DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethnic Group Development Plan LAO

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethnic Group Development Plan LAO Ethnic Group Development Plan Project Number: 42203 May 2016 LAO: Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project - Additional Financing Prepared by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for the Asian Development Bank. This ethnic group development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Ethnic Groups Development Plan Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject Hmong New Year Festival, Lao PDR TABLE OF CONTENTS Topics Page TABLE OF CONTENTS A10-i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS A10-v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A10-1 A. Introduction A10-1 B. The Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject A10-2 C. Ethnic Groups in the Subproject Areas A10-2 D. Socio-Economic Status A10-3 a. Land Issues A10-4 b. Language Issues A10-4 c. Gender Issues A10-5 d. Social Health Issues A10-5 E. Potential Benefits and Negative Impacts of the Subproject A10-5 F. Consultation and Disclosure A10-6 G. Monitoring A10-6 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION A10-8 1.1 Objectives of the Ethnic Groups Development Plan A10-8 1.2 The Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project A10-8 (NRIDSP) 1.3 The Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject A10-9 2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK A10-10 2.1 Ethnic Groups in Lao PDR A10-10 2.2 Ethnic Groups and Development: Policy Context A10-10 2.3 ADB Safeguards for Indigenous Peoples A10-11 2.4 Ethnic Group Development Framework (EGDF), June 2015 A10-12 3. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT A10-12 3.1 Ethnic Groups in the Subproject Areas A10-13 3.2 Socio-Economic Status A10-18 3.2.1 Land A10-19 3.2.2 Language A10-20 3.2.3 Gender A10-20 3.2.4 Health and Hygiene A10-21 3.2.5 Social Impact and Inequality A10-21 3.2.6 Social Benefits A10-22 3.2.7 Expected Sustainable Outcomes A10-23 4. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATING MEASURES A10-23 5. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION A10-27 A10-i 6. COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM A10-29 7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT A10-30 8. BUDGET AND FINANCING PLAN A10-30 9. MONITORING A10-30 9.1 Internal Monitoring A10-30 9.2 External Monitoring A10-31 TABLES Table A10-1. List of Ethnic Groups by Ethno-Linguistic Group in Lao PDR A10-10 Table A10-2. Ethnic Groups in Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject A10-13 Table A10-3. Subproject Intervention Strategies A10-24 Table A10-4. Consultation, Participation and Disclosure A10-28 FIGURES Figure 1. Location Map of Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject A10-iii Figure 2. The Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject A10-iv A10 - ii Figure 1. Location Map of Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject A10-iii Figure2. The Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject A10-iv List of Abbreviation and Terms ADB : Asian Development Bank DAFO : District Agriculture and Forestry Office DCO : District Coordination Office DOP : Department of Planning EA : Executing Agency EGDF : Ethnic Groups Development Framework EGDP : Ethnic Group Development Plan EMP : Environmental Management Plan Farmers : In this report, means people or households owning and/or cultivating agricultural lands (irrigated and non-irrigated) FS : Feasibility Study FPG : Farmers’ production Groups GAP : Gender Action Plan GOL : Government of Lao PDR HH : Household HIV / AIDS : Human autoimmune deficiency syndrome IA : Implementing Agency IEE : Initial Environmental Examination IPP : Indigenous Peoples Plan Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (prepared for NRIDSP in IPPF : 2010, replaced with EGDF in 2015 ISF : Irrigation Service Fee Lao PDR : Lao People’s Democratic Republic LACR Land Acquisition and Compensation Approach LFNC : Lao Front for National Construction LWU : Lao Women’s Union MAF : Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MOM : Management, Operation and Maintenance NRI or NRIDSP : Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project NSC : National Steering Committee NPMO : National Project Management Office O&M : Operation and Maintenance PAFO : Provincial Agriculture Forestry Office PPO : Provincial Project Office PPTA : Project Preparatory Technical Assistance SIA : Social Impact Assessment SIR : Subproject Investment Report SPS : Safeguards Policy Statement (of the ADB, 2009) STI : Sexually Transmitted Infection Villagers : Refers to people residing in a village in general. “Consulted villagers” in this report means representatives of village authorities, LWU, LFNC, youth, men, women and ethnic groups WUA : Water User Association WUG : Water User Group A10-v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Introduction 1. The proposed Nam Oun subproject is comprises the rehabilitation and improvement of the Nam Oun Irrigation scheme, by means of construction of a new weir and improvement of existing main canals and related structures. It aims to increase the effective irrigated crop area of the system from 250 ha to 420 ha. The cropping system that will be introduced to maximize the use of irrigation water will be rice during the wet season and rice/other crops during the dry season. 