1965

Computer Flight Planning

, ... '

~-' ---~. \ ~ r:J ..~ , -H , - 4 COMPLAINTS ABOUT COMPUTER TAPE (And how Memore" solves them!)

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Complaint. Semi-permanent ridging and loss of Complaint. Dropout·causing clumps of redepos­ contact caused by microscopic scratches produced ited coating (50X magnification). in manufacturing or use. Solution.Memorex has developed coating formula­ Solution. Memorex·designed manufacturing facili­ tions and processing methods to achieve superior ties include equipment unique to the industry which bond between coating and base, extra toughness, eliminates all fixed friction surfaces that potentially high flexibility, and a smoother surface. Result: produce scratches. Memorex tape is essentially redeposition-free.

Memorex tape is premium tape. No need to pre-check it. You Are you on our mailing list to receive the Memorex Monograph Series of informative can place Memorex computer tape directly in service­ technical literature? Write 1176 Shulman Road, reel after reel. Santa Clara, California Memorex certification means what it says: Memorex com­ puter tape.!§. error-free. Extra care, extra steps and scrupu­ lous attention to every detail make it that way. We know the MEMOREX importance to you of having a tape you can depend on. PRECISION MAGNETIC TAPE Circle No. 6 on Readers Service Card ,. . .. I liked my job,

I felt Deciding to leave At first my wife said more and more wasn't easy. "Boston !/I I was just repeating myself. As I said, as if it were Hong Kong. Not really learning much. they were a fine group. After, Not being pushed, But I needed she saw some of the material you know? something different. about the schools and towns here. Now I couldn't There was plenty to do. More responsibility. Less red-tape. I was busy. get her to leave It's just - I don't know­ And a company that if I wanted to - it's like that old line seemed to be growing and I don't. about a specialist in a planned direction, It's really amazing­ being someone not just jumping around, Honeywell's who knows more and more putting out fires ... figured out about less and less. . .. So I thought about it, how to keep all the advantages That was me. did some reading - of working in a small That was our whole group .•• not just the help wanted ads, company Everything was an emergency, but business articles, and still be a big . no one seemed to know financial news, operation. what was important- things like that- they were too busy with and decided to contact I don't know how they "emergencies." Honeywell. do it."

Interested Programmers and Engineers should forward their resume, in confidence, to Mr. D. C. Turner. Honeywell 151 NEEDHAM ST., DEPT. PERS NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MASSACHUSETTS 02161 ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

Opportunities exist at other Honeywell Divisions. Send resume to F. E. Laing, Honeywell, Minneapolis 8, Minnesota. An equal opportunity employer.

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COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 3 AN OFF-BIT HISTORY OF MAGNETIC TAPE ... #4 of a series by Computape

The Trojans were ahead, by virtue of the points Paris had "The one we've been practicing all week," Odysseus scored with Helen on a completed pass early in the snapped. "X-971" game. But now the Athenians, sparked by their all-star "That old Wooden Horse chestnut? They'll never fall backfield of Ajax, Achilles, Diomedes and Odysseus, had for it ... " come storming back. The Trojans had their backs to the But you know the rest. The Trojans fell for old X-97 wall, and to make it worse Hector, Troilus and the rest of anyway. Which explains why, ever since, they've never the defensive platoon were hobbled with injuries. trusted a gift bearing Greeks. On third and goal, Odysseus sent Ajax and Achilles Ah. But even the most skeptical Trojan would trust into the right side of the line behind the mobile com­ Computape. And why not? Here is a heavy-duty mag­ puter* and it looked to be allover. But Zeus (who netic tape so carefully made that it delivers 556, or 800, doubled as referee and chief mischief-maker) blew the or (if you want) 1,000 bits per inch - with no dropout. whistle on the play. "The horses were off-side," he said, Now - if Computape can write that kind of computer and the score was called back. tape history - shouldn't you be using it? The clock showed time for one more play. Achilles limped back into the huddle, nursing a * The Greeks not only had computer tape - they had a word for bruised heel. "What now?" he grumbled. it: kom-putron - meaning, "works like a Trojan".

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COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 The front cover indicates the application of computers in up-to-the-minute flight planning for commercial airlines. For more information see page 39. . ~,'~;;.~,',~,',,'•.• ,"',,'.',~,:,', ,"', •.,.' .• ~~:,~o,, ,,',I',' 1,- ".:,;/; . I .

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JANUARY, 1965 Vol. XIV, No.1 computers and data processors: editor and publisher the design, applications, EDMUND C. BERKELEY and implications of information processing systems. assistant eaitors MOSES M. BERLIN LINDA LADD LOVETT NEIL D. MACDONALD

contributing editors 111 This Issue ANDREW D. BOOTH RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT IN THE COMPUTER FIELD NED CHAPIN JOHN W. CARR, III 10 Invitation To Our Readers, from the Editor ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER 10 The Computer's Impact on the Future, by David Sarnoff PETER KUGEL 11 Some Unorthodox Predictions, by Dr. Franz L. Alt 12 Prospects and Probabilities, by Dr. Andrew D. Booth advisory committee 12 Boon or Bane to Capitalistic Society? by Dr. Alston S. T. E. CHEATHAM, JR. Householder GEORGE E. FORSYTHE RICHARD W. HAMMING 13 Retrospect -1941: "A Tremendous Field," by Edmund C. ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER Berkeley HERBERT F. MITCHELL, JR. 15 THE FUTURE OF PROGRAMMING AND PROGRAMMERS VICTOR PASCHKIS by Dr. John W. Carr, III 18 AUTOMATED METHODS IN PERT PROCESSING associate publisher by Norman B. Solomon PATRICK J. MCGOVERN 25 1964 ANNUAL INDEX production manager ANN B. BAKER art director RAY W. HASS 111 Every Issue fulfilment manager WILLIAM J. MCMILLAN, 815 Washington St. across the editor's desk Newtonville, Mass. 02160, 617-DEcatur 2-5453 39 COMPUTING AND DATA PROCESSING NEWSLETTER

advertising representatives editorial New York 18, BERNARD LANE 6 A National Computer Facility 37 West 39 St., 212-BRyant 9-7281 Chicago 11, COLE, MASON AND DEMING 737 N. Michigan Ave., 312-SU 7-6558 reference itzformatiotz 24 Calendar of Coming Events Los Angeles 5, WENTWORTH F. GREEN Monthly Computer Census 300 S. Kenmore Ave., 213-DUnkirk 7-8135 52 57 New Patents, by Raymond R. Skolnick San Francisco 5, A. S. BABCOCK Books and Other Publications, by Moses M. Berlin 605 Market St., 415-YUkon 2-3954 58 Elsewhere, THE PUBLISHER index of notices 815 Washington St., 617-DEcatur 2-5453 THREE STARS *** ON YOUR Newtonville, Mass. 02160 56 Advertising Index ADDRESS IMPRINT MEANS: "YOUR SUBSCRIPTION HAS EXPIRED" - PLEASE RENEW AT ONCE TO KEEP C&A COMING

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COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION. FOR JANUARY, 1965 c&a EDITORIAL

A National Computer Facility

Among the ideas unofficially discussed at the Second Con­ future requirements through programs planned and carried gress of the Information System Sciences at Hot Springs, out by a national computer facility. Va., in November, was the idea of a national computer Some of the projects which a national computer facility facility for the United States. could pursue, and which are probably out of reach by The proposal in one of its forms is that there should be existing organizations, would be these: a national facility centrally located where the best and most -the provision of a rapid core memory of 50 to 100 modern in both hardware and software would be gathered million words; together, along with an adequate and competent staff, and -the exploration and testing of important concepts in managed by an association of universities. It would be a large-scale heuristic programming; laboratory in the computer field like the Brookhaven Na­ -compilers that will improve themselves; tional Laboratory in the nuclear energy field. Professors, -large-scale research in artificial intelligence; researchers, students, and other qualified persons could go -a beginning on war safety control, as put forward by there for temporary periods to carry out research beyond Howard Kurtz; the reach of even well-supported computer facilities at -the application of computers on. a large scale .to single universities. Access to the national computer facility increase the prosperity of the Umted States and Its would also be provided to qualified computer scientists, geographic regions, and bring closer to reality Presi­ through remote consoles and rapid communication links dent Lyndon B. johnson's "great society." anywhere in the country. U. S. government support w~~ld The computer .and data-processing industry has reached need to be on the order of $10 million a year. The faCIlIty an annual volume of $5 billion a year, and will in a few would not teach undergraduate students though it would more years become $10 billion a year. T~e contributio~ of reasonably investigate the best ways of teaching the~, so the industry to the prosperity and securIty of the Umted as to help forestall the anticipated huge shortage of tramed States is enormous. The cost of the national computer computer people in years to come. facility would be only about one fiftieth of the recent De­ A number of great advantages could accrue from a na­ fense Department saving eliminating approximately 95 tional computer facility. military bases in the United States. We know much less than we would like to know about Computing has enough importance and potential so that the structuring of information so as to make retrieval ~ys­ it deserves to be supported on its own, entirely apart from terns feasible-yet expensive retrieval centers are beI.ng the support that it receives (which is c.onside~able) . as an proposed which are very likely to fail, without the prIor aid to physics, chemistry, and other speCIfic subject-orIented basic research that a national facility could support. fields. In addition, at the present time, hardware and software It would be desirable to start planning promptly for a research are concentrated in commercial and industrial national computer facility. It would seem that one of the laboratories; for them computation is an auxiliary activity logical groups to initiate the planning study would b~ a and one which is subject to overriding requirements of committee of the American Federation of InformatIon other kinds. This is undesirable. At least some (though of Processing Societies. course not all) hardware and software research should be under the direction of a national computer facility. Besides, although important funds for research become available from defense-oriented contracts in which com­ puters are vital, yet computers have wider applicability in ~c,~ our national scene. Instead of seeking to meet nearly all our future requirements through programs inspired by the EDITOR military, we would be better off to try to meet some of our

6 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 Think both

Let's say your business is bogged down with paper­ That's where Bell System DATA-PHONE* service be­ work and clerical details - and it's costing you time longs in your thinking. It converts business-machine and money_ data into a tone language that can be telephoned. Naturally, you think of data processing-of those Swiftly. Accurately. Economically. amazing machines that reduce mountains of informa­ So when you think data processing, think DATA-PHONE tion to neat stacks of punched cards or reels of tape_ service, too. Think both.' Then talk with our Com­ Good thinking. But hold everything. munications Consultant. He's thoroughly trained and experienced in the data communications field. Just call Data processing is just half of an effective informa­ our Business Office and ask for his services. tion-handling system. The other half is data transmission *Service mark of the Bell System -moving the information crosstown or cross-country, while it's still timely and useful. @ ~~r!c~n ~!p~~~~ Telegraph Co. and Associated Companies

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AND PROSPECT

IN THE COMPUTER FIELD

INVITATION TO OUR READERS Its vocabulary will ,extend to thousands of basic words From the Editor in the language of its country of residence, and machines Computers and Automation will automatically translate the speech of one country into the spoken words of another. Our January issue is the New Year issue marking 20 years The computer itself will become the hub of a vast net­ since the first automatic digital computer (the Harvard work of remote data stations and information banks feed­ IBM Mark I Automatic Sequence~Controlled Calculator) ing into the machine at transmission rates of a billion or started operating. more bits of information a second. The special feature in our January issue is "Retrospect Laser channels will vastly increase both data capacity and and Prospect in the Computer Field." the speeds with which h is transmitted. We think you might have something interesting and Eventually, a global communications network handling important to say on this subject. Here are some remarks voice, data and facsimile will instantly link man to machine from people in the computer field (or close to it). You may -or machine to machine-by land, air, underwater and want to comment on these remarks-you may want to ex­ space circuits .... press your ideas independently. It will be possible eventually for any individual sitting As we stand here 20 years after the beginning of our new in his office, laboratory or home to query a computer on era, what should we remark? What should we notice? any available subject and within seconds to receive an What should we focus on? answer-by voice response, in hard copy, or photographic Your comments will be most welcome-for us to put in reproduction, or on a large display screen. the continuation of a roundup of views in the April issue. We will see the emergence of national and global in­ For length: something like 500 to 1000 words; for deadline: formation processing utilities, serving tens of thousands of Tuesday, March 2. subscribers on a time-sharing basis. These utilities will May we hear from you? accommodate the specialized needs of researchers and engineers, lawyers, medical men, sociologists, or the general needs of the public. . .. THE COMPUTER'S IMPACT ON THE FUTURE A scientist will be able to discuss a problem by two-way David Sarnoff television with a colleague anywhere on the globe, and Chairman of the Board both 'of them will be able to query a computer at another Radio Corp. of America terminal point for assistance in finding the solution.... Camden, N. J. Private corporations, many of which will be international (Excerpts from "The Promise and Challenge of the Computer," in ownership and operation, will have instant access to talk given at Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco, Calif., October, 1964.) production and market information from data stations As the shape of tomorrow's technology takes form, the positioned around the globe.... volume and accessibility of data stored in the computer This emerging patitern inevitably will set in motion will play a decisive role. All information as to what to forces of change within the social order, extending far do, how to do it, and what data to do it with, resides in beyond the present or presently predictable applications the memory of the machine. With larger and faster of the computer. It will affect man's ways of thinking, his memories there are few limits to the tasks that can be means of education, his relationships to his physical and solved or the speed with which they are completed.... social environment and it will alter his ways of living.... By these means we can hope to store all of the informa­ As computers become amenable to simple commands, tion that is presently contained in all the world's libraries. they will become as indispensable to education as the Tomorrow's standard computers and their peripheral reference library. Indeed they will become tomorrow's equipment will instantly recognize a handwritten note, reference library, used by every student from the upper a design or drawing which they will store and instantly elementary levels through university. retrieve in original form. Far· from eliminating the need for intense intellectual The computer of the future will respond to commands effort, they will permit young people to undertake mental from human voices in different languages and with dif­ explorations far beyond the boundaries of the present feren t vocal inflections. classroom world. . . .

