The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran Free

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran Free FREE THE MANTLE OF THE PROPHET: RELIGION AND POLITICS IN IRAN PDF Roy Mottahedeh | 416 pages | 01 Dec 2008 | Oneworld Publications | 9781851686162 | English | London, United Kingdom The mantle of the Prophet : religion and politics in Iran / | University of Toronto Libraries The Cinema Rexlocated in AbadanIranwas set ablaze on 19 Augustkilling The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran least people. It was the largest terrorist attack in history until the massacre of Sri Lankan Police officerswhich itself was later surpassed by the September 11 attacks. The ruling Pahlavi dynasty initially blamed "Islamic Marxists" for the fire [3] and later reported that Islamic militants started the fire, [4] [5] [6] [7] while anti-Pahlavi protesters blamed SAVAKthe Iranian secret police, for setting the fire. On 19 The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran at the Cinema Rex in Abadan, Iran, hundreds of people were watching The Deer [10] when, atfour men barred the doors of the cinema and doused it with petrol from a can. The fire started outside three entrance doors to the main hall after the attackers allegedly dropped a match into the petrol. The attackers then fled and blocked the doors from the outside. Some people attempted to escape by the roof. There is speculation over the actual number of casualties incurred during the fire. Some of the numbers cited by sources include[12] [13][14][15] and There have been numerous allegations regarding the identity of the perpetrators of the Cinema Rex fire, but it is certain that the event was a key trigger for the Iranian revolution in Initially, the revolutionaries alleged that SAVAK intelligence agents were in pursuit of individuals who ran into the theatre and used it as an opportunity to hide in a large crowd there. Unable to escape from the building, everyone inside the cinema died in the conflagration. Sobhe Emruz wrote "Don't make us disclose who were really behind the Cinema Rex fire. This caused the newspaper to be shut down shortly after. The new Iranian government arrested Captain Monir Taheri, who was accused by the Revolutionary Tribunal of Rudsar of having received guerrilla training in the The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran States. Taheri's defense maintained that he had never visited Abadan and that he was in Ahvaz at the time of the blaze. The tribunal found Taheri guilty and executed him shortly thereafter on 23 February Dillip Hiroauthor of Iran Under the Ayatollahssaid that anti- shah groups were not likely to have caused the fire, since the Cinema Rex was located in a working-class neighbourhood and was showing the film Gavaznhastarring well-known actor Behrouz Vossoughiwhich Hiro claimed had "passed the censors with considerable difficulty. According to Roy Mottahedehauthor of The Mantle of the Prophet"thousands of Iranians who had felt neutral and had until now thought that the struggle was only between the shah and supporters of religiously conservative mullahs felt that the government might put their own lives on the block to save itself. Suddenly, for hundreds of thousands, the movement was their own business. According to Middle East expert Daniel L. Byman"The movies were an affront to God, encouraging vice and Western-style decadence. So in Augustfour Shiite revolutionaries locked the doors of the Cinema Rex in the Iranian city of Abadan and set the theater on fire…" [20]. As the event took place during the revolutionary period, it was quite difficult to identify the perpetrators, making ill-conceived accusations The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran prevalent. Although sufficient evidence was never brought forth to facilitate such claims, the labeling would have far-reaching implications on the subsequent direction of the revolutionary movement. The circumstances The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran which the fire was set did not aid the Shah's pleas of innocence. The location of the incident, an impoverished district of Abadan, and its timing did not coincide with preceding patterns of protest, which raised the level of suspicion. It was also believed that the Shah specifically targeted Cinema Rex for the sole purpose of killing political dissidents who had gathered to watch the anti-government film playing there. Lasting from 25 August to 4 Septemberthe Revolutionary Tribunal oversaw 17 court sessions that involved the trial of 26 individuals, including the only survivor of the four-man arson team, Hossein Takbalizadeh, who stated in his defense that he was an unemployed drug addict. After much deliberation, Takbalizadeh and five others were put to death in public. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Economist. Retrieved 2 March SUNY Press. Retrieved 18 August Retrieved 1 January Kayhan Life. Archived from the original on 29 July Retrieved 22 January Blanchard Neocolonialism American Style, Greenwood Publishing Group. Arno Press. MacroHistory: The Prehistory to the 21st Century. Retrieved 21 August The Routledge Encyclopedia of Films. Nine Months in Iran. Byman, Daniel. Retrieved 6 May Behrouz Vossoughi. Archived from the original on 23 October Jamaran News. Iran portal History portal. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. AbadanIran. Arsonmass murderterrorism. The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran by Roy Mottahedeh In he graduated magna cum laude in history from Harvard College and was awarded a Shaw Traveling Fellowship which he used to explore Europe, the Middle East and Afghanistan. He then undertook a second B. Browne Prize. In he returned to Harvard for doctoral studies in history, where he studied with Sir Hamilton Gibb and Richard Frye. He was elected a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows and received his PhD in for a dissertation on Buyid administration which he still hopes to publish. Professor Mottahedeh began his teaching career at Princeton University in A Guggenheim Fellowship allowed him to write his first book, Loyalty and Leadership in an Early Islamic Societythe manuscript of which gained him tenure. As one of the first group of MacArthur fellows inProfessor Mottahedeh was initially doubtful that such an award existed and called back for The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran. The MacArthur award allowed him to write his second book, The Mantle of the Prophetwhich was a study of contemporary Iran as understood through two millennia of history. This book has been widely translated and remains in print. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Council on Foreign Relations and has served as a series editor for several academic publishers. In he was appointed Gurney Professor The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran History. Professor Mottahedeh received an honorary degree from the University of Lund, Sweden, in Roy Mottahedeh is the author of numerous articles that demonstrate his wide range of interests from the Abbasid period in the eighth century to Islamic revival movements of the present day. One of his most widely distributed articles, which has been translated into many languages, was his critique of Huntington's theory of the clash of civilizations. Professor Mottahedeh's other publications consider such diverse topics as the transmission of learning in the Muslim world, the social bonds that connected people in the early Islamic Middle East, the theme of "wonders" in The Thousand and One Nightsthe concept of jihad in the early Islamic period, and perceptions of Persepolis among later Muslims. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Learn how and when to remove these template messages. This biography of a living person includes a list of general referencesbut it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediatelyespecially if potentially libelous or harmful. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. This article needs editing for compliance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style. Please help improve it if you can. July Learn how and when to remove this template message. This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Mantle of the Prophet, The: Religion and Politics in Iran, by Roy Mottahedeh JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. A professor at Harvard, Mottahedeh has written an intellectual history as stirring and graceful as any novel. He sets the intimate biography of a young cleric against the vast epic of Iranian thought from Zoroaster The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran Avicenna, Kasravi to Khomeini. Oneworld Publications. Search: Search. A new edition of Mottahedeh's gripping account of Islam and Politics in revolutionary Iran. Buy from Amazon UK. Buy from Waterstones. Buy from Amazon US. The Book Drawn from the first-hand accounts of eyewitnesses, Roy Mottahedeh's absorbing tale of Islam and Politics in revolutionary Iran is widely regarded as one of the best records of The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran turbulent time ever written. This revised edition includes a new chronology detailing events in Iran from the revolution right up to the present day and Ahmadinejad's controversial regime.
