to remember that freedom has little meaning y^t quite free, yet she was full of promise. assert that it was anything less than a except under the law which enjoins that *iost encouraging elections took place—five majority that welcomed the union, even with wrongs shall be righted. years before Hitler's advent. The Reichstag elections of May 1928 showed, says a his- Anniversary Thoughts on the Hitler War corian, that " a new hopefuhiess was begin­ The tenth anniversary of Hitler's fall was widely victors the Morgenthau Plan." ning to pervade the land. Germans were and characteristically discussed in the German Even if the details were correct—actually in the '"^gaining faith in themselves. As their press. Reflections worthy of the occasion appeared year of victory the Morgenthau Plan had been in the Frankfurter Rundschau, where the editor, abandoned—this remarkable example of an inability economic prospects brightened, as Germany's Karl Gerold, recalled " the infinite, immeasurable to shed the figments of Nazi propaganda must be position in the world improved, they became suffering caused by us in the world ": " What we particularly disturbing in a newspaper with a claim ess responsive to chauvinistic and reactionary have to remember on this anniversary (and not to be considered a responsible organ of public propaganda." In the midst of a prosperity only on this day) are the dead that lie strewn along opinion. a 12 years' road of German history. More than six By and large, the Manchester Gtiardian Bonn J^uch like the present, " all Hitler's and million murdered Jewish fellow-men and women lie Correspondent writes, " the papers are full of Goebbels' skill as agitators made little on that road . . . Likewise, the many millions of accounts of the .Mlies' alleged mistakes. . . . There headway," writes the British author of the dead who perished as a result of political persecution are also plenty of recollections of Hitler's mistakes, recent Hitler biography, Alan BuUock. The and, in historical association witli it, in the war." but comparatively few of his crimes." It is pointed out that all of Germany's present One notable voice was raised in warning against azis were then (cis they have been now) problems are directly due to Hitlerism, which could the current mood of self-satisfaction and anti--\llied oundly defeated. Says an American his- only be overcome " when we begin to realise that recrimination. Professor Gollwitzer, the theologian ^rian; " There was no indication whatever it befits us to search our hearts." of Bonn University, called for remembrance of Very difierent was the tone of an editorial in the Nazi inhumanity as a " duty ": " We must always nat better days were in store for them." Frankfurter Allgemeine, where the writer, Erich be thinking of 1933, too, when we say 1945." .,.1° all appearances there is none now. Dombrowski, used the opportunity of laying about Elsewhere in Europe the anniversary was cele­ ell may Dr. Adenauer assure the British the " shame and disgrace " not of Hitler's crimes brated in a somewhat chastened mood. .\ shadow Pjiblic, as he did the other day, that present but of " the victors' lust for revenge." Glorifying was cast not only by the thought of a possibly defiant the " desperate struggle against a coalition of the Russia, but also by the sight of a fast re-arising ^rs of a revival of militarism and Nazism whole world," he actually wrote: " To the inescap­ Germany. In France, wrote The Times Paris are unjustified," and it was certainly good able defeat was added the shame and disgrace of Correspondent, " many people inevitably reflected, j^ hear from the new Gennan Foreign the victors who were trying, in the teeth of the with a certain sadness, that the tenth anniversary Se^retarj'. , Dr. von Brentano, that " the truth, to fasten upon the German people a collective of the common victory over an aggiessive Germany Polit guilt which was to outlaw them for all time. It was also coincided with the restoration of sovereignty icians of the Federal Repubhc are not this mental aberration, this hatred, this lust for to Germany and the putting into motion of arrange­ avering and hesitant people like the last revenge, which produced among the intoxicated ments which will rearm the Germans." Page 3 AJR INFORMATION June, 195S RESTITUTION NEWS THE AROLSEN ARCHIVES Now in Red Cross Custody CLAIMS AGAINST AUSTRIA STEUERERSTATTUNGEN FUER The archives of the International Tracing Service The Joint Executive Board for Jewish Claims on WIEDERGUTMACHUNGSLEISTUNGEN of Austria, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Nahum at Arolsen, near Kassel, the largest collection Das Bundesministerium der Finanzen gibt records relating to Nazi concentration camps m Goldmann, had a meeting in Paris where it received bekannt: reports of the delegation which it had sent early Europe, will from now on be administered by the Soweit Steuerpflichtige fiir Wiedergutmachungs- International Red Cross. This was agreed upon last month to Vienna for negotiations with the leistungen wegen Schaden im beruflichen und Austrian Government. The delegation reported between representatives of Britain, United States, wirtschaftlichen Fortkommen, die auf Grund des France, Italy, Benelux, Western Germany a"'' that, after discussions with Chancellor Raab and Bundeserganzungsgesetzes vom 18.9.1953 oder der other members of the Austrian Government and Israel. The archives are to remain in Germany f"^ Wiedergutmachungsgesetze der LSnder gewahrt at least another five years, during which tlie Federal on the strength of communications received from worden sind, Steuern entrichtet haben, werden the Chancellor, a basis has been established for Government will maintain them at a cost of/125,000 ihnen diese Steuern auf Antrag erstattet. Das gilt per annum. legijslative and administrative measures which insbesondere auch fiir die Zeit vor dem 1.1.1955. would alleviate the needs of Jewish victims of the The I.T.S. does in the main three things: It Nazi regime in Austria, especially of those who Dagegen werden Steuern fiir Beziige aus einem answers inquiries on displaced persons and other were forced to emigrate. The Joint Executive aus Wiedergutmachungsgriinden neu begrilndeten, victims of Nazi tyranny. It issues certificates oi Board decided to accept an invitation by Chancellor Oder wiederbegriindeten, Dienstverhaltnis und incarceration which show exactly what type "f Raab to send experts to Vienna this month to fiir Beziige aus einem friiheren Dienstverhaltnis, imprisonment was undergone by claimants ior discuss with representatives of the Government the die aus Wiedergutmachungsgriinden neu gewahrt compensation from the German State; finally, i* measures necessary. oder wieder gewahrt werden, nicht erstattet. issues certificates of residence which may t** Solche Beziige sind vielmehr auch kiinftig steuer- necessary in order to prove a claimant's legal title. pflichtig. Darnach kommt insbesondere eine Erstat­ During 1954, the I.T.S. received 103,000 inquiries, U.R.O. PROGRESS tung von Steuern fiir Leistungen auf Grund des The United Restitution Organisation has assisted 36,000 more than the year before, and over 170,000 Gesetzes zur Regelung der Wiedergutmachung reports and certificates were issued, as against 23,452 claimants who have been putting forward nationalsozialistischen Unrechts fiir Angehorige des claims to the amount of $55,000,000. it was stated 85,000 in 1953. by Mr. Saul Kagan, Executive Secretary of the fiffentlichen Dienstes nicht in Betracht. A staff of more than 220 is in charge of records Jewish Claims Conference which supports URO. concerning some 7,000,000 people and of 21 million documents. He said that about $6 million out of the $55 million ENGLISCH-DEUTSCHES have so far been realised. While undoubtedly a DOPPELBESTEUERUNGS-ABKOMMEN Other Search Organisations serious effort was being made by Western Germany, IN KRAFT Beside the I.T.S., two other organisations exist payment of indemnification was " progressing at a Im Bundesgesetzblatt Teil II No. 11 vom 6.5.55 which may aid those in search for information on the regrettably slow rate," Mr. Kagan declared. fate of relatives. « (S.611) ist das Gesetz vom 4.5.55 fiber das Ab­ kommen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland In this country the work is done by the European A strong attack on the procrastination practised und Grossbritannien zur Vermeidung der Doppel- Tracing Office of the World Jewish Congress, whicl^ in restitution matters was launched by the NUrn- besteuerung vom 18.8.54 veroffentlicht worden. was set up in 1945. It claims to have handled over berger Nachrichten in a leading article entitled Damit ist nunmehr das Abkommen in Kraft 500,000 inquiries from all over the world and established the fate of 130,000 displaced and missing " Not Doing Enough." It was stated that the total getreten. sum involved—roughly, DM.3,000m.—was con­ Jews. Though there are not now as many inquiries siderably less than one year's expenditure on rearma­ HVPOTHEKENGEWINNABGABE as there used to be, there were still about 1,500 during the past year, of which a third produce'' ment. Attention was said to be given to former Gemass § 137 des Gesetzes fiber den Lastenaus- Nazi civil servants claiming compensation while a positive result. The Office has a central index with gleich sollte die Erhebung und Gestaltung der 1,200,000 tabulated cards containing information obstacles were being put in the way of victims of Hypothekengewinnabgabe in den Fallen, in denen Nazi persecution. derived from post-war Jewish localities and lists oi das Grundstiick am 21.6.48 einer riickerstattungs- inmates of over 100 Nazi concentration campS' berechtigten Person entzogen war, durch Rechts­ FRISTABLAUF ^ There is also a special index for the benefit of the verordnung entsprechend den Grundsatzen dieses 40,000 inquirers in Britain. Die Frist fiir die A nmeldung von A nspriichen Gesetzes geregelt werden. Diese Regelung wird auf Grund des Bundesentschddigungsgesetzes jetzt in einer 15. Durchfiihrungsverordnung zum In Israel a three-men Search Bureau is run by the Iduft am L.A.G. erfolgen, deren Entwurf in der Sitzung des Jewish Agency in Jerusalem. It disposes of some 30. September 1955 Bundesrats vom 6.5.55 zur Beratung stand. Nach 2,500,000 index cards and receives between 40 and ab. Bis ztt diesem Zeitpunkte miissen die­ Veroffentlichung der Verordnung werden wir 50 inquiries daily. The search is conducted in all jenigen Verfolgten, die auf Grund des Gesetzes hieriiber berichten. countries except Russia and the Eastern bloc, antragsberechtigt sind, ihre AnsprUche wegen through Zionist and other Jewish bodies, and locally Schaden an Leben, Kbrper und Gesundheit, in Israel through the radio, the Government office NEUE BEAMTEN-BESTIMMUNGEN Freiheit, Eigentum und Vermdgen und beru- for the Registration of Inhabitants, and the Lands- flichem und wirtschaftlichem Fortkommen Die Bundesregierung hat beim Bundestag einen marinschaften. angemeldet haben. Gesetzesentwurf zur Anderung des Gesetzes zur Eine ausfiihrliche Darstellung des Gesetzes Regelung der Wiedergutmachung nationalsozia­ war in der Sonderbeilage zu AJR Information, listischen Unrechts fiir .'X.ngehorige des Offentlichen September 1953, veroffentlicht, vo^i der Exem- Dienstes eingebracht, das vom Bundestag in seiner machung dieses Anspruche werden im Gesetz neue plare auf Bestellung bei der AJR erhdltlich Sitzung am 27. April 1955 dem Wiedergutmachungs- Fristen eroffnet. sind (\s. plus Porto). ausschuss ilberwiesen worden ist. Dieser Geset­ W'ir werden, sobald das Anderungsgesetz ver­ Es wird eindringlich darauf hingewiesen, zesentwurf enthalt soweit im Ausland lebende abschiedet und veroffentlicht ist, iiber seinen Inhalt dass Geschddigte, die den Antrag nicht Geschadigte in Frage kommen, zwei wichtige neue eingehend berichten. fristgemUss einreichen, ihrer Anspriiche ver- Bestimmungen. lustig gehen. Es wird gebeten, auch Freunde A.o. Professoren und Privatdozenten und Bekannte auf den Fristablauf hinzuweisen. 