R Annegret Kehrbaum and Bernhard Korte, Conservation Society, Issue 5, Spring 1993, “Reconstruktionen von Rechenmaschinen am For- pp. 23-31. schungsinstitut fur Diskrete Mathematik,” Bonner Uni- versit#s BlMer, 1993, pp. 49-73. The published form of a talk that outlines the history of the Altair, the Zilog Z80, the IMSAI, the IBM PC, and the An account of the program of replication of historic calcu- software-used with them. lating machines under way at the University of Bonn.

0 Ralph E. Weber, Masked Dispatches: Cryptograms Cl Peter H. Sachs, “Farewell to Berkeley UNIX,” UN/X and Cryptology in American History, 1775-1900, Center Review, Vol. 12, No. 5, May 1994, pp. 39-44. of Military History (E324), National Security Agency (Fort George G. Meade, Md. 20755-6000), 1993, 236 An account of the development of Unix at Berkeley from PP. 1974 until Berkeley’s last release of a version of the operat- ing system in 1993. Complimentary copies available while limited supply lasts. Weber’s account describes American cryptography before the widespread use of machines, let alone . 0 Tony Sale, “The Revisited,” Com- puter Resurrection: The Bulletin of the Computer Con- servation Society, Issue 5, Spring 1993, pp. 5-l 0. 0 Glenn Zorpette, “The Edison of Secret Codes,” Invention and Technology, Vol. 10, No. 1, Summer 1994, pp. 34-43.

0 Robin Shirley, “Altair and After: the Original PC An account of the life and cipher machines of the Ameri- Revolution,” Computer Resurrection: The Bulletin of the can inventor Edward Hebern (1869-1952).

/ffE Annals of the History of Computing, Volume 16,1994, Subject/Title Index (Author Index appears on page 104.)

13th IFIP World Computer Conference Advanced Scientific Computer (ASC), No. I, Analog computation, No. I, 4 (Happenings), No. 3,57 49 Analytical Engine, No. 3, 5, 58, No. 4,6, 9 90th Birthday Wishes to George Robert AECL, see Atomic Energy of Limited, Analytical Engine, The (rev.), No. I, 80 Stibitz (title), No. 2, 3 No. 2,s Anderson-Fermi Computer, No. 4,6 1 Aiken, Howard, No. I, 64, No. 2, 51, No. 4, 12 Andrews, E.G., No. 2,6 A Airline reservations, No. I, 63 Annals of the History of Computing, No. 4, 80 ALGOL 60, No. 4,3 1 Annual Review in Automatic Programming, A Universal Computer Language (AUL), No. Algol, No. 4, 3 1 No. 3, 62 4,79 Algol-58, No. 3,48 Antonelli, Kay Mauchly, No. I, 32 A.M. Turing Award, No. 3, 57 Alice, John A., Lewis M. Branscomb, Harvey Antonelli, Severo, No. 1, 29 ABC, see Atanasoff-Berry Computer, No. I, Brooks, Ashton B. Carter, and Gerald L. Applied Mathematics Laboratory, No. 4,60 28 Epstein, Beyond Spinoff: Military and APT, see Automatic Programming Tool, No. Abramson, Norman, No. 4,82 Commercial Technologies in a Changing 3,42,53 ACE, see Automatic Computing Engine, No. World (rev.), No. 3, 12 Arabic drawings, No. 4,7 4,13 Alkema, T., No. 4,2 1 Arlington Hall Station, No. 4,77 ACM Awards (Happenings), No. 3,57 Allan, Stephen, No. 4,49 Arming American Scientists: NSF and the ACM Guide to Computing Literature, No. 4, Allouette satellite project, No. 2, 48 Provision of Scientific Computing Fa- 81 ALOHAnet, No. 4, 82 cilities for Universities, 1950-1973 (title), ACM Siggraph, No. 3, 54 Alpine, No. 3, 45 No. 4,60 ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Alto Ethernet adapter, No. 4, 86 Arnborg, Stefan, No. 4, 34 Languages Conference, No. 4,80 Alto, No. 4, 83 Amoldi, Wilhelm, No. 3, 12 ACM, see Association for Computing Ma- Amdahl470, No. 2,70 ARPA, see Advanced Research Projects chinery, No. I, 28 American Airlines, No. I, 63, No. 2, 32 Agency, No. 4,64,12-73, 81 Adalia Ltd., No. 2, 32 Amicable Life Assurance Company, No. 3,6 ARPAnet, No. 4, 82 Advanced Micro Devices, No. 3,66 Ammann, Charles, No. I, 63 ASC, see Advanced Scientific Computer, No. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), Amsterdam Municipal Museum, No. 3, 17 I, 49 No. 4,64,12-73, 8 1 ANIAPQ-24, No. 2,23 Ashcroft, Ed, No. 4,42

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994 95 1994 Index

Aspray, William (fig.), No. 4,14 Bell Telephone Laboratories, No. 2, 6 Cajole program (fig.), No. 4,5 1 Aspray, William, “The History of Computing Bell, Gordon, No. 4, 87 Cajole, No. 4, 5 1 within the History of Information Tech- Bemer, Robert, No. 4, 30 California Research Corporation, No. 2,67 nology” (rev.), No. 3, 71 Bendix Controls, Inc., No. 3,42 Campbell, Lloyd, No. I, 30 Aspray, William, ed., Technological Com- Bendix G-15, No. 4,70 Campbell, Robert V.D., No. 2,54 petitiveness: Contemporary and His- Beniger, James, No. 3, 15 Campbell-Kelly, Martin (fig.), No. 3, 14 torical Perspectives on the Electrical, Benton, Charles, Jr., No. 2, 69 Canada Research Council, No. 2,4 Electronics, and Computer Industries Berghorn, Chuck, No. 4, 19 Canadian Nattonal Telegraph, No. 2, 18, 33 (rev.), No. 4,92 Bergin, Thomas J. (Jim) (fig.), No. 4,5 Cannady, Cynthia, No. I, 36 Association for Computing Machinery BESM, No. I, 4, 8, 16 Capek, P.G., No. 4, 18 (ACM), No. I, 28 BESM-1, No. I, 6, 11 Car crash simulatron, No. I, 55 Association of SIMULA Users (ASU), No. 4,35 BESM-2, No. I, 4,6, 11, 18 Card catalog of genetically diseased persons, ASU, see Association of SIMULA Users, No. BESM-SM, No. I, 6 No. 3, 29 4,35 BESM-4, No. I, 6 Card-Programmed Calculator, No. 4,77 Atanasoff, John V., No. I, 28 BESM-6, No. I, 6 Cargill, Tom, No. 4,43 Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC), No. 1, 28 Bilas, Frances, No. I, 28,29, 32 Carrier sense multiple access with collision Atomic Energy Commissron, No. I, 49 BINAC, No. I, 26 detection (CSMA/CD), No. 4, 82 Atomic Energy of Canada Limtted (AECL), Binary adder tube (BAT), No. 2,60 Casciato, Len (fig.), No. 2, 9 No. 2, 5 Birtwistle, Graham, No. 4, 34 Casciato, Len, No. 2, 8, 9, 61 Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, No. Bitterli, Charles V. (fig.), No. I, 3 1 Catalog of Jews (Judenkarteien), No. 3, 32 3,25 Bitterli, Charles V., No. I, 30 Catalog of the People (Volkskartet), No. 3, 3 1 Autocode, No. 2, 18 Bittinger, R., No. 4, 20 CDC 3000, No. 4,33 Automatic coding, No. 2, 16 Bletchley Park, No. 3, 4 CDC 3600, No. I,46 Automatic Computing Engme (ACE), No. 4, Block diagram of the (fig.), No. 1, CDC 6600 (fig.), No. I, 47 13 65 CDC 6600, No. I, 46 Automatic Passenger Servtce System, No. 2, Boeing Aircraft, No. 3,42 CDC 7600, No. I, 41 33 Boeing Computer Services, No. 1, 55 CDC 8600, No. I, 48 Automatic Programmed Tool (APT), No. 3,42 Boggs, David R., No. 4,81, 84 CDC Cyber 180-835, No. 4, 50 Automatic Sequence Controlled Caculator Bolotsky, Gloria Golden, No. 1, 30 CDC Star-loo, No. 3, 54 (IBM ASCC), No. 1, 12 Booth, A.D., No. 4,26 CDC, see Control Data Corporation, No. 1,46 Autoscritcher, No. 3, 4 Bouchon, No. 4,7 Census machine (fig.), No. 3, 19 Aylor, James H., No. I, 3 Bowker, Geoffrey (fig.), No. 3, 3 Central Processing Department, No. 3,21 Boyle, William, No. 1, 30 Centre d’Etude et de Recherche de Toulouse B Breiter, Mark, No. I, 30 (ONERA-CERT), No. 4,40 Brinkley, Stuart, No. I, 36 Cerf, Vinton G., No. 4,87 Babbage River, No. 2, 53 British Association Section F, No. 3, 13 CFD, see Computational fluid dynamics, No. Babbage, Charles, No. 3, 5, No. 4,4, 8 Bromley, Alan, No. 4,9 I, 54 Babcicky, Karel, No. 4, 34 Brooke, H.J., No. 3, 11 Chadwick, Sir Edwm, No. 3, 13 Bachrach, Robert Z., No. 4, 85 Brooker, R.A., No. 2, 18 Chalk River, No. 2, 5, 10 Backus, John (fig.), No. 4,75 Brown, Austin Robert, Jr., No. 1, 30 Channell, David F., The Vital Machine: A Backus, John, No. 1, 71, No. 4,42, 44, 75 Browne, Herbert N. (Bud), No. I, 30 Study of Technology and Organic Life Badre, N., No. 4, 18 Brunelle, Robert, No. I, 30 (rev.), No. 2, 76 Bahrs, Andre, No. 4,39 Bull punched-card calculator, No. 4,26 Charles Babbage and the Assurance of Baily, Francis, No. 3, 5 Bullard, E.C., No. 2, 58 Lives (title), No. 3, 5 Baker, James, No. 2, 54 Bullatec, No. 3, 20 Charles Stark Draper Prize, No. 4,75 Ballistics Research Laboratory (fig.), No. I, 27 Bureau of the Budget, No. 4,66 Charles, J. Bashe, Lyle R. Johnson, John H. Ballistics Research Laboratory, No. I, 36, 73 Burks, Arthur W. (fig.), No. I, 26 Palmer, and Emerson W. Pugh, IBM’s Barnard, G.F., No. 4, 19 Burks, Arthur W., No. I, 12,27 Early Computers (rev.), No. 2, 73 Barrow, John, Pi in the Sky: Counting, Burroughs adding machines, No. 3, 19 Chedaker, Joseph (fig.), No. I, 26 Thinking, and Being (rev.), No. 4,88 Burroughs B5500, No. 4,32 Chemical applications, No. I, 55 Bartik, Betty, No. 1, 29, 31 Burroughs UDEC, No. 1,72 Chen, Steve, No. 1, 52 Bartolettt, Victor, No. 2, 69 Burroughs, No. 1, 52, No. 3, 16 Chirico, Matthew, No. I, 30 BASIC, No. 4,15 Bush, Vannevar, No. 1,4,12 Christensen, W., No. 4,20 Baskin, Herb, No. 3,65 Bush, Victoria, No. 4,43 Chronology of computing at the National BAT, see Binary adder tube, No. 2,60 Butler, Lila Todd, No. I, 30 Science Foundation (fig.), No. 4, 67 Batch monitor program, No. 3,41 BYT-8, No. 3, 58 Chu, J. Chuan (fig.), No. 1, 26 Bates, Audrey (fig.), No. 2, 18 Chu, J. Chuan, No. 1, 27 Baxter, Stuart, No. 2, 63 C CII, see Compagnie Internationale pour Bay Area Computer History Perspectives l’Informatique, No. 4, 34 (Happenings), No. 3, 59 C, No. 4,40 Clark, Martha, No. I, 30 Beatty, Samuel, No. 2,4 C-90, No. I, 58 Classicompteur (fig.), No. 3, 17 Beck, Glen, No. I, 30 C-T-R, No. 3, 17 Clippmger, R.F., No. I, 32, No. 2, 11, 14 Beck, Nils Ivar, No. 4,28 CAD/CAM applications, No. 3, 50 CMOS, see Complementary metal-oxrde- Bell Telephone Laboratories Model 6, No. 2,6 CAD/CAM industry, No. 3,45 semrconductor, No. I, 57

