internet resources

Valerie Lang Waldin Introduction to Resources for online research and study

nimal law is the body of statutory and case and legislation that is detrimental to animals. Access: Alaw governing the treatment of nonhuman https://aldf.org/article/animal-law-101/. animals, including , companion animals, and animals used for research, entertainment, and Animal law repositories food. Emerging rapidly on academic and legal • Animal Law Commons. With more horizons since 2000, entire programs of study at than 900 full-text scholarly articles, book chap- all levels are now dedicated to training students ters, dissertations, working papers, confer- to be effective humane educators, attorneys, law ence proceedings, and other original schol- enforcement officers, and citizens. arly works on worldwide animal law issues, the High-profile court cases, such as SeaWorld Animal Law Commons is made available via v. California Coastal Commission, along with the Digital Commons Network. Access: http:// the proliferation of animal protection docu- network.bepress.com/law/animal-law/?utm mentaries, such as Blackfish, Earthlings, and _campaign=PDFCoverPages&utm_medium Tyke: Outlaw, have raised profound =PDF&utm_source=engagedscholarship.csuohio. questions about our treatment of other spe- edu%2Fresearchguides%2F16. cies. Animal protection is now a mainstream • Animal Law Resource Center. A program phenomenon, largely due to the Internet and of the National Anti-Vivisection Society, this site pro- social media providing instant visibility to and vides access to legislation and cases pertaining to the awareness of the critical issues of our time. rights and welfare of animals. Links are provided to To effect progress, we must navigate the legal both pending legislation and existing laws, as well system. This compilation of key animal law reposi- as model animal laws, bibliographies, and case law tories, sources of federal and state statutes, case digests. Access: http://www.animallaw.com/. law, open access animal law journals, programs • Michigan State University Animal Legal of study, and LibGuides serves as a basic set of and Historical Center. First opened in 2002, the tools for locating and understanding the exciting center includes a compilation of 1,200 full-text and enduring discipline of animal law. U.S., historical, and U.K. cases; more than 1,400 U.S. statutes; more than 60 topics; legal articles General on a variety of animal issues; and an international • Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF). collection. Provided are current case law and leg- Founded in 1979 by attorneys dedicated to stronger islative initiatives, topical introductions, animal law enforcement of animal protection laws, ALDF’s mission is to advance the protection of animals via the legal system. Recognized for its high profile Valerie Lang Waldin is associate professor/reference librarian, email: [email protected], at Hudson Valley lawsuits nationally and statewide, ALDF is consis- Community College’s Dwight Marvin Library tently instrumental in advancing stronger animal cruelty laws, serving as a resource for law students © 2020 Valerie Lang Waldin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License (https:// and animal law attorneys, and challenging case law creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

