Yr2018 OETM3 E TS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Yr2018 OETM3 E TS China’s only Orient Express Train joins with ASA Holidays Unprecedentedly Presents 13D Roof of the World Tibet + Exotic Desert Grassland (OETM3) Lhasa-Gyantse-Shigatse-Qinghai Tibet Railway-Hoh XIL-Xining-Lanzhou- Shapotou-Yinchuan-Hohhot-Gegentala Grassland-Beijing Orient Express Western Style Deluxe Special Train Most Luxurious & Most Stylish Enjoy Good Sightseeing Of Desert Grassland Tour Only Four luxurious Special Trains claimed to be “Orient Express” We are the ONLY One, No other competitors Special Departure: 31 May’2018 China Orient Express splendidly presented : "Roof of the world, the Holy City of Lhasa and the magic road, Qinghai Beauty, the mysterious Western Xia, Prairie pride, Vast Desert solitary smoke.....", all wonderful for your rendering! Best traveling seasons, organize one in a year (1) Experience pure land of mankind "roof of the world--the Holy City of Lhasa" mystery. (2) Comfortably explore the three great----one of the no man's land of Hoh XIL (3) Qinghai Xining, the origin of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River (4) Understands the north vigorous with south of the Yangtze River Yinchuan that interweaves elegantly harmoniously, appreciates "lone smoke on the desert, the perpetual flow setting sun" the friendly unusual landscapeIn one of China's four major sand "sand waves", play the China Geographic magazine as "China top ten most fun place". (5) Visit the "China Eastern gold Tower" of Xixia Mausoleums; explore the mysterious ancient Western Xia Kingdom. (6) Roam the beautiful "Gegentala" Prairie, experience “Clear skies, sweeping plains, the grass bowing before the wind, revealing grazing horses and sheep.” Handsome Prairie boy is riding a horse, you are welcome to come. Passionate girl will give you pure white Hada and singing a song "wishes drinking songs". At the same time you can enjoy the horse races, camel, wrestling performance Throughout the journey Accommodation: 2 nights onboard China Orient Express + 1 night High-altitude train (Qinghai-Tibet Train @ One cabin for 4 persons, 2 upper beds and 2 lower beds) + 9 nights @ Local 5 star Hotel and local best Hotel 1. China Orient Express Special Arrangement 1. Guests will enjoy 2 sweet night in Orient Express, 1 sweet night in Qinghai Tibet High Altitude Train* and the balance of 9 nights will lodge in local luxury or distinctive hotels. <Deluxe Suite Package Cabin > One cabin for 2 persons and 1 Double bed with attached Toilet / wash facilities < Twin Cosy Package Cabin > One cabin for 2 persons and 2 flatbeds. < Quarter Package Cabin > One cabin for 4 persons, 2 upper beds and 2 lower beds. < *Qinghai Tibet High Altitude Train > One cabin for 4 persons, 2 upper beds and 2 lower beds. Orient Express Totally 8 cabins per carriage , Toilet / wash facilities are available at each end of the carriage 2. Special Privacy Deluxe Cabin: Guests only wait at the platform for the special train to arrive to go for sightseeing. There are porters to help you carrying luggage to aboard and alight from beginning to terminal, OETM3 1/4 Updated 4Jan2018@8pm convenient for you not to worry about your luggage, you just have to carry the handy belongings and happily enjoy the whole journey relaxedly. 3. The temperature of China Orient Express is generally 72 degree centigrade in winter spring time and it will be fully air-conditioned when guests aboard the train during spring time. You will feel comfortable like return home after you have completed your tour. 4. There is bar facility in the Orient Express. You may savour the fragrant and strong on-the-spot ground brewed Coffee either playing chess with your friends or thoroughly enjoy with Karaoke. 5. National class chefs will be on the spot to cook special sumptuous cuisines to whet your appetite. Guests will enjoy different flavours of every regular meal scrupulously cooked to let them have a chance to savour the sort of Chinese dishes from different areas. There will be complimentary of red wine, beer, beverage and fruits after each regular meal. 6. Onboard Doctors and medical facilities. To give you peace of mind our tours are accompanied by a doctor who travels with us for the entire journey; so you can rest assured that medical assistance is always available. 7. Fresh and sumptuous fruits will be free offer to your privacy cabin. You can leisurely and carefree sit in your luxury privacy cabin to enjoy the dainty fresh fruits of Tibet and Middle Asia as well as appreciate the most primeval scenery of Silk Road along the journey. 8. There are only 4 Luxury Special Rails to be qualified and claimed “Orient Express Trains” in the world. Those who aboard the Orient Express will get a unique “Boarding Certificate” personally signed by the captain for your memorabilia forever. 