96 IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994 Cobbold, Richard, No. 2,44 Criminal Statistics Department, No. 3, 19 Defence Research Telecommunications Es- Cocke, John, No. 4,75 Cracker National Bank, No. 3, 62 tablishment (DRTE), No. 2,43,44,45 Codd, E.F., No. 2, 26 Cracker, Steven P., No. 4, 82 Defense Calculator, No. 2, 7 1 Code-breaking, No. 4, 12, 77 Crowe, Gregory D. (fig.), No. I, 24 Defense Department, No. 4,65 Colby, Thomas, No. 3, 9 Crown Life Assurance, No. 3, 10 Dehomag Corporation, No. 3, 26 Colin, Andrew, “Andrew Booth’s Computers CRT memory systems, No. 2,9 Dehomag D-l 1 tabulator (fig.), No. 3, 27 at Birbeck College” (rev.), No. 4, 94 Crunch/Grunch, No. 4,52 Dehomag, see Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen Colossus, No. 4, 12 Cryptography, No. 4,77 Gesellschaft, No. 3, 16, 34 Compagnie Internationale pour 1’Informatique CSMAKD, see Carrier sense multiple access Delay-line memory, No. 1, 17 (Cm), No. 4, 34 with collision detection, No. 4, 82 Dennis, Jack, No. 4,39,40,47,49 Comparative annual premiums (fig.), No. 3,7 CTR, No. 2,7 1 Derek Barber, “The Origins of Packet Compiling SIMULA: A Historical Study of CTS, see Computer Time Sales, No. 2,68 Switching” (rev.), No. 4, 94 Technological Genesis (title), No. 4,25 CUBS, see Computer Usage Business Serv- Design Augmented by Computer (DAC-I), Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor ices, No. 2, 69 No. 3,40, 42 (CMOS) chip technology, No. 1, 57 CUC, see Computer Usage Company, No. 2, Design Automation conferences, No. 3, 54 Complex Calculator, No. 2, 3 65 Designer sketch (fig.), No. 3, 43 Computational fluid dynamics (Cl%), No. I, 54 CUFM, see Computer Usage Facility Man- Desk-mounted transactor terminal, No. 2, 37 Computer History Association of California agement, No. 2, 69 Destination plate (fig.), No. I, 67 (Happenings), No. 3, 58 Cullwick, E.G., No. 2, 21 Deuce computer, No. 4,27 Computer Museum in Boston, No. 3, 60 Cummings, James (fig.), No. I, 26 Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen Gesellschaft Computer Pioneer Award, No. 4,76 CURE, No. 2,67 (Dehomag), No. 3, 16,34 Computer Time Sales (CTS), No. 2, 68 Cyber 205, No. I, 57, 58 Development of Systems Software for the Computer Usage Business Services (CUBS), Ferut Computer at the University of To- No. 2, 69 D ronto, 1952 to 1955 (title), No. 2, 13 Computer Usage Company (CUC), No. 2,65 DFM, see Data-Flow Machme prototype, No. Computer Usage Facility Management D2, see Digital design, No. 3, 46 4,40 (CUFM), No. 2,69 D3L, No. 4,52 Dialogue Systems, No. 3, 66 Computer-animated movies, No. 3, 41 DAC-1 graphic console, No. 3,49 Difference Engine, No. 3, 5, No. 4, 8 Computer-generated graphs, No. 3,41 DAC-1 graphic image (fig.), No. 3, 52 Digital Automated Tracking and Remotmg Computer-generated traftic simulations, No. 3,41 DAC-I scanner/recorder (fig.), No. 3,50 (DATAR) (fig.), No. 2, 22, 23 Computing Research Association Awards DAC-1, see Design Augmented by Computer, Digital Automated Tracking and Remoting (Happenings), No. 3, 57 No. 3, 40,42 (DATAR), No. 2, 20,21 Computing Reviews, No. 4, 8 1 Dahl, Ole-Johan, No. 4,25 Digital design (D2), No. 3, 46 Concentration camp labor, No. 3, 25 Damon, Ralph, No. I, 63 Digital Design, No. 3, 43 Concurrent Pascal, No. 4,40 Danish Computing Centre, No. 4,28 Digitizing (fig.), No. 3, 42 Control Data Corporation (CDC), No. I, 46 Dashevskii, Lev Naumovich (fig.), No. 1, 6, 7 Dtjkstra, E.W., No. 3, 59 Control Data SIMULA, No. 4,34 Data Driven Nets (DDN), No. 4, 5 1 Dimsdale, B., No. 1, 32 Converter Code, No. I, 3 1, 32 Data General Nova 800, No. 4, 83 Direct programming, No. I, 33 Coons surface patch, No. 3,44 Data structures, No. 4, 54 Dirty Gertie, No. 2, 43 Coons-Gordon patches, No. 3,44 Data-Driven Machine 1 (DDMI), No. 4,40 Dirty Gertie: The DRTE Computer (title), Core memory, No. 2,47 Data-flow computers, No. 4, 39 No. 2,43 Cortada, James W., Before the Computer: Data-flow graph model, No. 4,53 Discover Awards (Happenings), No. 3, 59 IBM, NCR, Burroughs, & Remington Data-flow language, No. 4, 38 Discrete event networks, No. 4,27 Rand and the Industry They Created Data-Flow Machine prototype (DFM), No. 4, DLl program (fig.), No. 4, 50 (rev.), No. 4, 89 40 DLI, No. 4,49 Courant Institute, No. I, 73 Datapoint, No. 3, 65 Dornian, Alan (fig.), No. 2, 42 Coursewriter, No. 4,78 DATAR, see Digital Automated Tracking and DRB, see Defence Research Board, No. 2,4, Cowlishaw, Mike (fig.), No. 4, 24 Remoting (fig.), No. 2, 22, 23 21,43 CPC, see IBM Card Programmed Calculator, DATAR, see Digital Automated Tracking and DRE, see Defence Research Establishment, No. 2, 65 Remoting, No. 2, 20, 21 No. 2, 40 Crantson, Tom (fig.), No. 2, 23 Davies, Griffith, No. 3, 8 Dreams That Get Funded: Programming Cray Research, Inc., No. 1,46,49 Davies, S., No. 4,20 Rolls Its Own Reality (Biographies), No. Cray, Seymour, No. I, 46,50 Davis, Al, No. 4, 39, 40, 42 3, 61 Cray-1 (fig.), No. 1,51 Davis, John (fig.), No. I, 26 Dreyfus, Herbert, No. 2,78 Cray-1, No. I, 49,50 DCBS, see Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics, Dreyfus, Philip, No. I, 63 Cray-lM, No. I, 52 No. 3, 15 DRTE computer, No. 2,44,45 Cray-lS, No. I, 52, 54 DDMl, see Data-Driven Machine 1, No. 4, DRTE, see Defence Research Telecommuni- Cray-2 (fig.), No. I, 53 40 cations Establishment, No. 2, 43, 44, 45 Cray-2, No. I, 53 DDN, see Data Driven Nets, No. 4,5 1 Drum memories, No. 2, 28 Cray-3, No. I, 57 DEC System-10 SIMULA, No. 4,34 DuBndge, Lee, No. 4,62 Cray-X-MP, No. I, 52 Defence Research Board (DRB), No. 2,4, 21, Duke University, No. 4,70 Crevier, Daniel, AI: The Tumultous History 43 Dunwell, Stephen Warner (fig.), No. 4, 79 of the Search for Artificial Intelligence Defence Research Establishment (DRE), No. Dunwell, Stephen Warner (obit), No. 4,76 (rev.), No. 2, 78 2,40 Durfee, Benjamm, No. 2, 54