Recommended publications
  • 1 Mahnaz Afkhami Oral History Content Summary Track 1
    Mahnaz Afkhami Oral History Content Summary Track 1 [duration: 1:15:04] [Session one: 5 January 2013] [00:00] Mahnaz Afkhami [MA] Born Kerman, Iran to farming family. Description of division of responsibility within extended family. Describes household and communal living with all family in one compound of separate houses, coming together at mealtimes. Description of mealtimes with grandfather at head of dining cloth, youngest at opposite end. Evocative description of kitchen set apart from living areas and emerging platters of food, served by grandmother. Explanation of private section of household and outer areas used for greeting visitors, business, formalities, predominantly by men. Grandparents’death bringing change with each house entertaining individually. [05:08] Remarks on speed of change consistent with change in country after Second World War. Describes intermingling of agricultural workers with household members. Describes donkeys carrying fruits from harvest, then modernisation. Describes city of Kerman, houses side by side each with garden, fruit trees. Describes characteristics of pistachio trees. Describes attendance of Zoroastrian school despite family being Sheikhi, Shi’ite branch of Islam. Head of Sheikhis, head of MA’s family with belief underpinning daily affairs without observing all religious practices. Reflects on enjoyment of school atmosphere and household full of children to play with, including servant component, MA among youngest, eldest of three in immediate family. [10:29] Divorce of parents, MA age 11, move to Tehran with mother and grandmother. Describes mother, from intellectual, academically oriented Nafisi family, among first women to attend university in Iran. Mother abandoning university studies to marry. Mentions grandmother single mother supporting herself through tailoring business.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran Pdf Free Download
    THE MANTLE OF THE PROPHET: RELIGION AND POLITICS IN IRAN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Roy Mottahedeh | 416 pages | 01 Dec 2008 | Oneworld Publications | 9781851686162 | English | London, United Kingdom The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran PDF Book The fire started outside three entrance doors to the main hall after the attackers allegedly dropped a match into the petrol. Instead it follows the intellectual life of a boy of a traditional mullah family from his childhood in the 40s of the 20th century through his education and up to the revolution of This book examines the life and thought of Ahmad Riza Khan - , the legendary leader of the 20th-century Ahl-e Sunnat movement, who represented a strong tendency in South Asian Islam which is sufi, ritualistic, intercessionary, and hierarchical in It does not warrant that reviews are accurate. Share Share. According to Middle East expert Daniel L. Our membership in ETAS has temporarily doubled our digital collections, adding 3 million additional items. You know the saying: There's no time like the present While in prison, Ali had come "close to despair, and he thanked God The true story of a young mullah, his life in the sacred shrine city of Qom, and the dramatic events of the Revolution, this enthralling account paints a vivid picture of contemporary Iran, while providing a panoramic survey of Muslim, Shi'ite and Persian culture from the Middle Ages to the current day. Read an excerpt of this book! He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Council on Foreign Relations and has served as a series editor for several academic publishers.
    [Show full text]
  • Newspaper for Month of June 2008 Issue
    Sarbazan Organization for Support of the Families of the Unsung Hero's Members of the Iranian Imperial Armed Forces www.sarbazan.com , [email protected] , [email protected] , P.O Box 16166 Beverly Hills, CA 90209, US ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ IN THE NAME OF MY FATHER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ We never give-up, never surrender, and we must go home, it is our destiny. We are proud Iranian, we will defeat our enemy and will prevail our enemy as our parents did, and we shall do it. Index 1. Dedicated from page 2-7 2. History of Monarchy in Iran Zamin from page 7-8 3. Annually 40 Tones of Uranium is Consumed by Iranian from page 8-9 4. One Factor of 1979 Riot in Iran from page 9-16 5. The Islamic Republic in Iran is an Illegitimate State from page 16-18 6. History of Nuclear Proliferation in Iran. Part ½ from page 19-20 7. Memoirs of a Soldier page 20 8. Behind Every Successful Man, There Is a Strong Woman from page 21-22 9. Feeling Pain page 22 10. Obituary page 22 11. Putting Smile on Your Face page 23 Page 1 of 23 Newspaper for month of June 2008 Issue Dedicated: This month’s paper is dedicated to Unsung Heroes that they faced cruelty of Marxist- Islamist riot of 1979 and their families felt huge losses in their life and nothing would be able to illustrate their excruciating pain that they have been going through in this life. 1. 