2. Qinghai Tibet High Altitude Train The "Sky Train", "Lhasa Express", "Rocket to the rooftop of the world", "World's highest railway"; regardless of what it is called, this Qinghai Tibet train is truly an engineering wonder. The train is equipped with 2 Oxygen sources, 1) released throughout the cabins when reaching Golmud and heading into Tibet and 2) Personal Oxygen Canisters in case you feel light headed and only available from Tibet to Golmud or from Golmud to Tibet 3. Hotel Arrangement 1. Hotel arrangement: Elaborate guest of the hotel, all in the downtown area with sumptuous breakfast 2. Local Delicacies/Meal arrangement :Full meal around the selected features gourmet flavors, arrangements to enjoy around the flavor. We selected for you in various areas of the restaurant, is no ordinary team dinner restaurant. Features of Tibetan meal, Palace Mushroom Soup, Yinchuan Boiled Meat , Inner Mongolia Roasted Lamb, Beijing Quanjude Roasted Duck . 3. Coach Arrangement :All use of air conditioning seated coach makes your trip even more distinguished and comfortable. 4. Guide: Chinese tour guide in the wonderful explanation and Chinese professional full service national guide on the Orient Express. 5. Specially selected wonderful attractions, covers the essence of mysterious Tibet culture, and the ancient Han & Tang Dynasties 6. The intimate arrangement :Tibet sectors coaches equipped with oxygen cylinders, mineral water; Terracotta warriors & horses Museum with battery vehicle access. 7. VIP tours with ONE Shopping Stop throughout Day 1 (31 May) Singapore Q Beijing (Meal on board/Dinner) Assemble at Singapore Changi Airport for your flight to Beijing . Upon arrival, transfer to hotel. Accommodation: Beijing Sheraton Hotel or similar Day 2 (01 Jun) Beijing Q Lhasa (Packed Breakfast/Dinner) Transfer to domestic flight to Lhasa , the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Upon arrival Lhasa airport, our tour guide will meet you and transfer you to hotel. For the rest of the day you will be at leisure for acclimatization to the altitude of the Tibetan plateau. Accommodation: Lhasa Brahmaputra Grand Hotel or similar Day 3 (02 Jun) Lhasa (B/L/D) Following breakfast, we begin our exploration of the: Famous Potala Palace perched on the northern side of Morburi Mountain. Throughout the ages, it had been the winter palace of Dalai Lamas. Its name means ‘sacred Buddhist site’ in the Tibetan language. This palace-like complex of buildings was first built in the 7 th century AD by King Songtsen Gampo to mark his marriage with the Tang OETM3 2/4 Updated 4Jan2018@8pm princess Wencheng as well as to house the Buddha images brought by Wencheng and the Nepalese princess Bhrikuti Devi. The palace also houses priceless artefacts and artworks. Jokhang Monastery , situated in the centre of Lhasa. It was first built in 674AD to celebrate the marriage of King Songtsen Gampo with Princess Wencheng and Bhrikuti Devi, both devout Buddhists. This monastery underwent expansion over the years and today, its four-level main hall sports a gilded roof and a blend of Han Chinese, Tibetan, Nepalese and Indian architectural styles. Barkhor Street in the old city, which offers glimpses of traditional Tibetan life. The faithful chant and circumambulate around Jokhang Monastery. In this circular street there are also shops selling a wide variety of crafts such as Tibetan knives, bangles, shoes and more. After a sumptuous Tibet style dinner and Tibetan folk songs and dances show , we drive pass and take a view of the Potala palace from the Potala Square at night is a must, as it is beautifully lit. Accommodation: Lhasa Brahmaputra Grand Hotel or similar Day 4 (03 Jun) Lhasa/Shigatse (B/L/D) Depart for Shigatse . Tashi-Lhunpo Monastery , the largest monastery of the Tibetan Buddhist Yellow Sect and seat of the Panchen Lama. This monastery, whose beauty is on par with that of Potala Palace. It was founded by the first Dalai Lama, Gyalwa Gendun Drup, in 1447AD. Its name means ‘all fortune and happiness gather here’. The Main Chanting Hall houses the Panchen Lama’s throne and several chapels, including a Sakyamuni chapel, Bodhisattva chapel and Tara chapel. Don’t miss the Tenth Panchen Lama’s Stupa. The Tenth Panchen Lama was a highly respected Tibetan Buddhist leader. Accommodation: Shihatse Hotel or similar Day 5 (04 Jun) Shigatse/Gyantse/Lhasa (B/L/D) Yamdrok Lake is a freshwater lake in Tibet, it is one of the three largest sacred lakes in Tibet. Lake Yamdrok is said to be able to help Tibetans find the reincarnated soul of the Dalai Lama. We proceed back to Lhasa . On the way, we can enjoy scenic views of the Yarlung Zangbo Gorge. Stay Overnight in Lhasa. Accommodation: Lhasa Brahmaputra Grand Hotel or similar Day 6 (05 Jun) Lhasa/Scenic Journey on the World’s Highest Railway (B)(L/D onboard the train) After breakfast, free at own leisure till we onboard the most luxurious train on the world’s highest railway.