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994 97 1994 Index

Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics (DCBS), ETelnet, No. 4, 87 From DATAR to the FP-6000: Technologi- No. 3, 15 Ethernet Alto RCG SLOT (EARS), No. 4,87 cal Change in a Canadian Industrial Dutch Electrologica-Xl, No. 3, 21 Ethernet, No. 4, 81 Context (title), No. 2, 20 Dutch Post Office, No. 3, 21 Everything else (E*), No. 3, 46 FTP, see File Transfer Protocol, No. 4,87 DynaBook, No. 4,83 EXEC 2, No. 4, 15 Fuller, Sam, No. 4,87 Exidy Sorcerer, No. 3, 58 Function Graph Language (FGL), No. 4,52 E Experimental Ethernet File Transfer Protocol Functional languages, No. 4, 38,42 (EEFTP), No. 4,86 E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company Experimental system for Data-Driven proces- G (DuPont), No. 1, 55 sor array (EDDY), No. 4,40 E2, see Everything else, No. 3,46 Exxon Research and Engineering, No. I, 55 Galison, Peter, “FORTRAN, Physics, and Early automata, No. 4,4 Human Nature” (rev.), No. 4,94 Early History of REXX, The (title), No. 4, 15 F Garabedian, Henry, No. 3,44 Early Jacquard cards (fig.), No. 4, 11 Garwick, Jan, No. 4,26 EARS, see Ethernet Alto RCG SLOT, No. 4, Fairchild Camera and Instruments, No. 3,62 GE BASIC, No. I, 75 87 Fairchild Semiconductor, No. 1, 47 Gellman, Harvey S., No. 2, 14,58 Eazyflow machine, No. 4,42 Falcon, No. 4,7 Gemim, No. 2, 3 1 ECHO IV, No. 3,59 Family tree of languages (fig.), No. 4,43 General Motors Research Laboratories ECHO-4386, No. 3,60 Farbti, David, No. 4, 83 (GMR), No. 3,40 Eckert, J. Presper, Jr. (fig.), No. I, 26, 35 Farr, William, No. 3, 12 GEORGE, No. I, 14 Eckert, .I. Presper, Jr., No. I, 25,29 Fasel, Joel, No. 4,49 German Hollerith Machine Co. (fig.), No. 3, Eckert, Wallace, No. 1,29 Federal Reserve Bank, No. 2,25,40 28 Eckert, Wallace, No. 4,77 Federal support of computer science research, German National Bureau of Statistics EDDY, see Experimental system for Data- 1959-1971 (fig.), No. 4,72 (Kaiserliche Statistische Amt), No. 3, 16 Driven processor array, No. 4,40 Fein, Louis, No. 4, 61 German V-2 missile, No. I, 37 Edmondson, Tom, No. 2,25 Ferguson, Eugene S., Engineering and the Gersten, Ester, No. I, 30 EDSAC code, No. I, 73 Mind’s Eye (rev.), No. 4, 94 GIER computer, No. 4,28 EDSAC, No. 1, 27, No. 2,7, No. 4,26, No. I, Fembach, Sidney, No. I, 48 Giese, John, No. 1, 33 12,26, 30 Fen-anti Edinburgh, No. 2,40 Gill, S., No. 2, 27 EEFTP, see Experimental Ethernet File Trans- Electric Ltd., No. 2, 20 Giordano, Lorraine, Beyond Taylorism: fer Protocol, No. 4, 86 Fen-anti Mark I, No. 2, 10 Computerization and the New Industrial Eklund, Jon (fig.), No. I, 69 Ferranti Mercury, No. 4,26 Relations (rev.), No. 4,90 Electrical tabulation of census data, No. 3, 26 Ferranti (Ferut), No. 2, Girobank, No. 3, 18 Electromechanical calculating device by 10, 13,61 Givens, Wallace, No. 1, 73 Leonardo Torres y Quevedo (fig.), No. 4, Ferranti, Ltd., No. 1, 27, No. 4,26 Glauert, John, No. 4,46 12 Ferranti, Vincent Ziani de, No. 2,21 Glennie, A.E., No. 2, 18 Electronic Computer for Home Operation Ferranti-Packard, No. 2, 3, 20, 33 Gliedt, T., No. 4,20 (ECHO): The First Home Computer Ferrite cores, No. I, 20 Glushkov, V.M., No. I,5 (Anecdotes), No. 3, 59 Femt computer (fig.), No. 2, 11 GM Technical Center, No. 3, 50 Electronic Control Company, No. I,26 Ferut, see Ferranti University of Toronto, No. GMR Instrumentation Department, No. 3,42 Electronic pencil, No. 3,49 2, 10, 13,61 GMR, see General Motors Research Labora- Electrostatic memory, No. 1, 17 FGL, see Function Graph Language, No. 4,52 tories, No. 3, 40 Eli Lilly, No. I, 55 File Transfer Protocol (FTP), No. 4, 87 Gnedenko, B.V. (fig.), No. I, 7 Elichirigoity, Irving F., No. I, 70 Film recorder, No. 3,41 Goddard Space Center, No. 2,67 Elkind, Jerry, No. 4, 82 Finerman, Aaron (obit), No. 3,69, No. 4,80 Gokhale, Maya, No. 4,49 Elzen, Boelie (fig.), No. I, 61 First tabulating machines (fig.), No. 3, 16 Goldberg, Richard, No. 4,15 EMLISP, No. 4,44 Fischbach, Joseph W., No. 1, 31 Golden, R., No. 4,20 Enderin, Lars, No. 4,34 Flanders, Donald A., No. I, 74 Goldstine, Adele, No. 1, 29 Engelbart, Doug, No. 3,63 Flatt, Horace, No. 1, 3 1 Goldstine, Herman H. (fig.), No. I, 26 Engineering Research Associates, No. I, 27, Flight performance card (fig.), No. 2, 38 Goldstine, Herman H., No. I, 12, 28, 29 63 Floating-point numerical representation, No. Goldstine, Irwin, No. I, 37 English Electric KDF-9, No. 4,28 I,5 Gompertz’ Law of Human Mortality, No. 3, 8 English Electric, No. 4, 27 Florida, David, No. 2,44 Gompertz, Bernjamin, No. 3,8 Enhansys, No. 3,66 Forerunner of the pegged cylinder (fig.), No. Goodman, Seymour E. (fig.), No. I, 24 ENIAC - A Problem Solver (title), No. 1, 25 498 Gordon, Sydelle, No. 1, 3 1 ENIAC apphcations, No. I, 39 Fortran IV, No. 3,47 Gorn, Saul, No. I, 31,73 Eniac people, No. 1, 28 Fortran, No. I, 71, No. 3,41 Gotlieb, CC. (Kelly) (fig.), No. 2, 18 ENIAC, No. I, 8, No. 2, 57, No. 4, 12, 13 FP, No. 4,41,44 Gotlieb, C.C. (Kelly), No. 2,4, 13, 62 ERA 1101, No. I, 27 FP-6000 (fig.), No. 2, 27 GPL, see Graplucal data-driven Programming ERA 1102, No. I, 27 FP-6000, No. 2, 3, 20, 25 Language, No. 4,52 Eratosthene’s sieve (fig.), No. 4,50 Francis, George, No. I, 3 1 Grad, Arthur, No. 4,62 Ershov, A.P., No. 1, 12 Frankel, Stanley, No. I, 25 Graham, Susan, No. 3,59 Erwin Tomash Fellowship, No. 1,70 Fritz, W. Barkley (fig.), No. I, 31,41 Graham, Wes “Curly”, No. 2,58 ETA-lo, No. I, 57 Fritz, W. Barkley, No. I, 30 Grant, William, No. I, 3 1