10 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 The ultimate implication of the computer is that it between the actual population and a hypothetical maxi­ provides a means of releasing the productive powers of mum or saturation level. More precisely, the rate of growth the human brain to an almost limitless degree. Yet the of the population of size P is said to be proportional to the computer imposes as a precondition the sternest discipline product P (M-P), where M is the saturation level. This to which the mind has yet been subjected.... theory has been applied to a wide variety of cases, incl!Jding biological organisms, human populations, automobiles and many others. There are obvious reasons why it should not ~e valid for computers; but there also were obvious objec­ SO'ME; UNO,RTHO'DO'X PREDIC.TIONS tIOns to many of the applications which did, in fact, prove Dr. Franz L. Alt successful. Let us at least give it a try and consider the result as one alternative to be considered along with others. National Bureau of Standards Washington 25, D. C. Populations which have the propeflty stated before can Retrospect and prospect in the computer field? Every­ be described as follows. From the time the first few in­ one knows that hindsight is safe and that predicting is im­ dividuals are introduced, the size of the population grows possible. Yet we all are forced not only to make predictions exponentially; the relative or percentwise growth is the all the time, and on the flimsiest grounds, but to base im­ same each year. Gradually, however, this relative growth portant actions on them. It is moot to complain about the rate declines; until a point is reached at which the absolute unpredictability of the computer field (other fields are no year-to-year growth is stationary; the population now grows easier) and foolish to believe firmly in one's own predic­ only arithmetically. Soon even the absolute growth rate tions; the reasonable course is to weigh all alternatives. declines, the population grows more and more sluggishly, Thus, some alternatives are presented here, not in the be­ and gradually approaches a constant level, which is the lief that they are necessarily right, but because they are saturation level M previously mentioned. (In practice this likely to be overlooked. For some reason or other, they level need not remain constant forever; in the case of are not the kind that are apt to occur to us. ~conomic series, for instance, like automobiles or computers, 1. Are there any revolutionary new applications of It may change up or down with national income, prices, computers ahead? With the exception of organized crime new technical developments, new markets; but these (where the potentialities are truly staggering) practically changes are slow and small compared to the explosive every field of human activity has already been talked and growth of the early stages.) Such a population is charac­ written about as a candidate for automation. Crime fight­ terized by three numbers: the initial rate of relative growth, ing has been mentioned relatively little-like crime itself the saturation level, and the time at which saturation is it is not well served by publicity. In these activities com­ reached. Only the first of these three numbers is known puters enjoy one great advantage over humans-over both at an early time, and the prediction of the other two is their users and opponents: While it is becoming more and the crucial problem. More precisely, the time of reaching more apparent that computers do indeed think, they do not saturation is not well defined, since saturation is ap­ engage in wishful thinking. Never jumping to conclusions, pr~ach~d gradually; but the time of reaching the halfway never failing to follow up a line of reasoning no matter pomt m the development of the population is clearly how implausible, computers can come up with solutions marked. At this point, the size of the population is just overlooked by a human Sherlock Holmes. (They have half of the ultimate saturation level, the relative rate of shown this ability also in proving mathematical theorems growth is just half of its initial value. Can we predict this and playing games.) Yet, while a few instances of such point before we are actually there? In the very early stages mechanized crime hunting are known and others probably of development this is made difficult by the fact that ran­ exist without being publicized, we shrink from further dom influences, including inaccuracies in the compiling of progress: the threat to privacy and personal freedom, the statistics, tend to mask the regular features of growth. But specter of Big Brother in 1984 is too high a price to pay for after a while-normally well before the halfway point is improved police protection and internal or external se­ reached-refined statistical methods should lead to usable curity. extrapolations. (Technically speaking, one fits a growth 2. What revolutionary changes in computer design are curve to the given date on population size by the method ahead? Unorthodox answer: None. (Remember again that of least squares; some complication is caused by the fact this is not presented as a true or even likely forecast, but that these growth curves are strongly nonlinear functions as a possibility which we tend to forget.) Indeed, the speed of their parameters.) gain of recent computers over the earliest ones, a factor of The other day the writer happened upon a set of statistics less than 1,000 obtained in almost 20 years ,of intensive on computers bought or rented by the Federal Govern­ development at a cost of billions of dollars is unimpressive ment. * Chart 6 in this booklet shows the year-by-year c,ompared to the accomplishment of the first electronic growth from 2 computers in 1950 to 1,767 (estimated) on calculator. Our logical design is still based on von Neu­ June 30, 1964. It occurred to him to try to subject these mann's concept of a stored-program machine. We still use figures to the kind of analysis just outlined. The results core storage and the still older external storage on tapes, suggest that, if the indicated theory of population growth drums and discs. "Superspeed" computers introduced a applies in this case, we passed the haHway point some time few years ago (Stretch, Larc) were no commercial success in 1963 or 1964. If this were true, the number of com­ and gave way to more conventional designs. Certainly there puters in Government would not go beyond twice its pres­ are changes going on, but they look bigger to us then they ent value. As stated at the outset, there are enough reasons really are, merely because of their proximity, in comparison for doubting the hypothesis on which this finding rests, with those of the more distant past; just as we tend to and we hold no brief for it other than that it deserves to overestimate the "computer revolution" of today, com­ be considered as one argument among others. pared with the far more fundamental changes caused by Since the Government led the way in the early stages of the invention of fire, the wheel, and the printing press the introduction of computers, it is likely that the industrial long ago. market for computers is farther from maturity than the 3. How far will the number of computers increase? *1964 Inventory of Automatic Data Processing (ADP) Equip­ There is a theory which holds that the rate of growth of ment in the Federal Government. Prepared by the Bureau of a population depends both on the size of the existing pop­ Budget ... July, 1964. U. S. Government ,Printing Office, ulation and on the "growing potential," i.e., the difference Washington, 196·1.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 11 Government market. It has, however, probably arrived at microscopically distinct elements, which must be indi­ a stage where a careful analysis of carefully compiled vidually fabricated. market statistics would be a promising undertaking. The thin-film store has the advantages firstly that fhe actual medium, the film itself, can be continuous, and secondly that the elements of storage, if they need to be generated, can either be produced automatically by a sort PROSPEC.TS AND PRO'BABILITIES of photographic process, or alternatively can be generated Dr. Andrew D. Booth as the intersection of a set of 2n conductors for the pro­ Dean of Engineering duction of n 2 elements. University of Saskatchewan This type of logic for the acceptability of a store was well Saskatoon, Canada known to von Neumann and his group. It is, however, just During the past year we have seen the announcement of coming to the point of technical realizability having made a new, third generation system of computers, claimed to relatively little progress over the past decade. revolutionize thinking in the field. This is by no means It is possible that the direct reading of documents, and the first such claim which has been made and without doubt the direct interpretation of speech sounds may go some will not be the last. It is thus salutary to consider what way to providing adequate input but I have been maintain­ has been achieved in the light of history. ing for ~ome years that the only really satisfactory method ,In the mid 1940's the group working with John van Neu­ of using computers is to have them in direct communi;a­ mann at Princeton had laid down a logical structure of tion with each other so that, for example, we shall receIve computing machines based entirely on a reasoned deduction no· salary in the form of a check, but a communication will from desiderata in problem-solving. The structure of the go from our employer's computer to that in the bank. computer envisaged was such that a store of not less than Likewise the presentation of an embossed credit card for 4,096 words, each of about 12 decimal digits was needed; payment of goods will cause automatic deductions to be and that this store should have an access time of about made from our bank account via the computer of the I microsecond. An arithmetical unit should be provided supplier of our goods and services. By th~s method t?e in which the operations of addition and subtraction would world will rapidly become highly computenzed and, WIth take not much longer than the cycle time with the store. the use of computers for the control and operation of in­ The main computing structure thus projected was to be dustrial automation, it seems quite likely that in the next accompanied by a comprehensive set of input-output equip­ decade we shall have gone some way to a computer-con.. ment based both on magnetic drums for large volume trolled world. medium access storage, and on magnetic wires (tapes not ~What is perhaps less ·satisfactory is the thought that some­ then being in a sufficiently reliable state for consideration) thing like half of the human race will not only be unem­ for the backing store. ployed but will be unemployable. Some use must be found The actual achievements of the 15 years which followed for these people, or they must be bred out of the system by provide a singularly unsatisfactory view of advertising suitable eugenic procedures. Assuming that the latter ethics and of the self deception of so-called scientists. The thought is unacceptable to the majority of the race, it computing systems of the present time often barely realize follows either that the unemployed 50% must be perma­ the design objectives of the mid 1940's and certainly in no nently regarded as a liability on the state or, more desirably, sense of the word constitute anything which might be called that the present tendency to de-nigrate manual activities third generation except insofar that they are the third of all sorts must be removed by a suitable education pro­ generation of remarkably watered-down images of the con­ gramme. There is nothing in the least bit undignified in cepts of the early designers. domestic service and a return to some Victorian notions of The only real revolution which has been effected in the this sort would produce nothing but good for the human computer art has been the introduction of the transistor, race. and of the solid-state diode. These seem really to make possible the type of reliability which was considered to be essential by the early pioneers, a thing which the· hot thermionic tube certainly did not. BOON OR BANE TO CAPITALIS,TIC SOCIETY? The future of machines from the present time onward Dr. Alston S. Householder seems likely to depend largely on the adequate develop­ Oak Ridge National Laboratory ment of the sciences of microelectronics and of thin-film Oak Ridge, Tenn. data processing. Whether or not such things as cryoge~ic Those of us who can remember the days when there computers will be of use seems extremely speculatIve. were no electronic computers must all view the present There is no doubt'whatever, though, that integrated micro­ scene with a wonder and astonishment that can never be electronic circuits are here to stay and that these will make felt by the youngsters to whom the computer is as natural possible speeds of an order of magnitude considerably as the radio, the telephone, and the airplane. Who among greater than those at present in use. us could have had twenty years ago even a glimmering of In my own laboratory at Saskatchewan, for example, we a notion of the 'Volume and the diversity of the uses of have in current operation solid-state shifting registers computers today? With a base from which to extrapolate, whose speed is well in excess of 100 megacycles per second. perhaps one can make better predictions for the next two We have also under development logical elements to ac­ decades than had been made for the past two, but it seems company these shifting devices so that, :vhate~er else .~ay unlikely. For one thing, the acceleration in the rate of be said, in the quite near future machmes WIth addItIOn scientific and technological development makes prediction times Of well under a microsecond will be available, whose difficult. For another, the computer represented a qualita­ structural complexity is no greater than that of, for exam­ tive novelty that is still only poorly understood. It is ea.sy ple, our M.3 transistor machine. to get used to riding in an airplane, and anyway the aIr­ The key to the future is almost certainly going to be the plane has a speed advantage over the oxcart of only about storage medium which comes out at the head of the field. three orders of magnitude. But the computer-I Speaking at this instant of time, it seems probable that Any computer man will admit readily that the computer thin-film magnetic storage may fill this space. It has the has created a much more fundamental social and intel- advantage of satisfying one of the dicta of ·the pioneers, namely that no form of storage is acceptable if it involves (Please turn to page 54)

12 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 RETROSPECT - 1941: "A TREMENDOUS FIELD"

"A TREMENDOUS FIE:LD FOR THE ANALYSIS, STUDY, AND, TRANS­ FORMATION OF IDE~S AND RELATIONS OF ALL SORTS, BY MEANS OF A BLENDINC TOCETHE,R OF THE TE:CHNIQUES, OF SYMBOLIC LOCIC, ELECTRICAL RELAY CIRCUIT THEORY, MATHEMATICS, PUNCH CARD OP'ERATIONS. ETC."

Edmund C. Berkeley Editor) Computers and Automation

In looking back from 1965 to the beginnings of the field calculation involves, at the present time, reference to some of . computers and data processing, I came across some of eight tables, some of them being entered for two or more my notes in the year 1941, when I was working in the home values. Also there was some discussion of application of a office of the Prudential Insurance Company of America, in modified Boolean algebra in electrical circuit theory. Newark, N. J. In June, I had passed the last of 12 examinations to 1. P'oss.ible Operations become a Fellow of the Society of Actuaries, and I had Certain arithmetical operations have now been proved been transferred from the actuarial divisions to the Meth­ possible with electrical relay computing equipment, as ex­ ods Division, which was charged with working out im­ pressed in the Complex Computer. These operations in­ proved methods and procedures for use in the company, clude the following: addition, subtraction, multiplication, which even then had over 10,000 employees in the home division, storing of a value, taking a value near or high or office. One of the assignments I had proposed and had low. Other operations which are crucial to the success of been given was "Applications of Symbolic Logic" to prob­ an adaptation of electrical relay computing to insurance lems of the Prudential. company calculations, and which according to Dr. Stibitz In August, I went to see the recently finished "Complex and Dr. Shannon, are all possible under the principles of Computer," a machine made out of telephone company the electrical relay computer are: comparing two values and relays by Dr. George L. Stibitz of Bell Telephone Labora­ selecting one, storing a table of values, entering a table, tories, New York, which would multiply and divide com­ reading a value, plugging in a table, plugging in a formula plex numbers having eight decimal digits. or series of operations, plugging to compute a set of values On September 29, Dr. Stibitz and Dr. Claude E. Shannon, to be stored in "metal storage leaves," preparing storage then of Bell Telephone Laboratories, came to the Pruden­ leaves automatically from punch cards, preparing storage tial home office to discuss possible developments and appli­ leaves by hand punching, preparing tables in written form cations. On October 8, 1941, I reported to my enthusiastic from storage leaves, and preparing punch cards from and imaginative vice president, Mr. Harry Volk, in the storage leaves. following memorandum (some unessential omissions are In addition, it would be possible to considerably con­ marked by four dots and two explanatory insertions are dense existing tables for clerical use, because automatic marked with square brackets) : interpolation by the machine would be ·possible. The stor­ age leaf would contain (1) some of the information en­ Application of Symbolic Logic, .Report No. 6 abling the selecting of the leaf, (2) the tabular entry, and October 8, 1941 (3) the tabular difference. The machine would be plugged to perform the interpolation needed to secure a desired Electrical Relay Computing 'Machine for Insurance value, or to use it in a calculation. Two-way interpolation Company Calculations would also be possible. Consequently, if, for some table, On September 29, Dr. G. R. Stibitz, inventor of the Com­ age and duration changes were both approximately linear plex Computer calculating machine of the Bell Telephone in an interval of five years, each storage leaf would need to Laboratories (described in Report No.3 "Analysis of the contain only one out of every twenty-five annually spaced Operation of the Complex Computer"), and Dr. Claude E. values together. with two tabular differences. Indeed, it Shannon, author of "Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switch­ would be possible to dispense with the tabular differences ing Circuits" (referred to in Report No.3) and now of the and have the machine determine interpolated values by Bell Telephone Laboratories staff, spent several hours at using (1) neighboring given values, and (2) a formula the Prudential, in discussion with the undersigned, chiefly depending only on the relative position of the interpolated in regard to the possibilities of adaptation of electrical value. relay computing to the calculation of insurance company In fact, the existence of this machine, which would be tables and individual policy calculations. In order to make able to perform arithmetical calculations in long chains clear to Dr. Stibitz and to Dr. Shannon the nature of calcu­ with reliable accuracy, would open an entirely new field of lation problems occurring in the rates and values sections possibilities in the layout of insurance company calcula­ of an insurance company, a sample revival charge on a tions. In the same way, the modern computing machine Weekly Premium Industrial policy was explained. This [desk calculating machinel has put logarithms into relative