Recommended publications
  • Inner Mongolia
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: CHN30730 Country: China Date: 13 October 2006 Keywords: CHN30730 – Tibetan Buddhism – Government Treatment – Inner Mongolia This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Please provide some background information on this Huang Jiao group. 2. Please provide information on the Chinese government’s treatment of this group, especially in Mongolia. RESPONSE 1. Please provide some background information on this Huang Jiao group. The file indicates that the applicant is from Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The applicant claims to practice a religion from Tibet similar to Buddhism. According to the US Department of State, most ethnic Mongolians practice Tibetan Buddhism (US Department of State 2006, International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – China, 15 September, Section 1 – Attachment 1). Huang Jiao means yellow religion in Chinese. One reference to huang jiao was found amongst the sources consulted. The article published in The Drama Review in 1989 reports that huang jiao is the yellow sect of Tibetan Buddhism (Liuyi, Qu et al 1989, ‘The Yi: Human Evolution Theatre’, The Drama Review, Vol 33, No 3, Autumn, p.105 – Attachment 2). The yellow sect of Tibetan Buddhism is more commonly known as Gelug but is also known as Geluk, Gelugpa, Gelukpa, Gelug pa, Geluk pa and the Yellow Hat sect.
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
    11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise).
    [Show full text]
  • The Interaction Between Ethnic Relations and State Power: a Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Georgia State University Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Sociology Dissertations Department of Sociology 5-27-2008 The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911 Wei Li Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Li, Wei, "The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2008. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/33 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Sociology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ETHNIC RELATIONS AND STATE POWER: A STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENT TO THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF CHINA, 1850-1911 by WEI LI Under the Direction of Toshi Kii ABSTRACT The case of late Qing China is of great importance to theories of economic development. This study examines the question of why China’s industrialization was slow between 1865 and 1895 as compared to contemporary Japan’s. Industrialization is measured on four dimensions: sea transport, railway, communications, and the cotton textile industry. I trace the difference between China’s and Japan’s industrialization to government leadership, which includes three aspects: direct governmental investment, government policies at the macro-level, and specific measures and actions to assist selected companies and industries.