C&RL News January 2020 40 conferences and events, new books in animal law, State animal cruelty statutes and frequently asked questions. Access: https:// • American Society for the Prevention www.animallaw.info/. of (ASPCA). ASPCA was the first animal protection organization in the Federal statutes United States, originating in 1867. Among the • Congressional Research Service Brief many offerings of this site is a listing of farmed Summaries of Federal Animal Protection animal confinement bans by state. Access: https:// Statutes. Listed alphabetically by statute, www.aspca.org/animal-protection/public-policy this report contains brief summaries of fed- /farm-animal-confinement-bans. eral animal protection statutes, along with • Animal Law Resource Center. A pro- statutes enacted to implement certain treaties. gram of the National Anti-Vivisection Society, the In addition to animal protection legislation, Animal Law Resource Center contains model state these summaries also consist of statutes that laws, bibliographies, legislation, and legal matters involve animals but that are not necessar- pertaining to animals and the law, animal cruelty, ily animal protection statutes (last updated animal control, laboratory , and in 2010) Access: http://nationalaglawcenter. . Searchable by individual org/wp-content/uploads/assets/crs/94-731.pdf. state. Access: http://www.animallaw.com/. • Hudson Valley Community College • Animal Welfare Institute Farmed Ani- Animal Law, Advocacy and Policy: Federal mal Anti-Confinement Legislation. This site Laws. This resource provides a comprehensive lists state legislation prohibiting intensive confine- listing of, and links to, key U.S. federal animal ment crates for calves raised for veal and gestat- laws, codification, and description and dates ing sows, and battery cages for egg-laying hens. amended, including the following statutes: Access: https://awionline.org/content/farm-animal Animal Crush Videos; Animal Fighting Venture -anti-confinement-legislation. Prohibition; Animal Health and Disease Re- • Michigan State University Animal Legal search; Animal Welfare Act; Endangered Species and Historical Center. The Animal Legal and Act; Fishery Conservation and Management Act; Historical Center contains an interactive map with Horse Protection Act; Humane Slaughter Act; links to the animal anti-cruelty laws for all 50 states. Lacey Act; Marine Mammal Protection Act; Ma- Comparative tables include dangerous dog laws, rine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act pet purchaser protection acts, laws concerning dog of 1972; Migratory Bird Treaty Act; Twenty-Eight tethering, pet breeding, strict liability legislation on Hour Law; and the Wild Free-Roaming Horses dog bites, and leash laws. Additional state animal and Burros Act. Access: https://libguides.hvcc. law provisions include reporting animal cruelty edu/animalstudies/fedlaws. and enforcement powers, animals in parked cars, • United States Department of Agriculture animal sexual assault laws, and veterinary reporting National Agricultural Library, Animal Welfare and immunity laws. Access: https://www.animal- Information Center. The Laws and Guidelines law.info/content/state-animal-anti-cruelty-laws and section of this site provides information on federal https://www.animallaw.info/site/comparative-tables. laws and regulations that govern animals used in • National Agriculture Law Center/Uni- research, testing, teaching, and exhibition. Specific versity of Arkansas. The National Agricultural laws are the Animal Welfare Act, the Horse Protec- Law Center serves the U.S. agricultural community tion Act, the Humane Slaughter Act, and the Twen- and is an affiliate of the USDA National Agricul- ty-Eight Hour Law, along with legislative histories, tural Library. The site features an interactive map amendments, Government Accountability Reports, linking to the states’ animal cruelty statutory texts, and testimonies, as well as compliance assistance. as well as dates of possible expiration. Access: This site also features animal welfare guidelines, https://nationalaglawcenter.org/state-compilations/ policies, and codes of practices from around animal-cruelty/. the world. Access: https://www.nal.usda.gov • New York State Humane Association /awic/federal. (NYSHA). NYSHA’s ongoing activities and training

January 2020 41 C&RL News programs focus on animal cruelty law, legis- • Animal Legal and Historical Center. lation, and humane education. The NYSHA The center documents animal law cases na- website includes a renowned, freely available tionwide from 2010 to the present, including manual “Investigating Animal Cruelty in NYS,” case citations, plaintiffs/defendants, case complete with the full text of New York’s summaries, and judicial opinions in full text. animal cruelty statutes and legal resources for Organized by year with advanced search law enforcement, veterinarians, and humane options. Access: https://www.animallaw.info agencies in animal cruelty cases. The animal /site/prior-animal-law-cases-month. cruelty investigative principles found on this • Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF). website are applicable across states. Access: ALDF archives animal law case summaries https://www.nyshumane.org/. throughout the country. Search filters include fo- cus area, date, and case status. Cases are distin- State animal law rankings guishable in nature by the following categories: • Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF). advocacy, collaborative efforts, criminal justice, ALDF annually compares the overall strength legal education, legislative initiatives, litigation, and comprehensiveness of laws with regard and regulation. Access: https://aldf.org/cases/. to the definition of an animal, veterinary reporting of animal cruelty, breed-specific Open access animal law journals legislation, sexual assault of animals, court- • Animal Law Review. Dating back to room animal advocate programs, civil 1994, the Animal Law Review is the nation’s nuisance abatement, laws against dogs in oldest law journal devoted entirely to the hot vehicles, court-ordered psychological discussion of legal issues relating to animals, evaluations, and post-conviction possession with national recognition and several hundred bans. Access: https://aldf.org/project/2018 subscribers. Full text of past volumes available -us-state-rankings/. from 1994 to 2015, with synopses of current vol- • Humane Society of the United umes Access: https://law.lclark.edu/law_reviews States. Evaluated annually, state law rank- /animal_law_review/. ings are based on strength of legislation • The Animals’ Advocate. This is the in the following areas: animal fighting, quarterly newsletter of the Animal Legal Defense animal cruelty, wildlife protection, dan- Fund, which includes federal and state action gerous wild animals as pets, companion alerts, contemporary issues, and nationwide animals, animals in research, farmed animal litigation. Full-text access is available from 2000 protection, fur and trapping, puppy mills, to the present. Access: https://aldf.org/article and equine protection. Access: https://blog. /animals-advocate/. humanesociety.org/wp-content/uploads • Global Journal of Animal Law. The /2018/12/Total-Scores-2018-FINAL-1.pdf, Global Journal of Animal Law is an open- https://blog.humanesociety.org/wp-content access legal journal addressing the legal /uploads/2018/12/State-Rank-2018-AL-MO-1. status of animals. Submissions are accepted pdf, and https://blog.humanesociety.org on a rolling basis. Full-text access from 2013 /wp-content/uploads/2018/12/State-Rank to the present. Access: https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs -2018-MT-WY-1.pdf. /index.php/gjal/about. • Journal for Critical Animal Stud- Case law ies. The Journal for Critical Animal Studies, • Animal Law Resource Center. The a project of the Institute for Critical Animal Animal Law Resource Center features case Studies, originated in 2003. A free open access, briefs arranged alphabetically by state and peer-reviewed electronic journal, it encourages searchable by category, case name, or key- submissions omitted from mainstream journals, word. Access: http://www.animallaw.com including the use of photographic, video, and /Case-Law.cfm. new media work, and allows contributions from