2. The five beneficiary villages of the Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject have a total of 1,212 households (HHs) composed of 12 different ethnic groups. Of the 1,212 HHs, 559 HHs (46%) belong to the Lao-Tai Ethno-Linguistic Group with 6 specific ethnic groups (Lao/Lao Loum, Tai Lue, Tai Phuan, Tai Daeng and Tai Dam); 393 HHs (32%) are Mone Khmer Ethno-Linguistic Group with 3 ethnic groups (Khmu, Khmu Rok and Khmu Ou); 218 HHs (18%) are Hmong Iu-Mien with 3 ethnic groups (Hmong, Hmong Dam and Hmong Khao); and 42 HHs (3%) Tibeto-Chinese of Phunoi ethnic group. 3. The subproject is categorized as Category B based on the IP Screening Checklist in Table A7-20 of Annex 7 of the Nam Oun Feasibility Study (FS) Report. Ethnic groups in the area will benefit through the rehabilitation and improvement of the irrigation system. The subproject will not impact or interfere with the socio-cultural patterns or qualities of the ethnic groups in the area, nor will it disadvantage any of the ethnic groups. The subproject is expected to improve irrigation water availability and expand the irrigated area and hence, yield and production of agricultural crops as well as income from farmers. 4. This Ethnic Group Development Plan (EGDP) is prepared for the Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject located in Houn District, Oudomxay Province under the Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project (NRIDSP). The EGDP is prepared in accordance with the Lao PDR Constitution, relevant laws and policies, the ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and the Indigenous People Planning Framework (2000) developed for NRIDSP (updated as Ethnic Group Development Framework under the Small Scale Project Preparation Technical Assistance for NRIDSP). 5. The Plan emphasizes a specific action plan for the Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject in order to (i) address appropriate requirements for, including consultations with, the affected ethnic groups in the subproject areas, (ii) ensure that the benefits are culturally appropriate and equally distributed for the ethnic groups within the subproject coverage; (iii) avoid potentially adverse impacts on ethnic groups; (iv) minimize, mitigate or compensate for such effects when they cannot be avoided; (v) provide implementation measures to strengthen social, legal and technical capabilities of government institutions in addressing ethnic group issues; and (vi) specify monitoring and evaluation of the EGDP implementation. 6. Subproject field visits and consultations were done in February to March 2015 during the feasibility stage of the subproject. During these activities, the villagers (ethnic groups, men, women, village authorities) were informed about the Project, and were asked of their expectations (benefits and impacts) of the subproject, and whether they agree and support the implementation of the subproject. They were also informed about the Land Acquisition and Compensation process and requirements (such as involvement in asset measurement, valuation, compensation options, and the grievance and redress mechanism) of the land/asset acquisition process. In this forum, the villagers (ethnic groups, men, women, village authorities) expressed their full support on the implementation of the subproject. A10-1 7. Findings show that the subproject is a rehabilitation and improvement of existing irrigation system and will not result to any negative impacts to people/ethnic groups, as well as assets, land and crops. The feasibility study design has considered an alignment of irrigation facilities and structures, which avoids any acquisition of private assets. The corridor of impact is mainly within, partly outside the existing 6m wide ROW along the main canal’s alignment. (Refer to Land Acquisition and Compensation Report of Nam Oun Subproject). Furthermore, the subproject will not affect or interfere with the ethnic groups’ way of using land and natural resources and their indigenous knowledge as the irrigation system had been in use by the community for quite some time. Rather, the subproject will rehabilitate and improve the existing irrigation system to improve irrigation water availability within the irrigation command area. 8. This EGDP highlights how the subproject will bring about positive benefits equitably for the ethnic groups. Actions are specified to ensure that the Executing Agency (EA) and engaged specialists carry out appropriate measures to achieve beneficial results for the ethnic groups and avoid negative impacts. The EGDP will be implemented in synergy with the project’s Gender Action Plan (GAP), which addresses women’s participation in the project to ensure that gender equality measures reach women in ethnic groups in the subproject areas. B. The Nam Oun Irrigation Subproject 9. The proposed Nam Oun Subproject is located in Houn District, Oudomxay Province.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Geographic Traveler