1. Bisher wurde ausserordentlichen Professoren VOM BERLINER und Privatdozenten eine Wiedergutmachung ver­ ENTSCHADIGUNGSAMT sagt, weil davon ausgegangen wurde, dass diese Vergleiche mit Abschlagen PAYMENTS IN HESSE AND BAVARIA weder Beamte noch Angestellte des offentlichen In den Jahren 1951 und 1952 sind vielfach The 1955-56 budget for the Land of Hesse Dienstes waren. Die durch Naziverfolgung Vergleiche abgeschlossen worden, in denen bei provides for $3,994,000 for indemnification purposes. geschadigten nichtbeamteten ausserordentlichen Since 1948 Hesse has paid out $20 million. sofortiger Auszahlung des ganzen EntschadigungS' ftofessoren und Privatdozenten an den wissen- betrages, je nach der im Berliner Enschadigungs- The Bavarian Parliament appropriated some schaftlichen Hochschulen werden nunmehr den ;^20,000 for each of the next two fiscal years as a gesetz vorgesehenen Rangfolge, Abschlage von 10% Beamten gleichgestellt. Ihnen wird ein Anspruch bis 33J% gemacht worden sind. Das Entschadi­ subsidy to the congregations affiliated with the auf Versorgung gewahrt, wenn auch auf Grund der gungsamt ist jetzt bereit, auf Antrag den gemachten Bavarian Association of Jewish Communities. The Umstande anzunehmen ist, dass sie sich haupt- total amount of all subsidies will eventually be beruflich der akademischen Lehr- und Forschungs- Abschlag nachtraglich zur Auszahlung zu bringen, deducted from the compensation due for the tatigkeit zugewandt hatten. und zwar sofort, wenn es sich um betagte oder synagogues destroyed in the November 1938 bedOrftige Antragsteller handelt. pogrom. Angestellte Im Stich gelassener Hausrat In a speech at Munich, commemorating the 2. Nach dem Gesetz hatten diejenigen Ange­ Gemass § 18 des Bundesentschadigungsgesetzes liberation from Dachau, the Bavarian Prime stellten, die keinen Anspruch auf Ruhegehalt kann, wenn der Verfolgte seinen Hausrat dadurch Minister, Dr. Hogner, a Socialist, reproached the hatten oder erworben hatten, nur einen Anspruch eingebiisst hat, dass er ihn im Stich lassen musste, Germans with forgetting too soon. The survivors, auf Wiedereinstellung. Fiir die im Ausland Entschadigung beansprucht werden, die nach den he said, were not thinking of retribution but " they Lebenden entfiel hierdurch eine Wiedergutmachung. allgemeinen Grundsatzen berechnet wird. Jedoch raise their cry for justice for the victims of perse­ Das Gesetz billigt diesen Geschadigten eine Ver­ kann gemass § 20 anstelle dessen eine Pauschalab- cution who, after ten years, are still waiting for a sorgung bis Eintritt der Dienstunfahigkeit langstens geltung verlangt werden, die, I : 1 in Deutsche modest token of appreciation." bis zur Vollendung des 65. Lebensjahres zu, wenn Mark umgerechnet, das IJ fache des im Jahre 1932 In Bavaria released war criminals who can prove sie ohne die Verfolgungsmassnahmen am 1.4.1951 erzielten Reineinkommens des Verfolgten, hochstens that they are not liable to prosecution according to eine Dienstzeit von mindestens 25 Jahren erreicht jedoch DM 5,000, betragt. In analoger .A.nwendung German law are to get the same benefits as late hatten. Als Entschadigung erhalten sie Beziige in des § 20 konnen in Fallen, in denen Hausrat ver- homecomers from war captivity, e.g., housing Hohe der Halfte des Arbeitseinkommens, das ihnen schleudert worden war, Entschadigungen fiir diesen, credits up to DM.5,000 and a " reconstruction loan " am 1.4.1951 zugestanden hatte. Fiir die Geltend- umgerechnet in DM 1:1, bis zum Hochstbetrag up to DM.35,000. Continued in next column von DM 5,000 im Vergleichswege gewahrt werden. ^JRJNFORMATION June, 1955 Pafte 3

Reports from Germany ANGLO-JUDAICA Britain and Israel JEWISH AWARD FOR PROFESSOR BOEHM i.e. 3.8 per cent of the total (compared with 132,000, A forest to commemorate the coronation of Queen Professor Franz Boehm, the well-known cham­ or 3.5 per cent in the Federal elections of 1953). Elizabeth II is being planted in Israel by British pion of the Jewish cause, was awarded the Stephen Among its six members in the Land Parliament is Jewry. In a message which was read at the inaugural Wise Medal by the -American Jewish Congress, Georg Joel, former Nazi Premier and Deputy ceremony, the Queen wrote: " Jewish subjects of ^y^'^li issued this statement on the occasion: Gauleiter of Oldenburg. the British Commonwealth have enjoyed freedom ^ranz Boehm has become one of the foremost In Rhineland-Palatinate last month, a Nazi group for their faith for many centuries. Throughout the symbols of the kind of democracy we hope will called " Free Voters Alliance " polled 3 per cent of centuries their number grew, until today they emerge out of present-day Germany. He played a the total but gained no seat. One Jew, Maxim number over 800,000, among them men and women decisive role in the negotiation of Jewish material Kuraner, was re-elected for the Socialists. in every walk of life. Their devotion to the Crown Claims against Germany, he has been untiring in is only matched by their devotion to the faith of ois efforts to combat antisemitism, and he has "LET'S FORGET THE PAST" their forefathers. May this forest flourish as a revealed courage and moral qualities of the highest symbol of the friendship which links my people °raer in his attempt to make his fellow-Germans A characteristic Nazi demonstration occurred at with the people of Israel." aware of their obligations to the Jewish people." Liineburg Heath where the bronze plaque com­ The $1,000 prize connected with the Medal was memorating the German surrender in 1945 was The General Election donated by Professor Boehm to the Jewish com­ stolen and replaced by a notice saying: " By this The number of Jewish candidates in the General munity of Frankfurt. victory Communism could spread out into the heart Election of May 26 was sligljtly larger than last of Europe. After 10 years it's time to see the time—56 instead of 46 in 1951. Thirty-nine of * common danger. Let's forget the past." them, including two women, were Labour (16 more In the course of an address on the occasion of the An oil painting from the London German Embassy than four years ago), and 10 (7) Conservatives, tenth anniversary of the liberation, the Acting Lord as a token of German gratitude was accepted by also 5 Liberals and 2 Communists. Mayor of Berlin, Professor Otto Suhr, recalled the Mr. Victor Gollancz on behalf of " the many Since 1945 no Jewish Conservatives have been in Sufferings of the Jews during the Nazi regime and hundreds and thousands of Englishmen and English­ Parliament, all the 16 M.P.s of 1951 being Labour. tnanked the Jewish community for its important women who, during the few years after the war, sent Those who anticipated a Conservative majority •-ontribution to the pre-war development of Berlin. food, clothing and money to Germany through the believed that the balance was going to be adjusted NEW HEINE MONUMENT ' Save Europe Now ' organisation." by such Tory candidates as Mr. Harold Soref, at During a " Paris Week " in Diisseldorf, designed The Association of Jewish Students in Berlin Rugby; Sir Keith Joseph, at Barons Court, W.; and to strengthen cultural ties between the two cities, passed a resolution criticising Frau Jeanette Wolf, Sir Henry d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, at Walsall South, tne Lord Mayor of Diisseldorf, Herr Gockeln, said the Jewish Socialist Bundestag member, who had Staffs. At Gloucester (where incidentally no Jews '* ^as impossible not to recall the name of Heine said at the Belsen memorial meeting: " We are here live) both candidates were Jews—the sitting ^no was born in that city and to whom a monu- not to accuse, but to remember. We have forgiven." Labour Member, Mr. M. Turner-Samuels, Q.C., and PJ^nt is again to be erected. In an address, the Conservative, D. C. Napley. No Fascist candi­ ^: Francois-Poncet, then French High Com- dates presented themselves, apparently because no •nissioner for Germany, referred to the campaign RIGHTEOUS GENTILES funds were available. 'tt ^^'•^'^ directed against Heine, the Jew, during The Kahle Family The anti-Shechita Bill, which was not proceeded the Nazi regime and even earlier. It was Germany's Many of our friends will have learnt with sincere with in the old Parliament, is expected to be ttioral duty, he said, to uphold the good name of sorrow of the sad blow suffered by Professor Kahle, introduced again. It was attacked by Mr. Michael the Jewish poet. the German scholar of Oxford, who lost an eminently Foot, M.P., as an attempt to " rob Jews of their gifted son, Paul Erik, Lady Wallis Budge Fellow rights in this country." ADMIRATION FOR HITLER in Egyptology at University College, O.xford. The Dr. A. Cohen Resigns Admiration for Hitler was expressed by a con­ Times obituary recalled that his family emigrated The Rev. Dr. A. Cohen, the first religious leader siderable percentage of people approached in the to England in 1939 " as a result of their persistence to hold this office, resigned the Presidency of the ^ourse of a Gallup Poll organised by the Institute in befriending the victims of the German Govern­ Board of Deputies which he held since 1949. His ror Demoscopy, at .\llensbach, which published ment's policy of racial persecution." successor will be chosen at the first meeting of the l!js results in a booklet entitled " Antworten." Jewish refugees will always remember the good newly elected Board this month. Ih: rty-two per cent, considered Hitler to have been that was done by righteous Gentiles like these. Dr. Cohen, a scholar as well as a man of action, ^ " exemplary leader of the State " (" in spite of Particularly daring was the action of Frau Maria will be greatly missed by the erstwhile refugees "•s faults"); 10 per cent., notably ex-servicemen, Kahle, the Professor's wife, who died early in the for whom he had a high regard. At the AJR's tenth ••^garded him as " the greatest statesman of this war. She conspicuously and demonstratively anniversary (I95I) he paid tribute to " the admir­ Century," whose " true greatness will only later be comforted Jews during the November, 1938, able way in which the newcomers integrated them­ tji'y appreciated." Among the " great Germans," pogrom. She was then pilloried in the Westdeutscher selves in the life of our Community " and to " the Jiitler was rated second (12 per cent.) only to Beobachter. " This is Treason against the People," fine contribution which some of them are making fr'smarck (41 per cent.); others named were Frederick ran the headline of an article denouncing Frau to the advancement of Jewish scholarship in Anglo- the Great (8 per cent.), Hindenburg (7) and Kahle and her son Wilhelm, who had been caught Jewry." •j^ethe (5). Opinions on the anti-Hitler plot of while helping two Jewish women in Bonn, Emilie Mr. Isaac Wolfson, the financier, added to his j'^ly, 1944, were 40 per cent, positive, 30 per cent, Goldstein and Josepha Herz, to clear up the marks several charities by giving ;£21,000 for an extension "^gative, and another 30 per cent, with no opinion. of Nazi banditry. " She knew that in acting so she to be built to the famous John Rylands Library, * was insulting and betraying the whole nation in Manchester, in the form of an " Isaac Wolfson Right-wing factions failed to make headway in its most sacred feelings," ranted the Nazi paper: Annexe." ccent Land elections. In Lower Saxony, the " And yet she did not scruple to associate with Bleak Forecast ^^rrnan Reich Party polled, in April, 127,000 votes, Jews." After this the only hope was flight. A pessimistic view of British Jewry was taken by a student of the community writing in the Mizrachi Jewish Review. " The tercentenary celebrations of Harlan junior: " Ich Will zu den Juden " 1956 " (Mr. Norman Cohen says) " will bear witness The sins of the fathers are proverbially, though taken great care in organising the journey. As a to the fact that Britain has, for three centuries, ornetimes perhaps unaccountably, visited upon the student in Paris, where he learnt some Hebrew and offered a refuge to successive waves of immigrants. Children, and it would be remarkable if Thomas Yiddish, he had managed to attract the attention They will not testify in any way whatever to any "-hristoph Harlan were to escape the awful dis­ of Baroness Guy de Rothschild, and from the useful innate vitality or even continuity within Anglo- pensation, for