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 13 disuse for purposes of multiplication. of priceless information and devices in the field of electrical Of course, long distance control of the electrical brain communications, and so it should be possible to convince would be entirely possible; the equipment doing the opera­ them to push forward to some extent with development of tions could be stored in an inexpensive part of the Com­ electrical relay computing.... pany, and the computing rooms would be wired to the computing machine. To reduce idle time, provision could 3. Implications for the Future be made for storing electrically the given data for a calcu­ It is becoming clear that there is a tremendous field for lation at any time, and the machine would then attend to the analysis, study, and transformation of ideas and rela­ its demands in order, publishing its results as it worked. tions of all sorts, by means of a blending together of the In wiring up the machine for a given series of operations techniques of symbolic logic, electrical relay circuit theory, to be performed for a certain kind of calculation, it was mathematics, punch card operations, etc. After all, a great Dr. Stibitz' opinion that the complex wiring necessary for many mental operations are repetitive. They should be IBM [punch card machine] plug boards, would be avoided. able to be analyzed by symbolic logic and other techniques, Instead, it would be possible to connect up the machine to and codified into correct sequences using "If X, then" and perform a series of algebraic operations in a straight-for­ "If no-X, then" and other extremely basic ideas. Then the ward algebraic way. sequences should be able to be translated into chains of 2. Spaces, Times, Costs, and Development electrical relays which will make use of electrical energy to activate still other chains, and so on, until we reach a The essential element in the proposed expansion of elec­ final chain representing the answer. As soon as one chain trical relay computing is a unit which will store a value of relays is released from momentary use, it should be able of a table. On talking to Dr. Stibitz, it appears that the to be used again for another step in the progress of the Bell Telephone Laboratories have already begun develop­ solution. This happens in the Complex Computer; and ment of a unit occupying only a small amount of space also in the field of attention in the human brain. Thus it which will successfully store information. Furthermore, should be possible to plug into an electrical relay calculat­ this unit, which has been referred to as a storage leaf, will ing machine (1) the data for any problem in a certain probably be cheap, and made either of metal or plastic. It definite but vast range, (2) the problem in question, and will be able to be individually inserted and removed from a (3) the channels along which a solution is to be successively bank of such units with relative ease; it will be inexpensive sought; and then press a button for the solution! to produce and to throwaway. In this respect, the Bell As E. T. Bell says: Telephone Laboratories appear to be approaching the "The expert user of mathematics is a general com­ punch card facility. Furthermore, in Dr. Stibitz' opinion, manding perfectly trained armies he never sees. Un­ it may be possible to proceed along the line of Bell Tele­ foreseen combinations, inherent in the planned co­ phone Laboratory facilities, without infringing on Inter­ ordination, but not themselves deliberately planned, national Business Machines patents, and without delays in appear as if by fate in the engagement with the un­ order to get these two large concerns to agree with each known." other. There is, of course, an essential difference in design E. T. Bell, The Handmaiden of necessary in order that any storage leaf in a bank may be the Sciences~ page 3. selected and read by electricity, a process which is not di­ But there is nowadays Httle reason to restrict this idea rectly possible in a drawer of punch cards. to one social creation alone, mathematics; or to one social As to space, it· seems it will be possible to commence invention of four thousand years' vintage, written symbols research work figuring on the basis of 1000 entries, of 6 on paper (or papyrus). A person using the dial telephone decimal digit's each, all in the space of one-sixth of a and some other edifices of modern society has similar cubic foot. This is considerably better than Complex powers. New inventions and new levels of social coordina· Computer capacity, but then these units are relatively tion crea,te new possibilities. permanent storage. The space then required to store 20 tables of 50,000 entries would be in the neighborhood of 111 order to pursue this line of investigation, we must 100 to 150 cubic feet. The time necessary to select one of look for (1) the elements of any thinking, and (2) their these million entries would be in the neighborhood of parallel in electrical relay chains, and we must recognize one-half a second. (3) the time element in "coming to a conclusion," which The cost of the duplication of the existing machine, is equally necessary for the operation of electrical relays and the Complex Computer, would be on the order of five or for actually solving a problem by mental processes. ten thousand dollars. It contains in the neighborhood of 800 relays and the cost, accordingly, would be in the EDMUND C. BERKELEY neighborhood of $10 a relay. This, for ownership of a Assistant Mathematician machine, compares favorably with the IBM tabulator October 8, 1941 renting at an annual rate of from two to five thousand ECB:'EEC dollars. It would take considerable time to work out the final Look'ing back at this memorandum from a day 23 years details of the electrical relay computer; probably it would later, it is remarkable that George Stibitz and Claude take two or three years to work them all out, especially Shannon could have seen so clear1y the basic essentials of since Dr. Stibitz is likely to be called by the National Re­ automatic digital computing and the prospects in the field. search Defense Council for a year's service in an advisory We did not see electronics. We did not see modern capacity, and since the circuit construction department of storage of information. We did not see the immense re­ the Bell Telephone Laboratories is rather heavily loaded liability and fantastic speed that has been achieved. Of with national defense work. Nevertheless, in Dr. Stibitz' course, we did not foresee the nomenclature in use today. absence, there are a number of Bell Telephone Labora­ But we did see the machine choosing for itself its path tories' people available for cooperation. Dr. Claude E. through an unlimited sequence of instructions.. We did see 5hannon is an expert in the field of abstract circuit analysis, the machine modifying its own instructions according to while Mr. S. B. Williams is an expert in the concrete de­ information revealed as the calculation proceeded. We sign of circuits and standard practice. . . . From a large did see the machine as resembling the automatic dial tele­ point of view, the Bell Telephone Laboratories are custo­ phone system. And we did see the versa,tility and the dians, for the people of the United States, of a vast amount generality and the dimensions of "a tremendous field."

14 COMPUTERS and . AUTOMATION for January, 1965 THE FUTURE OF PROGRAMMING AND PROGRAMMERS

Dr. John W. Carr, III Aloore School of Electrical Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa.

There is a need for an objective evaluation of the future but generic classes of problems, and the develop­ of the digital computer programmer and what he does, ment of operating machine-programmed systems programming. A need has suddenly, beginning about 1950, (combinations) to solve a particular task, to be grown for persons who are identified by these terms. This done by those persons working in research and de­ need is, superficially, at least, so great that a general con­ velopment. sensus has arisen that good computer programmers are For the past 10 years many of us have preached (and we "born, not made," and that they are irreplaceable by use the term advisedly) the usefulness of the problem­ either man or machine. On the one hand, there is a giant oriented language as the most important element (at this rush to develop courses in high schools, colleges, and moment) of the man-machine computer combination. To universities that relate to the field, on the other a belief a certain extent that promotional job has been completed, by many academicians that such material has no place ex­ and the tenets of the faith agreed to, so that the present-day cept in a purely vocational training. The salary of com­ practitioner makes use of one (or sometimes more) stylized petent men and women with experience in using machines languages to solve problems in his field of usage. These is higher today in this field, relative to an individual's languages, with some salient exceptions, are aimed at formal education, than almost any other (except movie numerical manipulation using the terminology of algebra stars and "pop record" artists); and yet many competent and analysis: +, -, >, =, <, X, I, ... These, in fact, practitioners have a feeling of unease about their own per­ are the standard symbols in most computer languages and sonal future. the corresponding external languages. The work of Gorn In this discussion we will avoid too much emphasis on on Mechanical Languages [l] is one example of an attempt the present and future mechanics of programming, to at a unified theory of those languages which are involved concentrate on the relation of man to machine, now and in solution processes. in the future, from the point of view of those persons There has also been a marked growth in data-manipula­ working directly with machines. We will thus concentrate tion languages. Here, because there was no general body on a future set of goals and needs which it appears to of mathematical formalism to draw upon, there has been us will in some way have to be carried through before the an intuitive growth of terminology, algorithms, processors, problems that disturb digital computer user-practitioners etc., that certainly so far at least have almost no cohesive can be allayed. structure. There has been work done on trying to organize The future of programs and programming are tied up, this area, with some initial success. The book of Iverson crudely, with three areas of effort and three classes of [2] is an example. people. The same person may appear in more than one A.t any rate, after ten years, the programming practi­ class simultaneously. tioner, it would appear, stands at the following position: (a) Practice of- the art of programming, carried on by Certain forward strides have been made: the practitioner. 1. The recognition that the languages available for use (b) Education of the future machine user as a problem need not be machine languages only. solver, by the teacher. (Reprinted with permission from "The Computer BulIctin," (c) Research into how to solve problems on machines, vol. H, no, I, puhlished hy the British Computer Society, London, not specific problems oriented toward anyone area, Ellglalld.)

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 15 2. The recognition that more than one "type" of lan­ (a) an or the answer to the problem, guage will be needed to solve the broad array of (b) an algorithm or approximate algorithm in com- problems that machines can solve. mand language form, 3. The recognition that some sort of. universality of means that much of the relatively straight-forward coding, language, or language conventions, or interchange­ problem layout, etc., will be done by machines. The skilled ability of programs easily among machines is needed. labour portion of programming will become relatively 4. The recognition that in a dynamic problem solving smaller. Such machine program systems in their most situation, programs must be easily charged, and that trivial form, when they first came out, were called "genera­ this is the most important part of the automatic prob­ tors." There exist today working programs which, taken lem-solving process that was neglected by the pioneers in the large, do all of the work once considered to be of in the field. importance by the programmer. On the other hand, the following very important concepts For example: are far from broadly recognized or accepted or utilized: 1. Various ALGOL processing systems carry out large parts 1. Practitioners in general still do not accept the possi­ of storage assignment dynamically during execution bility of general logical non-numerical symbol man­ of the program, as do, of course, such programs as ipulation as a primary problem solving use of com­ LISP, IPL, and others. puters. They do not understand the .. basic idea; they 2. Various "compiler constructors" accept, not yet com­ have not been taught the techniques; and they are pletely efficiently, simple linguistic descriptions of not furnished by their machine and program sources well-formed strings in two languages plus a dictionary, with languages they can use that will allow them to and produce a program system for translation. manipulate symbols as casually as they manipulate 3. Various compilers have efficiency and optimization numbers today. algorithms that often work better at producing "opti­ 2. Moreover, the practitioner (as well as the designer, mised sequences" of computer instructions than can both of control programs and equipment) does not the average human coder. recognize that programming is equivalent to (not Another speaker on today's program, Tom Steel, has "analogous to" or "similar to") building a machine, pointed out the paradox involved in attempting to develop and not only that, to building a machine in a certain programmed algorithms that will produce programs tail­ orderly fashion. There are very few large installa­ ored for efficiency. That is a difficult task, at least in the tions-that we know of, at least-where the concept early stages; and once completed it may be very wasteful of what would technically be called "automatic as­ as far as machine storage and running time are concerned. sembly" is being practised where each program is There are several obvious solutions: considered as a unit in itself, a subassembly, and is (a) In some cases build these efficiency procedures into stored away as a unit for automatic recomposition the equipment itself. into a larger subassembly. It is interesting to note (b) ,Rethink and rebuild the machines so that what are that those centres where this sort of structure is be­ problems now no longer will be problems (e.g., the ginning to be evolved are those where there is a use of indirect addressing, multi-use machine regis­ common discipline (such as nuclear physics) and a ters, built-in push down lists, etc.) common goal (such as design of nuclear reactors) to (c) Construct the machines so that the "inner guts," the make the need for such a project urgent. detailed interconnection of equipment, can be 3. Along with this the practitioner has not realized in changed under program con trol, general that a computing facility must be considered (1) first by the programmer, based on static as (again) an automatic information retrieval system, decisions. in which past data, kept in the same storage medium (2) secondly 'by the running program, dynamically and the same general operational form as the pro­ during the performance of programs. grams, and the programs themselves, are stored and These encroachments by designers and systems program retrieved by information retrieval systems that must mers on common human "programmer prerogatives" lead be as sophisticated as those developed for any other one to question whether discussions of "professionalism" application. among programmers in the classical context has any but These last comments lead one to make what will prob­ historical meaning. What is a professional? The following ably be considered some quite controversial remarks about definition is immediately due to S. Gorn. the practitioner of the future. A professional is a worker who translates information He will have to be a disciplined worker, in both the past into action. (For example, one' has physicians, lawyers, traditional and scientific sense of the word "disciplines." engineers as opposed to scientists, novelists,etc.) He will have to have a combination of engineering and On this dt::finition, most programmers fail to qualify. scientific knowledge like none that is present today among The reason is obvious. They neither create information in any of us in one individual. He will have to' have a tech­ their area or use information provided by others. First, nological knowledge of how the system he is using works. up until recently, there has been no recognition of any He will have to have a liberal education to relate his revo­ portions of information that would be called "theory of lutionary tool to the rest of the world in which he lives. programming." Secondly, there has been no development Or alternatively, he can become what would be analo­ or creation of an ordered body of knowledge that can serve gous to a practising librarian or file clerk today, handling to be acted upon. and manipulating information that he does not understand, On this definition, for professionalism to exist, there add to, or basically use. must be a body of knowledge, there must be communica­ The latter alternative seems to become more nearly pos­ tion between practitioner and this body of knowledge, and sible in the large, first because ,there are many persons there must be a well organized program of education in called "programmers" today who, through no fault of their such a body of knowledge. own, fill this description. Moreover, the development of A physician, before he is allowed to practice, will have combined machine-program systems that take in problems had between 8 to 12 years of class room, !abora'tory, and or classes of problems described in an implicit non-com­ on-the-job experience which is all considered part of his malld, descriptive language, and by some decidable or un­ education. decidable process produce either Attorneys may neec1 less-6 or 7 years total-education.

