Download When Computers Went to Sea: the Digitization of the United

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Download When Computers Went to Sea: the Digitization of the United WHEN COMPUTERS WENT TO SEA: THE DIGITIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK David L. Boslaugh | 492 pages | 16 Apr 2003 | John Wiley and Sons Ltd | 9780471472209 | English | New York, United States When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy / Edition 1 This Print-on-Demand format will be When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy specifically to fill your order. Overview When Computers Went to Sea explores the history of the United States Navy's secret development of code-breaking computers and their adaptation to solve a critical fleet radar data handling problem in the Navy's first seaborne digital computer system - that went to sea in Perspectives Series. X To apply for permission please send your request to permissions wiley. Any Condition Any Condition. Read an Excerpt Click to read or download. With NTDS and wireless data links, ships could share the information gathered by their sensors with other ships in a task force. For a better shopping experience, please upgrade now. Author Information David L. Updating no longer required any inputs, unless the predicted motion began to differ at which point additional button pushes could be used to update it. To give the task force enough reaction time to deal with these threats, "pickets" were posted at a distance from the force to allow their radars to pick up the targets while still on the approach. Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. Buy It Now. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Analog systems were difficult to keep operational and subject to errors when maintenance was less than perfect. Automated military systems users and developers, real-time process control systems designers, automated system project managers, and digital technology history students will find this account of a United States military organization's initial foray into computerization interesting and thought provoking. Peter David Paperback Books. Retrieved July 13, Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. Dave Boslaugh details the innovations developed by the NTDS projectmanagers including: project management techniques, modular digitalhardware for ship systems, top-down modular computer programmingtechniques, innovative computer program documentation, and othernovel real-time computer system concepts. Considered one of the most successful projects ever undertaken by the US Navy, the Naval Tactical Data System NTDS was the subject of numerous studies attempting to pinpoint the reason for the systems inordinate success in the face of seemingly impossible technical challenges and stiff resistance from some in the military. They also built their own version of the Royal Navy's concept as the "Electronic Data System", and 20 sets were eventually produced by Motorola. Author: Boslaugh, David L. Namespaces Article Talk. This information could then be relayed back to the ships and to the weapons operators. If this is a republication request please include details of the new work in which the Wiley content will appear. The circuitry then adjusted the rate of predicted movement of the blip and displayed a pointer that moved over time. The system's success precipitated a digital revolution innaval warfare systems. Stock photo. This is the only book written on the UnitedStates Navy's initial application of shipboard digital computers tonaval warfare. Please read our Privacy Policy. The system's success precipitated a digital revolution in naval warfare systems. Show More. Dave Boslaugh details the innovations developed by the NTDS project managers including: project management techniques, modular digital hardware for ship systems, top-down modular computer programming techniques, When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy computer program documentation, and other novel real-time computer system concepts. Pages: Product dimensions: 7. Navy Program Guide. The Early History of Data Networks. About the Author David L. Information about targets would be forwarded to the CIC by the operators of the radar and sonar systems, where crewmen would use this information to update a shared map. This is the only book written on the United States Navy's initial application of shipboard digital computers to naval warfare. Unfortunately their design used tubes, and the resulting machine was so large it took up almost all of the free space on the Bangor -class minesweeper it was installed on. Warships have compartments known as Combat When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy Centersor CICs, that collect, sort and then communicate all of the battlefield information known to that ship. Logic circuits used discrete transistors and other elements soldered to a printed circuit board with connectors running along one side. Microsoft Rising IEEE Computer Society Buy It Now. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Logic circuits used discrete transistors and other elements soldered When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy a printed circuit board with connectors running along one side. No ratings or reviews yet No ratings or reviews yet. Warships have compartments known as Combat Information Centersor CICs, that collect, sort and then communicate all of the battlefield information known to that ship. Stock photo. Data from one computer simply needed to be copied directly to another, there was no need to code and decode analog signals representing those values. Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. About this product Product Information When Computers Went to Sea explores the history of the UnitedStates Navy's secret development of code-breaking computers andtheir adaptation to solve a critical fleet radar data handlingproblem in the Navy's first seaborne digital computer system - thatwent to sea in There were two major problems with this system. Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. Allow additional time for delivery Permissions Request permission to reuse content from this title. Boslaugh Views Read Edit View history. Information about targets would be forwarded to the CIC by the operators of the radar and sonar systems, where crewmen would use this information to update a shared map. Preface xxiii Introduction 1 1 Radar? Updating no longer required any inputs, unless the predicted motion began to differ at which point additional button pushes could be used to update it. Join a Wiley Engineering Mailing List. Development of computers in the mids led both by the Navy's long interest in code-breaking computers, the introduction of newer types of transistors, and the widespread introduction of core memoryreached a point where a Navy version of Air Force's SAGE air defense network was a practical possibility. By the early s the digital computer appeared to offer a solution, not only by greatly increasing reliability through the removal of any moving parts, but also by directly working with the digital data that made up the plots. Author: Boslaugh, David L. Show More Show Less. Best Selling in Nonfiction See all. Most NTDS computers were water-cooledthough some later lighter-weight models were air-cooled. Read an Excerpt Click to read or download. As the data was now being collected almost entirely from electronic devices and displays, a system that picked up this data directly from those displays would be ideal. Unfortunately their design used tubes, When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy the resulting machine was so large it took up almost all of the free space on the Bangor -class minesweeper it was installed on. However, the system was huge and did not include inter-ship transmission, so was only used on a small number of aircraft carriers. Devised to be used in conjunction with the Type radarthe first such system was developed by the Royal Navy in the immediate post-war era using analog systems that tracked the rate of motion of "blips" on radar screens. This item doesn't belong on this page. The Navy kept a watchful eye When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy these developments and others under Project Cosmos. The lowest-priced brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging where packaging is applicable. See all 4 brand new listings. To give the task force enough reaction time to deal with these threats, "pickets" were posted at a distance from the force to allow their radars to pick up the targets while still on the approach. Naval Tactical Data System Perspectives Ser. Some experiments with video cameras pointed at the radar displays were tried, but were subject to transmission When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United States Navy when the ships pitched on the swells and the high-bandwidth antennas no longer pointed at each other. Microsoft Rising Efforts to build a transistorized version of the DATAR did not receive funding and the project ended. Data from one computer simply needed to be copied directly to another, there was no need to code and decode analog signals representing those values. About this product Product Information When Computers Went to Sea explores the history of the UnitedStates Navy's secret development of code-breaking computers andtheir adaptation to solve a critical fleet radar data handlingproblem in the Navy's first seaborne digital computer system - thatwent to sea in Add to Wishlist. David L. Click to read or download. There were two major problems with this system. This Print-on-Demand format will be printed specifically to fill your order. Please read our Privacy Policy. Ralph Benjamin found that decoding the position of the joystick was not ideal and desired a system that read out relative motion instead of absolute position, and invented the trackball as a solution.
Recommended publications
  • The Computer Revolution in Canada: Building National Technological Competence
    Document généré le 25 sept. 2021 11:11 Scientia Canadensis Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine Revue canadienne d'histoire des sciences, des techniques et de la médecine The Computer Revolution in Canada: Building National Technological Competence. By John N. Vardalas. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. vi + 424 p., index. ISBN 0-262-22064-4 US$45.) Scott M. Campbell Volume 27, 2003 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/800471ar DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/800471ar Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) CSTHA/AHSTC ISSN 0829-2507 (imprimé) 1918-7750 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer ce compte rendu Campbell, S. M. (2003). Compte rendu de [The Computer Revolution in Canada: Building National Technological Competence. By John N. Vardalas. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. vi + 424 p., index. ISBN 0-262-22064-4 US$45.)]. Scientia Canadensis, 27, 126–129. https://doi.org/10.7202/800471ar Tous droits réservés © Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des / Association pour l'histoire de la science et de la technologie au Canada, 2005 services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Conservation Society
    Issue Number 52 Autumn 2010 Computer Conservation Society Aims and objectives The Computer Conservation Society (CCS) is a co-operative venture between the British Computer Society (BCS), the Science Museum of London and the Museum of Science and Industry (MOSI) in Manchester. The CCS was constituted in September 1989 as a Specialist Group of the British Computer Society. It is thus covered by the Royal Charter and charitable status of the BCS. The aims of the CCS are: To promote the conservation of historic computers and to identify existing computers which may need to be archived in the future, To develop awareness of the importance of historic computers, To develop expertise in the conservation and restoration of historic computers, To represent the interests of Computer Conservation Society members with other bodies, To promote the study of historic computers, their use and the history of the computer industry, To publish information of relevance to these objectives for the information of Computer Conservation Society members and the wider public. Membership is open to anyone interested in computer conservation and the history of computing. The CCS is funded and supported by voluntary subscriptions from members, a grant from the BCS, fees from corporate membership, donations, and by the free use of the facilities of both museums. Some charges may be made for publications and attendance at seminars and conferences. There are a number of active Projects on specific computer restorations and early computer technologies and software.