his father is unlikely ever to shake off acquaintance he drew not only an advance of Jewish life." he odiu^ Q{ having produced a film (" Jew Siiss ") £\,QOQ but also introductions which secured him an A sombre picture was also drawn by another uich in effect aided and abetted millionfold Israeli entry permit on a Turkish passport issued in student of Anglo-Jewish affairs, Mr. Harold Soref. jnurder. But the son is not walking in the ways of the name of " Isitzah." He was operating as the In an article in the U.S. B'nai Brit journal. I . father, though he never disowned the father, head of his own film company, the " Kinneret National Jewish Monthly, he found that " improved 'aiming that Veit Harlan " is no antisemite." Motion Pictures," which, thanks to the high economic and social circumstances have weakened the mass of Anglo-Jewry." According to him, a g ^has found inspiration in the story of the Jews, patronage, enjoyed the co-operation of distinguished hd he will offer amends for the wrong that his " mass degeneration " had set in. There was not a craftsmen such as Maurice Mussaroff, who had once Jewish community in England which was not ^^'e did. He has written a play glorifying the produced "Gale over Asia"; Louis Page, one of ^bellion in Warsaw's ghetto. deprived of the bare necessities of religious education the best cameramen in France; Pierre Schaffer, (he wrote), the reason being not that the system was ;. "^ had the idea for some time past. Originally, head of the " Institut de Musique Concrete." In faulty, but " the will is not there." There were Was to have been a film, entitled " Ich Will zu den Israel, too, where he spent four months, his project Juden.' many talented and successful individuals, but too It was to have presented the Jewish story was supported by the Government and the Jewish few were playing their part in communal affairs. i,..^ Symbol of the trials of all persecuted mankind. Agency, though, in spite of officially sponsored " But for the distinguished refugees who have p\ 1 ^'^ friend Klaus Kinski, Harlan junior camouflage, his identity was eventually discovered rendered such magnificent service to our com­ ^plained: " The film is to be a cry on behalf of the and some criticism appeared in the press. munity and Jewish scholarship, Anglo-Jewry urdered and ou behalf of those who are going to would be barren of rabbis and scholars." murdered tomorrow. We are not content with However, for some reason or other, the film was Some more cheerful points were noted in an ating the fact and with martjTdom. We want never shown. It seems Harlan junior changed his otherwise critical lecture on Anglo-Jewry by Dr. ; ^rous^ humanity to a revolution of love. That mind. He has written a play instead, a summary of Cyril Domb, Professor of Theoretical Physics in s Why it is a film for the whole world." talks with 140 ghetto survivors he met in Israel, and King's College, London. He found that the com­ tlut the scenes, the symbols, the atmosphere he proposes to use the play for a film script. It will munal organisation is good, there is tolerance of 2?'^^^° be found in Israel, and in 1953, then aged be interesting to see whether the practical result is other people's opinions, and there is sound charitable • Harlan junior actually went there. He had as good as the avowed intention. work. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION June, 1955 In Memoriam Albert Einstein The Ideal Scientist The Upright Jew by Dr. H. M. Kallen By Professor James Franck NE of the great gifts of Albert Einstein, to his E bow our heads in reverence for Einstein's reason to make them as a citizen. Would Einstein's O fellow intellectuals of Jewish origin, as well as Wtowering talent and strength on the sad occa­ remarks have made a greater impression on the to all men, was the demonstration by the con­ sion of his passing away, and are grateful that he general public if his political utterances had been tinuous example of his life and labour, how healthy was our contemporary and, doubly so, if we have couched in more diplomatic language ? Maybe; for the person and for the work of a Jew are self- been fortunate enough to have come in personal but on the other hand Einstein's straightforward respect, open acknowledgment and open defence contact with hiln. Einstein came as near to being way of expressing his opinions emphasized his of the positive values of his Jewish inheritance; and an ideal scientist as it is possible for a human being sincerity and honesty. Attempts to understand the how unhealthy and futile is the flight from Judaism. to be, and we do homage to his memory if we try qualities of Einstein's mind and character in which For in his own field, Einstein was the superlative to find out what qualities enabled him to be what his eminence had its roots can be of help to us and master whom none could deny that believe in truth he was. Superior intelligence is, of course, a neces­ to the generations of scientists to follow. Obviously, and follow the method of science and not the sary pre-condition for ascent to the heights of understanding them cannot raise the intelligence method of Germany. But he, from his beginnings, greatness which Einstein reached, but it is not a level of any of us, but it can make all of us per­ made the most of his Jewish connection and Jewish sufficient one. Character and moral strength are manently aware that science imposes great moral relationships. He accepted them as an opportunity of equal importance. In other words, a really great obligations on her students which are difficult to and obligation, and he took them as simply and as scientist must have the mind of a genius and a soul fulfil, but which must be fulfilled, especially in naturally as he took his breathing or his working at able and willing to sacrifice comfort and many times of turmoil and unrest such as those in which his appointed scientific tasks. He never was in amenities of life to the hard task of devoting his we live. flight from Judaism. He never treated Judentum whole personality to the search for the truth. The (Repriuted from the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, June 1955.) as an Ungliick. He accepted the burden and ideal scientist must be driven by an unquenchable responsibility of his " accident of birth " as readily thirst for knowledge for the sake of knowledge. He as he accepted the liberties and privileges of his must be patient, persistent, objective, courageous, German Lament scientific position. He said Yes to his Hebraic and he must be humble. Science is based on the Several German papers were moved to reflect what inheritance. And because he said Yes he was able assumption that our own impressions have a direct Germany had lost by persecuting the Jews. The to go about among his peers a free man and a whole relation to the happenings in the external world, " revolutionary of the spirit," said the Frankfurter man, undivided in his spirit, unshaken in his ways, that the world is not one of chaos but is in principle Allgemeine, "was a German, but he had to withdraw doing his work untrammelled by any of those traits understandable, and that by observation and from Germany because he was a Jew. The fact that born of anxiety which mark the Jewish intellect reasoning we can come nearer to true understanding. we drove out one of the greatest scholars of our age in the academic scene. By affirming his integrity Reverence for Nature will be regarded by coming generations not only as a as a Jew he vindicated the integrity of the Jew as wicked folly, but also as a stain of disgrace." a man and a scientist, and made his life a light and Thus we believe that we are able to study nature, The Frankfurter Rundschau recalls the antisemitic but we must always be prepared to admit that our a leading for all Jews to inner freedom and outer attacks to which Einstein had been subjected, under respect. ideas and interpretations have been erroneous if a the Nazis and before, even by some German scientists. single well-substantiated fact is in contradiction to The physicist Lenard, for example, is quoted as Of the great Jews of his generation, none lifted them. Nature has to be accepted as she is; no having said: " Wc must realise that it is unworthy the torch of self-respect so high for the Jew; in none argumentation has the least influence on her laws. of a German to follow a Jew in matters of science and did the courage born of inner freedom burn so Einstein's whole philosophy is permeated with learning." The paper remarks: "Thus Germany brightly. And in this and through this, none has reverence for nature. For him God and nature are turned into emigrants her greatest sons of this century been a more potent vindication of self-respect and one identity. Spinoza's famous sentence, " Deus —what Einstein was in physics, Thomas Mann is in freedom for all mankind. sive natura," is a valid expression of Einstein's These notes by the well-known U.S. Hebraist^ have been literature. It is time to name at least a big institute adapted from an article published on Einstein's sixtieth birthday, Weltanschunung too. One can learn that by after Einstein, as a small token of restitution." in Xcw Palestine, New York, March, 1939. reading his papers, but maybe a more direct and simpler illustration of his attitude can be given by a few quotations from his casual remarks. I still remember vividly the discussion remark Reminiscences of the Berlin Days Einstein made more than forty years ago after a famous physical chemist had presented a paper to by Otto Zarek the Physics Colloquium in Berlin. " I am sorry " This is the summary of an address delivered at a memorial meeting organised by the Berlin Jewish Students* Union last month. (Einstein said) ' that you have based your theory O mourners. No music. No speeches. No off, together with a physicist from Pasadena Univer­ on certain ideas which I have published recently, N flowers. Ewing Crematorium was empty, but sity, and was surprised to find himself by the because, in the meantime, I have become aware for the attendants, when Albert Einstein's mortal Wannsee instead of in Haberlandstrasse ! He that they are not right." The somewhat angry remains were turned into ashes. Mozart's fate ? Not apologised by sending me a handwritten letter reply was: '' But you are not at liberty to suddenly at all ! It was he himself who, in his will, made sure which I still treasure, poking fun on the words change your \iews. You have to stick to the ones that he would leave this world as quietly, as unob­ " Raum " and " Zeit " which he said " were you have published." Einstein answered smiling: trusively, as he had lived. Yet even he would have existent only when we thought of them." " Do you really propose that I should start an raised no objection to this gathering, if only because argument with the Lord because He has not made it has been organised by Jewish students. They, Two interests which we had in common helped the world in accord with the opinions I have and they alone, may rightly say of him, in Goethe's to forge a firmer bond. Naturally, he did not choose expressed ? " words: " For he was ours ! " How often had me, a layman in his special field of research, because Einstein often emphasised the importance of Einstein recalled his own student days when he, of my intellectual faculties. Einstein—in contrast remaining curious and amazed about the laws of born at Ulm and then living in Munich, was to other leading lights—loathed what he called the nature, and he ascribed his own success to his struggling at Ziirich to make ends meet. Nobody " magisterial attitude " in man's relations with the tendency to do so. A typical example of this but a distant relative who sent a meagre monthly world without. He chose his circle of friends at attitude is his remark: " You know it is not so cheque cared for the strange young man who random, or so it seemed, and certainly rank and astonishing after all that I found the principle of- studied furiously, had no hobbies other than to play achievements did not count. In the privacy of his relativity. Usually people make up their minds the violin, and suddenly thrust himself into a Salon he wanted to