    an APPETITE for LAOS The complexity, grace, and taste of Luang Prabang unfurl one delicious bite at a time The Nam Ou river was once a major transport route, bringing people and produce from northern Laos to Luang Prabang. By Andrew Nelson Photographs by Ewen Bell 54 NATGEOTRAVEL.COM SOMETIMES Raise a spoonful of tom kha kai, a traditional Laotian coconut chicken A PORTAL soup, to your lips, and a tantalizing perfume of lemongrass, lime, and galangal wafts upward. Its scent is ISN’T A DOOR. sublime and earthy, hot and sour. The fragrant plume comes with a peppery kick. The sensation is vivid, somehow poignant, and utterly transporting. IT’S A BOWL The memory brings a smile as I stand in a line of passengers at Luang Prabang airport, in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. I’ve traveled OF SOUP. 9,000 miles to Southeast Asia inspired by Van Nolintha, a charismatic 32-year- old Laotian-American restaurateur in Raleigh, North Carolina, whose inventive renditions of his child- hood dishes from his native land have earned the acclaim of diners and food critics alike. Now I’ve come for a taste of the real thing. Upon leaving the airport, my first views of Laos are the Phou Thao and Phou Nang mountain ranges, which surround the ancient royal city of Luang Prabang like an embrace. The slopes are lush with trees that comb and catch the low-lying clouds. As I enter the city, a cluster of motorbikes overtakes my taxi, trailing fumes and impatience. A teenage girl, sitting sidesaddle in a Laotian silk tube skirt called a sinh, flashes past.
    [Show full text]
  • Mon-Khmer Studies Volume 41
    Mon-Khmer Studies VOLUME 42 The journal of Austroasiatic languages and cultures Established 1964 Copyright for these papers vested in the authors Released under Creative Commons Attribution License Volume 42 Editors: Paul Sidwell Brian Migliazza ISSN: 0147-5207 Website: http://mksjournal.org Published in 2013 by: Mahidol University (Thailand) SIL International (USA) Contents Papers (Peer reviewed) K. S. NAGARAJA, Paul SIDWELL, Simon GREENHILL A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and War 1-11 Michelle MILLER A Description of Kmhmu’ Lao Script-Based Orthography 12-25 Elizabeth HALL A phonological description of Muak Sa-aak 26-39 YANIN Sawanakunanon Segment timing in certain Austroasiatic languages: implications for typological classification 40-53 Narinthorn Sombatnan BEHR A comparison between the vowel systems and the acoustic characteristics of vowels in Thai Mon and BurmeseMon: a tendency towards different language types 54-80 P. K. CHOUDHARY Tense, Aspect and Modals in Ho 81-88 NGUYỄN Anh-Thư T. and John C. L. INGRAM Perception of prominence patterns in Vietnamese disyllabic words 89-101 Peter NORQUEST A revised inventory of Proto Austronesian consonants: Kra-Dai and Austroasiatic Evidence 102-126 Charles Thomas TEBOW II and Sigrid LEW A phonological description of Western Bru, Sakon Nakhorn variety, Thailand 127-139 Notes, Reviews, Data-Papers Jonathan SCHMUTZ The Ta’oi Language and People i-xiii Darren C. GORDON A selective Palaungic linguistic bibliography xiv-xxxiii Nathaniel CHEESEMAN, Jennifer
    [Show full text]
  • A New Method of Classification for Tai Textiles
    A New Method of Classification for Tai Textiles Patricia Cheesman Textiles, as part of Southeast Asian traditional clothing and material culture, feature as ethnic identification markers in anthropological studies. Textile scholars struggle with the extremely complex variety of textiles of the Tai peoples and presume that each Tai ethnic group has its own unique dress and textile style. This method of classification assumes what Leach calls “an academic fiction … that in a normal ethnographic situation one ordinarily finds distinct tribes distributed about the map in an orderly fashion with clear-cut boundaries between them” (Leach 1964: 290). Instead, we find different ethnic Tai groups living in the same region wearing the same clothing and the same ethnic group in different regions wearing different clothing. For example: the textiles of the Tai Phuan peoples in Vientiane are different to those of the Tai Phuan in Xiang Khoang or Nam Nguem or Sukhothai. At the same time, the Lao and Tai Lue living in the same region in northern Vietnam weave and wear the same textiles. Some may try to explain the phenomena by calling it “stylistic influence”, but the reality is much more profound. The complete repertoire of a people’s style of dress can be exchanged for another and the common element is geography, not ethnicity. The subject of this paper is to bring to light forty years of in-depth research on Tai textiles and clothing in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), Thailand and Vietnam to demonstrate that clothing and the historical transformation of practices of social production of textiles are best classified not by ethnicity, but by geographical provenance.
