Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society JSEALS 12.2 (2019): 1-34 ISSN: 1836-6821, DOI: http://hdl.handle.net/10524/52452 University of Hawaiʼi Press NUMERAL CLASSIFIERS IN TAI LUE (XISHUANGBANNA) Audra Phillips Payap University
[email protected] William J. Hanna SIL International
[email protected] Abstract The Tai Lue language has a complex numeral classifier system in common with other Southeast Asian languages. Using data from a 344,000-word corpus of Tai Lue texts, this paper catalogues Tai Lue numeral classifiers and the constructions in which they occur. Like Standard Thai and Lao, the general inanimate classifier an⁴ and the animal classifier too¹ can substitute for specific classifiers, including classifiers for humans, when they host a demonstrative, adjective, or relative clause. Moreover, the human classifier, pʰuu³, occurs almost exclusively in these descriptive constructions. Keywords: Tai Lue, Southwestern Tai, Kam-Tai, numeral classifiers, classifier constructions ISO 639-3 codes: khb, tha, lao 1 Introduction Numeral classifiers are defined as forms that occur with numerals (Burling 1965; Craig 1992; Aikhenvald 2000). However, not every form that occurs with a numeral is considered to be a true classifier. Saul (1964) distinguishes inherent natural units from non-inherent imposed units, both of which occur with a numeral. An inherent natural unit refers to an inherent quality of the noun referent, while a non-inherent imposed unit refers to a measurement of the noun referent. Pe (1965: 166) distinguishes three categories: classifiers, quantifiers, and repeaters. A classifier refers to “an attribute of a specific object”, as in Thai pàakkaa sɔ̌ ɔŋ dâam ‘pen, two CL.long.object’ (Singnoi 2008: 84).