rela.x, and music was his favourite about time and space in early childhood and later haphazard marriage which turned out a failure. recreation. Playing the violin, he would say, his in life see no reason to think it over again. I, how­ It was much later when I met him for the first great soft eyes looking at you with candour: "After ever, could not stop wondering about this problem, time. My late mother, being from Munich herself, all, I am not such a big bungler as people would and still pondered it as a grown man. Of course, and Einstein's second wife, Frau Elsa, had become e.xpect, am I ? " In point of fact, well-known as a mature person I had a greater chance to gain friends. We both lived within a few yards of the musicians craved for the pleasure, and honour, of a deeper insight into it." Bayrischer Platz, Berlin-Schoneberg. In 1920 playing quartets with him. He never played in Science and everything connected with science Einstein had already won the Nobel Prize; he was public except in aid of a good cause. I arranged a were Einstein's elixir of life and he was happy only a Member of the Academy, a professor and generally gala performance in the Deutsches Kiinstlertheater when nothing interfered with his work. But his acknowledged as one of the world's greatest. He for the benefit of the Jewish Orphanage at Kowno, dislike of the hustle and bustle of the market-place had chosen a five-room flat at Haberlandstrasse 5, of which Einstein was the patron, and which was did not make him blind to the problems of daily life. in a house with a garret large enough to serve him destroyed by fire; another time, I heard him play at His objectivity and sense of justice forced him to as a study and observatory. There he spent hours Uavos, when we both attended an international state his opinion publice, clearly and unafraid, when­ on end, oblivious of the world around him, and congress for the benefit of tubercular students. On ever he felt it his duty to do so. He was not often enough forgetful of his commitments and both occasions, when a tornado of applause thanked accustomed to compromises in science and saw no appointments. It mattered little. If there was any him, he took the music from the stand and made Professor James Franck trouble, Frau Elsa, with her graceful tact, would Beethoven or Schubert bow instead of himself, winner in 1926 of the Nobel Prize in experimental put things right. Oncey when I was invited to have thus indicating that all the honour was due to the and theoretical physics, will long be remembered for tea with him, much looking forward to having an composer, not to his interpreter. his inspiring action in April 1933, a few days after hour alone with the great man, he did not appear, and—to Frau Elsa's astonishment—his garret was There was a childlike quality in all he did. If i* the boycott, when he at once resigned his post ai is true that the child is the companion of the genius, Gottingen University in protest against a regime which, empty. At 5 p.m. she informed the police; it did not take them long to trace a man whose head, he proved that maxim. He loved to frighten his he said, presumed to " treat German Jews as aliens guests when taking them down in the old lift: h^ and enemies of the Fatherland." He is now Professor topped by a mountain of grey hair, was familiar to at Chicago University. all and sundry. It turned out that he had wandered Continued on p. 5, col- 3 ^JRJNFORMATION June, 1955 Page 5

for such was the state of public opinion at the time Einstein in Britain that the organisers of the meeting had to be careful not to appear unduly " political." Actually, while INSTEIN happened to be in California when East Coast, but for reasons of security nobody was some newspapers affirmed Britain's pride in offering E the Brown Plague broke over Germany. He to know exactly where. He attended to his mathe­ a sanctuary to all victims of tyranny, others viciously was on a visit and about to leave for home again. matics, and, relates Lord Templewood (formerly attacked the " unwise agitation " which they said But when the news of the Reichstag fire reached Sir Samuel Hoare), who met him then in Norfolk, was " protesting too much." Their advice was him in New York he changed his mind. Dearly as " he was so much impressed by the possibilities for " Hands off Hitler ! " and, characteristically, they he loved the flat in Haberland Strasse and the meditation and research in Britain that he suggested charged Einstein with " Communist leanings." cottage in Caputh, these places had now lost their that some of the younger refugees should be per­ There was great and farseeing truth in the Jewish charm of a free man's home. Einstein then vowed mitted to live in British lightships, where they Chronicle's comment: "The significance of this that he would never set foot on Nazi German soil. would be undisturbed in their study of basic pro-Hitler move in England should not be under­ He did not, however, remain in America then. problems." estimated." Engineered from Berlin, it was a move He sailed for Belgium, where he spent a few months that led straight to—Munich. ^ad whence he wTote the two famous letters putting Commander Locker-Lampson K> shame the sordid ventriloquists of the IVussian The reason why Einstein went to Norfolk was Locker scornfully flayed these early appeasers Academy of Sciences. But living so near the that here was the home of the man who, by a bold and exposed the treacherous argument that protest *-^rman border was a strain and even then dan­ and imaginative gesture, had " invited " him—the against injustice must be regarded as " interference gerous. The Nazis had offered i;i,000 for the late Commander Oliver Locker-Lampson, M.P., like in domestic affairs." On the fontrary, he said: " If silencing" of Einstein, and already they had Josiah Wedgwood, one of the noble lineage of this meeting were stopped out of respect for so-called hiurdered, in Czechoslo\akia, another German- Britain's staunch and faithful champions of the susceptibilities of somebody abroad, then I would Jewish scholar. Professor Theodor Lessing. So Jewish cause. He had been among the first to call that an interference in our affairs ! " 'iinstein agreed to remove, with his wife, to the denounce Nazi barbarism, and urged H.M. Govern­ He enjoyed the determined support of the greater safety beyond the Channel. ment to engage the League of Nations against the Manchester Guardian, which declared that anybody It was not his first visit to England. He had oppressors of tlie Jews. The suggestion was con­ complaining of Einstein addressing the world in ^en in London in 1921, to expound his theory at sidered impracticable, but Locker would not rest, the .\lbert Hall must be " dead to the English ^'ng's College. He must have been among the and he showed his fellow-feeling with the persecuted heritage," for " Einstein's presence among us is a earliest Germans to be admitted behind the still by offering hospitality to Einstein. Perhaps he also symbol alike of the German persecution and of our ormidable barrier of war-inflamed passions, and he showed sound political sense, which caused him to welcome to the persecuted whose hardships are "Wed to speak in German, too. He was then the appreciate the fact (noted by one of the Professor's such as our fathers went through in their struggle guest of Lord Haldane, the protagonist of Anglo- biographers) that " in Einstein he had the most for the freedom which we now comfortably enjoy." "^rman friendship before I9I4, who also presided spectacular witness to illustrate the Nazi perse­ *t the lecture. He came again to lecture at Oxford cution." Four days after the meeting, Einstein left and Glasgow, and in 1930 he spoke at a dinner held Britain for good—to settle in the country which was *t the Savoy in aid of homeless and persecuted Jiut if there was an ulterior motive in his action, to become his home for the rest of his life. Jews. On that occasion the " artist-mathematician " it was a thoroughly honourable one. In this one C. C. ARONSFELD. Was toasted by Bernard Shaw, who seized the grand man he meant to save all if be could, and it was opportunity of declaring, tongue in cheek, that with this intention that he introduced in Parliament religion is always right and science always wrong." a Nationality of Jews Bill providing for the citizen­ iNow, three years later, Einstein came once more, ship of Palestine (then under British mandate) to Reminiscences of Berlin himself homeless and persecuted. ".\11 I want is be acquired by all whom persecution had deprived P^ace," he said at his arrival on September 9, 1933, Continued from p. 4 of citizenship elsewhere. The Professor was and could I have found a more peaceful retreat pressed its buttons in turn, so tliat they would be listening in the Strangers' Gallery when Locker than here in England ? " He was to stay on the run up and down for the best part of half an hour charged Germany with destroying " the cream of before he would release them. He was full of fun her culture " and turning out " her most glorious And he loved children and could spend hours citizen." The Bill eventually foundered on the playing with them and answering their childish obvious difficulties involved. Relativity in Verse questions in all seriousness. by Adelheid Levy Locker, however, was not content with this moving demonstration of the brotherhood of man. His garret, where he " sat over some figures," as Alay I tell of a little encounter I once had with he used to say, was by no means an ivory tower. Presently, on October 3, 1933, he organised a ^ofessor Einstein ? It was late in 1932 when I He who observed the universe did not turn a blind powerful meeting in the Albert Hall to plead for vent to see him. On behalf of the students' welfare eye to man and his troubles. He knew what was organisation (" Studentenhilfe ") run by the Berlin the persecuted scholars, and he prevailed upon happening around him and his strong sense of Jewish Gemeinde, I was to inquire if he would care Einstein to be the principal speaker in a team which humanity urged him to try his hand at practical ° address us, at a meeting to be held in the included Lord Rutherford, the physicist; Sir James politics. He was a pacifist by nature, a friend of ^ledenstempcl, on his theory of Relativity. I jeans, the astronomer; Sir .\usten Chamberlain and Man, but though he thus inevitably became the ^lled at his house in Caputh and found him in the Sir William Beveridge. The task must have seemed target for the new nationalists, it would be quite garden. He was all for it, but added, sadly: "I to the Professor exceedingly invidious, for, after all, erroneous to think that Nazism was responsible for ave had the same idea, but the Jewish authorities he would be speaking in a cause in which he was Einstein's Zionist affiliations. .\s far back as 1921, th '^"^ to let me use a synagogue for a purpose like personally concerned. But then it was the cause of he had accompanied Dr. Weizmann on a tour of IS- I replied that since our cause was a charity his very own people, his even more sorely stricken the United States to help raise funds for the St'^K ''^'g^'- *^ake a different view, and indeed Herr fellows in distress, and he felt he could not refuse— establishment of the Hebrew University. One day tahl, then chairman of the Berlin Jewish com- in spite of the Nazi murder threats. in 1927, I told him that Stefan Zweig, my late lunal executive, agreed at once. Helping His Brethren friend, would be happy to meet him, and Einstein , the lecture was sold out, and I don't think any- immediately asked me " to bring him round." At fo ^*^° ^^ ''* present that evening is likely to Held under the auspices of the Society of Friends, the International Student Service, the Refugee that tea-time meeting I listened to their discussion ev'^^^* 't. Even if some might not have understood on Zionism. Zweig, who had been a friend of ii ^'^y^^ing. they felt that a great man was amongst Professionals Committee and the Academic Assist­ Herzl's and was a writer with a strong sense of the °em. Our net proceeds were RM. 3,000. ance Council, the meeting was to launch a /1,000,000 th f s^"t Einstein a short letter of thanks in relief fund, and inspired by the patent sincerity of topical, appeared to me much more sceptical with regard to the realisation of Zionist dreams than the th' u"^"^ °^ ^^ anagram, and I recei\ed from him the great exile, dominating what might at that " star-gazer " Einstein. Naturally, Einstein would ?is hand-wTitten little poem :— evening well have been called the Albert Einstein not accept Zionism as just another variety of Revanche fiir das freundliche Gedichtlein Hall, it went far to realise the ambitious amount. violently aggressive nationalism, but as " the logical "usgeubt an Fri. Adelheid Levy " Never before," wrote an eyewitness, " had I seen solution to an age-old problem." "After all," he such a white heat of emotion engulf a people. Each 'jfrn liaii ich lien Handschuh aufgeno would say, " we are Jews, and as Jews members of speaker accused the Nazis in one ringing sentence the same Schicksalsgemeinschaft, and we are entitled .J'f' ^'^dr'aiich mit einem .4 nagramm gekommen, after another, their phrases more weighty and real ^"r mir nicht so niedertrdchtig bang to as much happiness as other national groups °' dem Madchennahmcn* lieblich, abcr lang. because of the presence of Einstein, who was the enjoy." evidence of their words." He was kind and helpful and considerate. He ..