    [Show full text]
  • Tau Tae Tching Or Lao-Tse (The Right Path)
    TAl CULTURE Vol. 20 Tai peoples in ChinaChina.. Part III _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Oliver Raendchen * TAI ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY: tau tae tching or lao-tse (The Right Path) Abstract In this essay, ancient Tai philosophy (way of life; perception of the world) is approached in a specific way. Following more than 20 years of his comparative and interdisciplinary study in the ancient philosophy expressed in the tau tae tching text on the one hand and the world view, way of life and practical behavior of the Tai peoples on the other hand, the author has been developing the firm belief that the ancient philosophical text tau tae tching - which is found in old written exemplars in the Chinese language and attributed to Laotse - is most probably rooted in the ancient traditions and philosophy of the Tai peoples whose forefathers settled in historical times in what is today South China. In the opinion of the author, the written philosophical text tau tae tching was created as a mirror, as a secondary image, of an existing culture, namely, the world view, way of life, and practical rules of behavior of the Tai peoples. Compared to the concrete behavioural rules, traditional laws, etc., of the Tai peoples, the tau tae tching is a philosophical condensation and abstraction. It is something like a bible of behavioural norms and was used not only for worshipping the holy “right path” of behaviour, but in fact represents a complete value system which reinforced the social order. As such, it was also the source for intellectuals to compete with other value systems (e.g., that of Confucius) which was followed by other ethnic groups, namely the Han-Chinese.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociolinguistic Survey of Mpi in Thailand
    Sociolinguistic Survey of Mpi in Thailand Ramzi W. Nahhas SIL International 2007 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2007-016, August 2007 Copyright © 2007 Ramzi W. Nahhas and SIL International All rights reserved 2 Abstract Ramzi W. Nahhas, PhD Survey Unit, Department of Linguistics School of Graduate Studies Payap University/SIL International Chiang Mai, Thailand Mpi is a language spoken mainly in only two villages in Thailand, and possibly in one location in China, as well. Currently, Mpi does not have vernacular literature, and may not have sufficient language vitality to warrant the development of such literature. Since there are only two Mpi villages in Thailand, and they are surrounded by Northern Thai communities, it is reasonable to be concerned about the vitality of the Mpi language. The purposes of this study were to assess the need for vernacular literature development among the Mpi of Northern Thailand and to determine which (if any) Mpi varieties should be developed. This assessment focused on language vitality and bilingualism in Northern Thai. Additionally, lexicostatistics were used to measure lexical similarity between Mpi varieties. Acknowledgments This research was conducted under the auspices of the Payap University Linguistics Department, Chiang Mai, Thailand. The research team consisted of the author, Jenvit Suknaphasawat (SIL International), and Noel Mann (Technical Director, Survey Unit, Payap University Linguistics Department, and SIL International). The fieldwork would not have been possible without the assistance of the residents of Ban Dong (in Phrae Province) and Ban Sakoen (in Nan Province). A number of individuals gave many hours to help the researchers learn about the Mpi people and about their village, and to introduce us to others in their village.
    [Show full text]
  • THE Tal of MUONG VAT DO NOT SPEAK the BLACK Tal
    THE TAl OF MUONG VAT Daecha 1989, Kanchana Panka 1980, Suree Pengsombat 1990, Wipawan DO NOT SPEAK THE Plungsuwan 1981, Anculee Buranasing BLACK TAl LANGUAGE 1988, Orapin Maneewong 1987, Kantima Wattanaprasert & Suwattana Theraphan L-Thongkum1 Liarnprawat 1985, Suwattana (Liampra­ wat) Damkham & Kantima Wattana­ prasert 1997, Oraphan Unakonsawat Abstract 1993). A word list of 3,343 items with Standard In most of these previous studies, Thai, English and Vietnamese glosses especially by Thai linguists, a Black Tai was used for eliciting the Black Tai or variety spoken at one location is Tai Dam language data at each of the described and in some cases compared twelve research sites: ten in northern with the other Tai or Lao dialcets spoken Vietnam, one in northern Laos, and one in nearby areas. The Black Tai varieties in central Thaialnd. The data collected spoken in Laos and Vietnam have never at two villages in Muong Vat could not been investigated seriously by Thai be used for a reconstruction of Old linguists. Contrarily, in the works done Black Tai phonological system and a by non-Thai linguists, generallingusitic lexicon because on a phonological basis characteristics of the language are and a lexical basis, the Tai dialect of attempted with no emphasis on the Muong Vat is not Black Tai, especially location where it is spoken. In other the one spoken at Ban Phat, Chieng Pan words, a description and explanation of sub-district and Ban Coc Lac, Tu Nang the so-called Common Black Tai is their sub-district, Son La province, Vietnam. major aim. Introduction Not only Thai linguists but also Thai anthropologists and historians are The Black Tai (Tai Darn, Thai Song, Lao interested in the Black Tai of Sip Song Song, Lao Song Dam, Phu Tai Song Chou Tai.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Social Inclusion Analysis (Gsia) Usaidlaos Legal Aid Support