1979 Jun 01 Hamzehlouieyan Ali Captain Shahsavar Execution 2. 1979 Jun 01 Kordbacheh Abbas Private-Army Yazd Execution 3.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Indeterminate Governmentality: Neoliberal Politics in Revolutionary Iran, 1968-1979 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fm253hw Author Davari, Arash Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Indeterminate Governmentality: Neoliberal Politics in Revolutionary Iran, 1968-1979 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Arash Davari 2016 ã Copyright by Arash Davari 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Indeterminate Governmentality: Neoliberal Politics in Revolutionary Iran, 1968-1979 by Arash Davari Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Kirstie M. McClure, Co-Chair Professor Mark Q. Sawyer, Co-Chair This dissertation situates the emergence of revolutionary resistance in Pahlavi Iran in parallel with the emergence of neoliberal political rationality in the Middle East. In the process, it theorizes neoliberalism anew. Through an engagement with archives of social practice in Iran and its diaspora between 1968 and 1979, neoliberalism is presented as a political rationality that involves rhetorical disavowal at root ¾ what I refer to as indeterminate governmentality. The study employs parallelism as a theoretical construct reflecting the logic of the revolutionary transformation and periodic shift at hand. The disavowals considered include renderings of a collective on individualist terms; formations of solidarity through empathy; and orientations toward order in the production of disorder. The archival material considered includes state documents; activist records, ephemera, and publications; theoretical texts; literature; popular cinema; periodicals; and ethnographic interviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources of Study
    SOURCES OF STUDY BOOKS PUBLISHED IN PERSIAN LANGUAGE Agheli, Bagher, Roozshomar tarikh’e Iran, az moshrouteh ta enqelab eslami [Chronology of Iran, 1896–1979]. 2 vols. Tehran: Namak, 1387/2008. Agheli, Bagher, sharh’e hal’e rejal’e siasi va nezami’e Iran [A comprehensive bio- graphical dictionary of contemporary Iranian political and military personali- ties]. 3 vols. Tehran: Goftar, 1380/2001. Ahmadi, Hamid, Tahqiqi darbareh’e tarikh’e enqelab’e Iran [An essay on the his- tory of the Iranian revolution]. Frankfurt: Enqelah Eslami Zeitung, 1380/2001. Alikhani, Alinaghi, ed., yaddashthay’e Alam [Alam diaries]. 6 vols. Tehran: Maziar- Moin, 2001. Alikhani, Alinaghi, ed., yaddashthay’e Alam [Alam diaries]. 6 vols. Bethesda, MD: Ibex, 2008. Alikhani, Reza, Shariati va Savak [Shariati and the SAVAK]. Tehran: Kavir, 1382/2003. Amini, Iraj, bar bal’e bohran, zendegi siasi Ali Amini [Political biography of Ali Amini]. Tehran: Mahi, 1386/2007. Araghi, Mehdi, nā’gofteh’hā; khāterāt’e Shahid Hāj Mehdi Arāghi [The untold memoirs of Haj Mehdi Araqi]. Tehran: Rasa, 1370/1991. Bakhtiar, Shapour, Si’ o haft rooz pas az si’o haft sal [Thirty-seven days after thirty- seven years]. Iran: Entesharat’e Radio, 1982. Bani-Sadr, Abolhassan, Dars’e Tajrobeh [Lessons drawn from experience], in con- versation with Hamid Ahmadi. Frankfurt: Englelab Eslami Zeitung, 2001. Bani-Sadr, Abolhassan, Khianat be Omid [The betrayal of hope]. Paris, 1982. © The Author(s) 2019 407 D. Bayandor, The Shah, the Islamic Revolution and the United States, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96119-4 408 SOURCES OF STUDY Bazargan, Mehdi, enqelab Iran dar do harakat [The revolution in two move- ments].
    [Show full text]
  • Class and Politics in Post-Revolution Iran: Descriptive and Substantive Justice
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2018 CLASS AND POLITICS IN POST-REVOLUTION IRAN: DESCRIPTIVE AND SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE Ali Dadgar University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Dadgar, Ali, "CLASS AND POLITICS IN POST-REVOLUTION IRAN: DESCRIPTIVE AND SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7352. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7352 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. CLASS AND POLITICS IN POST-REVOLUTION IRAN: DESCRIPTIVE AND SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE by Ali Dadgar A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada © 2018 Ali Dadgar Class and Politics in Post-Revolution Iran: Descriptive and Substantive Justice by Ali Dadgar APPROVED BY: _____________________________ M.