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】
    Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】 【OBD】Beijing Essence Tour Price List US $ per person Itinerary 1: Beijing 3N4D Tour Itinerary 2: Beijing 4N5D Tour Tour Fare Itinerary 1 3N4D Itinerary 2 4N5D O Level A Level B Level A Level B B OBD4A OBD4B OBD5A OBD5B D Valid Date WED/FRI WED/FRI/SUN TUE/THU TUE/THU/SUN 2011.3.1-2011.8.31 208 178 238 198 Beijing 2011.9.1-2011. 11.30 218 188 258 208 2011.12.1-2012. 2.29 188 168 218 188 Single Room Supp. 160 130 200 150 Tips 32 32 40 40 1) Price excludes tips. The tips are for tour guide, driver and bell boys in hotel. Children should pay as much as adults. 2) Specified items(self-financed): Remarks Beijing/Kung Fu Show (US $28/P); [Half price (no seat) for child below 1.0m; full price for child over 1.0m. Only one child without seat is allowed for two adults.] 3) Total Fare: tour fare + specified self-financed fee(US $28/P) The price is based on adults; the price for children can be found on Page 87 Detailed Start Dates (The Local Date in China) Date Every Tues. Every Wed. Every Thur. Every Fri. Every Sun. Month OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD4B/OBD5B 2011. 3. 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 02, 09, 16, 23, 30 03, 10, 17, 24, 31 04, 11, 18, 25 06, 13, 20, 27 2011. 4. 05, 12, 19, 26 06, 13, 20, 27 07, 14, 21, 28 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 03, 10, 17, 24 Tour Highlights Tour Code:OBD4A/B Wall】 of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Destination Tourism in Greater Tumen Region
    MULTI-DESTINATION TOURISM IN GREATER TUMEN REGION RESEARCH REPORT 2013 MULTI-DESTINATION TOURISM IN GREATER TUMEN REGION RESEARCH REPORT 2013 Greater Tumen Initiative Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH GTI Secretariat Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration in Asia (RCI) Tayuan Diplomatic Compound 1-1-142 Tayuan Diplomatic Office Bldg 1-14-1 No. 1 Xindong Lu, Chaoyang District No. 14 Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100600, China Beijing, 100600, China www.tumenprogramme.org www.economicreform.cn Tel: +86-10-6532-5543 Tel: + 86-10-8532-5394 Fax: +86-10-6532-6465 Fax: +86-10-8532-5774 [email protected] [email protected] © 2013 by Greater Tumen Initiative The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Greater Tumen Initiative (GTI) or members of its Consultative Commission and Tourism Board or the governments they represent. GTI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, GTI does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. “Multi-Destination Tourism in the Greater Tumen Region” is the report on respective research within the GTI Multi-Destination Tourism Project funded by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The report was prepared by Mr. James MacGregor, sustainable tourism consultant (ecoplan.net).
    [Show full text]
  • Inner Mongolia & Ningxia Adventure-161014-1
    Phone: 951-9800 Toll Free:1-877-951-3888 E-mail: [email protected] www.airseatvl.com 50 S. Beretania Street, Suite C - 211B, Honolulu, HI 96813 China Explore Mongolia ** The Home Land of Genghis Khan Magic Ningxia ** Oasis in the Loess Highland & Hui Culture Touring cities: Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos, Yichuan, Zhongwei, Wuzhong, Guyuan & Beijing Tour Package Includes Traveling Dates: * Direct Flight from Honolulu to Beijing * 2 Domestic Air Flights Jun 5 – 20, 2017 * Hotel Accommodations for 13 Nights (based on double occupancy) * Admissions and 35 Meals as stated ( 16 Days) * UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Temple of Heaven * Mongolian Bonfire Party and 1 night experience in a Chariot Yurt * Local Specialty Cuisine: Beijing Zhajiangmain, Mongolian Boiled Lamb & Price per person: Mongolian Hotpot * Camel Ride in Tengger Desert, one of the largest deserts in China * Boat Tour on Shahu (Sand Lake) $ 2, 988 * The China West Film Studio Tour Incl: Tax & Fuel Charge Shuidonggou Ruins/Ming Great Wall Tour * Single Supp: $ 750 There exists a paradise where the chilly wind and the blue sky embrace you like a silk blanket. In this paradise, the desert sun warms your skin to your delight and the moonbeam shines brightly into the night like a phoenix. Here, you will feel the presence of yesterday’s culture and the promise of ongoing development. This is Inner Mongolia - where major attractions are the vast grassland and deserts. The autonomous region of Inner Mongolia looks like a long and narrow colorful picture scroll threading the east to the west, revealing its splendor and grandeur. Ningxia, located in China’s geometric center, is a dazzling pearl in northwest China.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mandala As a Cosmic Model: Integrating Temple Architecture Within the Tibetan Buddhist Landscape