    GENDER AND SOCIAL INCLUSION ANALYSIS (GSIA) USAID LAOS LEGAL AID SUPPORT PROGRAM The Asia Foundation Vientiane, Lao PDR 26 July 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................... i Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Laos Legal Aid Support Program................................................................................................... 1 1.2 This Report ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Methodology and Coverage ................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Contextual Analysis ........................................................................................................................3 2.1 Gender Equality ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Impact and the Adaptation of Boten People Under Chinese Transnationality
    S. Lertpusit / GMSARN International Journal 8 (2014) 109 - 116 Socio-Economic Impact and the Adaptation of Boten People under Chinese Transnationality Sivarin Lertpusit Abstract — This research paper is about Socio-Economic Impact and the Adaptation of Boten people under Chinese Transnational influences. Its aims are 1. To find out the transnational issues and the influences of Chinese capital in Laos: Boten 2. To study the socio-economic impact on Boten people. This paper uses qualitative research methodology by gathering information from documents and field research. Analyzed the information with Transnational Enclosure theory, Territorialization and Periphery framework. The research finds out that the transnational enclosure and territorialization were acting and processing parallel at the same time. Chinese capital power spread its influences on economics and politics in Laos which is the strategic country that China can connect itself to South East Asia. China focuses on its national interest in Laos, especially in logistic strategy as the main route for Chinese products. Its influences slowly enclosed Laos local people’s authority on their own spaces. Meanwhile, to reach its development goal, Laos’ government did not act against these Chinese investments, instead, the government set up regulations to support and facilitate Chinese capital. Reteritorialization is an example. Laos government defined Boten district as a worthy connecting location between Laos and China. Thus, it specified Boten district to be a Special Economic Zone which would be managed by Chinese developers. With this development plan, Lao government expanded its power over Boten community. Luangnamta province sent a number of officials to deal with Boten people.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 4-2:2011
    JSEALS Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society Managing Editor: Paul Sidwell (Pacific Linguistics, Canberra) Editorial Advisory Board: Mark Alves (USA) George Bedell (Thailand) Marc Brunelle (Canada) Gerard Diffloth (Cambodia) Marlys Macken (USA) Brian Migliazza (USA) Keralapura Nagaraja (India) Peter Norquest (USA) Amara Prasithrathsint (Thailand) Martha Ratliff (USA) Sophana Srichampa (Thailand) Justin Watkins (UK) JSEALS is the peer-reviewed journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, and is devoted to publishing research on the languages of mainland and insular Southeast Asia. It is an electronic journal, distributed freely by Pacific Linguistics (www.pacling.com) and the JSEALS website (jseals.org). JSEALS was formally established by decision of the SEALS 17 meeting, held at the University of Maryland in September 2007. It supersedes the Conference Proceedings, previously published by Arizona State University and later by Pacific Linguistics. JSEALS welcomes articles that are topical, focused on linguistic (as opposed to cultural or anthropological) issues, and which further the lively debate that characterizes the annual SEALS conferences. Although we expect in practice that most JSEALS articles will have been presented and discussed at the SEALS conference, submission is open to all regardless of their participation in SEALS meetings. Papers are expected to be written in English. Each paper is reviewed by at least two scholars, usually a member of the Advisory Board and one or more independent readers. Reviewers are volunteers, and we are grateful for their assistance in ensuring the quality of this publication. As an additional service we also admit data papers, reports and notes, subject to an internal review process.