16 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 Today, so-called "professional engineers" are generally The similarity of any course titles to recently announced expected to have had 5 years of education beyond the high courses or published documents is not necessarily purely school. coinciden tal. On the other hand, if one evaluates programmers on the Alternatively, if such a debasement of the education level of novelists or poets (who must a t least learn English, process is to be avoided, the computer scientist or engineer French, Russian, etc., grammar) then the evaluation of the will have to take over that portion of the present program­ output that they produce is not an "aesthetic" one based on ming job about which other speakers here have given two artistic consideration, but rather one of empirical evalua­ sides. tion based on results-philosophers use the word "ethical." Should one include the art of programming in the Com­ Programmers may consider themselves artists, without the puter and Information Science curriculum? From our own restriction of being judged on their output results but experience in teaching advanced courses in the C.I.S. area, rather on its aethetic qualities, but they are not judged on those persons who have had actual experience in construc­ this basis by their employers and the persons who ask them tive problem solving are most strongly motivated. In many to solve problems. programmers are trained like artists ca·ses, because they are on the "firing line," they realize the (mostly intuitively self-taught) but judged like physicians end goal most clearly. However, most such students (and and engineers. unfortunately not just undergraduates) have a very thin One should note that physicians, attorneys, etc., do not 'understanding of the inter-relationship of the problem- protect themselves and their work by patents, although solving components. To them a machine stands at one side they do have such protective devices as the AMA, the vari­ of a line, computer programs on another, and they match ous bar associations, the State Bar and Professional En­ them together. Moreover, the nature of problem-solving gineering ~xams, etc. On this ground, one should not as a growing process is not understood, perhaps has not expect, if a programmer is to be a professional, that he. may been taught. The understanding of the truly explosive copyright his programs or patent his subroutines. We can­ nature of problem-solving, both theory and practice, as not decide today whether or not programmers will become developed by science, is not helped, in most cases, as a "pro£essionals," but if they do, their training and attitudes result of either a classroom, laboratory, or industrial com­ will have to change. puter experience. In some cases these students can see the relationship between logic and problem-solving, or be­ Education tween switching theory and algorithms, or between pro­ gramming and certain portions of logical design, but they These relatively trivial examples only point towards cannot see the area as one organic whole. Until this is what may become a clash between "haves" and "have-nots" presented to them, the future of the man-machine relation­ residing not in New York and Afghanistan, but in neigh­ ship will be the result of localized, rather than global, bouring computation centres, or in neighbouring offices of understanding and progress. the same computation centre. There are just growing to be cleavages into classes of educated and uneducated computer Future Programming Research and Development users. What will be .the criteria that will divide these pro­ grammer "sheep" from "goats"? The answer appears to me One of the more important problems that has been possibly this: if a human is to be a computer user, he must posed, and which has not really been faced, is: How will be the intermixture of stored algorithms (programs) and (a) highly educated in some scientific, engineering, or equipment ·algorithms (machines) be combined into one managerial discipline, with a knowledge of computer whole? It has already been emphasized that those persons problem solving, or learning about and using machines must be helped to (b) a computer scientist, educated to work with com­ realize the organic nature of this structure. At present puters, or this realization occurs relatively infrequently within a single (c) a semi-skilled although important labourer working human being, or common to a single research or develop­ on the level of the present-day performance of me­ ment organization. chanics, technicians, and clerks, or We have, over the past few years, spent time with both (d) a manager. computer users and manufacturers. The following appear One danger, it has been pointed out to me, is that of to be appropriate comments:. mechanization of the humans involved, on the one hand, There IS nor necessarily alack of intercommunication and the complete divorcement of the computer scientist between programming practitioners on the one hand, and from any of the reality of what is going on, on the other. the logic designers and computer system engineers on the This latter extreme is possible if the university atmosphere other. There is, however, a marked gap between all these is to do~inate .the situation. The latter, under present-day groups and the area of research in programming. There is economIC demands, would appear highly unlikely. communication between logic designers and persons study­ . Instead, . the alternative extreme is more likely. Educa­ ing the theories of machine structure and design, but there tIon. may III fact become merely training. Under this di­ is a major gap between both practitioner programmers and rectIOn of the future, computer science would rather fall system programmers on the one hand, and the formal into the traditional programming trap and end up with theorists in programming and algorithm theory, mechanical a curriculum similar to that alleged of many schools of languages, formal systems, combinatorial analysis, etc. education. By carrying to the extreme some of the concepts There is a gap between practicing programmers and of what programming should be one could foresee a cur· mathematicians, not to say mathematics. The fault is riculum composed of titles similar to the following: obviously not one-sided, but the gap will be crossed only by the programmer, who today is the only person, as yet, who 1. The History of Programming. needs to care about the existence of this gap. 2. The Philosophy of Programming. There is a gap between the programmer and the biolo­ 3. Practice Programming La bora tory. gist, the physiologist, the psychologist, and all those persons 4. Programming Psychology. who work in areas related to living organisms. Many scien­ 5. Programming the IBM 650. tists believe that the development of "artificial intelligence," 6. Introduction to ALGOL. that is, machine systems that duplicate portions of the 7. Introduction to FORTRAN. intellectual activity of human beings, will come from dupli- 8. Programming Monitor Systems. 9. Programming Input-Output. (Please turn to page 5L! )

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 17 AUTOMATED METHODS IN PERT PROCESSING

Norman B. Solomon Sylvania Electronic Systems A Division of Sylvania Electric Products~ Inc. 40 Sylvan Rd. Waltham~ Mass.

PERT stands for "Program Evaluation and Review 5,000 activItIes in their detailed networks. Costs in Technique," a network analysis method developed by the terms of time, effort, and accuracy, preclude the U. S. Navy for managing the Polaris program. It represents manual processing of such networks. an advance in the state of the art of planning and control 2. Simulation. One of the primary advantages of build­ of large projects in large organizations, particularly research ing a model of any physical situation is to permit and development projects. multiple evaluations for different sets of input pa­ This article deals with PERT as it relates to processing rameters; this is often called simulation. Simulation on a computer. The need for computer programs is identi­ requires quick response, and computer programs can fied; a brief description of the basic elements of such pro­ provide this response. A network as small as 200 grams is presented. A sampling of various programs and events can become unwieldy if four or five re-evalu­ their hardware requirements is given. Finally, some sta­ ations are attempted manually. tistics on the automatic preparation of networks are pre­ 3. Network Integration. It is usually desirable to sub­ sented. divide large, complex networks into smaller, manage­ The computer continues to grow in importance as an aid able sub-nets; the National Aeronautics and Space to the process of managemen t. PERT programs, in par­ Agency, for example, refers to these as "frag-nets." ticular, have now become an integral part of many com­ In this process, many interface events are created, puter-based management information systems. thus posing a severe problem in network integration, Why is there a need for computer programs to perform i.e., determining the over-all effect of processing the PERT processing? Here are some of the answers. networks together. Computer programs can handle 1. Evaluation of Large 'Complex Networks. It is not un­ this problem easily. common to find today, complex, multi-million dollar 4. Rapid Response Updating. The dynamic nature of defense systems with sub-tasks requiring 3,000 to large R&D (research and development) efforts re-

18 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 ELEMENTS OF A BASIC PERT PROGRAM

CALCULATIONS t a2 --_ --­ PERFORMED e

MASTER FILE CONTROL

TL' SLACK, PROB. __ - ___ _

CALENDAR DATES ------

FIGURE 1

quires network updating over relatively short inter­ Elements of a Basic P'ERT Program vals of time. A computer program can maintain a The seven basic steps of a standard PERT computer large number of networks, accurately, rapidly, and program are shown in Figure 1, describing the complete effectively. process from submission of initial inputs to generation of 5. Input to Management Information Systems. Many final outputs. An input card deck is produced through key companies have developed computer-based manage­ punching of the input documents. The deck is then con­ ment information systems for planning and control verted to tape for input to step (1). A brief description of of all major R&D contracts. PERT information as it each step is given below. relates to task progress is a necessary input to such systems. PERT ICOST, for example, requires an in­ l. Audit Inputs put from a PERT jTime program. Thus computer In order to ensure the processing of meaningful processing of PERT data permits generation of input data, a preliminary examination of these data timely and direct inputs to such a system. is made, thus reducing the number of undetected 6. Exception Reporting. Finally, computer processing errors. Both quantitative and qualitative checks are of PERT data provides an effective means for man­ performed, e.g., more than one schedule date given agement by exception. By supplying the computer for an event or perhaps an unacceptable relationship with a set of decision criteria it is possible, auto­ between the input time estimates a, m, and b. In matically, to call to the attention of management general, a complete assessment of the reasonableness certain tasks in the schedule which exceed established of inputs is performed. Certain errors prevent proc­ tolerance limits. Thus the computer program alerts essing through subsequent operations until adequate management when a potentially critical situation is corrections are made; other errors merely identify detected. questionable inputs which lIlay or lIlay not require

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 19 N o SAMPLE PERT AND COMPUTER STATISTICS FOR SIX PROGRAMS

COMPUTER MONTHLY I RENTAL (AVERAGE) $67,000 $45,000 $28,000 $22,000 $14,500 $7,000

COMPUTER IBM 7090/1401 UNIVAC 1107 PHILCO 212 HON EYWELL 800 IBM 1410 HON EYWELL 400

PROGRAM NAME AF PERT III AF PERT III AF PERT III PERT 800 AF PERT III PERT 400

HARDWARE CONFIGU- RATION REQUIREMENTS: 1. INTERNAL MEMORY 7090-32K WORDS 16K -64K WORDS 8K-32K WORDS 4K -28K WORDS 10K-80K CH 2K-4K WORDS 1401-16K CH 2. TAPE UNITS 16 6 8-11 5-8 1 4 3. CARD READ ER AND 1 1 1 1 1 1 PRINTER 4. OTHER 1 DRUM UNIT 1 1301 DISK UNIT

CAPACITY (ACTIVITIES) 12,000 6,000 WITH 16K 14,000 UNLIMITED 5,000W/INTERRUPT 1,100 WITH 2K 12,000 WITH 32K 12,000 WI NO IN- 2,000 WITH 3K 24,000 WITH 64K TERRUPT 3,000 WITH 4K

MASTER FILE MAGNETIC TAPE MAGNETIC TAPE MAGNETIC TAPE CARD OR TAPE MAGN ETIC TAPE CARD

RUNNING TIME: 5 STANDARD NOT AVAILABLE 4 STANDARD 5 STANDARD 8 STANDARD 5 STANDARD REPORTS REPORTS REPORTS REPORTS REPORTS Activities Minutes Activities Minutes Activities Minutes Activities Minutes Activities Minutes PROCESSING TIME: 1,000 4 2,500 1.5 1,000 16 7,000 156 1,000 50 3,000 6 4,000 3.3 3,000 50 ------3,000 150 5,000 9 1. SET-UP NOT 9 STD REPORTS 7,000 11 INCLUDED 1,572 26 n PRINTING TIME: 1,000 9 1,000 7 8 STD REPORTS 1,000 7 o 3,000 25 3,000 15 7,000 84 3,000 15 ~ '"0 5,000 42 e 7,000 70 ------g 9 STD REPORTS ~ 1. INCLUDES SET-UP 1. INCLUDES SET-UP 1. SET-UP NOT 28 1. SET-UP NOT C/l 1,572 INCLUDED INCLUDED ~ ::l 2. PRINTER=600LPM 2. PRINTER=900 LPM 2. PRINTER=900 LPM 2. PRINTER=900 LPM 0.. e:> COMMENTS AF PERT III NOW PROGRAM AVAIL- PROGRAM AVAIL- r-i AV AI LABLE AT AFSC. ABLE 2ND QUARTER ABLE 1ST QUARTER o IBM PERT ALSO 1964 1964 AT ESD ~ AVAILABLE do z FIGURE 2 ...... ~ '-< ~ ::l ~ 9 ...... \D 0\ VI correction. This processing i.s often referred to as put from steps 4, 5 and 6-referred to as a MONI­ data purification, consistency checking, input audit­ TOR output in the diagram-keeps the computer ing, or input diagnastics. operator informed as to program status.) Some calculations may be perfarmed during the 7. Report Genera tar audit, such as the calculatian af elapsed time and variance of each activity. A report generator is capable of producing any af the various output reports in response to the user's 2. Update Network requests. This program can produce reparts for pre­ Follawing the audit process, the inputs may be viously evaluated networks stored in the master file, used either to. madify an existing netwark, or for or for the network currently being processed through direct processing as a completely new network. Thus, steps (1) through (6). step (2) is by-passed when a network is to be proc­ The tape master file shawn may be used as the essed for the first time. A magnetic tape master file PERT ITIME input to an integrated, computer­ is shown in the diagram containing a complete recard based management information system. reflecting the most recent evaluation of all networks. Any of these networks maybe updated by step (2) Survey of PERT P'rograms and then re-evaluated by steps (3) through (6). How do. arganizations within industry select a particular 3. Order Activities computer program? Haw many different PERT programs are available and what are the relative costs and hardware To campute the values af a PERT network prop­ canfigurations required far these programs? To. assist in erly, the effect af each activity must be determined in answering these and other related questians, several com­ a logical sequence. Hawever, it is usually desirable, prehensive surveys are available to. the patential user. from the user's standpaint, to have the flexibility of (See Appendix 1.) In general, almost every major com- numbering events in a random fashion. This flexi­ puter manufacturer has one or more PERT-type programs bility is consistent with the dynamic nature of a available to his users. Furthermore, many government and PERT network and reduces the processing problems industry computer users have written special and general which are encountered when updating networks ar purpose programs, many of which are available on request. merging tagether sub-nets ar partians af netwarks. The computer pragrams, there fare, must have the Computer and PERT Program Statistics ability to re-<>rder or re-arrange the activities for What range of hardware con'figurations is available for processing. This operation is referred to as a ranking PERT pracessing? To. answer this questian, a sampling of or topological ardering process. As a by-product of six computer systems is presented in Figure 2, ranging from the activity ardering process, step (3) will detect and the $67.5K average monthly rental down to the $7K aver- list netwark loops resulting from errors introduced age monthly rental. . in event numbering or in the transcription of input Although not shown on the chart, PERT and CPM pro­ data. (A loop exists when a path may be traced from grams with limited capabilities do exist in the IBM 1620 an event, thraugh the netwark back to. the same event. and 1401 class or the $2K to $3.5K monthly rental range. This pracess disturbs the normal path t1:"acing oper­ It should be noted that the particular program shown is ation and must be detected by the computer pro­ not necessarily the only program that can run on the com­ gram.) puter listed. For example, at least fifteen PERT programs 4. Forward Pass exist for the IBM 7090 alone, of which AF PERT III is Once the activities are properly ardered far proc­ one. Ho'wever, AF PERT III has been established as the essing, a forward pass through the network, starting current standard within the Air Farce and will form the with the begin events, generates the "TE" values, i.e., basic PERT ITI'ME module for the Air Force' PERT leOST the earliest expected completion time for each ac­ program. tivity. At the same time, event variance (the square The AF PERT III for the 7090 and for the Philco 212, root of the sum of the deviations) is also computed. and the Honeywell 400 and 800 programs are available to 5. Backward Pass users on request. The IBM 1410 program currently being tested at the Air Force Electronic Systems Division, Hans­ Directly following the forward pass, objective dates com Field, will be available in the near future. UNIVAC's for end events are determined and a backward or 1107, AF PERT III program is not expected to be avail­ reverse pass through the net,work is made. This pass able for distribution until the second quarter of 1964. generates TL values, i.e., the latest allawable comple­ Of particular interest is the IBM 1410 pragram with twa tion time far each activity required to meet the ob­ operating modes. Mode 1, with a processing capacity of jective dates. During this pass, slack and statistical 5,000 activities, permits interruption or suspension of the probabilities are computed. PERT processing to permit initiation or continuation of 6. Determine Dates a higher priority computer program. Upon completion of Since the activity time inputs to the program are the higher priority programs, PERT processing will re­ given in terms of work weeks, the values of TE and sume, automatically. Mode 2, with a processing capacity TL computed in steps (4) nd (5) are also in terms of 12,000 activities, does not permit automatic interruption. of work weeks relative to the earliest event in the Note that most of the programs shown allow mainte­ network. For purposes of computation the earliest nance of a magnetic tape master file to permit rapid up­ event is assumed to have a start time of zero. It now dating of networks. remains to canvert TE and TL fram wark weeks to. Considerable interest has been expressed within gavern­ actual calendar dates. Step (6) performs this con­ ment and industry for standardization and coordination of version by referencing all work week values to an PERT concepts and computer programs. The most note­ actual calendar date assigned to the earliest event in worthy effort in this area has been under the direction of the netlwork. This date is called the network start the Department of Defense Inter-Agency PERT Coordi­ date. The computed TE and TL dates reflect any nating Group. Within industry, the National Security In­ delays encountered by non-working days such as holi­ dustrial Association had devoted much of its time to PERT days or plant shutdown. (Note that a printed out: and PERT ICOST matters.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 21 The use of a common computer-programming language data processing center or are not located close to such a has been considered by the PERT Coordinating Group. facility. Although not shown in Figure 2, it should be mentioned that an operational PERT program written in the COBOL Automatic Ceneration of PE,RT Networks language does exist. It was developed by Sylvania and is being used on their S-9400 computer in Needham, Mass. Preparation of evaluated PERT networks for visual presentation at various management levels is an extremely Buying Computer Time for P'E,RT Processing tedious, time-consuming, and costly task. This is especially Many organizations which do not maintain an in-house true when the networks are large and the updating cycle is computer facility and would like to utilize PERT com­ short, i.e., re-assessment of progress is made every two puter programs may do so either through service bureaus weeks. Since a PERT network is a model of a dynamic or through computation centers in industry which sell situation, it is expected that the model will continue to time to other organizations. In general, buying time at change its shape, particularly during the early develop­ computer centers not operating primarily as service bu­ ment stages where many of the tasks are not fully defined. reaus requires that the user be oriented in regard to com­ Furthermore, with complex networks, it is often impossible puter programming, whereas utilizing an established ser­ manually to arrange the presentation of activities and vice bureau greatly reduces this requirement. Furthermore, events in the most desirable manner, e.g., time-phased by service bureaus generally supply input forms with explicit expected completion dates or grouped by performing or­ instructions and maintain the tape or card master files for ganization. To resolve this problem, several automatic systems have ~he networks being processed. Service bureaus that specif­ Ically sell a PERT processing capability train their oper­ been or are being developed. (See Figure 3). ators to become familiar with the program in order to Most of these systems fall into two general categories: minimize delay time in determining what actions to take (1) high speed photographic process producing a microfilm in the interpretation of various standard audit checks. output and (2) mechanical graph plotting process produc­ Advanced techniques in long-distance data transmission ing a chart output. provide new opportunities for remote processing of PERT In both categories, a computer program is necessary to data when potential users do not maintain a full-scale (Please turn to page 55)

AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF PERT NETWORKS

ADMA ELECTROPLOTTER II SYSTEM DD-80 SYSTEM AUTOMATIC DRAFTING MACHINE PERT SYSTEM MANUFACTURER DATA DISPLAY CORP. HUGHES AIRCRAFT, AEROSPACE GROUP BENSON-LEHNER CORP. ST. PAUL, MINN. CULVER CITY, CALIFORNIA SANTA MONICA CALIF.

EQUIPMENT TYPE CATHODE RAY TUBE- TAPE CONTROLLED PLOTTING BOARD MAGNETIC TAPE ELECTROPLOTTER II SYSTEM HIGH SPEED CAMERA SYSTEM (BENSON-LEHNER ELECTROPLOTTER 11- MODIFIED)

OPERATIONAL STATUS SERIAL NO.1, 2, 3, AND 4 NOW OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL. FINAL SYSTEM CHECKOUT

INPUTS SERIAL NO.1, NO.2, DIRECT FROM IBM 729-IV COMPATIBLE MAGNETIC TAPES COMPUTER 1/2" IBM FORMATED TAPE, PUNCHED CARDS, SERIAL NO.3, DIRECT AND OFF-LINE PAPER TAPE (IBM TAPE UNIT)

OUTPUTS 1. MICROFILM, 16MM, 35MM, 70MM CONTINUOUS ROLL OF 30-INCH VELLUM FOR 2. 16-INCH ON-LINE CATHODE RAY OFF-LINE REPRODUCTION CONTINUOUS ROLL OF 30-INCH VELLUM TUBE MONITOR FOR OFF-LINE REPRODUCTION 3. ON-LINE FINISHED HARD COpy (OPTIONAL)

PROCESSING TIME 1. MICROFILM ON LINE 2 TO 3 FEET OF VELLUM/MINUTE 33 MS/FRAME 7090 COMPUTER: 2. SECONDARY CAMERA (DEVELOPED) 25 TO 50 ACTIVITIES/MINUTE PROGRAM: 625 ACTIVITI ES/MINUTE 6 SEC/FRAME PLOTTER SPEEDS: 225 ACTIVITI ES/HOUR 3. ON-LINE FINISHED HARD COpy 66 ACTIVITIES/MINUTE (PLANNED) 6 SEC/FRAME

PROCESSING COSTS 1. ON-LINE FINISHED HARD COpy COMPLETE SERVICE (INCLUDING 7090 $.20/PAGE PROCESSING) .50-.70/ACTIVITY PACKAGE COST FOR COMPLETE SYSTEM: 2. ON-LINE MICROFILM OUTPUT DRAWING ONLY (CUSTOMER 7090) • COMPUTER PROGRAM ] $85K .25-.40/ACTIVITY TAPE INPUT ELECTROPLOTTER DRAWING ONLY (PLANNED) . 15-.20/ACTIVITY

COMPUTER PROGRAMS FORTRAN 7090/7094 PROGRAM FORTRAN 7090/7094 PROGRAM. ACCEPTS FORTRAN IV (7090, 3600, 7044) FOR PERT NETWORKS AVAILABLE TO DD-80 USERS PERT INFORMATION FROM OUTPUT OF AF 3000 ACTIVITY CAPACITY PER SUB-NET. PERT III, NASA PERT, HUGHES-PERT, LOCKHEED. NO LIMIT ON SUB-NETS. 1500 ACTIVITY CAPACITY. COST: $20,000 MARTIN DATA CENTER SERVICE BUREAUS NONE CURRENTLY THREE PLANNED CULVER CITY, CALIF. (TWO SERVICES AVAIL- BALTIMORE, MARYLAND FOR BOSTON AREA BY 3RD QUARTER ABLE:) 48 HOUR TURN-AROUND TIME. 1964. 1. 7090 PROCESSING PLUS DRAWING 2. AUTOMATIC DRAWING ONLY OWN PROGRAM REQUIRED.

MONTHLY RENTAL $6,510/MONTH $6,200 (l MACHINE PLUS COMPUTER PROGRAM) NEGOTIATED

COMMENTS: MOSAIC TECHNIQUE CAN BE USED 1. NETWORKS TIME PHASED BY T E OR T L COMPLETE SYSTEM AVAILABLE IN WITH OUTPUT 2. VERTICAL PLACEMENT (BANDING) POSSIBLE, 2ND QUARTER 1964. NETWORKS (21 BANDS) MAY BE TIME PHASED AND BANDED. 3. 65 CHARACTERS FOR EVENT BOX DATA (5 ROWS) 4. ACTIVITY DATA POSSIBLE

FIGURE 3 22 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 DO YOU HAVE A SIGNAL PROCESSING PROBLEM? AMBILOG 200 IS DESIGNED TO SOLVE IT!

Using the best of both analog and digital techniques, the AMBILOG 200'M Stored Program Signal Processor is designed from the ground up to handle the' 'floods of data" generated in test and research programs. Although such programs cover many fields - biomedical monitoring. geophysical research. test stand instrumentation. automatic weapons checkout, speech analysis - all require complex signal processing: multiple input acquisition and output distribution. monitoring. editing. arithmetic. analysis. recording and display. Because of its high processing speed and extensive input/output for both analog and digital data. AMBILOG 200 is ideally suited for such tasks. Here are some examples.

Real Time Waveform Measurement Peak values, axis crossings, ratios of successive differences, and other characteristics of analog signals are measured in real time. Incoming signals are monitored for events of interest, using complex programmed detection criteria. In a typical biomedical application, the result is a 100-to-1 reduction in the bulk of magnetic tape output records.

Spectrum Analysis Parallel hybrid multiplication and summing, 2 microsecond 30-bit ··.A(Il'~)•••.••• /OT·W(t)F(9,tlg()~i(~)d~ digital storage, and a flexible instruction format providing efficient list processing combine to make the AMBILOG 200 powerful in statistical signal analysis techniques such as Fourier transformation. §(~'VV).· ....•.. .£rYV(tlFJ~,t).~in{~t)cj! auto and cross correlation, power spectrum density an9-lysis, and generation of histograms of amplitude spectra.

Digitizing and Recording Multiple inputs, from up to several hundred sources, are routed through a multiplexer switch array under stored program control. At no penalty in sampling rates over conventional systems. the AMBILOG 200 converts incoming data to engineering units for recording or monitoring. An analog-to-digital converter p.erforms a complete 15-bit conversion in 4 microseconds for digital storage, recording or outputing.

Display Generation Multiple analog outputs facilitate close man-machine relationships in systems involving visual displays. Points of an image stored in memory are rotated through three space angles and projected on a CRT at a 50 Kc rate. Co-ordinate transformation is accomplished simultaneously with digital-to-analog conversion.

For technical reports describing in detail these and similar AMBILOG 200 applications, write I. R. Schwartz, Vice President.

,q~:'2...a., 292 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142

Circle No. 13 on Readers Service Card COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 23 CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS

Feb. 2-4, 1965: Symposium in On-Line Computing Systems, June 22-25, 1965: Sixth Joint Automatic Control Confer­ Schoenberg Hall, UCLA Campus, Los Angeles, Calif.; ence (J ACC), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy contact UCLA Engineering Extension (GRanite 8-9711, N. Y.; contact Prof. James W. Moore, Dept. of Mechan­ Station 3721), Los Angeles, Calif. 90024. ical Engineering, Univ. of Va., Charlotteville, Va. Feb. 17-19, 1965: International Solid-State Circuits Con­ June 28-July 1, 1965: Information Sciences Institute, ference, 12th Annual Meeting, Sheraton Hotel and Univ. Seminar II: Pattern Recognition, Univ. of Maryland, of Pa., Philadelphia, Pa.; contact Lewis Winner, 152 W. Computer Science Center and University College, College 42 St., New York, N. Y. 10036 Park, Md.; contact Div. of Institutes, Center of Adult Mar. 22-25, 1965: IEEE International Convention, Coliseum Education, Univ. of Md., College Park, Md. 20742 and New York Hilton Hotel, New York, N. Y.; contact June 29-July 2, 1965: Data Processing Management Asso­ IEEE Headquarters, E. K. Gannett, 345 E. 47th St., New ciation 1965 International Data Processing Conference York, N. Y. and Business Exposition, Benjamin Franklin Hotel and Apr. 13-15, 1965: National Telemetering Conference, 15th Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact Data Process­ Annual Meeting, Shamrock-Hilton Hotel, Houston, Tex.; ing Management Association, 524 Busse Highway, Park contact Lewis Winner, 152 W. 42 St., New York, N. Y. Ridge, Ill. 10036 Aug. 14-Sept. 6, 1965: National Science Foundation Con­ Apr. 15-16, 1965: First International Conference on Pro­ ference on Digital Computers for College Teachers of gramming and Control, U. S. Air Force Academy, Colo­ Science, Mathematics and Engineering, Univ. of South­ rado Springs, Colo.; contact Prof. G. B. Dantzig, Opera­ western Louisiana, Lafayette, La.; contact Dr. James R. tions Research Center, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif. Oliver, Director, USL Computing Center, Box 133, USL May 10-12, 1965: National Aerospace Electronics Confer­ Station, Lafayette, La. 70506 ence (NAECON), Dayton, Ohio; contact IEEE Dayton Aug. 23-27, 1965: 6th International Conference on Medical Office. 1414 E. 3rd St., Dayton 2, Ohio. EIee. & Biological Engineering, Tokyo, Japan; contact May 13-14, 1965: Symposium on Signal Transmission and Dr. L. E. Flory, RCA Labs., Princeton, N. J. Processing, Columbia Univ., New York, N. Y.; contact Aug. 24-26, 1965: Association for Computing Machinery, Dr. L. E. Franks, Bell Tel. Labs., No. Andover, Mass. 20th National Meeting, Sheraton~Cleveland Hotel, Cleve­ land, Ohio; contact Lewis Winner, 152 W. 42 St., New May 18, 1965: SWAP Conference, Marriott Motor Hotel, York, N. Y. 10036 Twin Bridges, Washington, D. C.; contact Gordon V. Aug. 24-27, 1965: WESCON, Cow Palace, San Francisco, Wise, Control Data Corp., 8100 34th Ave. So., Minne­ Calif.; contact IEEE L. A. Office, 3600 Wilshire Blvd., apolis, Minn. 55420. Los Angeles, Calif. May 18-21, 1965: GUIDE International User Organization Sept. 8~ 10, 1'965: Industrial Electronics & Control Instru­ Meeting. (Users of Large Scale IBM EDP Machines,) mentation Conference, Sheraton Hotel, Philadelphia, Statler-HIlton Hotel, Detroit, Mich.; contact Lois E. Pa.; contact Lewis Winner, 152 W. 42 St., New York, Mecham, Secretary, GUIDE International, c/o United N. Y. 10036 Services Automobile Association, 4119 Broadway, San Antonio, Tex. 78215 Sept. 20-23, 1965: Second Systems Engineering Conference May 19-21, 1965: 15th CO-OP Conference, Marriott Mo­ & Exposition, McCormick Place, Chicago, Ill.; contact tor Hotel, Twin Bridges, Washington, D. C.; contact Clapp & Poliak, Ine., 341 Madison Ave., New York, Gordon V. Wise, Control Data Corp., 8100 34th Ave. N. Y. 10017. So., Minneapolis, Minn. 55420. Oct. 4-7, 1965: 20th Annual ISA Instrument-Automation Conference & Exhibit, Sports Arena, Los Angeles, Calif.; May 19-21, 1965: Power Industry Computer App. Confer­ contact Public Relations Dept., Instrument Society of ence (PICA), Jack Tar Hotel, Clearwater, Fla.; contact America, Penn-Sheraton Hotel, 530 Wm. Penn PI., Pitts­ G. W. Stagg, American Elee. Power Servo Corp., 2 Broad­ burgh, Pa. 15219. way, New York, N. Y. 10008. Oct. 10-16, 1965: 1965 Congress of the International Fed­ May 24-29, 1965: IFIP Congress '65, New York Hilton Ho­ eration of Documentation (FID), Sheraton Park Hotel, tel, New York, N. Y.; contact Evan Herbert, Conover Washington, D. C.; contact Secretariat, 1965 FID Con­ M'ast Publ., 205 E. 4,2 St., New York 17, N. Y. gress, 9650 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D. C. 20014. June, 1965: Automatic Control in the Peaceful Uses of Nov. 10-16, 1965: INTERKA'MA (International Congress Space, Oslo, Norway; contact Dr. John A. Aseltine, Aero­ and Exhibition of Measuring Instruments and Auto­ space Corp., P. O. Box 95085, Los Angeles 45, Calif. mation); contact Nordwestdeutsche Ausstellungs-und June 21-25, 1965: Information Sciences Institute, Seminar Messe-Gesellschaft mbH - NOWEA -, Dusseldorf, Messe­ I: Image Processing, Univ. of Maryland, Computer geHinde. Science Center and University College, College Park, June, 1966: Third Congress of the International Feder­ Md.; contact Div. of Institutes, Center of Adult Educa­ ation of Automatic Control, London, England (Deadline tion, Univ. of Md., College Park, Md. 20742 for papers from the U. S. is March 1, 1965); contact June 21-25, 1965: San Diego Symp. for Biomedical Engi­ nr. Theodore J. Williams, Chairman, AACC Applica­ nccring, San Diego, Calif.; contact Dean L. Franklin, tions Committee, R & E Div., Monsanto Chemical Co., Scripps Clinic & Res Found., La Jolla, Calif. 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis 66, Mo.