C&RL News January 2020 42 activists. Full-text access is available from 2013 cacy and Policy Research Guide. This exten- to the present. Access: http://journalforcritical- sive guide provides legal, advocacy, and policy animalstudies.org/issues/. information surrounding animal abuse and inter- • Journal of Animal and Natural Re- personal violence, animal control, animal fighting source Law. A peer-reviewed publication of and breed specific legislation, animal intelligence, the Michigan State University College of Law, this animals in entertainment, animals used for cloth- journal explores the legal and public policy issues ing, research and food (factory farming), cats, surrounding animals at local, state, national, and companion animals, dangerous dogs, documen- international levels. Full text access is available taries, a comprehensive listing and description from 2005 to the present. Access: http://www. of federal animal laws, GATT and NAFTA, glo- msujanrl.org/. balization, horse breeding, racing and slaughter, humane education, investigating animal cruelty, Programs of study lobbying and legislation, New York State Bar • Animal Law Courses offered in United Association Committee on Animals and the Law, States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. the Nonhuman Rights Project, negligence, puppy In 2000, there were 12 student chapters and mills, state law rankings, wildlife, wills and trusts, nine law schools offering courses in animal works by philosophers and Tom Re- law. In 2019, more than 165 law schools in gan, and the and Welfare Historical the United States and Canada offer or have Collection. Access: https://libguides.hvcc.edu offered a course in animal law, with 11 in /animalstudies/. Australia and New Zealand. The Animal Legal • Pace Law School Library Animal Defense Fund provides a compilation of these Rights Law Research Guide. Provides an offerings. Access: https://aldf.org/article/animal up-to-date “Animal Law Blawg” about current -law-courses/. issues on animal protection of all species, a • Animals and Society Institute (ASI). specific focus on factory farming as well as legal Founded in 1983, ASI cosponsors fellowship pro- standing, international and foreign animal law, grams for Human-Animal Studies scholars and as- statutes and case law, journals, databases, books, sists universities outside of the United States with and select Internet sources on animal rights in the creation of animal welfare programs. A listing the legal system. Access: http://libraryguides.law. of more than 350 course and degree programs in pace.edu/animals. law schools and college courses taught around • UCLA School of Law Hugh and Hazel the world is available by region and state, by Darling Animal Law Research Guide. The country or region, including Europe, Asia, Can- Animal Law Program at the UCLA School of ada, Latin America, and Oceania. Access: https:// Law is supported by a substantial endowment www.animalsandsociety.org/human-animal from the late television personality , -studies/courses/. ensuring that animal law courses will be offered at UCLA each year. UCLA’s Animal Law Research Animal Law LibGuides Guide includes introductory materials and sug- • Harvard Law School Animal Law gested readings on the property status of animals, Research Guide. Intended as a starting point the animal rights versus welfare debate, standing for animal law research and not an all-inclusive and access to the courts, factory farmed animals, resource, this guide includes treatises and intro- animal cruelty and the First Amendment, animals ductory texts, organizations, research guides, and philosophy, animals in domestic disputes, treaties and international agreements, federal animals and women’s studies, and the study and statutes, state legislation, case law, blogs, news, practice of animal law. Also available are cases, and journals. Access: https://guides.library.har- statutes, regulations, journals and news, books, vard.edu/animallaw. blogs, student and attorney groups, and online • Hudson Valley Community College research. Access: http://libguides.law.ucla.edu/c. Dwight Marvin Library Animal Law, Advo- php?g=183369&p=1208726.

January 2020 43 C&RL News