98 IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, NO. 4, 1994 Graphic input medium, No. 3,49 History of Data-Flow Languages (title), No. IBM assembly language, No. 3,41 Graphical data-driven Programming Lan- 4,38 IBM card equipment (fig.), No. 2, 5 guage (GPL), No. 4,52 History of the Arpanet, No. 3, 59 IBM Card Programmed Calculator (CPC), No. Graphical design, No. 3, 40 Hoare, C.A.R., No. 3, 59, No. 4, 32 2,65 Graphical languages, No. 4,51 Hobson, S.J., No. 4, 19 IBM Selectric typewriter, No. 3, 60 Graphical man-machine communication, No. Hoffleit, Dorrit, No. 1, 28 IBM Service Bureau, No. 2, 5 3,43 Hoffman, Chris, No. 4, 43 IBM Stretch, No. 2, 26 Graphics monitor program, No. 3,47 Holberton, Betty Snyder, No. I, 29, 3 1, 37 IBM System 360, No. I,47 Graphics output, No. 3, 45 Holberton, John V., No. 1, 28, 29, 31 IBM Systeml360, No. 2, 68,71, No. 3, 54, No. Gray, H.J., No. I, 34 Hollerith machines, No. 3,25,26, 34 4,82 Greyhound Computer Corporation, No. 2,70 Hollerith, Herman H., No. 3, 15 IBM Systeml3601195, No. I, 47 Griffith, Bernard A., No. 2, 4 Holmevik, Jan Rune (fig.), No. 4,37 IBM System/370 model 155, No. 4,22 Grit, David, No. 4,49 Hopper, Grace M., No. I, 73, No. 2, 3, 18, 54 IBM Technical Computing Bureau, No. 2, 65 Gurd, John, No. 4,40 Howe, M., No. 4,21 IBM time-sharing systems, No. 3, 54 Hughes, Thomas, No. 4,25 IBM, No. 3, 20, No. 4,61 H Hull, Richard, In Praise of WIMPS: A Social ICL 1900, No. 2,3,20 History of Computer Programming ICT, see International Computers and Tabula- Hack, M., No. 4, 16 (rev.), No. I, 79 tors, No. 2, 26, 28 Haibt, Lois, No. 4,75 Human factors, No. 3, 53 Id function (fig.), No. 4,47 Hamblen, John W., No. 4, 66 Hume, J.N. Patterson (fig.), No. 2, 15, 19 Idenburg, Ph.J., No. 3, 22 Hamilton, Francis (Frank), No. 2, 54 Hume, J.N. Patterson, No. 2, 11, 62 IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Hangman, No. 2,50 Hurd, Cuthbert, No. 2,65 (Happenings), No. 3,58, No. 4,76 Hans, C., No. 4, 18 Hurff, Joseph, No. I, 3 1 ILLIAC, No. 2, 59 Hansen, Per Brinch, No. 4,40 Huskey, Harry (fig.), No. I, 26 INA, see Institute for Numerical Analysis, Hardy, G.H., No. I, 71 Huskey, Harry, No. I, 72 No. I, 76 Harr, Luthar, No. 4,29 Hutton, Charles, No. 3, 6 INCA, No. 3,53 Hanis, Brian, Babs, Beacon, and Boadicea: A Hydraulic Organ of Salomon de Caus (fig.), Information hIghways, No. I, 62 History of Computing in British Air- No. 4, 10 Institute for Numerical Analysis (INA), No. I, ways and its Predecessor Airlines (rev.), 76 No. 4,91 I Institute of Precise Mechanics and Computer Harrison, Jerry, No. I, 67 Technology (ITMVT), No. I, 10, 14 Hartmanis, Juris, No. 3, 57 I.P. Sharp Associates, No. 2, 28 Intelex Airline Reservation Computer, No. 2, Hartree, Douglas R., No. 1, 12, 29, No. 2, 6 I/O support, No. 4,55 38 Harvard Mark I, No. I, 12, No. 2, 57 IBM 101 Electronic Statistical Machine, No. 3, International Computers and Tabulators (ICT), Harvest, No. 4,78 21 No. 2, 26, 28 HASAL, No. 4,5 1 IBM 1301 disk, No. 3, 46 ITMVT, see Institute of Precise Mechanics HASAL/Cajole, No. 4,5 1 IBM 1401, No. 2,68, No. 3,46 and Computer Technology, No. I, 10, 14 Hauff, Clyde (Skeet), No. 1, 30 IBM 1405 disk, No. 3, 46 Haworth, Leland, No. 4,66 IBM 2250 graphics console, No. 3, 45 J Hayes, Alan, No. 4,49 IBM 2280 film recorder, No. 3,45 Hayles, N. Katherine, “The Materiality of IBM 2281 film scanner, No. 3, 45 Jacks, Edwin, No. 3, 41 Informatics,” (rev.), No. 4, 94 IBM 360/370 SIMULA, No. 4,34 Jacobi, Katy, No. 1, 32 Headrick, Daniel R., “Shortwave Radio and Its IBM 3S, No. 3,20 Jacobs, Jack, No. 2, 58 Impact on International Telecommunications IBM 4S, No. 3,20 Jacobson, Arvid, No. 1,72, No. 4,47,49 between the Wars” (rev.), No. 3,71 IBM 602A, No. 4,77 Jacquard loom, No. 4,7 Heide, Lars, “Punched-Card and Computer IBM 603, No. 4,77 Jacquard, No. 4,6 Applications in Denmark 191 l-1970” IBM 604, No. 4,77 Jennings, Elizabeth (Betty) Jean, No. I, 28,29 (rev.), No. 3, 71 IBM 650, No. I, 73, No. 2, 19,61,67, No. 4, Jerrold taps, No. 4, 85 Heidinger, Willy, No. 3, 26 61,7O,No.4,61 Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), No. 4, 80 Hellige, Hans Dieter, “From Sage via Arpanet IBM 701, No. 2, 16,65,67, 71 Jobs, Steve, No. 4, 82 to Ethernet: Stages in Computer Commu- IBM 702, No. 4,77 Jonas, Winifred (Wink) Smith, No. I, 30 nications Concepts between 1950 and IBM 7030, No. 4,77 Jones, Ken, No. 4,32 1980” (rev.), No. 3, 71 IBM 704 (fig.), No. 3,41 JPL, see Jet Propulsion Laboratory, No. 4, 80 Hero-problems, No. 1,54 IBM 704, No. 4,61 Judenkarteien, see Catalog of Jews, No. 3, 32 Herrick, Harlan, No. 4,75 IBM 705, No. 4,77 Juncosa, Mario L., No. I, 30 Herschel, John, No. 3, 7, 9 IBM 7070, No. 4,70 Hewlett-Packard 3000/42, No. 3,58 IBM 709, No. 4,61 K High-speed electronic digital computing, No. IBM 7090, No. I, 46, No. 2, 11,67, No. 3, 43 1, 16 IBM 7094, No. 3,66 Kahan, W. “Vel” 1No. 2 >63 High-speed tape readers, No. 2,28 IBM 7094-11, No. 3,46 Kaiserliche Statistische Amt (German Na- Hilton, Herbert B., No. 1, 30 IBM 780 display unit, No. 3,42 tional Bureau of Statistics), No. 3, 16 Hinsley, F.H., and Alan Stripp, eds., Code- IBM ASCC, see Automatic Sequence Con- Karmadex, No. 3, 20 breakers: The Inside Story of Bletchley trolled Calculator, No. 1, 12 Kates, Joe (fig.), No. 2, 9 Park (rev.), No. 1, 78 IBM ASCC/Harvard Mark I, No. 2, 54 Kathail, Vinod, No. 4,49