    [Show full text]
  • Thai Song Dam, Wang Nam Village, Wang Yang Subdistrict, Khlong Khlung District, Kamphaeng Phet Province
    th The 10 International Conference on Art and Culture Network 11-13 march 2020, Kamphaeng Phet Rajabhat University, Thailand Thai Song Dam, Wang Nam Village, Wang Yang Subdistrict, Khlong Khlung District, Kamphaeng Phet Province Weerawan Jangmo1, Suphachokchai Nanthasri2, Phathooramphai Praphatsorn3, Pimnara Banjong4 and Wanassanan Nutchanart5 Office of Arts and Culture Rajabhat University Kamphaeng Phet 1E-mail : [email protected], Telephone Number : 080-9829596 Introduction The Tai Dam or Thai Song Damis a group of Tai people who originally settle in Sip Song Chu Tai or the Black and Red River Basin in Northern Vietnam, which is the original residence of the Tai Dam and Tai Khao which means White Tai.At present, Sip Song Chu Taiis Vietnam's DienBien Phu province, which has a border with Laos, Phongsali. Nowadays, the name people in Dien Bien Phu province call themselves is "Tai Dam" during the period when France came to rule Vietnam and Laos.They called tribes in the Black River basin Tai Dam. It’s not becausethe Tai Damlived in the Black River Basin, but they preferred to their unique black clothing dyed with the Hom (Baphicacanthus cusia) or Indigo (Indigofera tinctoria). The so-called "Lao Song", in fact, their race is not Laos. The reason for the name is due to the migration from Laos down to Siam. The term "Song people" or "Tai Song Dam" is more acceptable. For instance, a group of people in Phetchaburi is called "Song" or "Thai Song Dam" Picture 1 The province of Vietnam or Laos is the residence to Tai Dam people with Thaeng as a capital.
    [Show full text]
  • Epr Atlas 1080
    Laos Ethnicity in Laos Group selection Laos is a multi-ethnic country officially encompassing 49 ethnic groups (2910), which have been grouped primarily by language and 2910 [National Statistics Center of the Lao PDR, 2006] location into one of three categories: the Lao Loum (Lowland Lao), and the hill tribes constituting of the Lao Theung (Upper Lao) and the Lao Sung (Highland Lao) (2911; 2912, 247-248). Based on this 2911 [National Statistics Center of the Lao PDR, 2006] classification and linguistic considerations, we identify the following 2912 [Levinson, 1998] politically relevant groups: • The Lao (incl. Phuan) make up just over half of the total population according to the 2015 census and tend to be con- centrated in the flatlands and valleys (2913). They speak Lao, a 2913 [Minority Rights Group International, 2018a] Tai-language, and are the largest and most important Lao Loum group (2914, 247). Most people from this group are Theravada 2914 [Levinson, 1998] Buddhists (2915). 2915 [Minority Rights Group International, 2018a] • The remaining Lao Tai speakers include the lowland Phu Tai and several tribes who live in the higher valleys and on the middle slopes of the mountains in northern Laos. The tribes are usually categorized according to their traditional costumes, e.g. the Tai Dam (Black Tai). They are regarded as inferior by lowland Lao, and Tai, in turn, look down on lowland Lao for having failed to maintain Tai tradition and culture (2916). 2916 [Minority Rights Group International, 2018b] • The Lao Theung, sometimes called Lao Thoeng tend to inhabit mid-level slopes and speak numerous Mon-Khmer languages.
    [Show full text]
  • ED 206 7,6 AUTHOR V Understanding Laotian People
    DOCU5ANT RESUME ED 206 7,6 OD 021 678 AUTHOR V Harmon, Roger E. and Culture. TITLE Understanding Laotian People, Language, Bilingual Education ResourceSeries. INSTITUTION Washington Office of the StateSuperintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW)Washington, D.C. PUB.DATE (79) NOTE 38p. ERRS PRICE MF11/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *adjustment (to Environment): AsianHistory: Bilingual Education; Comparative Education;*Cultural Influences: Elementary SecondaryEducation; English (Second Language): *Laotians: *Refugees;*Second Language Instruction ABSTRACT This is a guide for teachersand administrators to familiarize them with the Laotianpeople, language and culture. The first section contains a brief geographyand history of Laos, a discussion of the ethnic and lingustic grpupsof Laos, and information on the economic andreligious life of these groups. Section two describes the Laotianrefugee experience and considers life in the some of the adjustmentsLaotians must make for their new United States. This section alsoexplains elements of the international, national and local supportsystems which assist Indochinese refugees. Sectionthree gives a brief history ofthe educational system in Laos, andthe implications for educational Suggestions for needs of Laotians nowresiding in the United States. working with Laotianp in'the schoolsand some potential problem areas of the are ale) covered. Thelast section presents an analysis Laotian language. Emphasis isplaced on the problems Laotianshave with English,
    [Show full text]