    [Show full text]
  • IEEE Annals of the History of Computing Published by the IEEE Computer Society 1058-6180/03/$17.00 © 2003 IEEE Ed in a Readable, Engaging Fashion, Full of the David L
    Reviews Raul Rojas, Editor Free University of Berlin Gerovitch, Slava, From Newspeak to Cyberspeak: A of scientific objectivity, characterized by rigorous think- History of Soviet Cybernetics, MIT Press, 2002, ISBN 0- ing, logical clarity, and quantitative precision. Aleksei 262-07232-7, 383 pp., $37.95. Lyapunov (recipient of an IEEE Computer Pioneer Award Slava Gerovitch’s From Newspeak to Cyberspeak: A in 1996) was an indefatigable proponent of the notion History of Soviet Cybernetics is a marvelous account of the that cybernetics could provide a single overarching con- history of Soviet cybernetics, from its roots in the work ceptual framework, methodology, and terminology for use of Norbert Wiener and Andrei Kolmogorov on control in the entire family of life and social sciences. Through the systems through its rise in Soviet society in the 1950s and efforts of the politically savvy former Deputy Defense 1960s, and its fall in the 1970s. Throughout, Gerovitch Minister Aksel Berg, cybernetics rose to prominence with- examines his subject through the distinctive, yet extreme- in the Academy of Sciences and was included in the 1961 ly appropriate lens of language. A proper understanding Program of the Communist Party as one of the sciences of science and technology anywhere in the world must crucial to the construction of communism. consider the interweaving influences of political, ideo- Soviet cybernetics became a victim of its own success. logical, economic, and social factors. Adding language to Cyberneticists sought to broaden the application of this mix is particularly appropriate in a study of science cybernetics to government and management, proposing and technology in the Soviet context, where the rules of an ambitious plan for nationwide, optimal planning and discourse provided the public stage within which all management.