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994 99 1994 Index

Katz, Josef, No. 2, 6, 60 Lichterman, Ruth, No. I, 28, 29 McClure, Julia Francis, No. 4, 77 Kay, Alan, No. 4, 83 Liddle, David, No. 4, 84, 85, 87 McCreight, Ed, No. 4, 83 KCS Data Control Ltd., No. 2, 34,61 Lied, Finn, No. 4,28 McDonnell-Douglas, No. 3,64 Keenan, Thomas, No. 4,66 Life Assurance Bank of Gotha, No. 3, 12 McGraw, James, No. 4,48, 49 Kehrbaum, Annegret, and Berhard Korte, Life insurance, No. 3,5 McIntosh, Fred, No. I, 30 Historische Rechenmaschinen im For- Lincoln Laboratory, No. 2,74 McNutly, Kathleen (Kay), No. I, 28, 29 schungsinstitut fur Diskrete Mathematik Line digitizing procedure, No. 3,43 MCTS, see Multi-Console Time Sharing, No. Bonn (rev.), No. I, 79 Lisp, No. 4,41, 44 3,54 Kehrbaum, Annegret, and Bernhard Korte, Lister, Thomas, No. 3, 13 MDS, see Medical Data Systems, No. 3, 64 “Reconstruktlonen von Rechenmaschmen Lobo Max, No. 3,58 Meccano-based differential analyzer (fig.), am Forschungsinstitut fur Dlskrete LocalNet, No. 4, 83 No. 2, 7 Mathematik” (rev.), No. 4,95 Locating the Victim: An Overview of Cen- Meccano-based differential analyzer, No. 2,6 Kemeny, John, No. 4,64 sus-Taking, Tabulation Technology, and Mechanical automata by Jacques Vaucanson Kerr, Ron, No. 4,33 Persecution in Nazi Germany (title), No. (fig.), No. 4, 10 Kilby, James S. (fig.), No. 3, 58 3, 25 Mechanical Processing Department, No. 3,20 King, J., No. 4,21 Loebner Prize in Artificial Intelligence Mecury delay-line memory, No. I, 17, No. I, King, Ronald P.W,, No. 2, 54 (Happenings), No. I, 70 32 Kirkham, Chris, No. 4, 49 Longstaff, Fred (fig.), No. 2, 23 Medal of Science, No. 4,75 Kjedlsaas, Per Martin, No. 4, 34 Los Alamos National Laboratory, No. 1, 50 Medical Data Systems (MDS), No. 3, 64 Kleinrock, Leonard, No. 4, 82 Los Alamos problem, No. 1, 32 Melman, Seymour, No. 2,77 Kleinschmidt teleprinter, No. 3, 60 Lubar, Steven, InfoCulture: The Smith- Memory drums, No. 2,24 Knuth, Donald, No. 4, 35 sonian Book of Information Age Inven- Mercury Automatic Coding (MAC), No. 4,26 Koehler, L.L., No. 4, 18 tion (rev.), No. 3, 70 MERIT network, No. 4, 69 Kolloquium, 50 Jahre programmgesteuerte Lucid, No. 4,41, 42 Mertz, Robert, No. I, 3 1 Rechenmaschinene, Deutches Museum, Ludgate, Percy, No. 4, 11 Merwin, Dick, No. I, 34 Wissenschaftliches Jahrhuch 199211993, Luebke, David Martin (fig.), No. 3, 39 MESM, No. 1,6, 11 Deutches Museum (rev.), No. 1, 80 Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) technol- Kosinski, P., No. 4, 17 M ogy, No. I, 52 Kranakis, Eda, ed., History and Technology: Metcalfe, Robert M., No. 4, 8 1, 88 An International Journal (rev.), No. 3, M-20, No. I, 4, 6, 11, 18 Methorst, H.W., No. 3, 19, 22 71 MAC, see Mercury Automatic Coding, No. 4, Metropolis, N., and Gian-Carlo Rota, eds., A Krull, Fred N. (fig.), No. 3, 56 26 New Era in Computation (rev.), No. 2, 79 Kubosch, Sigurd, ho. 4,33 Machines Bull, No. 3, 20 Metropolis, Nicholas, No. I, 25 Kuhlman, Gertrude, No. 1,30 Macintosh GUI, No. 3,64 Michael, George, No. 4,48 Kurtz, R.R., No. 4,21 MacKenzie, Donald (fig.), No. 1, 61 Michaels, F. Robert (fig.), No. 1, 26 Kurtz, Thomas, No. 4,64 Macrae, Norman, John von Neumann (rev.), Michaels, F. Robert, No. I, 38 No. 2, 75 Michigan Algorithm Decoder (MAD), No. 3, L MAD, see Michigan Algorithm Decoder, No. 48 3,48 MICR, see Magnetic ink character recogni- Ladd, Daniel W., No. 2, 65 MADAS, No. 2, 5 tion, No. 2, 25 Lake, Clair D., No. 2, 54 Magentic drum, No. I, 9 Millionaire, No. 2, 13 Lake, George, No. 2,44 Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR), Milton, Sybil (fig.), No. 3, 39 Lam, Tat, No. 4, 85 No. 2,25 Misa, Thomas J., No. 4, 94 Lampson, B., No. 3, 59 Magnetic recording, No. 1, 5 Misapplications of statistics and computing Lampson, Butler, No. 4, 83, 84 Magnetic-core memory, No. I, 18,32 technology, No. 3,25 LAPSE program (fig.), No. 4,46 Magnetic-disk drive (fig.), No. I, 11 MIT, No. 3,42 LAPSE, No. 4,40,46 Magnetic- (fig.), No. I, 66 Model boat of Ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazzari (fig.), Large-scale digital computer, No. 3, 40 Magnetic-drum memory, No. I, 62 No. 4,9 Laser printer, No. 4, 86 Magnetronic Reservisor system, No. I, 64,67, Model K, No. 2, 3 LAU program (fig.), No. 4,46 No. 2, 32 Modula, No. 4,40 LAU, No. 4,45 Malone, Helen, No. I, 3 1 Mohawk Data Sciences, No. 3, 65 Lautman, R., No. 4,20 Malone, Marie, No. I, 30 Monromatic, No. I, 30 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, No. Manchester University Mark I, No. 2, 21 Monsanto Company, No. I,55 I,47 MANIAC III, No. 4,62 Monte Carlo simulation, No. 4,26 Lazy, lement, and eager evaluation, No. 4,55 Manos, Theodore, No. I, 3 1 Moore School of Electrical Egineering, No. I, 25 Lee, J.A.N., No. 3, 57 Mansell, R., No. 4, 18 Moore, Raymon, No. I, 3 1 Lehmer, Derrick H., No. I, 31, 33,72 Mark, Helen, No. I, 30 Moore, Wilham, No. I, 3 1 Lerch, Francis J., No. 1, 3 1 Maseres, Francis, No. 3, 6 Morgan, William, No. 3,6 Leslie, Stuart W., The Cold War and Ameri- Mauchly, John W. (fig.), No. I, 26 Morse, Phihp, No. 4,63 can Science: The Military-Industrial- Mauchly, John W., No. 1,25, 28,40 Mortality table, No. 3, 18 Academic Complex at MIT and Stan- MAXC, see Multiple Access Xerox Computer, Morton, Alan Q., “Packaging History: The ford (rev.), No. 2, 74 No. 4, 82 Emergence of the Uniform Product Code Librascope LGP-30, No. 4,70 May, David, No. 4,43 (UPC) in the United States, 1970-1975” Lichterman, Ruth (fig.), No. 1, 27 McAllister (Reitwiesner), Home’ (fig.), No. I, 27 (rev.), No. 3, 71