2ti COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 19&4 ANNUAL INDEX

Volume 13, 1964

Published by BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC. 815 Washington Street Newtonville, Mass. 02160

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 25 ANNUAL INDEX for

VOLUME 1 13:, 1964 _

Published by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 Copyright ® 1964 by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.

r

Numeric Display System,'" 13/7 (July) 49 A: "MI Orders Two DDP-24 Computers, t. 13/5 13/8 (Aug.), 12 (May), 52 "ALPS Now Avai lable for H-800 and 1800' Sys­ ASI, "LTV Military Electronic Division Receives "ABC's Political Pundit," 13/10 (Oct.), 36 terns," 13/8 (Aug.), 40 " ASI Computer," 13/7 (J ul y), 41 '''Access to Computers," by Edmund C. Berkeley, Alt, Franz L., "The Standardization of Pro­ ASI Introduces New Family of Computers," 13/9 (Sept.), 6 gram.ning Languages," 13/11 (Nov.) 32 13/11 (Nov.), 43 Accounting system, ''NCR 395 -- Electronic "AI ton and Southern Ra ilroad Yard t~ be Auto­ "ASI 210 Delivered to Westinghouse Astroelec­ Accounting System," 13/8 (Aug.), 36 mated," 13/3 (Mar.), 41 tronics," 13/3 (Mar.), 41 ACM: "1964 ACM Meeting in Philadelphia," Alwac, "IPS Appointed Broker for Alwac Compu­ ASI 2100, "F irst ASI 2100 Installed," 13/2 l3/U (Aug.), 44 ter Sys terns," 13/3 (Mar.), 42 (Feb.), 31 "Amb ilog 200," 13/4 (Apr.), 46 "Madden Joins ACM as Executive Director" Assembly system, "The Anatomy of an Assembly 13/10 (Oct.), 46 ' Ampex: "Tape Handler Contract for Ampex from i~stem,,, by John H. Worthington, 13/1 (Jan.), SDS ," 13/2 (Feb.), 31 "ACM 65 Call-For-Papers," 13/12 (Dec.), 9 "Three Contracts Total $3 Million for Ampex," Associations, "Roster of Computer Associations," "Across the Editor's Desk:" 13/1 (Jan.), 27; 13/12 (Dec.), 55 13/2 (Feb.), 29; 13/3 (Mar.), 37; 13/4 13/6 (J une) , 92 (Apr.), 39; 13/5 (May), 49; 13/7 (July), 37; "Western Electric Awards Contract to Ampex," "Astronauts 'Fly' Gemini Missions in IBM Simu­ 13/3 (Mar.), 39 lator," 13/1 (Jan.), 28 13/8 (Aug.), 31; 13/9 (Sept.), 37; 13/10 "Ampex Hits Sales, Earning Record," 13/1 ~~ct.), 35; 13/11 (Nov.), 37; 13/12 (Dec.), "As tronomical Tables Produced by Computer," (Jan.), 35 13/3 (Mar.), 39 Amplifiers, "Turbulence Amplif iers," 13/11 "ADA Converter System for Hybrid Data Proces­ (Nov.), 48 Atlantic Refining, "Advanced Model Computer sing Field," 13/3 (Mar.), 45 Analog -- SEE: "New Products" to be Installed by Atlantic Refining" Adage, "Two New Officers Elected at Adage" 13/7 (July), 41 ' 13/4 (Apr.), 50 ' "Analog Computer to be Installed at Texas Power & Light Company," 13/2 (Feb.), 31 -"Atlantis Will Use PDP-5 on Indian Ocean "Adage 770 Hybrid Computer Linkage System," Analog computers: "Characteristics of Gen­ Cruise," 13/10 (Oct.), 40 13/2 (Feb.), 34 eral Purpose Analog Computers," 13/6 "Audio Devices Half Year Sales up 15%," 13/11 "AD-APT," 13/8 (Aug.), 40 (June), 78 (Nov.), 49 Adcom Corporation, "Holley Computer Products "Use of Analog Computers Promises Advances Audio response unit, "Verbal Telephone Reply and Adcom Corpora tion Acquired by Control in Eye Research," 13/10 (Oct.), 35 From Computer Poss ible with Audio Response Data," 13/8 (Aug.), 35 "Analog Computers," (in Annual Pictorial Re­ Unit," 13/3 (Mar.), 45 A/D converter, "300 Per Second A/D Converter," port), 13/12 (Dec.), 34 Aus tralia, "Honeywell EDP Opens Computer 13/2 (Feb.), 34 Analog-digital system, "Contract from NASA ;~rvice Center in Australia," 13/2 (Feb.), A/D converters, "Packard Bell Computer Offers !gr Analog-Digital System," 13/11 (Nov.), Five New A/D Converters and Two D/A Conver­ "A~stralia Orders On-Line Power Plant Digital ters," 13/2 (Feb,), 34 Analog Signal, "System Handles Analog Signal Computer from Leeds & Northrup," 13/10 "AD Service Firm Installs H-400 " 13/2 (Feb.) in Digital Manner," 13/2 (Feb.), 34 (Oct.), 38 32 " "Analog Simulation and Engineering Analysis "Australian University Installs New Computer" Address ing system, "Contract for Automated Course Offered by EAI," 13/7 (July), 44 13/7 (July), 42 ' Addressing System," 13/12 (Dec.), 56 "Analog-to-Dig i tal Interface System, t. 13/4 "Auto Club of Missouri to Install GE-4l5 " "Advanced Model Computer to be Installed by (Apr.) , 47 13/7 (July), 41 ' Atlantic Refining," 13/7 (July), 41 "The Anato~y of an Assembly System," by John ::Automated Credit Control," 13/12 (Dec.), 62 "Advertis ing, Publicity Releases, and Infor­ , H. Worthlngton, 13/1 (Jan.), 18 A~~omated Design Engineering," 13/3 (Mar.), mation Worth Publishing," from Charles R. Andersen Labs., "Agreement Signed by GE & Cross, from R. W. Olmstead and Roger W. " Andersen Labs.," 13/5 (May), 53 "Automated Map Preparation" 13/10 (Oct) Christian, 13/2 (Feb,), 24 45 ,., Agd Internationally Speaking ••• ," 13/2 (Feb.), ADX System, "ITT Division to Supply Trans "Automatic Book Composition by Computers" ~~rld Airlines with ADX System," 13/7 (July), "Annual Index to 'Computers and Automation' 13/12 (Dec.), 61 ' Jan., 1962 to Dec., 1963," 13/1 (Jan.) B2 "A~6omatic Call Distributors," 13/9 (Sept.), "AEC Orders Computer for Control of Solvent "Annual Pictorial Report," 13/12 (Dec.),' 28 " Extraction Processes," 13/3 (Mar.), 40 Anti-submarine warfare, "Eight Van Mounted "Automatic Documentation," by Edmund C. Aerospace Computer Family by Honeywell," DDP-24's Ordered for Anti-Submarine Warfare Berkeley, 13/11 (Nov.), 6 13/3 (Mar.), 43 Simulation," l3/U (Aug.), 33 "Automatic Film Reader Delivered by III " AFIPS, "Executive Director of AFIPS is Ap­ Apollo, "Two DDP-24 Computers Delivered for 13/3 (Mar.), 40 ' pointed," 13/12 (Dec.), 63 Apollo As tronaut Trainer," 13/11 (Nov.) 40 ::Automatic Meter Reading," 13/12 (Dec.) 62 "AFIPS Names Dr. E. L. Harder," 13/10 (Oct.) ~ , Apollo project, "Gul ton Industr ies to Budd Automatic Type Cleaner for EDP Printers " Data Transmission System for Project Apol- 13/5 (May), 61 ' ' "AFIPS Public Relations Change," 13/2 (Feb.) ~ , 10," 13/1 (Jan.), 28 Autom~tion, "The Unfavorable Social Impli­ Application of computers, "Over 700 Areas of catlons of Automation," by Dick H. Bran­ "Agreement Signed by GE & Andersen Labs.," Application of Computers," 13/6 (June) 82 don, 13/12 (Dec.), 15 13/5 (May), 53 Applications -- SEE: "New Applications'" "Automation": 13/2 (Feb.), 37; 13/10 (Oct.), "H.H. Aiken Receives Harry Goode Memorial "Applications": 13/10 (Oct.), 35; 13/11 (Nov.), 45; 13/12 (Dec.), 61 Award," 13/12 (Dec.), 63 37; 13/12 (Dec.), 53 Automation, "Computers, Automnion and Airborne general purpose computer, ''NDC-lOOO Appli~ations of computers, "Government Report Society -- the Responsibilities ~f People" -- Airborne General Purpose Computer," 13/8 " on Computer Applications," 13/9 (Sept.), 43 " by R. W. Retterer, 13/8 (Aug'>, 8 ' (Aug.) , 37 Archaeology, Computerology and Futurology," Automation and Unemployment," by Helen "Air Force Contract for 'HYDAC' Computing 13/2 (Feb.), 7 Solem, 13/4 (Apr.), 9 System," 13/1 (Jan.), 28 Argentina, "F irst Computer Course for Freshmen "Air Force Contract for Two MOBIUB Vehicles" in a School of Engineering in Argentina," by 13/12 (Dec.), 55 ' . ;rof. Ing. Horacio C. Reggini, 13/9 (Sept.), !!.: B200: "Data Processing Services Handled "Air Force Eastern Test Range Awards Computer by B200 System," 13/2 (Feb.) 32 Contract to Beckm'jn," 13/8 (Aug.) 33 Arm-aid, "Research Arm-Aid, a Computer-Guided "Software Translates SPS Progr~ms for "Air Force Installs 174th Computer, ,', 13/8 Device", 13/11 (Nov.), 38 B200," 13/5 (May), 59 (Aug.), 34 Armes, George, "Deriving Maximum Utilization B260, "Florida Service Bureau Installs Bur­ "Air Force Installs Two C-135B Flight Simula­ from Computer Tape," 13/11 (Nov.), 20 roughs B260," 13/1 (Jan.), 30 tors," 13/5 (May), 51 Army Contracts, "C-E-I-R Awarded Army Con­ B270, "Duluth, Minn. Bank Orders B270 " "A i r Force Names Packard Bell to Build Compu­ tracts," 13/11 (Nov.), 4U 13/2 (Feb'>, 31 ' ter-lJased Telemetry System," 13/4 (Apr.), 41 Art, "Programming: Science, Art or Language'" " "B5500 -- Third New Computer System by Bur­ "Air Force & Navy Awud Multi-Million Dollar by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/1 (Jan.), 6 ' roughts in 1964," 13/10 (Oct.), 42 Contracts to Univac," 13/5 (May), 50 "Artistic Des ign by Computer," by L. Meze i, Bancorporation, "Mantana's Largest' Commercial Alpha-numeric display system, "SEFAC, Alpha-