^f" ""' Zorneswogen klug geddmpft, Einstein spoke in simple terms as befitted the thought little of those famous men who dwell in '^lilden Sinn verbreitet, statt gekampft, man and the occasion. He spoke of liberty, of Olympian heights, rushing from university to 1''"^^' ^^^""cr-Trot: mit Grazie iiberwunden,** justice and of civilisation at the mercy of hate and university to collect degrees, and keeping lesser "'' "'ein Haus in Caputh ohne Miih' gefunden ? oppression. He expressed his gratitude to Britain humans at arm's length. Einstein lived among his " as a man, as a good European, as a Jew," and fellow-beings, a normal life of good citizenship, the fIndies gliickte Fraulein Adelheid. affirmed the " hope that a historian delivering kindred of all who are of good will. There was, '^nderzaklf von ihrer Reise weit, judgment in some future period, when Europe will perhaps, one group to whom he was more passion­ p.'^J'' auch, dass es klappte mit dem Tempel be politically and economically united, will be able ately attached than to others: the Jewish students, 'nae emer noch so ein Exempel ! to say that in our days the liberty and honour of this and especially those who had emerged from the Verbrochen am 26. XI Continent was saved by its Western nations." great reservoir of Jewish intelligentsia, the Eastern , von A. Einstein Never once did he mention the name of Germany ghettos. Removed from us by reason of his genius, ••^??i'='s if the original, or Nazidom. In fact, the meeting was advertised he yet belonged to us, for he was, much like Maimo­ ^'identc' K?f"^ '" ""^ difierences among the several Jewish nides to an earlier age, " the guide of erring "•^te (or .^^!^5 in Berlin which the SiudentinMfe sought to under the severely non-partisan title, " Science and "'» eonunon cause • Civilisation." The choice was not without design. humanity." Page 6 AJR INFORMATION June, 1955

Lutz Weltmann wireless. A pretty story was told about him, when he came to London about twenty years ago, which if it is not true has been well invented. An English THE NEW LESSING author ( I think it was the late secretary of the P.E.N. Club, Hermon Ould) told him that he was Thomas Mann at Eiglity a playwright, and Thomas Mann's reply was: " And N" a short biographical sketch written in 1929 nur erscheint sie zu kurz und man fiihlt sich I am a taler " (" tailor," for " teller of tales, story­ Iwhen he was awarded the Nobel Prize, Thomas berufen, sie ins einzelne auszumalen "), he inter­ teller "). I hope there will be no denial of this Mann expressed his belief that he would die in rupted his creative joys and addressed the German anecdote which must endear Thomas Mann parti­ 1945—as old as his mother was at her death. people on the ether. .\s the great master of parody, cularly to his fellow-refugees of the older generation. Happily enough, he wcis a false prophet in this he, who had developed a Kanzleistil suitable for his Thomas Mann helped not only to wage war against respect. We rejoice having him still amongst us artistic purposes, scolded them in the baroque angry Hitler with his pen and with his voice, he also and looking at him as a solitary giant among the language of Abraham a Santa Clara. Lucky in the remembered the plight of his fellow-refugees: during few surviving grand old men of letters. Future choice of his English translator—Miss H. T. Lowe- his exile in Prague he founded the Thomas Mann generations will hardly believe that such men ever Porter cannot be sufficiently praised—Thomas Mann Gesellschaft, an association quite different from were, the conditions of literature having changed learnt to master the English language to such a so much within this period of transition we are others bearing a famous author's name, intended degree that he can express himself in it as a vehicle not to fete him nor to propagate his work, but as a going through, and it is short of a miracle that of his thought and in a style of his own. It was Thomas Mann could achieve his greatness in times always a pleasure to listen to his victorious struggle relief fund for writers in need; and whilst living in such as ours. when he talked in English about Nietzsche or Switzerland, he founded a periodical with the The number of his books alone is a unique Goethe (at London University) or about the significant title Mass und Wert, giving refugee example of what both diligence and energy can do, German Character, about the Artist and Society, writers a platform and, at the same time, rescuing for Thomas Mann is an author of Lessing's kind, a Shaw, or more recently, about Tchechov on the the German cultural heritage for the future. man who must pump hard to produce his poetic work—and he is substantially a poet, though with From German to European the exception of some occasional hexameters and My personal reminiscences of Thomas Mann are heisst das iiberhaupt ? Soil es heissen: Kiisnacht his early drama " Fiorenza," a Platonic dialogue, few, but impressive. I met him first at the P.E.N. im Schweizerland, wo ich seit einem Jahr zu Hause he is a prose writer. In his own words, " a writer Banquet in Berlin on the occasion of the Nobel bin, so dass ich's als rechtes Ziel fiir ein Ret- is a man who finds writing more difficult than other Prize award to him. His brother Heinrich intro­ tungsboot noch nicht ansahen kann ? Bedeutet es, people do." duced me to him, and Thomas Mann remembered weiter zuriick, mein Haus im Miinchner Herzogspark, There is nothing slip-shod among his large output. at once that his children Klaus and Erika had told an der Isar, wo ich meine Tage zu beschliessen Its summits are the epoch-making novels " Budden- him about me—the former a contributor to Die gedachte und das sich auch nur als voriibergehendes brooks " (published in 1900); "Der Zauberberg," Literatur, the latter a plea.sant companion on one or Obdach und pied-d-terre erwiesen hat ? Nach Haus when he was fifty; " Joseph und seine Briider," two visits to Berlin theatres, after which we spent das miisste wohl noch weiter riickwarts gehen, ins four volumes commenced before he was sixty and some evenings together with Gottfried Benn and Kinderland und ins Liibecker Elternhaus, das an completed in America; and the works of his latest F'riedrich Burschell. With much warmth and seinem Platze steht in der Gegenwart und doch tief decade: " Lotte in Weimar"; " Doktor Faustus," cordiality Thomas Mann proved himself a family versunken ist ins Vergangene." the book he wrote as a septuagenarian and which man. Our second meeting was at the P.E.N, again, " Burger und KUnstler " he called himself his "wildest book"; "Der this time in London, at the Goethe Festival, and His latest book, one of this greatest, is the model of Erwahlte " (" The Holy Sinner ") after a theme he spoke to me about his feelings before he pro­ a modern Schelmenroman, the tricheur being a near of Hartmann's von .-\ue, complementing the novel ceeded to pay his first visit to Germany again. relation to an artist, Thomas Mann resuming his about demonic self-destruction by a confession of In the intervening years I had become a casual favourite theme, the poles " Biirger und Kiinstler,| his belief in the redeeming power of divine mercy; correspondent of his, apart from a previous editorial in a superb manner—the theme of " Tonio Kroger,' " Die Betrogene " (" The Black Swan "), a short exchange of letters when I asked for, and was sent, the only set book English students of German seeffl story in the vein of " Der Tod in Venedig " ; and his an essay on Gide. I congratulated him on his to like. As a story-teller Thomas Mann is here, latest, " Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix 60th birthday—" Nicht gedacht soil seiner werden " perhaps, at his greatest. The novel " Bekenntnisse KruU," a modern picaresque novel fascinating the was the official password. des Hochstaplers Felix KruU " is a sort of a parody reader equally through its vitality and through its In the same year " Leiden und Grosse der of Grimmelshausen and of Casanova at the same artistic perfection. Meister " was published, a collection of essays con­ time, parody understood in the special sense used " Adel des Geistes " taining that fundamental one about Wagner and by Thomas Mann, an element of irony and a means Some of Thomas Mann's admirers regret that he his " Rettung " of Count Platen whom we are of creating distance and yet sharper features. This has not written more short stories such as " Der accustomed to see too much through Heine's eyes, " parodistic" style—parody with a plus sign Tod in Venedig," " Tonio Kroger," or " Mario und though he was a noble-minded voluntary exile like (passages from " Lotte in Weimar " have been der Zauberer " (where, in 1929, he warned of himself:— quoted as genuine sayings of Goethe's) contributes flirting even with the then still respectable Fascism " Doch wer aus voller Seele hasst das Schlechte, even to the greatness of the events, nor does it of Mussolini). His recent book " Die Betrogene " Auch aus der Heimat wird es ihn verjagen, detract from their seriousness. One cannot narrate seems to justify this claim: it is the story of a Wenn dort verehrt es wird vom Volk der Knechte. biblical stories such as " Joseph und seine Briider middle-aged widow falling in love with a young Weit kliiger ist's, dem Vaterland entsagen, or medieval legends as Hartmann's " Gregorius Englishman; her children are shocked by it as by .\ls unter einem kindischen Geschlechte in a naive style, which could be only a tour de force, something unbefitting and disorderly; to her, Das Joch des blinden Pobelhasses tragen." and Thomas Mann moves us to tears when he having been deceived by the return of those .