100 IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994 MOS, see metal-oxide-semiconductor, No. I, North American Aviation, No. 3, 41 P 52 Northern Electric Company, No. 2,7 Moscow Calculating Machines Plant, No. I, Northop Aircraft, No. I, 26 Pacific Data Systems 1020, No. 3, 58 19 Northwest Airlines, No. 1, 63 Packard Electric Ltd., No. 2, 20 Mouse, No. 3,49 Norwegian Computing Centre (NCC), No. 4, Packet radio network, No. 4,82 Moving Temple of Bacchus (fig.), No. 4,7 25 Packet switching, No. 4, 8 1 MU5 computer, No. 4, 50 Norwegian Defense Research Establishment Palme, Jacob, No. 4,34 Mtiller, Johannes, No. 3, 26 (NDRE), No. 4,26 Palmer, John, No. 2, 54 Multi-Console Time Sharing (MCTS), No. 3, Novel architectural approach, No. 1,48 PARC on-lme office system (POLOS), No. 4, 54 Noyce, Bill, No. 4,49 83 Multiple Access Xerox Computer (MAXC), NRC, see National Research Council, No. 2, 4 PARC, see Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, No. 4, 82 NSF, see National Science Foundation, No. 4, No. 4, 81 Museum of Technology in Paderhorn, 60 PARL, see Prince Albert Laboratories, Germany (Happenings), No. 2, 53 NSFnet, No. 4,70 No. 2,48 Mushinksy, Bernard, No. I, 3 1 NTNF, see Royal Norwegian Council for Pascoe, Robert S.V. (fig.), No. 4, 59 My Early Days in Toronto (Biographies), Scientific and Industrial Research, No. 4, Payne, Aubrey H. (Bill), No. I, 3 1 No. 2,55 25 PDP-lOs, No. 3,63 Myhrhaug, Bjorn, No. 4,33 NUALGOL, No. 4,33 Pegasus, No. 2, 34 Number Factory: Punched-Card Machines Pegged cylinder, No. 4,6,7 N at the Dutch Central Bureau of Statis- Perlis, Alan, No. I, 3 1 tics, The (title), No. 3, 15 Peters, Clayton, No. 2, 66 NASA, No. 2,67 Number mill, No. 3, 21 Petiot, Linda (fig.), No. 2, 52 National Bureau of Standards (NBS), No. I, Numerical control machining, No. 3, 53 Phoenix language, No. 3,67 73, No. 4,60 Numerical representation, No. I, 5 Photo scanner/recorder, No. 3,50 National ethnographic databases, No. 3, 32 Numerical Universal Automatic Sequential Photogrammetrtc stereo images (fig.), No. 3, National Research Council (NRC), No. 2,4 Electronic Computer (NUSSE), No. 4,26 51 National Science Board, No. 4,61, 66 Numerically controlled machine tools, No. 3, Photoprinter (fig.), No. I, 10 National Science Foundation (NSF), No. 4,60 41 Pierce Report, No. 4,66 National Semiconductor 7031, No. 2, 70 Nuremburg Race Laws, No. 3, 30 Pierce, John R., No. 4,68 Naval Ordnance Computer (NORC), No. 1,20 Nuremburg trials, No. 3,25 Pingali, Keshav, No. 4,47 Nazi census-taking, No. 3, 26 Nurske, Peter, No. 3, 59 pLn,No.4, 15 Nazi Germany, No. 3,25 NUSSE, see Numerical Universal Automatic Pogrebinskii, S.B., No. I, 6 NBS, see National Bureau of Standards, No. I, Sequential Electronic Computer, No. 4,26 POLO& see PARC on-line office system, No. 73, No. 4,60 Nygaard, Kristen, No. 4,25 4, 83 NCAR, see US National Center for Atmos- Population Statistics Department, No. 3, 19 pheric Research, No. I, 50 0 Porter, Arthur, No. 2, 24 NCC, see Norwegian Computing Centre, No. Poster issued by Dehomag (fig.), No. 3, 35 4,25 O’Neill, Judy E., The Evolution of Interac- Potes, Marilyn, No. I, 3 NCECS, No. 4,70 tive Computing Through Time-Sharing Powell, S., No. 4, 20 NDRE, see Norwegian Defense Research and Networking (rev.), No. I, 80 Press, Larry, “Before the Altair: The History Establishment, No. 4,26 O’Rourke, Tom, No. 3,64 of Personal Computing” (rev.), No. 4, 94 NEC, see Nippon Electric Company, No. 1,58 OCA, see Office of Computing Activities, No. Price, George R., No. 3,42 NERComp, see New England Regional Com- 4,68 Prince Albert Radar Laboratories (PARL), No. puting Center, No. 4,69 Office of Computing Activities (OCA), No. 4, 2,48 New England Regional Computing Center 68 PrintCheck, No. 2, 15 (NERComp), No. 4,69 Ofstad, Per, No. 4, 34 Prinz, D.G., No. 2, 13 Newey, Jacques, No. 4, 34 Okashimo, Kat, No. 2,63 Prisoner registration card (fig.), No. 3, 36 Newly Operational MAD (NOMAD), No. 3, Oldehoeft, Rod, No. 4,49 PRODAC IV, No. 3,60 48 Omdahl, Harald, No. 4, 34 Program control, No. 4,6 Newman, Ernest, No. 3,46 ONERA-CERT, see Centre d’Etude et de Programming languages, No. 4,4 Nicholson, M., No. 4,21 Recherche de Toulouse, No. 4,40 Project MAC, No. 4,64, 81 Nick&as, James W., No. 4,28, 29 Ontario Hydro, No. 2, 14 Project Stretch, No. 4,77 Ninth Bridgewater Treatise, No. 4, 10 Operation cards, No. 4, 10 Protector Life Assurance Society of London, Nippon Electric Company (NEC), No. I, 58 Operational Software in a Disk Oriented Sys- No. 3, 5, 8 Nixdorf, Heinz, No. 2, 53 tem, No. 3, 47 Pugh, Emerson W., Lyle R. Johnson, and John Noble, David, No. 2, 77 ORDVAC, No. 1,30,39,73 H. Palmer, IBM’s 360 and Early 370 Sys- NOMAD, see Non-Operational MAD or Origin of Computer Graphics within Gen- tems (rev.), No. 2, 73 Newly Operational MAD, No. 3,48 eral Motors, The (title), No. 3, 40 Punched-card machinery, No. 3, 15 Non-Operational MAD (NOMAD), No. 3, 48 Origins of Computer Programming, The Punched-card tabulation technology, No. 3, 34 Nonarithmetic problems, No. I, 40 (title), No. 4, 6 Nondeterminacy, No. 4,54 Orion II, No. 2, 26 Q NORC, see Naval Ordnance Computer, No. I, Orjansen, Bjorn, No. 4,3 1 20 Ostrum, Calvin, No. 4,43 Quantel Business Machines, No. 3, 65 Norris, William C., No. I, 48 Overgaard, Svein A., No. 4, 34 Queuing theory, No. I, 67