2G COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 Computer Center Established by Bancorpora­ ·13randon, Dick H., and Frederick Kirch: "Com­ Case, "One-Week Study Course to be Presented tion," 13/5 (May), 54 puter Operation Standards," 13/9 (Sept.~ at Case," 13/5 (May), 54 Hank communications, "'Party-Line' System for 32 Ca ttle, "Bigger and Better Beef Cat tIe Pro­ On-Line Bank Communications," 13/10 (Oct.), "Performance Standards," 13/7 (July), 33 duced by Computer Analysis," lJolll (Nov,), 43 "Standards for Computer Programming," Part 38 "Bankers Data Processing, Inc. Orders $3,000, 1, 13/4 (Apr.), 20 CDC 34JO, "Universite de Montreal to Install OUU in Burroughs Equipment," 13/7 (July), "Standards for Computer Programming," Part CDC ·3400," 13/12 (Dec,), 57 40 2, 13/5 (May), 22 CDC 3600/3200, "Europe::ln Electronics FirID Banks, "Computer Programs for Banks," 13/1 13ridge Incorporated, "Control Data Acquires Orders CDC 3600/32UO System," 13/5 (May), (Jan.) , 33 Uridge Incorporated," 13/1 (Jan.), 30 51 "13attelle Expanding Digital Facilities," Britain, "The Computer Situation in Britain, "CDC Awarded Contract by Western Union," 13/11 (Nov.), 41 Summer, 1964," by R. H. \Hlliams, 13/9 13/11 (Nov.), 3j "Beam of Light from Laser Drills Microscopic (Sept.), 24 C-E-1-R: "Goddard Space Center Awards Con­ Holes in Metal," 13/8 (Aug.) , 41 "British Petroleum Co., Ltd. Acquires Interest tract to C-E-1-H," 13/12 (Dec.), 55 Beckman: "Air Force Eastern Test Range in C-E-I-R W.K.) Ltd.," 13/5 (May), 53 "Korvette Signs Contract with C-E-I-R, Awards Computer Contract to Beckman," "Brochure Offered by GE," 13/2 (Feb,), 38 Inc.," 13/4 (Apc.) , 40 13/8 (Aug.), 33 "Built-in Data-Vault," 13/2 (Feb.), 36 "STINFO Pro\lrdm to be Studied by C-E-I-R," "Contract Over $2 Million Received by Beck­ Bunker-Ramo: "Machine Language Translation 13/1 (Jan.), 29 man," 13/12 (Dec.), 55 Contracts Awarded to Bunker-Ramo," 13/12 "USDA Graduate School, C-E-I-R Coopera te "Beckman Receives Contract for $1 Million (Dec.) , 56 in Training Program for Federal Employees," Plus from Lear Siegler," 13/8 (Aug.), 33 "Standard Oil of California to Lease Bunker­ 13/4 (AprJ, 45 "Beckman/SDS Integrated Computer System," Ramo System," 13/10 (Oct.), 37 "C-E-I-R Appoints Burton VP and Director ,II 13/7 (July), 46 "Teleregister, Bunker-Ramo to Combine Cor­ 13/10 (Oct.), 45 "Dr. Heckman Elected Chairman of the Board porations," 13/7 (July), 43 "C-E-I-R Awarded Army Contracts," 13/11 (Nov.), of Trustees of CalTech," 13/2 (Feb.), 38 "The Bunker-Ramo Corporation," 13/3 (Mar.), 42 40 "Bell Labs Orders DDP-24 for Speech Proces­ "Bunker-Ramo Computer Sys tern to be Part of "C-E-I-R Has Profitable Six Months," 13/1 sing," 13/10 (Oct.), 38 Mechanized Mail Handling System," 13/12 (Jan,), 35 Bell Telephone System, "Data-Phone Service of (Dec.), 55 "C-E-I-R, Inc. and British Affiliate Form Bell Telephone System," 13/10 (Oct.), 31 "Bunker-Ramo Ships Two Numerical Control New Company," 13/12 (Dec.), 58 Bergstein, Harold J., "The Public Image of Uni ts to France," 13/10 (Oct.), 39 C-E-I-R W.K.) Ltd., "British Petroleum Co., Computing," 13/4 (Apr.), 28 "Bunker-Ramo 340's for Giant Colonial Pipe- Ltd. Acquires Interest in C-E-I-R, W.K.) Herk, M.A. and C.F. Haugh, "Matching Communi­ 1 ine," 13/7 (July), 39 Ltd. ," 13/5 (May), 53 cation Facilities to Data Processors," Bunker-Ramo lRW-340, "Container Corporation of Census -- SEE: "Monthly Computer Census" 13/10 (Oct,), 14 America to Install Bunker-Ramo TRW-340 Census, "Monthly Computer Census": 13/11 Berkeley, Edmund C.: "Access to Computers", Sys tern," 13/4 (Apr.), 42 (Nov,) , SO; 13/12 (Dec.), 64 13/9 (Sept.), 6 Burroughs: "B5500 -- Third New Computer Sys­ Central computer and sequencer, "Mariner "Automatic Documentation," 13/11 (Nov.), 6 tem by Burroughs in 1964," 13/10 (Oct.), Mars 1964 -- Central Computer and Sequen­ "The Computer: Let's Keep Our Feet on the 42 cer," 13/12 (Dec.), 54 Ground," 13/3 (Mar.), 7 "Bankers Data Processing, Inc. Orders "CertH ied Grocers Buys $l,OUO ,OUO Worth of "Computers and Skills," 13/4 (Apr.) 7 $ 3,OUU ,OUO in BurroughS Equipment," 13/7 Computers," 13/3 (Mar.), 4U "Computers and Thought," 13/2 (Feb.), 6 (July) , 40 Character reader, "Electronic Retina Character "Examples, Understanding, and Computers," "Something New V ia Something Used from Reader," 13/11 (Nov.), 48 13/12 (Dec.), 6 Burroughs," 13/4 (Apr.), 11 "Character Recognition, Information Inter­ "Forum on the Social Implications of Com­ "Burroughs Appointments," 13/10 (Oct,), 45 change Headed for World Standardization," puters and Automation," 13/7 (July), 8 "Burroughs B2UO Installed at Ford Division," 13/7 (July), 5U "Organizations in the Computer Field, 1951 13/2 (Feb.) , 31 "Characteristics of General Purpose Analog to 1964," 13/6 (June), 9 "Burroughs E2100 Direct Accounting Machine," Computers," 13/6 (June), 78 "Pictures from Space, and the Powers of Com­ 13/3 (Mar.) , 43 "Chase Brass Orders Foxboro Process Control puters," 13/9 (Sept.), 9 "Burroughs Earnings up 17"/0," 13/9 (Sept.), 44 Computer Sys tern," 13/11 (Nov.), 40 "People Who Do Not Work," 13/8 (Aug.), 7 "Burroughs Memory Devices," 13/9 (Sept.), 41 "Chicago-Based Publisher to be Affiliated "People Who Do Not Work Well," 13/10 (Oct.), "Burroughs to Produce Letter Sorting Machines," wi th IBM," 13/2 (Feb.), .32 6 13/11 (N ov.), 39 "Chicoder Merges Language, SCience," 13/7 "Programming: Science, Art or Language?," "The Bus ines s Forms Story," 13/9 (Sept.), 43 (July), 49 13/1 (Jan.), 6 "Business News": 13/1 (Jan.), 35; 13/2 (Feb.), China, "Electronic Computers in Ch ina," by "The Programming Language USP: An Intro­ 39; 13/3 (Mar.), 48; 1;J/4 (Apr.), 51; 13/5 Florence Luscomb, 13/10 (Oct,), 9 duction and Appraisal," 13/9 (Sept.), 16 (May), 62; 13/7 (July), 51; 13/8 (Aug.), "Choosing a Service Bureau," by Arnold P. "What Happens to the Quality and Character 44; 13/10 (Oct.), 47 Smith, 13/12 (Dec.), 23 of an Intellectual Job When It Gets "Buyers' Guide for the Computer Field: Pro­ Christian, Roger W., "Advertising, Publicity Mechanized?," 13/5 (May), 7 ducts and Services for Sale or Rent," Releases, and Information Worth Publish­ Berlin, Moses M., "Books and Other Publica­ 13/6 (J une) , 28 ing," 13/2 (Feb,), 24 tions," SEE: "Books and Other Publications" Chrysler Corp., "Computers Provide Quality "Bigger and Better Beef Cattle Produced by Controlled Car Assembly at Chrysler Cor­ Computer AnalysiS," 13/11 (Nov.), 38 C: C-135B, "Air Force Installs Two C-135B poration," 13/7 (July), 37 "Biometric Research Aided by Long-Distance - Flight Simulators," 13/5 (May), 51 Civil engineers, "Computer Workshop for Civil Computing," 13/11 (Nov.), 39 "CAL to Acquire Computer Concepts," 13/10 Engineers," 13/10 (Oct.), 42 Blind computer programmers, "Computer Sys terns (Oct.), 40 COBAL, "A Glossary of Droll Definitions Institute Chosen for Training of Blind "Calcomp Sales Triple," 13/4 (Apr.), 51 COBAL -- Computerdom's One Basic Authorize( Computer Programmers," 13/12 (Dec.), 59 LanQua(le," 13/5 (May), 38 "Calendar of Coming Events": 13/1 (Jan.), "COBAL Glossary Supplement," by James M. Blumberg, Donald F., "New Directions for 17; 13/2 (Feb.), 44; 13/3 (Mar.), 49; Computer Technology and Applications ••• A Cannon, 13/12 (Dec.), 25 13/4 (Apr.), 34; 13/5 (May), 70; 13/7 Code converter, "Dataport, Self-Contained Long Range Prediction," 13/1 (Jan.), 8 (July), 32; 13/8 (Aug,), 45; 13/9 (Sept,), Boatwright, J. H., "Using a Computer for Code Converter," 13/5 (May), 58 30; 13/10 (Oct.), 32; 13/11 (Nov.), 53; "Coffee Dan's to Ins tall Monrobot XI," 13/4 Quality Control of AutomHic Production," 13/12 (Dec.), 22 13/2 (Feb.), 10 (Apr.), 41 CalTech, "Dr. Beckman Elected Chairman of Cohen, "InformatiCS Inc. Elects Cohen," 13/11 "Bond Trade Analysis Program," 13/3 (Mar.), the Board of Trustees of CalTech," 13/2 44 I (Nov.) , 49 (Feb.) , 38 . College Computer centers, "Roster of School, Book composition, "Automatic Book Composition "Canadian Subsidiary Formed by Itek," 13/9 by Computers," 13/12 (Dec.), 61 College and University Computer Centers," (Sept.), 40 13/6 (J une) , 85 "Book-of-the-Month Club Buys H-800," 13/10 "Canadian Wheat Pool Uses Computer to Speed (Oct.), 38 Members' Grain Settlements," 13/8 (Aug.), Collins Radio', f'NAS~ Awards Multi-Million "Books and Other Publica tions," by Moses M. 35 Contract to Collins Radio," 13/8 (Aug.), 34 Berlin: 13/2 (Feb,), 45; 13/3 (Mar.), 52; Cancer data processing, "Documentation In­ Colonial Pipeline, "Bunker-Ramo 340·s for 13/4 (Apr.), 55; 13/10 (Oct,), 53 corporated Awarded $J:! Million Contract for Giant Colonial Pipeline," 13/7 (July), 39 Boston Navy Yard, "lOOth NTDS Computer Shipped Cancer Data ProceSSing," 13/4 (Apr,), 40 Colorado Revenue Department, "Electronic to Boston Navy Yard," 13/11 (Nov.), 42 Cannon, James M., "COBALGlossary Supplement," Retina Systems to be Installed by Colorado Bostwick-Braun, "IBM Tele-Processing System 13/12 (Dec.), 25 Revenue Department," 13/12 (Dec.), 57 Installed by Bostwick-Braun," 13/11 (Nov.), "Capitol Report": 13/3 (Mar.), 35; 13/4 Colorado School of Mines, "New Computer 42 (Apr,), 35; 13/5 (May), 47 Center Formed at Colorado School of Mines," "Boxscore of Sales & Income for Computer Car assembly, "Compllters Provide Quality 13/12 (Dec.), 59 Field Firms," 13/7 (July), 51 Controlled Car Assembly at Chrysler Cor­ "Colorado State Installs IBM 1401," 13/11 "Boxscore of Sales and Profits for Computer poration," 13/7 (July), 37 (Nov.) , 41 Field Firms," 13/3 (Mar.), 48 Card processors, "Sea-Going Card Processors "Columbia University Installs PDP-4 Computer," Brain-wave responses, "Controlled Study of to Keep Tabs on Nuclear Subs," 13/8 (Aug.), 13/7 (July), 41 Evoked Brain-Wave Responses," 13/1 (Jan.), 34 "A Command Control Information System for 27 Card reader, "Punched Card Reader for Com­ the Field Army," by David E. Weisberg, Brandon Applied Systems, "Fall Schedule for mercial and Industrial Card Automated Sys­ 13/11 (Nov,), 26 Data ProceSSing Courses Announced by Bran­ tems," 13/11 (Nov.), 47 "Conunand Control Sys tern -- Proj ect 465L," don Applied Systems," 13/10 (Oct.), 42 "Cards, Inc.," 13/4 (Apr.), 44 13/8 (Aug.), 31 Brandon, Dick H.: "Comments on 'The Computer "Carnegie Institute Has Center for Study of "Comments on 'People Who Do Not Work Well,'" Personnel Revolution'," 13/12 (Dec.), 9 Information Processing," 13/12 (Dec,), 58 from Harry R. He in, 13/12 (Dec,), 25 "The Computer Personnel Revolution," 13/8 Carnegie Tech physicists, "PDP-5 Computer "ConuDents on 'The Computer Personnel Revolu­ (Aug.), 22 Used by Carnegie Tech Physicists," 13/11 tion' ," from William H. Kincaid, frolll "The Unfavorable Social Implications of G'lov') , 42 Dick II. UrJndon, 13/12 (Dec.), ') Automation," 13/12 (Dec.), 15