\nother essay, " Meerfahrt mit Don Quijote," relates Rachel's death, or Joseph's disclosure to his monthly symptoms whose absence she resented, it written while he was reading Cervantes' novel and brethren, or Pope Gregory's audience with his is an e.xperience of rejuvenation, but it is Death crossing the ocean, meditates: " Nach Haus, was mother, who had been, like Oedipus' mother, his calling her in the disguise of Youth. Like " KruU," wife. the " Magic Mountain " was originally conceived A JEW DISCOVERED THOMAS MANN I try to remember the impact the " Budden­ as a short story, not longer than " Tristan " and Still in his twenties at the time, Thomas Mann had brooks " made on me. It was comparatively late " Walsungenblut," perhaps as a " Tannhauser " to a hard struggle to get the " Buddenbrooks " published. in my development. Though rather catholic in my match them, but the creative process was full of The publisher only very reluctantly refrained from literary taste and too non-conforming to toe the surprises just as the author's life was. shortening the manuscript considerably. When the line of Richtungen, the " spark " of my formative It was a hard, but happy life but for the heavy book at last did come out, in 1900, it was by no means years, as far as contemporary literature was con­ blow he sustained through the premature death of assured of success. One influential critic compared cerned, came rather from Heinrich Mann's " Herzo- his son Klaus, a writer of great promise in his own it to " a truck whose wheels move very slowly in ginnen von Assy," and it was, perhaps, not by right; he shared this fate with the hero of many thick mud." Another, alluding to the author's reliance chance that I began to love this great book, only of his studies and of a novel. on personal experience, went so far as to accuse him after a recital by Ernst Deutsch, the actor, of " A Thomas Mann never shunned the " Forderung of slandering his own kin. Day in the Life of the Boy Hanno Buddenbrook.' des Tages, " the outcome of which was a great But then an enthusiastic review appeared in the number of exemplary essays (a selection from them Berliner Tageblatt which described the work as " an " Buddenbrooks " is a novel firmly based on the has been published under tiie characteristic title indestructible book that would grow in the course of German tradition, heimlich und heimisch deutsch, an " Adel des Geistes "). Nor did he shun the claims time and be read and read again by many generations." interplay between the social and the metaphysical, of public life, as the orator of " Deutsche An­ Who was the man endowed with the vision to recognise but Thomas Mann had succeeded in making the sprache " after the Xazi elections in 1930. He did at once a new master of world literature ? He was a German novel a European event. The element of not walk over the golden bridge the Nazis were, at Jewish critic, Samuel Lublinski. Born in East parody in the sense mentioned is already there, the beginning, prepared to build for him in spite Prussia in 1868, he had at first tried to write plays in and it has, either through direct influence or of his Jewish wife (nee Pringsheim). One can the then fashionable style of " neo-classicism." In because it wats in the air, become a chief character­ hardly picture him outside the comfortable sur­ this he was less successful than as a refined literary istic of contemporary art, not only of literature. roundings of a quiet study, and few writers were critic and historian, .i sudden death, in 1910, In literature James Joyce's " Ulysses " is the less cut out for life in the emigration, .^nd yet prevented him from translating his life's dream—his outstanding example, but Joyce's influence on the his prophetic mind pierced far into the future; own system of philosophy—into reality. ¥. F. modern novel has not been altogether salutary, m considering, in the twenties, the case of Ivan his latest book, " Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Bunin, the Russian writer in e.xile, he felt some * Felix Krull," a grand old man of eighty shows his " sympathy in advance for him, as he might share To mark his SOth birthday, a Thomas Mann contemporaries how to tell a story, how to thrill us his fate one day." Forest is to be planted in Israel. A three-men Com­ by the " What next ? " and yet to unfold the mittee has been founded in Tel .Aviv, consisting of Whilst working on the completion of his " Joseph wisdom of his world. Drs. Pinchas Rosen, Elias .4 uerbach and Erich Bloch. und seine Briider, " taking up a Goethean challenge We admire both the " What " and the " How Contributions should be sent to the Irgun Olei Merkas (" Hochst anmutig ist diese natiirliche Erzahlung, and wonder how Thomas Mann has achieved it. Europa, 15 Rambam Street, Tel Aviv. ^JR INFORMATION June, 1955 Page 7 Letter from Jerusalem Old Acquaintances Spring in the Hills of Judaea In Tyrannos:—Twenty thousand people At this time of year, after the rains have ended shores of the Promised Land—the six millions lost and the fresh young grass is sprouting in the hills, in the death camps of Nazi Europe. Every year a attended the celebration of Friedrich von Schiller's visitors are pouring into the country. The streets day is set aside on which the survivors can go up 100th birthday in London in 1859. The " Club of the towns are gay with bright shirts and into the mountains of Judaea, to the F'orest of the 1943," which honoured the 150th anniversary of twinkle with the glint of cameras; sales of English Martyrs, and there, by planting trees, pay tribute his death last month, attracted a record attendance ?iewspapers skyrocket. The telephone switchboards to those who perished in nameless graves. of 250; it was a memorable meeting. Hans J. Rehfisch, a founder and first president of that little in the luxury hotels are busy putting through calls This year, moreover, on the tenth anniversary to New York, San Francisco, Johannesburg, refugee community in Ixuidon, came especially from of the liberation of Bergen-Belsen, former camp Hamburg, where he lives now; he had not been here tendon. But the most noteworthy " long-distance " inmates gathered from all corners of Israel and, call made for the first time covered only some odd joined by delegations from abroad, planted a wood­ for nine years. Together with P.E.N. Club president 500 metres—from Jewish Jerusalem to the Jordanian land of their own as a new section to the greater Hans Flesch and Wilhelm Unger who arranged the Old City. Local Commanders on both sides of the Martyrs' F'orest. A rousing welcome was given to evening, he spoke about the German classic who "Order in the Jerusalem area communicate now the " Liberator of Belsen," the British Brigadier has so many connections with Britain. Lilly Kann, through a direct telephone line, according to an Gwyn Hughes, who was the first Allied officer to Li Nolden, Hanne Norbert, Leo Bieber, Gerard agreement of two years' standing, which was only enter the camp and organise medical services. Heinz, and F'rederich Valk recited from Schiller's recently implemented. Should a trigger-happy * work admirably. 'egionnaire start shooting again, the Israeli officer A last minute cancellation came from Dr. Otto H. "A Kid for Two Farthings":—The title of the Will ring up his counterpart in Jordan—probably Greve, first German Parliamentarian to enter nev^ and brilliant Carol Reed picture based on a the most peaceful way of establishing " contact " Israel, and chairman of the Bundestag Committee novel of the only 30-year-old Wolf Mankowitz is, with the enemy. for Individual Indemnification. He was invited by of course, taken from the Haggadah. The author To the newly arrived tourist, it is hard to believe the Union of Former Prisoners of Bergen-Belsen to hails from London's East End, and his story shows that this should be the same country he had read take part in the Memorial Assembly, and brought the authentic life around Petticoat Lane. We do about in glaring headlines at home—"Attacks on with him a list of 115 individuals who will receive not tell you this here to recommend a good film, ^ttlements," " Houses Blown Up," " Vehicles advance payments in cash totalling 500,000 Marks. but because we had a talk with the young man. "lined." But the apparent contradiction is only on The Hebrew press, however, launched a violent He disclosed he had obtained the rights of Bert the surface. Flourishing settlements which he will attack against his presence at the ceremonies, so Brecht's plays for England. Mankowitz, who a See are, in large part, the result of a co-ordinated that he was advised to stay at his hotel. few months ago presented a Jewish play in the policy aimed at strengthening the security of the A short while before, not far from this site, the " Embassy," hopes to produce first " Mother country. Only through a well-established chain of B'nei Brith Order, represented by their World Courage" and later "Dreigroschenoper" with villages, manning the frontier as well as producing President, Mr. Philip Klutznick, of Chicago, probably Lotte Lenja, Kurt W'eill's widow, and Mai the daily bread of the people, can Israel hope to dedicated the iirst saplings in a wood which will Zetterling. maintain her national integrity in a sea of hostile eventually comprise 500,000 trees. Mr. Klutznick This and That;—Actor Sigurd Lohde, who before "leighbours. The success of agricultural settlement called upon members of B'nei Brith the world over the war lived in this country and stayed in Australia Will be the ultimate gauge of the State's prospects not to forget their heritage; a man without after his internment to open a milk bar, returned 'or the future. memories was a dangerous being, he said, and a to Germany. He used to work as a chiropodist in * man who lived in his memories only was pitiful; London.—Ernest Morgan, younger brother of the one had to tie the yesterdays to the morrows, as late and unforgotten comedian Paul Morgan, works Spring in Israel is not only the season of the the trees in the Martyrs' Forest—preserving the as food controller in New York's " Hotel Commo­ Soil's rebirth. It is the time of the year when the memory of the past, yet growing into the future. dore " and paints as a side-line.—Gisi Bermann- Jewish community recalls those less fortunate than Fischer, daughter of the famous publisher, will themselves, who did not succeed in reaching the HERBERT FREEDEN. appear on the stage for the first time in Ziirich and play " Of Mice and Men. "—Old-time film star "NATHAN THE WISE'' Fern Andra, now married to an American general, returned to Germany and announced the production A Grand Performance by Ernst Deutsch of a picture about the fighter pilot von Richthofen. It is not without significance that East and West pogrom in which his wife and seven sons were oerlin vie with each other in presenting Lessing's murdered begins with a stammer; he is not yet Home News:—Two continental artists had bad Nathan der Weise." It really seems that the able to talk of the most terrible; he suffers as his luck here lately: Dr. Paul Czinner, Elisabeth hour has come to bring home to Berliners, in both wounds open, he witnesses again the most terrible Bergner's husband, showed his production of " Don halves of the divided city, the greatest poetic drama scene. Gradually his voice gains in intensity, and Giovanni," photograjihed from the stage in Salzburg of religious and racial toleration ever written by a his ultimate outcry is heart-breaking. The Jewish last year, in the Royal Festival Hall, and didn't >^rinan. In East Berlin's Deutsches Theater, once sufferings of our own time, the loss of six million please the opera and film fans. Martha Eggerth the headquarters of Max Reinhardt, Nathan is Jews butchered for the same reasons for which alone saved the Viennese production of " Merry played by one of Reinhardt's great actors, Eduard Nathan's family had to die, are brought to life in Widow" at the "Palace "; her husband, Jan von Winterstein, who, now in his 84th year, revives Deutsch's interpretation. No one in the audience Kiepura, and the ensemble couldn't satisfy the the old tradition of presenting Nathan as the aged could have remained unmoved; no one could have audience.—Herbert Lorn left the cast of " The patriarch, great and noble, with just a touch of missed the tragic topicality of Nathan's accusation King and I."—Robert Lantz, who left London six Jewishness." against man's inhumanity. years ago to become one of the leading agents in New York, came on a short visit to see " Kismet " How different from his is the performance given It was a performance seldom seen in the theatre of our day, and it was answered with an enthusiastic at the " StoU," in which he has an interest.— at the same time by Ernst Deutsch in West Berlin's Composer Allan Gray is writing the music for his p^niUertheater ! Directed by Karl Heinz Stroux applause rarely heard in any theatre. O. Z. (Berlin) first German post-war picture in Munich.—Carl (Who is exchanging Berlin for Dusseldorf), the Ebert will come to England to direct " The Barber dramatic poem " loses much of that academic of Seville " for Edinburgh.—Julius Gellner returned eneer and pathetic artificiality which was a feature WALTER VON MOLO-75 from Israel, where he produced " King Lear " for .* traditional productions. Instead, he brings to When, five years ago, Rudolf Pechel, the un­ Habimah. 