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994 101 1994 Index

R Romanelli, Michael, No. I, 3 1 Simonyi, Charles, No. 4, 83 Rose, Milton, No. 4,62, 68 SIMULA 61, No. 4,32 Rabinovich, Z.L., No. I, 6 Rosen, Leo, No. 3,4 SIMULA I compiler, No. 4, 3 1 Ramamoorthy, C.V., No. 3,58 Rosser Report, No. 4, 64, 68 SIMULA Standards Group (SSG), No. 4,33 Randell, Brian (fig.), No. 4, 14 Rosser, J. Barkley, No. 4,64 SIMULA, No. 4,25 Randers, Gunnar, No. 4,26 Royal Exchange Assurance Company, No. 3,6 Single-error correction, double-error detection RANN, see Research Applied to National Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and (SECDED), No. I, 50 Needs, No. 4, I I Industnal Research (NTNF), No. 4, 25 SISAL code (fig.), No. 4,49 Rassenamt-SS, see SS Race Office, No. 3,29 Rubinoff, Morris, No. 2, 6 SISAL, No. 4,40,48 Ratz, Alfred, No. 2, 6, 60 Rutter, Helen, No. I, 3 1 Skedzielewski, Steve, No. 4,49 RayCoCheck, No. 2, 14 Ryckman, Donald Hart, No. 3,41 Sketchpad, No. 3, 55, 59 Raymond, Eric S., The New Hacker’s Dic- Skog, Knut, No. 4,32 tionary (rev.), No. 2, 80 S Skunk works, No. 1, 53 Raytheon Company, No. 2, 14 SLOT, see Scanning laser output technique, RCG, see Research character generator, No. 4,86 S.A. Lebedev and the Birth of Soviet Com- No. 4,86 Recollections of the First Software Company puting (title), No. I, 4 Small, James S., “Engineering Technology (Anecdotes), No. 2,65 SABER system, No. I, 64,68 and Design: The Post-Second World War Recursion, No. 4,54 SABER, see Semi-Automatic Business Envi- Development of Electronic Analogue Reed, Harry, No. I, 30 ronment Research, No. I, 64, 68 Computers” (rev.), No. 3, 71 Regional computing centers, No. 4,69 (fig.), No. 2, 39 Smillie, Keith, Computing Science at the Register, No. I, 32 SABRE, No. 2,25 University of Alberta 19.57-1993 (rev.), Reichstag Fire, No. 3, 26 Sachs, Peter H., “Farewell to Berkeley UNIX” No. 2, 80 Reintjes, J.F., Numerical Control: Making a (rev.), No. 4,95 Smith (Jonas), Winifred (Wink) (fig.), No. I, 27 New Technology (rev.), No. 2,77 SAGE, No. 2,75 Smith, D.N., No. 4, 17 Reitman, Julian, No. I, 66 Sale, Tony, “The Williams Tube Revisited” Smith, R. Blair, No. I, 68 Reitwiesner, George W. (fig.), No. I, 27 (rev.), No. 4, 95 Smith, Sidney, No. 2, 4 Reitwiesner, George W., No. I, 30, 32, 36 Saskatchewan Power Corporation, No. 2,40 Smith, V.G., No. 2, 4, 58 Reitwiesner, Home’ McAllister, No. 1, 30 SASL, No. 4,5 1 Snyder, Frances Elizabeth (Betty), No. I, 28, Remington Rand, No. 2, 65 Sayre, David, No. 4,75 29,31 Reminiscences of a True Believer Scandinavian Electronic System, No. 4, 28 SOAP, see Symbolic Optimal Assembly Pro- (Biographies), No. I, 71 Scanning laser output technique (SLOT), No. gram, No. 2, 19 Research Applied to National Needs (RANN), 4,86 Social Limits of Speed: The Development No. 4, 71 Schickard, Wilhelm, No. 1, 70 and Use of Supercomputers, The (title), Research character generator (RCG), No. 4, 86 Schlain, Ed, No. I, 32 No. I, 46 Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE), Schot, Steve, No. I, 31 Socio-technical network, No. I, 55 No. 2,14 Schweier, Ursula, and Dietmar Saupe, Sorter (fig.), No. 3, 27 Research Triangle Park, No. 4,69 Fnnktions-und Konstruktionsprin- Soscia, Salvatore, No. I, 31 Reservations control center (fig.), No. 2,33 zipien der programmgesteuerten Sources in Electrical History 2: Oral His- ReserVec (fig.), No. 2, 34 mechanischen Rechenmaschine “Zl” tory Collections in U.S. Repositories, ReserVec I, No. 2, 24 (rev.), No. I, 80 IEEE Center for the-History of Electrical ReserVec, No. 2, 3 1 Scritchers, No. 3,4 Engineering (rev.), No. I, 79 ReserVec: Trans-Canada Air Lines’ Com- Seat inventories, No. 1, 63 Sowa, .I., No. 4,21 puterized Reservation System (title), No. SECDED, see Single-error correction, double- Spear, Sally, No. I, 32 2,31 error detection, No. I, 50 Special Issue: Future Libraries, Representa- Reservisor (fig.), No. 2, 39 Seismic analysis, No. I, 54 tions (rev.), No. 2, 80 Reservisor, No. 2,32 Semi-Automatic Business Environment Re- Speedcoding, No. 2, 16 Reservoir agent set (fig.), No. I, 68 search (SABER), No. 1,64,68 Spence, Homer, No. I, 29, 37 Reservoir Automated Airline Reservation Shannon, Claude Elwood: Collected Papers, Speroni, Joseph, No. 4,32 System: Combining Communications N.J.A. Sloane and Aaron D. Wyner, eds. Springer, A., No. 4,20 and Computing, The (title), No. I, 62 (rev.), No. 1, 76 Sproull, Bob, No. 4, 87 Reservoir modeling, No. 1, 54 Shapiro, Joe, No. 2, 61 Spurkland, Sverre, No. 4, 29 REXX, No. 4, 15 Sharpless, Thomas Kite (fig.), No. I, 26 Sputniks, No. I, 14 Reynolds, Carl H., No. 2, 69 Sharpless, Thomas Kite, No. 1, 27 Sredni, Jake, No. 3, 66 Richard E. Mervin Award, No. 3, 58 Shaw, Robert (fig.), No. I, 26 SS Race Office (Rassenamt-SS), No. 3, 29 Richardson, Chris, No. 4,49 Sheldon, John W., No. 2, 65 SSG, see SIMULA Standards Group, No. 4,33 Richardson, Jim (fig.), No. 2, 9 Shepherd, C. Bradford (fig.), No. I, 26 St. Lawrence Seaway, No. 2, 10, 14 Richardson, Jim, No. 2, 9 Sherrod, Tim, No. 3,66 Stanford Research Institute, No. 3, 63 Richardson, Lyman, No. 2,3 1 Slurley, Robin, “Altair and After: the Original Stanley, J. Perham, No. 2, 5,7 Rider, Ron, No. 4, 86 PC Revolution” (rev.), No. 4,95 Star-loo, No. I, 48 Ritchie, D.K., No. 2, 34 Shura-Bura, M.R., No. I, 12 Starkweather, Gary, No. 4, 86 RLE, see Research Laboratory of Electronics, SIGnet, see Simonyi’s Infinitely Glorious Stearns, Richard E., No. 3, 57 No. 2, 74 Network, No. 4, 83 Stein, Herald, No. 2, 8 Roberts, Larry, No. 3,59 Simonyi’s Infinitely Glorious Network Stephenson, C.J., No. 4, 16 Robison, Shane, No. 4,49 (SIGnet), No. 4, 83 Stevenson, Francis, No. 4, 34