    92nd ACSA ANNUAL MEETING MIAMI FL MARCH 18-21, 2004 143 The Mandala as a Cosmic Model: Integrating Temple Architecture within the Tibetan Buddhist Landscape PING XU University of Colorado at Denver Key n ords: in Inner Rlongolia in China. Also. there are increasing numbers of belie\erb in 3orth America and Bestern Europe. mandala cos~nicmodel 9 mbolisni micro to macro scale In Tibet. el eq citj . tov n. 1 illage. and el en ex erq home has its spatial organization circumambulation own temple. \\hich pro~idesa focus for the social and spiritual integration temple architecture lifr of the Tibetan communitj. Tibet once had oxer 6000 Tibetan Buddhist landscape temples. E\ erj i~nportanthistorical el ent. often linked to a religious re~olution.left hehind a great temple as an historical mark. Fanlous temples ere concentrated in Tibet. but many \$ere also located in the surrounding regions: Gansu. Qinghai. INTRODUCTIOX Sichuan. and Jongnan Prolinces. Farther off. manj famous temples Mere located in Inner Zlongolia. Beijing. and Chengde. The mandala as a Buddhist cosmic model of oiganizing the spiritual \+orldhas receixed great attention worldnide. especial- The wide distribution of Tibetan temples throughout China mas 1) for its iole in Tibetan Buddhist practices and its s!mbolism in the result of historical arid political factors. During the Yan religious architecture. Surprisinglj . among the \ olumes written Dynast! (1271-1368 AD). the emperors, u ho Mere descendents about the mandala. fen stress the integration of temple of Genghis Khan of Mongolia. adopted Tibetan Buddhism as architectuie mith its surrounding landscape. Emphasizing the the national religion of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Chan Insights and Oversights
    CHAN INSIGHTS AND OVERSIGHTS CHAN INSIGHTS AND OVERSIGHTS AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF THE CHAN TRADITION BERNARD FAURE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY Copyright © 1993 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Faure, Bernard. Chan insights and oversights: an epistemological critique of the Chan tradition / Bernard Faure. p. cm. ISBN 0-691-06948-4 ISBN 0-691-02902-4 (pbk.) 1. Knowledge, Theory of (Buddhism). 2. Hermeneutics—Religious aspects—Zen Buddhism. 3. Zen Buddhism—Study and teaching. 4. Zen Buddhism—Doctrines. I. Title. BQ4440.F38 1993 294.3—dc20 92-37150 This book has been composed in Linotron Sabon Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources Second printing, and first paperback printing, 1996 Printed in the United States of America by Princeton Academic Press 10 98765432 For Anna Seidel CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix ABBREVIATIONS xi INTRODUCTION 3 Chan as Secondary Orientalism 5 The Cultural "Encounter Dialogue " 9 Comparison, Counterpoint, Intertwining 10 PART ONE CHAPTER ONE Chan/Zen in the Western Imagination 15 Missionary Accounts 15 Buddhism and Quietism 29 Chan and Indian Mysticism 34 The Apostle Bodhidharma 45 Claudel
    [Show full text]
  • By Martino Dibeltulo a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The
    THE REVIVAL OF TANTRISM: TIBETAN BUDDHISM AND MODERN CHINA by Martino Dibeltulo A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Asian Languages and Cultures) in The University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Donald S. Lopez, Jr., Chair Assistant Professor Micah Auerback Assistant Professor Benjamin Brose Professor Tomoko Masuzawa Associate Professor Elliot Sperling, Indiana University Associate Professor Gray Tuttle, Columbia University © Martino Dibeltulo ————————————2015 All rights reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation owes its completion to the labors of many people and to the contribution of many institutions. First of all, I would like to thank the members of my committee, who have inspired me and supported me in many ways during my graduate career. My advisor, Professor Donald Lopez, has always offered the best advice, providing me with the intellectual space that has seen this project grow into the present form. The clear, insightful, and timely comments he has made on each of my many drafts have illuminated my writing, inspiring my commitment to scholarship in Buddhist Studies. Both in the research and writing stages, Professor Micah Auerback has generously offered his insight into the study of Buddhism in modern and contemporary Japan, unselfishly helping me to read and translate texts from the Japanese language. Since my early graduate years, Professor Benjamin Brose has been a mentor and a friend, providing me with essential advice on the study of Buddhism in China. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Tomoko Masuzawa, who has welcomed me in several of her graduate seminars, where this dissertation was conceived as a genealogy.