    [Show full text]
  • The Trackball, a Related Pointing Device, Was Invented in 1941 By
    The trackball, a related pointing device, was invented in 1941 by Ralph Benjamin as part of a World War II-era fire-control radar plotting system called Comprehensive Display System (CDS). Benjamin was then working for the British Royal NavyScientific Service. Benjamin's project used analog computers to calculate the future position of target aircraft based on several initial input points provided by a user with a joystick. Benjamin felt that a more elegant input device was needed and invented a ball tracker called "roller ball", for this purpose.[5][6] The device was patented in 1947,[6] but only a prototype using a metal ball rolling on two rubber- coated wheels was ever built, and the device was kept as a military secret.[5] Another early trackball was built by British electrical engineer Kenyon Taylor in collaboration with Tom Cranston and Fred Longstaff. Taylor was part of the original Ferranti Canada, working on the Royal Canadian Navy's DATAR (Digital Automated Tracking and Resolving) system in 1952.[7] DATAR was similar in concept to Benjamin's display. The trackball used four disks to pick up motion, two each for the X and Y directions. Several rollers provided mechanical support. When the ball was rolled, the pickup discs spun and contacts on their outer rim made periodic contact with wires, producing pulses of output with each movement of the ball. By counting the pulses, the physical movement of the ball could be determined. A digital computer calculated the tracks, and sent the resulting data to other ships in a task force using pulse-code modulation radio signals.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Defence Acronyms and Abbreviations
    Acronym Long Title 1ACC No. 1 Air Control Centre 1SL First Sea Lord 200D Second OOD 200W Second 00W 2C Second Customer 2C (CL) Second Customer (Core Leadership) 2C (PM) Second Customer (Pivotal Management) 2CMG Customer 2 Management Group 2IC Second in Command 2Lt Second Lieutenant 2nd PUS Second Permanent Under Secretary of State 2SL Second Sea Lord 2SL/CNH Second Sea Lord Commander in Chief Naval Home Command 3GL Third Generation Language 3IC Third in Command 3PL Third Party Logistics 3PN Third Party Nationals 4C Co‐operation Co‐ordination Communication Control 4GL Fourth Generation Language A&A Alteration & Addition A&A Approval and Authorisation A&AEW Avionics And Air Electronic Warfare A&E Assurance and Evaluations A&ER Ammunition and Explosives Regulations A&F Assessment and Feedback A&RP Activity & Resource Planning A&SD Arms and Service Director A/AS Advanced/Advanced Supplementary A/D conv Analogue/ Digital Conversion A/G Air‐to‐Ground A/G/A Air Ground Air A/R As Required A/S Anti‐Submarine A/S or AS Anti Submarine A/WST Avionic/Weapons, Systems Trainer A3*G Acquisition 3‐Star Group A3I Accelerated Architecture Acquisition Initiative A3P Advanced Avionics Architectures and Packaging AA Acceptance Authority AA Active Adjunct AA Administering Authority AA Administrative Assistant AA Air Adviser AA Air Attache AA Air‐to‐Air AA Alternative Assumption AA Anti‐Aircraft AA Application Administrator AA Area Administrator AA Australian Army AAA Anti‐Aircraft Artillery AAA Automatic Anti‐Aircraft AAAD Airborne Anti‐Armour Defence Acronym
    [Show full text]
  • Scalar Dimensions of Non-Market Governance in Knowledge Economies
    SCALAR DIMENSIONS OF NON-MARKET GOVERNANCE IN KNOWLEDGE ECONOMIES A LOOK AT THE MICROELECTRONICS INDUSTRY IN THE GREATER TORONTO REGION Tijs Creutzberg Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto [email protected] Paper prepared for: The 2005 CPSA Annual Conference, London, Ontario, June 2-4th. Abstract This paper examines the non-market governance processes that have strategically supported and shaped the microelectronics industry in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). With focus on governance actors from each level of the state from the early stages of the industry’s development, the analysis shows how the federal level, once central to early strategic investments, has become increasingly less of a participant. Such a finding is in keeping with the claim by Swyngedouw (2003) and others, that advanced economies are experience a rescaling as a result of knowledge intensification whereby the networks involved in coordinating the economy are less dominated by the national level and increasingly animated by actors and institutions at the local and regional levels. Within the GTA, however, strategic economic coordination at the local level has been far from coherent, leaving a void in multilevel governance pattern that supports this important industry. There is some indication that this may be changing. In recognition of the importance of local level in localizing strategic investments, creating institutional supports for firm creation and growth, and in shaping the socio-economic environment, several new actors have emerged recently with locally focused strategic intentions. Given the many institutional barriers within the GTA, both cultural and political, it is far from clear, however, whether such developments will ever transpire into an integrated ‘economic community’ capable of responding continually to the restlessness of knowledge intensive industries.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 11. Computing in Canada Part 1: in the Beginning
    Lecture 11. Computing in Canada Part 1: in the beginning Informal and unedited notes, not for distribution. (c) Z. Stachniak, 2011-2012. Note: in cases I were unable to find the primary source of an image or determine whether or not an image is copyrighted, I have specified the source as ”unknown”. I will provide full information about images and/or obtain reproduction rights when such information is available to me. Introduction There has been a considerable effort in many countries to set up cultural and research institutions to preserve for posterity computer artifacts that document the cultural history of the information age. The mission of these institutions is to showcase the outstanding contributions of these nations to the development of computer and information technologies. The list of such institutions is long and includes: the Charles Babbage Institute (USA), the Computer History Museum (USA), the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum (Germany), German Museum of Tech- nology (Germany), Computer Museum, Achen (Germany), The National Museum of Computing (UK), The Centre for Computer History (UK), the Computer Museum at Bletchley Park (UK), ACONIT computer museum (France), Computer Museum and Archive, Paris (France), Computer Mu- seum of the University of Amsterdam (The Netherlands), the Finish Data Processing Museum Association (Finland), the Computer Museum of the Japanese Information Processing Society, Monash Museum of Computing (Australia), the Canada Science and Technology Museum (Canada), York University Computer Museum (Canada). 1 Fig. 1. Two world’s largest computer museums: Computer History Museum in Santa Clara, CA (top, source: unknown), and Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum, Paderborn, Ger- many (bottom, source: Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum).