'le the comic elements, not only in the scenes daunted editor of Die Deutsche Rundschau, referred ^minated by the Patriarch of Jerusalem and the to the publication to which, on the occasion of Milestones:—However hard some actors and 2'°sterbruder, but also in those at Saladin's court, Walter von Molo's 70th birthday, more than 40 actresses try to hide their real age, the German oU ^'^ ^^^ figure of Daja (pleasantly played by an poets, WTiters, scientists, politicians and friends newspapers just look up their reference libraries and ^'d acquaintance, Lotte Stein). But the stress laid from the four corners of the earth had contributed, publish the naked truth. Otherwise one would not ^ n the comic parts greatly helps, by way of contrast, he mentioned the remarkable note of personal know that Lucie Mannheim celebrated her 50th th "'^'^^'•line the tragic and deeply moving parts of affection expressed by people of all walks of life. birthday already a few days ago. We remember "lat wonderful work. He quoted from my contribution the sentence in the wonderful actress best from her successes under -Never before was Nathan portrayed with so much which I called Molo " einen tapferen und hochge- Jiirgen F'ehling on New Year's Eve in Berlin's mour and benign grace as in Ernst Deutsch's sinnten deutschen Menschen, der sich treu geblieben State Theatre. Married to Marius Goring, who ^rformance. In the beginning, he is the wealthy ist und der darum auch keines Gesinnung-Alibis speaks German nearly as well as she does, L. M. is, j-^'^h merchant, grown up in levantine surround- bedarf." of course, well known in this country though she acts now more often in Germany.—PlaywTight Ba ri *°"* *° deal with his opposite numbers in On June 14 Molo will be 75. As one of his oldest Fritz von Unruh got a medal when he was 70 last Cain 1 "^ and in Egypt, the owner of caravans of and most intimate friends, I repeat the words I month. He returned only a few years ago from his horn • '^^'"'^'•^g all the riches of the Orient to his wrote then. But I would like to add that, as a Jew, I always remember Molo as one of the very few who exile in the States, but is so disappointed in Ger­ tha ^ '" Jerusalem. He is a man of culture rather many that he wants to emigrate again. 5^1" of " wisdom " in the sense of the Talmudic openly condemned the shameless desecrations of dei^ ^^ 's 'lot rabbinical in speech and Jewish cemeteries, which were ominously heralding News from Everywhere:—Else Bassermann will IQQ, ^"lour, but rather a man of the world who has the advent of Nazi terror and brutality. Molo had be in a Lorca play in Gottingen.—Israeli star Chaja pf .^^ at his time with watchful eyes and inter- to live in Germany as a lonely " Deutscher ohne Hararit attended the Cannes Film Festival when fiut H^ 'lis experience with good common sense. Deutschland "—the title of one of his best-known her first picture " Hill 24 Doesn't Answer " was Of h '^' ^^'^^'^ ""ith the loss of the most cherished books on the tragic figure of Friedrich List. shown successfully.—Egon Goliat, who used to run a^rt'^ possessions, his adopted daughter Recha, My dear Walter, I wish you many years of a guest-house together with his wife Trude Kolmann bri^J '•^^ened for hiding a Christian child and undiminished intellectual, moral and physical in England during the war, became director of statp ?? ^^' up as a Jewess, he opens his heart to strength in a new Germany, as visualised by you in Munich's Light Opera House. mask "^^asons. Then Ernst Deutsch drops the all your life and work. of mundane elegance. The story of the LEON ZEITLIN (London). PEM Page 8 AJR INFORMATION June, 1955

latter category must be mentioned Renate Meyer s THE ARTS " Hessel Street.'' This large canvas, depicting a pleasant to be able to recommend Israeli records group of Jews talking in a market, is achieved with ISRAEL ORCHESTRA RECORDS great technical virtuosity. The black, raven-like The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, which is now not from " patriotic " motives but for their true artistic value. ROBERT WELTSCH figures in the foreground against the pale yellow of touring Europe and will shortly appear in this the market make a striking impression which stays country, has been described by a London periodical in the mind's eye, though the picture lacks the as one of the " extremely few welcome by-products ANNUAL BEN URI EXHIBITION warmth and humanity of Mr. Maurer's treatment of of the Hitler regime." It is also one of the many similar subjects. Finally, amongst the " top ten important contributions which the Central Euro­ The avowed aim of this exhibition (April 24— of this exhibition must be included Lawrence pean emigration has made to the cultural life of May 15) was " to encourage all artists without Israel. It is most gratifying to have, even before prejudice." The result was the appearance of a Josephs' two striking woodcuts, " Reclining the concerts, a series of truly first-class records of remarkable number of refugee artists but also, Figure " and " From the Song of Songs," both this orchestra, all conducted by Paul Kletzki. inevitably, a mass of extremely varied work. exciting and original in conception and execution. Outstanding among the 124 items (110 pictures In my view it is fortunate that the recorded Of the rest, Arthur Galliner's two London views and 14 sculptures) were the two portraits by music is by Mendelssohn, Mahler, and Schonberg, and one portrait show considerable technical skill, Lawrence Marcuson—especially that of the young the three greatest Jewish composers of the last marred by a slightly pedantic concentration on girl. Mr. Marcuson has a vivid, almost brutal style; century, all of them also representatives of that detail. Ziegler's " Siesta " has great flow of line his use of colours is daring, but in no way affected. Central European culture with which the Jews were and atmosphere. W. Tirr's " The Path " is a fine More in the Jewish tradition are Moshe Maurer's so closely linked during a whole century. To my composition, experimental in its use of light and three delightful oils: " Music Party," " The Chess regret, it is hardly possible to do more at the planes, while Fritz Kramer's "Portrait " of a gi" Players " and " Purim Carnival." These paintings present moment than enumerate the titles. There is technically expert in a conventional genre. have an almost childlike simplicity and fantasy, IS Mahler's First (Columbia 33CX 1207), Mendels­ with a touch of caricature as well as pathos. These Whilst this exhibition was well worth a visit, one sohn's " Scotch Symphony," together with " Meeres- two artists, different as they are in style and subject, could not help feeling that, with the few exceptions Stille und Gliickliche Fahrt " (Col. 33CX 1219), stand head and shoulders above the rest. At the already indicated, most of the arti.sts, even tbo.se finally Mahler's Ninth on two discs (Col. 33CX same time they are typical of two clear-cut trends whose technique was beyond reproach, did not 1250/1) with Schonberg's " Verklarte Nacht " —the completely assimilated " European " on the venture, in subject or style, outside well-trodden string sextette on the fourth side. one hand, the Eastern Jewish on the other. In the conventional paths. P. Z. The playing is beautiful throughout. Lovers of Mendelssohn will enjoy the vivid and spirited Notes by the Way performance of the Scotch, while Mahler enthusiasts, of whom there must be plenty among the readers Dreyfus Affair Not Antisemitic ? who once tried to dismiss Hitler as a " tool of big of this journal, can only be told that they will be Several years ago a British author rewrote business." Of course. Hitler succeeded and the anti- richly rewarded. 1 certainly never heard these history by presenting the Emperor Nero as essenti­ Dreyfusards didn't. What was really their afta'f works better performed before, and I have heard a ally a gentleman who, in the famous definition, eventually served to cleanse France. Would the great deal. Paul Kletzki proves himself a deeply will never inflict pain. Much of the shock I then same could be said of Germany after the Hitler understanding conductor of this kind of music, and felt was revived when I saw the widely discussed affair. the Orchestra plays the more animated parts with " reassessment " of the Dreyfus case, by Guy Schiller and the Jews great vigour and splendour and the slow movements Chapman, which finds that " antisemitism played It seems strange lo think how many people have with moving, almost heavenly sweetness. It is very little, perliaps no part in the arrest of the unhappy discussed " Goethe and the Jews " and how fe* victim or in his trial ": it was all a play of circum­ " Schiller and the Jews," also how many Jews have stance and/or the upshot of muddleheaded incom­ described the life of Goethe and how few (none, 1 petence. believe) the life of Schiller. This occurred to me the I don't believe it. I know I must be careful not other day on the 150th anniversary of Schiller s Dr. David Daube to suspect antisemitism where plainly none exists. death. Yet Schiller saiil some remarkable things Regius Professor at Oxford But if Professor Chapman is right, then it seems to about the Jews. Jn his little known essay on the The Queen has approved the appointment of me a " reassessment " is due not of the Dreyfus " Mission of Moses," he refers to the establishment Dr. D. Daube, Professor of Jurisprudence at Aber­ affair but of antisemitism. The significance of The of the Jewish State as " one of the most memorable deen University, to be Regius Professor of Civil Affair in France still smarting under the humiliation events preserved by history " with an " impact I.aw at Oxford University. of 1870 was the same (albeit on a smaller scale) as on the world that continues to this very moment. Dr. Daube, 46, a native of Freiburg i.B., came to the significance of Nazidom in Germany after the He goes on: "In a certain sense it is irrefutably England after he had been deprived in 1933 of his humiliation of 1918. The Jew was chosen as a true that we owe to the Mosaic religion a large post as assistant lecturer on Roman Law at Got­ scapegoat by those who sought to undo the defeat portion of the enlightenment which we today tingen University. Before his appointment at by arousing that fierce nationalism which has no enjoy ... So regarded, the Hebrews must appear to Aberdeen in 1950 he was University Lecturer in use for the civilisation of democracy. us as an important nation in universal history, an" Law at Cambridge and Fellow of Granville and If the scoundrels who pounced on Dreyfus were all the evil tales told about them, all efforts ot Caius College. He was also Special Lecturer in incompetent, they were not so incompetent as to cunning minds to belittle them, will not hinder u^ Talmudic Law at the IjDndon School of Oriental miss the relevance of the victim's Judaism. To from showing justice towards them." Schiller s Studies in 1948 and in Roman Law at the Hebrew treat them as if they had just been muddleheaded description later on of the bondage in Egypt is- University in 1949. is no more enlightened than was the vision of those unavoidably, a classic account of Nazi persecution.