    [Show full text]
  • Discover Your 2 Welcome
    DISCOVER YOUR 2 WELCOME Welcome to China Holidays We were immensely proud to be a Queen’s Award winner. We are an independently owned and managed company, founded in 1997, specialising in providing beset value travel arrangements to China only. Therefore we can offer you a highly personalised service with my colleagues in London and Beijing working hard to ensure you have an unforgettable, high quality and value-for-money holiday. It is because of our dedication to providing this that we have managed to prosper in one of the most competitive industries in the world. For thousands of years China has been the mysterious Middle Kingdom, the fabled land Welcome to my homeland and between heaven and earth, steeped in legends, the land of my ancestors. I almost enthralling travellers and explorers who undertook the most gruelling journeys to discover for envy those of you who have not themselves this exotic civilisation. Nowadays, yet been to China as the surprises travelling is easier but the allure of China remains and pleasures of my country are the same. We at China Holidays have the in-depth understanding, knowledge and passion needed still yours to discover, whilst for to create some of the best journeys by bringing those of you who have already been, together authentic cultural experiences and there are still so many more riches imaginative itineraries, combined with superb service and financial security. to savour – the rural charms of the minority villages in the west, sacred On the following pages you will find details of our new and exciting range of China Holidays, ranging mountains inhabited by dragons and from classic itineraries to in-depth regional journeys gods, nomadic life on the grasslands and themed holidays, which mix the ever-popular of Tibet and Inner Mongolia, along sights with the unusual.
    [Show full text]
  • The Art and Architecture of Mongolia Christopher P
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of East Asian Languages and School of Arts and Sciences Civilizations 2005 The Art and Architecture of Mongolia Christopher P. Atwood University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc Part of the East Asian Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation (OVERRIDE) Atwood, C. P. (2005). The Art and Architecture of Mongolia. In Adle, C., Palat, M. K., & Tabyshalieva, A. (Eds.), History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. 6 (pp. 711-734). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. At the time of publication, author Christopher P. Atwood was affiliated with Indiana University. Currently, he is a faculty member in the East Asian Languages and Civilizations Department at the University of Pennsylvania. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/39 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Art and Architecture of Mongolia Disciplines Arts and Humanities | East Asian Languages and Societies Comments At the time of publication, author Christopher P. Atwood was affiliated with Indiana University. Currently, he is a faculty member in the East Asian Languages and Civilizations Department at the University of Pennsylvania. This book chapter is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/ealc/39 ISBN 92-3-103985-7 Introduction indoor space of Uighur houses in arid areas inevitably results in the desire of the inhabitants for bright colours in the interior decoration for a visually pleasant sensation.47 Part Three THE ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF MONGOLIA (C. Atwood) Introduction Despite the Mongols’ traditionally nomadic, pastoralist lifestyle, they have nourished a sur- prisingly rich tradition of fine arts and architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • F2N-Rank: Domain Keywords Extraction Algorithm
    Automatization Zhang, Hebei North University, China . Bionic 17. Yan Aijun, Chai Tianyou, Wu Fenghua, Wang intelligent optimization algorithm based on Pu, Hybrid intelligent control of combustion MMAS and fishswarm algorithm, TELKOM- process for ore-roasting furnace. J Control NIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engi- Theory Appl 2008, 6(1) 80–85. neering. 2013, Vol 11 No 9, pp.5517-5522. 18. Liu Fuchun, Yao Yu, He Fenghua, Chen Song- 16. Liwei Tian, Shenyang University, China; Lin lin, Stability analysis of networked control Tian, Liaoning Information integration tech- systems with time-varying sampling periods.. nology engineering research center of internet J Control Theory Appl 2008, 6(1):22–25 of things, China. F2N-Rank: Domain Keywords Extraction Algorithm Zhijuan Wang*, Yinghui Feng The College of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, No.27 South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China Minority Languages Branch, National Language Resource Monitoring & Research Center, Beijing, No.27 South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China Abstract Domain keywords extraction is very important for information extraction, information retrieval, classification, clustering, topic detection and tracking, and so on. TextRank is a common graph-based algorithm for keywords extraction. For TextRank, only edge weights are taken into account. We proposed a new text ranking formula that takes into account both edge and node weights of words, named F2N-Rank. Experiments show that F2N-Rank clearly outperformed both TextRank and ATF*DF. F2N-Rank has the highest average precision (78.6%), about 16% over TextRank and 29% over ATF*DF in keywords extraction of Tibetan religion. Keywords: F2N-RANK, TEXTRANK, ATF*DF 1.
    [Show full text]