102 IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994 Stibitz, George Robert, No. 2,3,6,45, No. 4, 12 Treichel, Jeanie, No. 3, 59 Vardalas, John (fig.), No. 2, 30 Stored-program computer concept, No. I, 12, Triangle Universities Computation Center, No. Variable cards, No. 4, 10 No. 4, 6, 12 4,69 Vaucanson, Jacques, No. 4,7, 10 Stored-program computer, No. I,5 Truman, Harry, No. I,36 Veen, Arthur, No. 4,40, 41 Stored-program operation, No. 1, 33 Turing machine, No. 4, 13 Veit, Stan, Stan Veit’s History of the Personal Strachey, Christopher S., No. 2, 11, 14 Turkevich, Tony (Anthony), No. I, 29 Computer: From Altair to IBM, A History Strela, No. I, 16 Turn-off rule, No. 1, 34 of the PC Revolution (rev.), No. I, 80 Strohl, George C., No. 2, 70 Tymcom IX, No. 3,63 VM Newsletter, No. 4,20 Sunutomo Chemical, No. I, 55 Tymnet, No. 3,64 VNET, No. 4, 15, 16 Sun Life Assurance Company, No. 3,6 Tymshare, No. 3, 62 Volkskartei, see Catalog of the People, No. 3, Supercomputer projects, No. I, 48 Typeless language, No. 4,47 31 Supercomputer users, No. 1,48 von Neumann, John, No. I, 12,27,32,36, No. SuperFORTRAN, No. 3,63 U 2,4, No. 4, 61 Supersonic flow calculations, No. 1, 33 von Neumann, Klare, No. I, 29 Surface feature lines (fig.), No. 3, 51 UDEC, see Universal Digital Electronic Com- Sutherland, Ivan, No. 3, 59 puter, No. 1, 72 W Sutherland, Jim (fig.), No. 3, 60 UNIDECA, No. 4,26 Swinnerton-Dyer, Peter, No. I, 73 UNIVAC 1100 SIMULA, No. 4,33 Wade, Bailey T., No. I, 30 SX-2, No. I, 58 UNIVAC 1100, No. 4,33 Wallstam, Stig, No. 4,29 Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program UNIVAC 1107, No. 4,28 Ware, Willis (fig.), No. 4, 16 (SOAP), No. 2, 19 UNIVAC I, No. 2, 10 Ware, Willis, No. 4,16 System configuration (fig.), No. 3, 47 UNIVAC 111,No. 4,28 Warlick, Charles H., No. I, 3 1 Univac Research Group, No. 2, 57 Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory, No. T Univac, No. I, 73, No. 2, 38, No. 3,60 2,65 Universal Digital Electronic Computer Watson, Ian, No. 4,40 TAC, see Tokyo Automatic Computer, No. 2, (UDEC), No. I, 72 Watson, Thomas John, Jr. (fig.), No. 2, 71 13 Universal electronic digital machines, No. I, Watson, Thomas John, Jr. (obit), No. 2, 71 Taft, Ed, No. 4, 87 14 Watson, Thomas John, Jr., No. I, 47, No. 4,77 Tandem Computer, Inc., No. 3, 69 , No. 2, 10 Watson, Thomas, Sr., No. 2, 71 Tape drive, No. I, 9 University of Michigan, No. 3,48 W&son, W.H., No. 2, 13 Taussky, Olga, No. I, 73 University of Pennsylvania, No. 4, 13 Watson-Watt, Robert, No. 2, 32 Taylor, Bob, No. 4,82, 86 University of Toronto Electronic Computer Weber, Ralph E., Masked Dispatches: Cryp- TCA, see Trans.Canada Air Lines, No. 2, 31 (UTEC), No. 2, 8, 24 tograms and Crytology in American TCP/IP, No. 4,87 University of Toronto, No. 2, 4 History (rev.), No. 4, 95 TCS, see Trap control system, No. 3,46 Unraveling Interpreter, No. 4,40 Weik, Martin H., No. 1, 37 TDFL program (fig.), No. 4,45 URAL-16 computer, No. 4,32 Weimar-Buchenwald concentration camp TDFL, No. 4,45 US National Center for Atmospheric Research (fig.), No. 3, 36 Teklogix, No. 2,28 (NCAR), No. I, 50 Weizenbaum, Joseph, No. 2,78 Teleregister Corporation, No. I, 62, No. 2, 32 US National Science Foundation, No. 4, 60 Weng, Kung-Song, No. 4,45 Teller, Ed, No. I, 36 Use of “Bug” in Computing, The Wescoff, Marlyn, No. I, 28,29 Texas Instruments, No. I, 49, No. 4,40 (Anecdotes), No. 2, 54 Westinghouse Electric Corporation, No. I, 30 Thacker, Chuck, No. 4,83, 84 USSR’s first electronic digital computer, No. White Sands Proving Ground, No. I, 30 Thackeray, William, No. 3, 12 I,5 Whitelock, P.J., No. 4,41 Thornton, James, No. I, 48 UTEC and Ferut: The University of Toronto’s Whiting, Paul G. (fig.), No. 4, 59 Tic-tat-toe, No. 2, 50 Computation Centre (tide), No. 2,4 Wlutmore, Wolryche, No. 3, 10 Time-sharing, No. 4, 64 UTEC computer (fig.), No. 2, 9 Widmayer, G., No. 4,21 Todd, John, No. 1,73 UTEC, see University of Toronto Electronic Wiener, Norbert, Invention: The Care and Tokyo Automatic Computer (TAC), No. 2, 73 Computer, No. 2, 8, 24 Feeding of Ideas (rev.), No. 2, 80 Tornheim, Leonard, No. I, 28 Wiesner, Jerome, No. 4,66, 68 Toronto Stock Exchange (fig.), No. 2, 27 V Wilke, Myron J., Electronic Marvels at State Toronto Stock Exchange, No. 2,27,40 Farm Mutual (rev.), No. 1, 80 Torres y Quevedo, Leonardo, No. 4, 12 Vacuum-tube circuit design, No. I, 5 Wilkes, Maurice, No. 2, 6 Total NSF funding, 1955-1973 (fig.), No. 4, Vacuum-tube circuits, No. 1, 13 Williams tube, No. 2, 8 71 Vacuum-tube failures, No. 1, 38 Williams, Bernard Orion (fig.), No. 4, 74 Trade Statistics Department, No. 3, 19 VAL code (fig.), No. 4,48 Williams, F.C., No. 2, 60 Trans.Canada Air Lines (TCA), No. 2,24,3 1 VAL language, No. 4,40 Williams, Michael R. (fig.), No. 2, 12 Transactor terminals, No. 2, 33 VAL see Value-oriented Algorithmic Lan- Wirth, Niklaus, No. 3, 59, No. 4,40 Transactor, No. 2,36 guage, No. 4,47 Wise, Michael, No. 4,41 Transcode (fig.), No. 2, 15 Valid, No. 4, 50 Wohlin, Howard, No. I, 3 1 Transcode, No. 2, 11, 16,62 Valid-N, No. 4, 50 Woodward, Viola, No. I, 30 Transistor research, No. 2,43 Valid-S, No. 4,50 Woolgar, CM., Household Accounts from Trantham, Frank, No. 2,67 Value-oriented Algorithmic Language (VAL), Medieval England (rev.), No. 2, 80 Trap control system (TCS), No. 3,46 No. 4,41 Works Project Administration (WPA), No. I, Traub, Ken, No. 4,47 van den Ende, Jan (fig.), No. 3, 24 73

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994 103 1994 Index

Worsley, Beatrice H. (Trixie) (fig.), No. 2, 15 Xerox Network System (XNS), No. 4,87 action between the Life Insurance and Worsley, Beatrice H. (Trixie), No. 2,5, 13, 62 Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), No. Tabulating Industries (rev.), No. 2, 80 Wortman, John, No. I, 3 1 4,x1 YKTSVC, see Yorktown Supervisor Call WPA, see Works Project Administration, No. Xerox PARC, No. 3,64 package, No. 4, 16 I, 13 XGP, see Xerox Graphics Printer, No. 4, 83 Yonda, Alfred, No. I, 3 1 Wulf, William A., No. 3, 57 Xnet, No. 4, 86 Yorktown Supervisor Call package Wyatt, Nicholas J., ed., History of Technol- XNS, see Xerox Network System, No. 4,87 (YKTSVC), No. 4,16 ogy Index 1992 (rev.), No. 4, 94 XPOP project, No. 3, 66 Young, David M., No. I, 30 Wynn, Paul, No. 4, 34 Young, Mabel, No. 1, 3 1 Young, Thomas, No. 3, 11 X Y Z X-75320 Network Problem Computer, No. 2, Y-MP, No. I, 56 6 Yamashita, Hideo (fig.), No. 2, 72 Ziller, Irving, No. 4,75 XDS 940s No. 3,63 Yamashita, Hideo (obit), No. 2,72 Zorpette, Glenn, “The Edison of Secret XEDIT, No. 4, 18 Yates, JoAnne, Co-evolution of Information- Codes” (rev.), No. 4, 95 Xerox Graphics Printer (XGP), No. 4, 83 Processing Technology and Use: Inter- Zuse, Konrad, No. 4, 12

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Volume 16,1994, Author Index

Aitken, Hugh G.J. No. 3, 71 Gutknecht, Juerg, No. 3, 59 Pascoe, Robert S.V., No. 4,38 Aspray, William, No. 4,60 Halpem, Mark, No. 3, 69 Petiot, Linda, No. 2,43 Buchholz, Werner, No. 4,79 Hammmg, Richard W., No. I, 78 Randell, Brian, No. 4, 6 Campbell-Kelly, Martin, No. 3, 5 Holmevik, Jan Rune, No. 4,25 Reingold, Nathan, No. 2, 78 Cemzzi, Paul, No. I, 80 Hume, J.N. Patterson, No. 2, 13 Sammet, Jean, No. 4, 81 Cohen, I. Bernard, No. 2, 55 Kistermann, Friedrich W., No. 1, 71 Smillie, Keith W., No. I, 79, No. 2, 54, NO. 2, Cohn, Harvey, No. I,76 Krull, Fred N., No. 3, 40 63, No. 4, 89 Cowlishaw, Mike, No. 4, 15 Kubie, Elmer C., No. 2, 71 Sutherland, Jay, No. 3,61 Croarken, Mary, No. 4,92 Lee, J.A.N., No. 4, 75 Takahashi, Sigera, No. 2, 73 Crosby, Kip, No. 3,58 Liebold, Peter, No. 4,9 1 Treichel, Jeanie, No. 3, 59 Crowe, Gregory D., No. I, 4 Lubar, Steven, No. 2, 77 van den Ende, Jan, No. 3, 15 Dornian, Alan, No. 2, 3 1 Luebke, David Martin, No. 3, 25 Vardalas, John, No. 2, 20 Dumey, Arnold I., No. 3,4 MacKenzie, Donald, No. I, 46 Weierud, Frode, No. 1, 79 Eklund, Jon, No. I, 62 Mahoney, Michael S., No. 2,76 Weiss, Eric, No. 2, 74, No. 4,94 Elzen, Boelie, No. I, 46 Milton, Sybil, No. 3, 25 Whiting, Paul G., No. 4,38 Fritz, W. Barkley, No. I, 25 Norberg, Arthur L., No. 2, 79 Williams, Bernard Orion, No. 4,60 Goodman, Seymour E., No. I, 4 Nurske, Peter, No. 3, 59 Williams, Michael R., No. 2,4, No. 4, 90 Griffith, Bernard A., No. 2, 64 O’Netll, Judy, No. 2, 75

104 IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1994