    [Show full text]
  • Naming Early Mice Variants
    In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of an object held under one of the user's hands, with one or more buttons. The mouse sometimes features other elements, such as "wheels", which allow the user to perform various system-dependent operations, or extra buttons or features that can add more control or dimensional input. The mouse's motion typically translates into the motion of a pointer on a display, which allows for fine control of a graphical user interface. Naming The earliest known publication of the term mouse as a computer pointing device is in Bill English's 1965 publication "Computer-Aided Display Control". Early mice The trackball, a related pointing device, was invented by Tom Cranston, Fred Longstaff and Kenyon Taylor working on the Royal Canadian Navy's DATAR project in 1952. It used a standard Canadian five- pin bowling ball. It was not patented, as it was a secret military project. Variants Mechanical mice German company Telefunken published on their early ball mouse, called "Rollkugel" (German for "rolling ball"), on October 2, 1968. The ball mouse replaced the external wheels with a single ball that could rotate in any direction. It came as part of the hardware package of the Xerox Alto computer. Perpendicular chopper wheels housed inside the mouse's body chopped beams of light on the way to light sensors, thus detecting in their turn the motion of the ball. This variant of the mouse resembled an inverted trackball and became the predominant form used with personal computers throughout the 1980s and 1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Historiography 2 Scope, Scale, Concentric Diversification and The
    Notes 1 Historiography 1. CBI Auerbach Collection 91/2. J. R. Brandstadter, Project Engineer Auerbach Corporation. 6/12/1968. ‘Computer Categorization Study Submitted to Control Data Corporation’. 2. NAHC. B. B. Swann, 1975. ‘The Ferranti Computer Department’, private paper prepared for the Manchester University Computer Department. 3. As a side note, while in the US I drove past International Signals’ main building in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Being vaguely familiar with the production of military radio equipment, I wondered at the time how a facility like that could possibly have a backlog of orders with billions. It turned out that they did not have these orders at all. 4. London School of Economics. Archival collection, ‘Edwards and Townsend Seminars on the Problems in Industrial Administration’. 5. CBI Archive. International Data Publishing Co. EDP Industry (and Market) Report, Newtonville, Mass., published from 1964. The company name was changed in the late 1960s to International Data Corporation, and is now commonly referred to as IDC. The 1960s and early 1970s reports from IDC appear within the US vs. IBM collection. 6. CBI Archive. J. Cowie, J. W. Hemann, P. D. Maycock, ‘The British Computer Scene’, Office of Naval Research Branch Office London, Technical Report, ONRL 27–67, unpublished, 17/5/67. 7. NAHC. Moody’s Investors Service Inc. Moody’s Computer Industry Survey. New York. 2 Scope, Scale, Concentric Diversification and the Black Box 1. In 2003 Deutsche Bank estimated HSBC spent €3.04bn on technology-related activity, Deutsche Bank, 2004. E-Banking Snapshot Number 10. Deutsche Bank Research P2. This represented about a fifth of all administrative costs of HSBC (€15.7bn – HSBC 2003 Annual Report at 31/12/2003 exchange rate).