FAMILY EVENTS E.XPERIENXED TRAVELLER, good Accommodation OFFICE to let; one room, 100 sq. ft- salesman, seeks position with London furnished, first floor. West End, near Entries in this column art fret of WANTED URGENTLY, room for firm. Box 159. elderly lady in exchange for modest Regent St. Vacant .\ugust or later. charge. Texts should be tent in by tht Box 146. iSth of tht Month. BOOKBINDER, experienced, seeks rent and baby-sitting. Box 161. work. Prompt attention. Cxjllection Miscellaneous Birth TO LET, well furn. bed-sitting room, and delivery. Box 160. use of kitchen, for business lady in DEUTSCHE BUTCHER-CESUCHT I Stem.—On May 2 a son (Henry Women R. & E,,SteinerrS4 Talgarth Rd., W.l* Alfred) was bom to Irene (nie Marx) quiet flat, 2 min. Undergr. Stat. Tel.: SHORT HU. TYPG., English/German. GLA.1772. WV 7924 and Richard Stem, of 6 Randolph Exp. quick worker wants part-time or VACANCY FOR PEIiM-A'KENT W.\NTED, second-hand mahogany Crescent, London, W.9. home work. Box 147. GUEST, lady or gentleman, in beauti­ bedstead, table, chairs, small iteros- Death TYPIST/TRANSLATOR, intelligent, fully situated well-heated country Box 145. Mr. Max Wetzler, of 14 Chessington reliable, wants home work. Box 148. house. Continental cooking, every diet. TO SELL, cosy-stove, all fuel burner, Court, London, N.3, passed away after SHORTHD.-TYP., German only, Mr3.,^K. Schwarz, " Furzedown," warm, reliable, good condition, large a short illness at the age of 79. Deeply wants part-time work. Box 149. WiSbd Road, Hindhead, Surrey. size, £1 10s. GLAdstone 8192. moumed by his wife, son, daughter-in- LADY/COOK, exp. Engl. & Conti­ FOR SALE. Medium Oak " Herren- law and two grandchildren. nental, wants part-time job, also as zimmer-Suite," by Prof. Bruno Pau|' CLASSIFIED companion. Box 150. ALL MAKES 10 items. 'Phone City 5949. Situations Vacant DRESSMAKER wants work with BOUGHT Personal JUNIOR ASSISTANT, 18-23, wanted private dressmaker. Alterations cons. LADY, middle-age, fine personality for well-known Jewish library. Know­ Box 151. SOLD and appearance, professional, inde' ledge German, typing. Box 163. DARNING, KNITTING, done as EXCHANGED pendent, seeks companionship, vie> home work by exp. woman. Box 152. marriage. Box 144. Situations Wanted FINISHER f. DRESSES wants part- Men REPAIRED ANP MAINTAINED MISSING PERSONS CORRESPONDENCE of any kind, time or home work, can also do mend­ Enquiries from AJR copies also carefully done by exp. ing by hand. Box 153. Klein, James, Junr., from Berlin, f" merchant. Box 15ti. ALTERATIONS AND REPAIRS for ELITE TYJ>i^WRITER Co. Ltd. Hanna Scheunemann, nee Bamberg' COATS and COSTUMES by exp. Heidelberg. FORMER MANUF. OF UNDER­ -7<-WILbMk 15U- WEAR wants position in clothing pro­ woman; 10 yrs. w. West End firm. Perlberger, Josef Chairri, fro"^ duction as stock controller. Last Box 154. Nuremberg, Amannstr. 7, for Obe' position 12 yrs. Knowl. of French, ATTENDING ON SICK AND IN­ I IT CRAWFORD STREET finanzdirektion, Bremen. . Hebrew, Dutch, Polish, typg. and VALIDS done by exp. resp. person. "off BAKER STREET. W.l Teper, Maia, born 1906 at Fiirtn. bookkeeping. Box 157. Box 155. for brother Isaac Teper, Buenos Air* • AJR INFORMATION June, 1955 Page 9

On May 12 Mr. Max Wetzler passed away in OBITUARY his SOth year. The son of a Jewish minister and BERNHARD KAHN Dr. Hans J. Turkheim, a member of the Royal deeply devoted to the cause of Jewry, he served Society of Medicine and chairman of the Continental the .\JR, as a member of their Board, with the Hilfsverein and Joint Dental Society in Great Britain, died in London same devotion with which he had served, in various Dr. Bernhard Kahn, who died at New Y'ork at on April 27, aged 65. Having once been Professor capacities, the Gemeinde of Diisseldorf. With his the age of 79, was for many j'ears European Director and Director of the Scientific Laboratory at the family, a large circle of friends will always honour of the Joint. Distribution Committee. But among University of his native Hamburg, he was prominent his memory. ••eaders of this journal he is no doubt best remem­ in the International .-Association for Dental Research Mr. Otto Haas, the outstanding specialist dealer bered as the Secretarv-General of the Hilfsvevein and the Federation Dentaire Internationale. Equally in old books, and MSS. relating to music, died in

CLUB 1943 Maimonides ; Guide to the Perplexed. Ed. Jv- "ASHDALE GUESTHOUSE:» » CONTINENTAl Guttmaii. Cloth 21/- ^f 23 BEAULIEU ROAD, ,B6URNEMOUTH W. Roth, Cecil : A Short History of .«ft Jewish ALBERT EINSTEIN BOARDING HOUSE People. IlluEtrated, cloth 2S/- ,^- On beautiful " Ahitn Chine, " 5 min. Sea. Buber, Martin: Das PrqJipKm der Menschen. MEMORIAL MEETING All Conveni^ntes. Excellent Cuisine. in Hampstead 172 pp., doth 13/6 ^/f" TERMS: J'rom 4\-7 gns., according German Books Bo^pight & Sold UKVL ONLY TUESDAY, JUNE ^th, 8 p.m. Single—Double Rooms, H.C.W. ^Ho room and season. Lpl^ MAYER BOOKS Full or Partial Board T>* Grey House, Plough Lane, ' Broadhurst Gardens, N.W.6 Pho^%': Westbourne 619471. Prop. E. BRUDER near Finchley M. Tube Station '' Stoke Poges, Bucks. Moderate Termi Ring MAI 0079 Speakers: Prof.,trwin Freundlich "FURZEDOWN" '•' y' (St. Andrews University) The ideal place for holidays and convalfillcence "ARLET" ^ Prof. H. Fuerth Large garden with sunshed* HANS PREISS .'' (Bedford College, London) Running h. & c. water in all firs^iToor bedrooms 77 St. Gabriel's Ro^d, Home atmosphere, Con^e'ntaj cookinf, International Booksellers Lt/Vi he addresses will be given in German alt diets, Children welcome London, N.wi Book early for Easter.Y^tsun and summer months Tel. Gla./wiv 14 Bury Place, London^'W.C.l y Tickets: 2 6 at the Door Permanent Gueita aivtl Visitors coming to Reduced terms for-off-season periods and for long London are welcome in my exquisitely HOL 4941 y oc„permanent residents furnished and cuMivated Private Guest House Hot & Cokf Water, Central Heating, IMPORTANT PUBL/CATIONS: THE DORICE WyJ6d Road. Hindhead, Surrey ^ ^Garden, Television. r Contip^tal meals can be provided if desired. Very Becker-Huber-Kuester : Bundesentschadigungs­ ^^•^' Telephone Hindhead 335 Continental Cuisine — Licensed £OQ(l^residential district. Buses and Tube very near gesetz. Kommentar. (Juit published.) 988 pp., ,i*"£- '' Mrs. Lotte Schwarz cloth i'4-10-0. y l'»a Findiley Rd., N.W.3 MAI 6301 Bundes-Entscbadigup^sgesetz (mit den drei SCHREIBER'S GUEST HOUSE aeuen Durchfuhni^sverordnungeqL Textaus- Partie« catered for 26 Blenheim Gardens^^.V.! Non-Orthodox ,.' gabe. bds. 4s. §*K n BundesgesetiWatt Teil I, Nr. U,'19S5 (3. DV Vacant Garden pltfbr Room, Boarding House has vajpaif^y zum BEG)Xs- 3d. ROSEMOUNJP'"^' ceotr^ Seating H. & C. water in^eveVy room Palandt_-6urgerliches Gesetzbuch. I4th rev, ed., 1955, SW17 pp., cloth £4-5-0. 17 Parsifal Roadf'N.W.6 Comfortabl$/borne, also for the Elderly Continental Fo^tK' Nice Garden mall-orders welcomed HAM. Sisd Erery eoBTenieace, T.V., Dining-raom / Loimce ^>K)derate Terms ^ •"^ Boardip^-liouse with culture ^'^' GLA 5622 ^^ Gladstone 2107 WOLFF-BRODY Boarding House I'Home for you .^ lerly people welcotned J. A. C. / have one vacancy. Large comfortabje''' BROADHURST HA!^ HARROGATE newly furnished and decoratedj»tfm BROAOHURST GARDENS,' N.W.i All conveniences, first-class^Zsfltinental ROLLS' HOSPITAL (behind John Bamak) OAKBRAE GUEST fHOUSE cuisine. Moderateterms ''s & Teddies of any malse repaired. Elderly popple welcome Op«n Dally from 3 p.ga.—1 •.m. Mrs. M. Eger 3 Springfield Avenue G. LE^V,"'' for / OppositeWajestic Hotel 3-5 JHeffistal Road, N.W.6 87 Boundary lload, N.W.S Few rriJBUtes from Royal Baths (near-A'bbey Road) Teas, Diniiers and _'"^ MAI 8511 () Exc^lerit Coolcing Full or Part Board ipX & QIFT SHOP late.^^uppers Telephone 67682 LEO HOROVITZ ,.' >rt English & Cxjntinental Toys. Excellent Cuisine — Tea Garden Coffee Lounfte — Own Viennese Patlueiie CLIFTON HOUSE SCULPTOR-STONEMASON SHERRIFF D.\Y NUR§ERY • Fully Licenaed MEMORIALS F^'ALL Dance* by Candlelight: Wedneaday 19 Tisbury Road, Hove Principal: Dr. L. CoUioe» SAtnrday and Sunday Evening CEMETfiffJES open 8 a.m. to ^p.m. A Tel. Hove 71000 Happy atmospbrtfe \J LARGE HALL for 16 FA\ter Terms 5 Gns. weekly W^llAMPSTEAD, N.W.* 3-5terriff Road, W est Hampstead Membara and Friends Raaarr. MAI MIT Weekend Friday to Sunday 35/- ^^ Telephone : HAMpatewl 25M Tel.: MAI 9961 Pa&e 10 AJR INFORMATION June, 1955 PHOTOCOPIES OF DOCUMENT^ If it's TYPEWRITERS ALL STYLE ll'xS' 1/6 ^-'^ Phone: Ube (Beneral XTransport additional charge for first.pie$ 5d. MAI12 71 DECORATING Co. xto. GOLDE. RSTAT A . BREUER', MAC 1454 I}, Coopers Row, London, E.C.3 Tel.: ROY»l 8871/8 Head Office: IS^bOWNHAM RD., N.I 57 Fairfax Rd. Phones: CLIssold 43M-i7l3-67l4 E. MIEDZWINSKI fntcrnotiono/ %t\\pp\i\i & forwarding Agents N.W.6. for IMPORTS Rfsiitince: 54 GOLDERS GARDENS 27 JEFFREYS RD., S.W.4 EXPORTS N.W.ll Phone: SPEedwell 5M3 REMOVALS ^y WAREHOUSING While you wait ^ PACKING M. FISCHLER VESOP PHOTOCOPIES OF YOUR Our subsidiary Company— CONTINKNTAL UPHOLSTERY for ruufouring Soups. FIRST CLASS WORKMANSHIP AND BEST DOCUMENTS Btcwass & General MATERIALS USED. CARPETS SUPPLIED Slews. Qnufie&eiB. dranspotttf ItD AND FITTED BELOW SHOP PRICES from 1/6 onwards deals with Passenger bookinis by CURTAINS, DRAPES AND MATTRESSES Phone for appointment: Tues. to Sat. 9 a.m.-2 p.m. AIR RAIL A SEA MADE. ALSO FRENCH POLISHING •nd for all AIR CARGO 117, MELROSE AVENUE, N.WJ. Mrs. H. M. Barry AGENTS FOR ALL LINES TeL: EDO Mil Flat 115, 20 Abbey Rd., St. John's Wood, CUN 48M Ext. 115 N.W.S

trancti Qfftctt at Liverpool, Manchester, PARIS BOULOGNE S/MER. G. LEA We con quote for C.I.F. PRICES world NORBERT COHN wide. tnquiriu wilt receive prompt 87 BOUNDARY ROAD, N.W.S F.B.O.A. (Hons.) O. Orth. attention (Off Abbey Road) OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN Repairs of Prams M. GLASER 20 Northways Parade, Finchley Road, PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER Handbags, Travel Goods Swiss Cottage, N.W.3. AU Ra-Upbolstery, Carpets, .^£- Tel. PRIMROSE 9M0. Pamltore Repair, French Polishing WILL BB DONE TO YOUR AJR ESSENtlAL FOR FIRST CLASS SATISFACTION— CONTINENTAL COOKING H. KAUFMANN Pbone HAMpatead UOl or call at HAJyPICRAFT-CBOUP 1/8 per 8 oz. bottle aa FINCHUCY RD. (CUlda HUl), N.W.] Obtainable from Orocera and Stores I6B Hampstead Hill Gardens, N.W.3 Great selection of attractive and useful Manutactured by VESOP PRODUCTS LTD. A. OTTEN F.B.P.A: ojoM.) 498 Homsey Road, London, N. If Tel. HAMpstead 8936 GIFTI§1 DECORATING OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN at reasonable prices. H. WOORTMAN and 8 Baynes Mews, Hampstead, N.W.S jBlf^' lit, FINCHLEY ROAD Gift tokens available GENERAL BUILDING WORK Tel. HAM^974 Orders for any kind of needlework will be glidly accepted Continental Builder 8 Decorator STANDARD SEWING 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS, L. A. PREECE Sp^alist in Dry Rot Repairs MACHINE SERVICE LTD. FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.3 Experienced Decorator Estimates free Tel.: WEL 2518 (Felrftx Rotd corner) MAI. 444* First Class Work — Personal Supervision Ali makes sewing machines Sold, Bought Reasonable Prices Open: Monday—Thursday lO-l, 3-6 P. DAVID and Exchanged. Easy Terms. Repair* 15 St. Annes Road, Barnes, S.W.13 Friday 10-1 Repairs & Alterations promptly Executed. Phone: PRO 5111 Ladies & Gents- Garments SPACE DONATED BY 112 CRAWFORD ST.. BAKER ST., W-l S. F. & O. HALLGARTEN Dyers. <£' Cleaners Ring Wines end Spirits 89 CbaUc Farm Road, N.W.I Importers & Esporters near Chalk Farm Tube Station HAMpstead 4150 I CEVTCHZD Fituits, LOMDOH, E.C.3 TeL GUL 1527 NEWMAN'S or 4686 Pass the driving test the first time with— COSY for Chauffeur-driven THE ACADEMY OF MOTORING SLIPPERS Limousines and Saloon Cars DRIVING TUITION 1955 DUAL CONTROL CARS ANY DISTANCE DAY & NIGHT Day, evening and Complete courses weekend tuition from £4-16-0 NORWEI§^T b^ FOR OUR PUPILS' CONVENIENCE—you may be called for at your CAR HIRE ..-' residence or place of business! Local briHich—235 West End Lane, N.W.6. (near West Hampstead Station: 517a Finchley Road, Telepftone: SWIss Cottage 2439 Bakerloo Line) Hampstead, N.W.3 NEWMAN'S SLIPPERS JEWISH BOOKS ~ First class Reissner & CoUberg BLACKBURN of any kind, new and 2nd hand. Whole libraries and singl^..«olumet -SHOE REPAIRS- ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS imtiKht. Taleisim. Ba^irituling Valentine & Wolff Ltd. Collect and^etiver 141 Canterbury Road, N.W.6 Insurance Brokers M. SULZBACHER .^ MAI 6721 JEWKM ft H^S>tt BOOKS (also nurchase) in astociation ivitb 4 Snaath AVenue, Goldert Green Rd. Befofe 8.15 a.m. and after 7 p.m. ARBON, LANGRISH & Co., Ltd. Lon^0lf,' N.W.ll Tel.: SPI IM4 Pho 9875 or HAM 1037 .-'^ MAI 2646, 0359 HASILWOOD HOUSE 52, BISHOPSGATE The SiMORE Lnui>iuit\T ud. LONDON, E.C.2 Tel.: LONdon WaU 2366 CONTINENTAL LAUNDRY SPECIALISTS (10 Lines) We serve you now with newly installed Radio-Telephones All Types of Insurance* with Most London Districti Served • Write or phoite the Manager Lloydf and all Companiei Mr. E. Hearn, I Stronsa Rd., London, W.i2 Tel.: SHE 4575 Printed by LANGLKY k SONS, Ltd., The Eustou Praee, London. N.W.I.