    [Show full text]
  • The U.S. Nuclear Disarmament Policy Imposed Towards Iran During Obama’S Presidency with a Focus on the Reasons, Procedures and Implications of This Policy
    People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research جامعة 8 ماي 5491 قالمة University of 8 May 1945 / GUELMA كلية اﻵداب واللغات Faculty of Letters and Languages قسم اﻵداب واللغة اﻻنجليزية Department of Letters and English language Option: Civilization The U.S. Nuclear Disarmament Policy Imposed towards Iran during Obama’s Presidency. A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Letters and English Language in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master Degree of Philosophy in Anglophone Language, Literature and Civilizations Submitted by Supervisor: LABROUKI Yaakoub Mrs. BARES Meryem Board of Examiners Chairwoman: Mrs. ZIYAYA Rima (M/B) (University of 8 May 1945/ Guelma) Supervisor: Mrs. BARES Meryem (M/B) (University of 8 May 1945/ Guelma) Examiner: Mrs. SADAOUI Lamia (M/B) (University of 8 May 1945/ Guelma) Septembre 2016 I Dedication I dedicate this work to my family, my beloved mother, who stayed up all nights with me when I was sick during last few months. I would like to thank her for encouraging me to carry on my academic career and finish university when I was about to leave it for a job opportunity I have received in 2013. Special thanks for my father who really inspired me to love politics and chose civilization because of his discussions which turn around daily political issues. Also this work is dedicated to my brother Ryan who tried hard to reach any congress man in the United States and conduct a short interview with him even though he failed to do so. Big thanks go to my friends and classmates who supported me during the whole year, Houssem, Safwan, Rabeh, and special thanks for Besma, Halima, and Fatma.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharing Secrets Optimizing International Intelligence Cooperation to Counter Terrorism & Rising Threats
    SHARING SECRETS OPTIMIZING INTERNATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COOPERATION TO COUNTER TERRORISM & RISING THREATS by Amanda Rossi A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Global Security Studies Baltimore, Maryland May 2014 © 2014 Amanda Rossi All Rights Reserved i ABSTRACT This thesis seeks to provide understanding of how the U.S. Intelligence Community (USIC) has and can continue to optimizing international intelligence cooperation to counter terrorism and raising threats. This cooperation has become important as non-state actors have spread out across borders, making it difficult for a single state to detect and thwart their operations. As a result, the USIC increased its cooperation with foreign intelligence agencies. The benefits and difficulties of these relationships have been highlighted in recent years with the loss of various intelligence partners after the Arab Spring and with the U.S.-Russian failure to share information on Tamerlan Tsarnaev prior to the Boston Marathon Bombing. Though there is a great deal of academic literature on the increase of intelligence cooperation amongst USIC agencies, the topic of international intelligence cooperation is understudied. Chapter 1 evaluates how effective increased international intelligence cooperation has been in combating al-Qa’ida’s operational capabilities, using international intelligence cooperation on terrorist financing and international intelligence cooperation against al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula as case studies. Chapter 1 raises questions regarding the qualities and measurement of successful liaisons. In response, Chapter 2 focuses on the successful factors of intelligence relationships, finding that shared interests, mutual trust, and awareness of partner countries’ political concerns are essential for success.
    [Show full text]
  • BBC and the Lranian Revolutkn 1978-1979 a Discursiver Analpis
    Under Western Eyes The BBC and the lranian Revolutkn 1978-1979 A Discursiver Analpis Reza Farokhfal A Thesis in The Department Of Communication Studies Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degm of Master of Arts at Cunwrdia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada Acquisitions and Acquisîtions et Bibliographii Services seMces bibliographiques The author has granteci a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dowing the exclusive permettant à la Naîional Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, Ioan, disîrii or seIl reproduire, prêter, distniuer ou copies of this thesis m mimform, vendre des copies de cette thése sous paper or electronic formats. la fmede microfichelfilm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership ofthe L'am conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extmcts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT Under Western Eyes: The BBC and the lranian Revolution197û-1979 A Dbcumive Analysis This study explains, from a discursive appmch, how the lranian revolution of 1979 was constructed by the BBC (Persian Service) as news story, and how this wnstnicted story as a text provided the lranian audiences, who participateci in the remlution, with a " preferted reading" of the events. The study gives a media narrative of the revolution as a historical "context", and deals with the BBC as a "sendet' in terms of its myHcreputation foP impartiality" and "objedivity" in representing the wodd events as news.