    [Show full text]
  • John F. Kennedy Space Center
    GP-589 Revised July 1973 JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (NASA-TM-X-69523) A SELECTIVE LIST OF N73-32908 ACRONIHS AND ABBREVIATIONS (NASA) 205 p HC $12.25 CSCL 05B Unclas G3/34 18468 A SELECTIVE LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Compiled by THE DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT KENNEDY SPACE CENTER LIBRARY Reproduced by NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE US Department of Commerce Springfield, VA. 22151 NASA-PAFB APR/70 N73-32908 A SELECTIVE LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS July 1973 DISTRIBUTED BY: KKn National Technical Information Service U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va. 22151 NOTICE THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CER- TAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RE- LEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE. July 1973 JOHN F. KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, NASA GP-589 Revised A SELECTIVE LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS KENNEDY SPACE CENTER LIBRARY APPROVAL (Mrs.)L.^. RusselT KSC Librarian . Date__—« bjA. —J. J7J17___ 3 PREFACE The Documents Department of the KSC Library has frequently been asked if there were available any number of lists con- taining acronyms, abbreviations, initials, code words and phrases generally used at the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC). After a careful search, only KSC GP-334, KSC Scheduling Abbreviation Glossary, was found. Therefore, to meet the need of the KSC Community, the Documents Department prepared KSC GP-589, the first selective list of - acronyms and abbreviations, with the issue date of October 28, 1969. This issue is the fourth revision to that list and is the most comprehensive one yet available in this format at KSC.
    [Show full text]
  • Building National Technological Competence. by John N. Vardalas. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001
    Compte rendu Ouvrage recensé : The Computer Revolution in Canada: Building National Technological Competence. By John N. Vardalas. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. vi + 424 p., index. ISBN 0-262-22064-4 US$45.) par Scott M. Campbell Scientia Canadensis: Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine / Scientia Canadensis : revue canadienne d'histoire des sciences, des techniques et de la médecine , vol. 27, 2003, p. 126-129. Pour citer ce compte rendu, utiliser l'adresse suivante : URI: http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/800471ar DOI: 10.7202/800471ar Note : les règles d'écriture des références bibliographiques peuvent varier selon les différents domaines du savoir. Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter à l'URI https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998. Pour communiquer avec les responsables d'Érudit : [email protected] Document téléchargé le 14 février 2017 07:24 126 Book Reviews / Comptes rendus The Computer Revolution in Canada: Building National Technological Competence. By John N. Vardalas. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. vi + 424 p., index. ISBN 0-262-22064-4 US$45.) The Computer Revolution in Canada does a great service exploring the foundations of our computer based society.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Ultrasound Scanning
    Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances: Development of Ultrasound Scanning Amar Bhidé Srikant Datar Katherine Stebbins Working Paper 20-003 Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances: Development of Ultrasound Scanning Amar Bhidé Harvard Business School Srikant Datar Harvard Business School Katherine Stebbins Harvard Business School Working Paper 20-003 Copyright © 2019, 2020, 2021 by Amar Bhidé and Srikant Datar Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Funding for this research was provided in part by Harvard Business School. Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances Development of Ultrasound Scanning Amar Bhidé, Harvard Business School Srikant Datar, Harvard Business School Katherine Stebbins, Harvard Business School Abstract: We describe how efforts on multiple fronts, including advocacy, training and technological development made ultrasound the second most used diagnostic imaging technology (after X-rays). Specifically, we chronicle: 1) ultrasound’s development and introduction in the 1950s and 1960s; 2) clinical adoption in the 1970s; 3) continued growth in the 1980s; and 4) new product introductions in the 1990s. Note: This case history, like the others in this series, is included in a list compiled by Victor Fuchs and Harold Sox (2001) of technologies produced (or significantly advanced) between 1975 and 2000 that internists in the United States said had had a major impact on patient care. The case histories focus on advances in the 20th century (i.e., before this millennium) in the United States, Europe, and Japan -- to the degree information was available to the researchers.
    [Show full text]