Foramen Magnum Diastema Homo Erectus Oldowan Valgus Angle

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The name for the The gap in the hole in the base of The first human to between the upper The earliest known the skull, through use fire and spread canine and premolar stone tools which the spinal cord out from Africa found in great apes passes

Foramen Diastema Homo erectus Oldowan magnum

The angle between The tool consisting of the shaft of femur a core with a The first Hominin to and the vertical The bipedal apes and flattened stone with use tools, also known when femur is in their ancestors two faces made by as Handyman normal standing Homo erectus orientation

Valgus angle Hominin Acheulian Homo habilis

The type of evolution The group of hominin The word to describe The brain centre where things are that were initially called the great apes, archaic Homo sapiens responsible for taught/ learned and humans and their and was the first with interpreting speech not passed on in the ancestors firm evidence for DNA systematic hunting

Cultural Homo Hominoidea Wernicke’s area evolution heidelbergensis

The name for the fine stone tools The group of The part of the brain The type of evolution which include flakes, Hominin that first that articulates with that is passed on scrapers and spears buried the dead and the first vertebra through our DNA with attached cared for the old handles

Occipital Biological Homo Mousterian neanderthalensis condyle evolution  No Brain Too Small  BIOLOGY  AS 91606

The area of the brain The shape of the that is most enlarged The first animal to be The crest along the pelvis in bipedal in apes, most of all in domesticated top of the skull organisms humans

Cerebrum Dog Bowl shaped Sagittal

The name for the The scientific name culture that included The name for the for “Lucy” the first to the Oldowan and The later phase of Neanderthal tool probable walk Acheulian together. the Old Stone Age culture upright Also called ‘Old Stone Age’

Australopithecus Lower Upper Mousterian afarensis Palaeolithic Palaeolithic

The theory that The view that modern humans modern humans A tool made of more The first species to evolved in Africa and evolved than one kind of make and use then migrated to independently in material needles Europe and Asia, Africa, Europe and displacing other Asia earlier species

Composite Multiregional Homo sapiens ‘Out of Africa’

Heavy bone over the eye which reduces Gap through which Another name for the stresses in the This means ‘having a large jaw muscles the Out of Africa skull and lower jaw snout/muzzle’ pass hypothesis involved with chewing

Replacement Brow Ridge Prognathism Zygomatic arch hypothesis or Eve hypothesis  No Brain Too Small  BIOLOGY  AS 91606

Why can Y What do ice ages do chromosomes be How can mtDNA and to the seas water What is mtDN? used to show Y chromosome DNA levels? patterns of be altered? evolution?

Lowers water level Mitochondrial DNA, Because it is passed on only to sons and isn’t Through creating land bridges which is only passed affected by mutations between islands on to daughters recombination

How did What does cooking What where the How did tools help Australopithecus food do to it? advantages of fire? Hominin survive? obtain food?

Cooks food, hardens Allowed more diverse Scavenging what Softens it, kill tools, lengthens day, animals to be killed and kept warm, keeps they found microbes processed predators away

How did the position What is the name for of the foramen the differences Over time how did Over time how did magnum change observed between the brain size of the the prognathic when Hominin male and female Hominin change? muzzle change? became bipedal? skeletons?

Moved from the Sexual Brain size lower back of skull It reduced towards the centre dimorphism increased

Why is the Out of What is the Over time how did How did the feet Africa hypothesis difference in the the brow ridge change when we also called shape of the spine in change? became bipedal? replacement modern apes and hypothesis? human?

Forward facing When they moved out of It became Africa, they out competed c-shaped apes big toe, arched, any Hominin they came into reduced contact with, making them s-shaped humans big toe attached extinct  No Brain Too Small  BIOLOGY  AS 91606

What do Lower What do Lower What are the How has cultural Palaeolithic – Palaeolithic – advantages of being evolution changed Oldowan tools look Acheulian tools look bipedal? over time? like? like?

Taller so can see predators Tools better, use of shelter, Pebbles with / food, hands free to carry abstract thought, Tear drop flakes knocked off food/ young / tools, more imagination, domestication shaped pebbles efficient cooling of animals / plants one edge

What does the evidence of Cave What are the Middle What are the Upper How did the tools drawings, burial of Palaeolithic tools? Palaeolithic tools? change over time? dead, planned hunting groups indicate?

Mousterian and Needles, fish They became The ability for scrapers axe hocks made from more refined and abstract thought heads bone and wood more worked

All primates can grip What shape/ dental What shape/ dental objects with a Living in trees is arcade is the jaw in arcade is the jaw in ______grip. Only called…. apes? humans? humans also have a ______grip.

Power grip Arboreal “U” or rectangle Parabola Precision grip

Using the Using the What is the name of What are the Replacement Multiregional the process where advantages of a Hypothesis when do Hypothesis when did one change shorter pelvis? they think our our ancestors leave reinforces another? ancestors left Africa? Africa?

It is stronger & able Positive About 200,000 About 1 million to tilt and rotate during walking feedback years ago years ago  No Brain Too Small  BIOLOGY  AS 91606