    [Show full text]
  • Iranian Revolution 1 Iranian Revolution
    Iranian Revolution 1 Iranian Revolution Iranian Revolution (Islamic Revolution) (1979 Revolution) Protesters in Tehran, 1979 Participants People of Iran Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Location Iran Date 1963-1979 Result Overthrow of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran headed by vilayat-e faqih Iran–Iraq War The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Islamic Revolution or 1979 Revolution;[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Persian: refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's (نمهب ود و تسیب بالقنا Enghelābe Eslāmi or ,یمالسا بالقنا monarchy (Pahlavi dynasty) under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution. Demonstrations against the Shah began in January 1978.[7] Between August and December 1978 strikes and demonstrations paralyzed the country. The Shah left Iran for exile in mid-January 1979, and in the resulting power vacuum two weeks later Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Tehran to a greeting by several million Iranians.[8] The royal regime collapsed shortly after on February 11 when guerrillas and rebel troops overwhelmed troops loyal to the Shah in armed street fighting. Iran voted by national referendum to become an Islamic Republic on April 1, 1979,[9] and to approve a new theocratic constitution whereby Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country, in December 1979. The revolution was unusual for the surprise it created throughout the world:[10] it lacked many of the customary causes of revolution (defeat at war, a financial crisis, peasant rebellion, or disgruntled military);[11] produced profound change at great speed;[12] was massively popular;[13] overthrew a puppet regime heavily protected by a lavishly financed army and security services;[14] [15] and replaced a modernising monarchy with a theocracy based on Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists (or velayat-e faqih).
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Discourses of Power and Freedom in the Iranian Revolution, 1979-81
    Islamic Discourses of Power and Freedom in the Iranian Revolution, 1979-81 A thesis presented by Mahmood Delkhasteh to The Sociology Department in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Sociology London School of Economics and Political Science London, UK © 2007 Mahmood Delkhasteh All Rights Reserved 1 UMI Number: U613375 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U613375 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TttBSC^ F I ' S W l Abstract This thesis has two aims: to expand scholarly understanding of the Iranian Revolution up to its transition to religious totalitarianism, and second, to present a non- deterministic theoretical framework for understanding revolutions more generally, which incorporates both structure and agency. Relying on a combination of extended interviews with leading participants and some hitherto unused primary sources, and with the help of secondary texts, it reconstructs the intense political
    [Show full text]
  • Iranian Revolution
    Iranian Revolution (1978-1979) Iranian Revolution/ Islamic Revolution WHY did the Iranian Revolution start?? The Iranian Revolution began when many Iranians and citizens within Iran were very dissatisfied with the rulership of the Iranian King, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. He replaced his father on the throne on September 16th, 1941. HOW and WHEN did the Iranian Revolution officially start?? It officially started in 1978 with the first major demonstration to overthrow the Shah [1]. In December 1979, the Revolution finally concluded with the Shah removed as ruler of Iran and with the approval of the new theocratic constitution. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini took the place of the Shah with the approval of Iran. [1] Angry students and religious leaders in Qom, Iran, demonstrated against a false story attacking Khomeini (the man helping overthrowing the Shah) in the official press. The army was sent in, and killed many of the students. Iranian Revolution The Iranian Revolution is considered the 3rd greatest revolution in history. On February 9th, 1979, million of Iranians came on to the streets of Teheran to welcome the return of the religious leader Ayatollah. He helped overthrow the much hated regime of the Shah. It was one of the largest demonstrations in human history (this shows how many people hated the Shah). WHY did the people hate the Shah so much? The Shah relied on manipulation and fear to lead the people. He esstablished a “secret police” ( SAVAK: spy on people and report back to the Shah). He closely identified himself with the West (U.S.) which was clashing with the Iranian, Muslim traditions.
    [Show full text]