COMPUTERS and AUTOMA TION for January, 1965 27 "Commercial Application of Remote, On-Line "Computer Quotable," 13/3 (Mar,), 12 "Consolidated Systems Acquires International Data Processing," 13/7 (July), 40 Computer service center, "Honeywell EDP Commodities," 13/4 (Apr.), 43 "Common Memory DDP-24's Delivered by 3C," Opens CompLlter Service Center in Australia," ConstrLlction schedLlling, "Computer Programs 13/12 (Dec.), 58 13/2 (Feb.), 33 for Construction SchedLll ing." 13/5 (May). CommLlnication facilities, "Matching Communi­ "Computer Service for Motor Freight Industry," 59 cation Facilities to Data Processors," by . 13/12 (Dec.), 59 ConSUlting services, "Roster of Consulting M.A. Berk and C. F. Haugh, 13/10 (Oct.), "A Computer Sharing Plan at Work," by Patrick Services," 13/6 (June), 54 14 A. McKeown, 13/8 (Aug.), 20 "Container Corporation of America to Install Communications and data processing system, "Computer Shipments Reach $ 2. 25 Billion in Bunker-Ram:> lRW-340 System," 13/4 (Apr.), "Hayden, Stone to Install Real-Time Com­ 1963," 13/10 (Oct.), 47 42 munications and Data Processing System," "Til'" Computer Situation in Britain, Sunmer, "Contract Awarded Inform'ltics Inc. by Office 13/12 (Dec.), 57 1964," by R. H. Williams, 13/9 (Sept,), 24 of Naval Research," 13/7 (July), 40 "Communication System Connects Men with "Computer Swapping Compet it ion Grows," 13/4 "Contract Awarded to Electronic Engineering Atom," 13/10 (Oct,), 35 (Apr.), 11 Co.," 13/2 (Feb.), 31 Co.rununications systems, "General Electric's "Computer Sys tems Acquires Concord Control, "Contract Awarded UNIVAC for new Pentagon Proving Ground for Computer-Comm'lnications Inc. of Boston," 13/1 (Jan.), 31 Installation," 13/12 (Dec.), 56 Sys tems," by Lacy Goostree, 13/10 (Oct.), "Computer Sys tems, I nco Awarded Contract for "Contract for Automlted Addressing System," 27 Hybr id System," 13/11 (Nov.), 39 13/12 (Dec.), 56 Comoatibles-200, "GE-205, Fourth of Comptai­ "Computer Systems Institute Chosen for Train­ "Contract for $1.5 Million Awarded Consolida­ bIes-200," 13/8 (Aug,), 37 ing of Blind Computer Programllers," 13/12 ted Systems," 13/3 (Mar.), 39 Compa tibles-400, "GE-415 -- Fifth and (Dec.), 59 "Contract for Data Handling System," 13/11 Smlllest of Compatibles-400," 13/5 (May), Computer s ys terns performance, "Methods of (Nov.), 40 56 Eval uat ing Computer Systems Performance," "Contract from NASA for Analog-Digital Sys­ "The Compatibles-400", 13/1 (Jan.), 32 by Norman Statland, 13/2 (Feb.), 18 tem," 13/11 (Nov.), 40 "Complete D/ A Converter on PC Board," 13/4 "Computer System to Control All European "Contract over $2 Million Received by Beck­ (Apr.), 47 Production for Johnson's Wax," 13/10 (Oct.), mln," 13/12 (Dec.), 55 ComDonents -- SEE: "New Products" 39 Contracts -- SEE: "New Contracts" "Co:nponents," (in Annual Pictorial Report) , Computer technology and applica tions, "New "Contracts in Excess of $1 Million Awarded 13/12 (De::.), 50 Directions for Computer Technology and Ap­ to General Instrument Division," 13/12 "The Composer of Mus ic and the Computer," by plications ••• A. Long Range Prediction," (Dec.), 55 Albert Seay, 13/8 (Aug.), 16 by Donald F. Blumberg, 13/1 (Jan.), 8 "Control Data 340'J -- Newest of '3600 Family'" "Computer-Aided Teaching," 13/3 (Mar,), 16 "Computer to be Integral Part of Educational 13/4 (Apr.), 46 "Computer-Aided Technique Designs Advanced Program," 13/2 (Feb.), 33 Control Data: "Holley Computer Products and Linear Circuits," 13/5 (May), 49 "Computer Tutoring in Statistics," by Ralph Adcom Corporation AcqLlired by Control "Computer and 16 I/O Stations on Campus at E. Grubb and Lenore D. Selfridge, 13/3 Data," 13/8 (Aug.), 35 Dartmouth," 13/11 (Nov.), 40 (Mar.), 20 "Rabinow Engineering Acq~ired by Control "Computer Applications Posts Climb in Sales, "Computer Used to Create Electronic Model of Data," 13/2 (Feb.), 32 Earnings," 13/4 (Apr,), 51 Human Heart and Circulatory System," 13/2 "Control Data Acquires Bridge Incorporated," "Computer Art -- 1964 Contest," from L.M.D. (Feb.), 29 13/1 (Jan.), 30 Healy, 13/3 (Mar.), t! "Computer Users Groups -- Roster," 13/6 (June), "Control Data Acquires Computer Laboratories, Computer associations, "Roster of Computer 94 Inc.," 13/7 (July), 42 Associations," 13/6 (June), 92 "Computer Workshop for Civil Engineers," 13/10 "Control Data Acqlires Transacter Business "A Computer Builds Ships," 13/7 (July), 38 (Oct.), 42 from General Time Corporation," 13/5 Ollay) , "A Computer by Any Other Name •••• ," 13/5 "Computerized International Public Telegraph 5:3 (May) , lu Sys tem," 13/3 (Mar.), 38 "Control Data Announces Stock Spli t," 13/9 Computer centers: "GE Opening New Computer "Computerized Management Technique," 13/4 (Sept.), 44 Center," 13/2 (Feb,), 33 (Apr.), 48 "Control Data Awarded Follow-On Polaris COIl'­ "Iowa's New Computer Center Now Operation­ tract," 13/4 (Apr.), 41 aI," 13/10 (Oct,), 41 Computerology, "Archaeology, Computerology "Co~'ltrol Data H'lS Record Sales," 13/8 (1\ ug.) , "Roster of School, College, and University and Fut urology, 13/12 (Feb.), 7 44 Computer Centers," 13/6 (June), 85 "Computers, Automation, and Employment," -­ "Control Data Receives Polaris Submarine Ap­ Computer-communica t ions s ys tem, "Weyerhaeuser Discussion," by W. H. Mandel and the Edi­ plication Contract," 13/7 (July), 40 Company Na t ionwide Computer-Commun ica t ions tor, 13/2 (Feb.), 24 "Control Data Reports Record Revenues," 13/10 System," 13/10 (Oct,), 30 "Computers, Automation, and Society -- The (Oct.), 47 Computer Concepts, "CAl to Acquire Com;JUter Responsibilities of People," by R. W. Ret­ Control Data 3600, "German Weather Service Concepts," 13/10 (Oct.), 40 terer, 13/8 (Aug.), 8 Orders Control Data 36U0," 13/1 (Jan.), 28 "Computer Cons ul tant Firm Formed in Argen­ "Computers and Skills," by Edmund C. Berkeley, "Control Data 3C!J0 Air S hipped to Norway," tina," 13/3 (Mar.), 42 13/4 (Apr.), 7 13/9 (Sept.), 39 "Computer Control Delivers DDP-24 to LTV," "Computers and Thought," by Edmund C. Berke­ "Control Data 3600 to be Installed at Univ. 13/7 (July), 42 ley, 13/2 (Feb.), 6 of Wisconsin," 13/7 (July), 42 "Computer Control Rece i ves Order from Navy," "Computers a t the Fair," 13/2 (Feb.), 8 "Control Data 0030 Record Transmission Sys­ 13/8 (Aug.), 34 . "Computers at Yale University," 13/12 (Dec.), tem," 13/U (Aug.), 39 "Computer-Controlled Graphical Display: Its C!J "Control Flexibility Added to New CRT Display Appl icat ions and Market," by Dav id E. "Computers Fed Over IOU Years of Experience Sys tem," 13/10 (Oct.), 44 Weisberg, 13/5 (May), 29 to Assure Optimum Design," 13/4 (Apr.), 39 "Controlled Study of Evoked Brain-Wave Re­ Computer degree, "Trenton Junior College to "Computers in Education: A Reference Guide sponses," 13/1 (Jan.), 27 Offer Northeast's First Computer Degree," to Proj ects and Papers," by Dr. R.E. Packer, Converter: "Magnetic Tape-to-Computer Tape 13/5 (May), 55 13/3 (Mar.), 27 Converter," 13/8 (Aug.), 39 Computer deSign, "Considerations in Computer "Computers Provide Quality Controlled Car As­ "Paper-Tape/Magnetic-Tape Converter up to Des ign -- Leading up to a Computer Perform­ sembly at Chrysler Corporation," 13/7 (July), 150 Characters Per Second," 13/10 (Oct.), ing over 3,000,000 Instructions a Second 37 31 (Part 3 - Conclusion) ,It by James E. Thorn­ "Computers Schedule Classes, Keep Pupil Re­ "Cooperative Electronic Banking Service," ton, 13/1 (Jan.), 22 cords," 13/4 (Apr.), 39 13/3 (Mar.), 42 Computer displays, "New Component Expands "Computers Speed MIT Enrollment," 13/11 (Nov.), Core memory, "General Purpose Core Memory," Versatility of Computer Displays," 13/11 38 13/9 (Sept.), 41 (Nov.),48 "Computers to Help Refuel Jets," 13/9 (Sept.), "Core Memory, KD-5D3U," 13/3 (Mar.), 46 Computer Dynamics, ''NASA Headquarters Con­ 38 Corning, "Two New Glass Memories by Corning," tract to Computer Dynamics," 13/5 (May), 51 "Computing and Data Processing Newsletter" 13/10 (Oct.), 43 "Computer Keeps Track of Minor Traffic Viola­ -- SEE: "Across the Editor's Desk" "Covering the Capitol," 13/3 (Mar.), 11 tors," 13/9 (Sept,), 37 "Computing Centers": 13/1 (Jan.), 31; 13/2 "CP-667 Military Computer," 13/5 (May), 57 Computer Laboratories, Inc., "Control Data (Feb,), 33; 13/3 (Mar.), 42; 13/4 (Apr.), CPI, "North American Aviation Awards $330,000 Acquires Computer Laboratories, Inc. ',' 13/7 44; 13/5 (May), 54; 13/10 (Oct.), 41; 13/12 Contract to CPI for Computers," 13/4 (Apr.), (July), 42 (Dec.), 58 41 "The Computer: Let's Keep Our Fee t on the "Computing Industry to Ship $2 Billion in Pro­ CRAM, "Unilever Australia to use CRAM Order Ground," by Edmund C. Berke ley, 13/3 (Mar,), ducts in '64," 13/2 (Feb.), 39 Sys tem," 13/7 (J uly) , 42 7 Computing, long-distance, "Biometric Research Credi t control, "Automated Credi t Control," "Computer Monitors Operations for Cement Aided by Long-Dis tance Computing," 13/11 13/12 (Dec.), 62 (Nov.),39 Company," 13/3 (Mar,), 39 Cross, Charles R., "Advertising, Publicity "Computer Operations Standards," by Dick H. Concast, "lRW and Concast in Continuous Cast­ Releases, and Information Worth Publishing," Brandon, and Frederick Kirch, 13/9 (Sept.), ing Agreement," 13/1 (Jan.), 3U 13/2 (Feb.), 24 32 Concord Control Inc., "Computer Sys tems Ac­ CRT display sys tem, "Control F lexibil i ty Added "The Computer Personnel Revolution," by Dick quires Concord Control, Inc. of Boston," to New CRT Display System," 13/10 (Oct.), 44 13/1 (Jan.), 31 H. grandon, 13/t! (Aug.), 22 CSC: "Dept. of Defense Awards CSC Programming "Computer Planned Menus Meet Specific Nutri­ "Conference Held on Programmed Medical Instru­ Contract," 13/10 (Oct.), 37 . tional Requirements," 13/2 (Feb,), 29 ction," 13/8 (Aug.), 44 "Jet Propulsion Laboratory Awards Second "Computer Products Inc. Awarded Contract for "Conoco Installs Computer Autom'ltion System," Contract to CSC," 13/9 ,(S ept.) , 39 Mark T-SO Computer," 13/1 (Jan.), 29 13/1 (Jan.), 30 "JPL Awards CSC New Programming Contract," "Computer Programs for Banks," 13/1 (Jan.), 33 "Cons iderations in Computer Des ign -- Leading 13/8 (Aug.), 34 _ "Co.n:Juter Program for Bus iness Planning," up to a Computer Performing over 3,O'J0,OOO "M.O. Kappler Joins CSC," 13/2 (Feb.), 38 13/1 (Jan.), 34 Instructions a Second (Part 3--ConclusiorU ," "Personnel Records System Developed by CSC," "Computer Program for Complex SchedLlling by James E. Thornton, 13/1 (Jan.), 22 13/3 (Mar.), 45 T" sks," 13/2 (Feb,), 35 Consolidated Systems, "Contract for $1.5 Mil­ "U.S. Army Awards CSC Major Contract for "Computer Programs for Construction Schedul­ lion Awarded Consolidated Systems," 13/3 Life Cycle Management Sys tem," 13/10 i n\l," 13/5 (May), 59 (Mar.), 39 (Oct.) , -38

2H COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 "csc Awarded Litton Contract," 13/2 (Feb,), 31 "NRL Orders DDP-24 for Underwater Acoustic "DPMA 1964 Fall-Conference and Business Ex­ "csc Awarded 7 New Contracts Totaling Over Study, II 13/8 (Aug.), 33 position," 13/10 (Oct.), 46 $1 Mill ion," 13/1 (Jan.), 29 "Two DDP-24 Computers Delivered for Apollo "Draft Investigation Aided by Computer," 13/ "CSC Listed on American Stock Exchange," 13/3 Astronaut Trainer," 13/11 (Nov.), 40 12 (Dec.), 53 (Mar.), 42 "s ix DDP-24 Computers for Melpar Trainers," "DSA Absorbs Computer Systems Analysts," CSU, ''New Computer Study Offered at CSU," 13/4 (Apr.), 41 13/4 (Apr.), 43 13/11 (Nov.), 43 "DDP-24 Computer to Control Transit System," "Duluth, Minn. Bank Orders B270," 13/2 (Feb.), "cue Receives Contract from Manhattan Life," 13/11 (Nov.), 42 31 13/9 (Sept.), 38 "DDP-24 's Ordered by Army and by JPL," 13/10 "cue's Sales, Earnings Climb to New High," (Oct.), 40 "DDP-24 Ordered for Spacecraft Flight Equa­ !: EAI, "A~alog Simulation and Engineering 13/2 (F~b.), 40 Analysis Course Offered by EAI," 13/7 (July), "CULP I," ~3/1 (Jan,), 33 tions ," 13/5 (May), 50 "DDP-24 Ordered for Spark Chamber Automatic 44 "D1250 Magnetic Tape Degausser," 13/9 (Sept.), "EAI Aw'uded Contract for Hybrid System," Scanning System," 13/2 (Feb,), 31 42 DDP-1l6, "SC Introduces DDP-1l6," 13/10 (Oct.), 13/U (Aug,) , 34 -D/ A Converter, "Complete D/A Converter on PC "EAI TR-20 Analog Computer Sold to Trinity 43 Board," 13/4 (Apr.), 47 College," 13/5 (May), 51 "Decision Tables and Their Application," by D/A converters, "Packard Bell Computer Offers "Eastern Expansion Plans for Computer Scien­ Paul Dixon, 13/4 (Apr.), 14 Five New A/D Converters and Two D/A Con­ "Decisions That Limit Resoarces," by U. Thant, ces," 13/4 (Apr,), 43 verters," 13/2 (Feb,), 34 "The Economics of Lease vs. Rental of Compu­ 13/8 (Au~.) , 9 Dartmouth, "Co.nputer and 16 1/0 Stations on "Defense Communications Agency Awards Contract ters," by Robert Sheridan, 13/7 (July), 30 campus at Dartmouth," 13/11 (Nov,), 40 to Da ta trol," 13/7 (J uly) , 40 "Editing Device Speeds Correction of Perfor­ Data Collection -- SEE: "New Products" ated Tape," 13/8 (Aug.), 43 Degausser, "D125~ Magnetic Tape Degausser," "Data Comnunications and the 1964 Olympic Edi torial: "Access to Computers," by Edmund 13/9 (Sept.), 42 Games," 13/10 (Oct.), 26 "Del ta Air! ines First to Own Computer Con­ C. Berkeley, 13/9 (Sept.), 6 "Data Communications Round-Up," by Neil Mac­ "Computers and Skills," by Edmund C. Berke­ trolled Switching Network," 13/8 (Aug.), 32 donald, 13/10 (Oct.), 26 ley, 13/4 (Apr.), 7 Data com:nunications system, "Two-Way, Man­ DeNatale, Joseph S., "NOS(lAP," 13/2 (Feb.), 28 "Computers and Thought," by Edmund C. Ber­ Machine Data Communications System," 13/11 "Dept. of Defense Awards CSC Program:ning Con­ keley, 13/2 (Feb.), 6 (Nov.), 44 tract," 13/10 (Oct.), 37 "Forum on the Social Implications of Compu­ Data communications systems, "Small Scien­ "Deriving Maximum Utilization from Computer ters and Automation," by Edmund C. Ber­ tific Computers Versus Data Communications Tape," by George Armes, 13/11 (Nov.), 20 keley, 13/7 (July), 8 Systems in a Large Computer Environment," "Descriptions of General Purpose Digital Com­ "Organizations in the Computer Field, 1951 by Roger A. MacGowan, 13/2 (Feb.), 26 puters," 13/6 (June), 58 to 1964," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/6 "Data Transmitters and Converters," (in Design, "Artistic Design by Computer," by L. (June), 9 Annual Pictorial Report), 13/12 (Dec.) , 38 Mezei, 13/8 (Aug.), 12 "People Who Do Not Work," by Edmund C. "Dataguard," 13/9 (Sept,), 40 "Design of XB-70 Aided by Computer," 13/7 Berkeley, 13/8 (Aug.), 7 Data handling system, "Contract for Data (July), 39 "People Who Do Not Work Well," by Edmund Handling System," 13/ll (Nov.), 40 "Device Links Man in Field to Remote Compu­ C. Berkeley, 13/10 (Oct,), 6 Datamec, "Overseas Expansion Announced by ters," 13/5 (May), 58 "Programning: Science, Art or Language?," Datamec," 13/7 (July), 43 Dial-O-Verter, "Low-Cost Dial-O-Verter Punched by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/1 (Jan.), 6 "Data-Phone Data Transmitter Announced by Card Transmitters," 13/8 (Aug.), 39 "The Computer: Let I s Keep Our Feet on the Tally," 13/7 (July), 46 Digital -- SEE: ''New Products" Ground, tt by tdmund C. Berkeley, 13/3 "Data-Phone Service of Bell Telephone System," Digital-Analog -- SEE: ''New Products" (Mar,) , 7 13/10 (Oct,), 31 "Digital-Computer-Directed Control System "What Happens to the Quality and Character "Dataport, Self-Contained Code Converter," Delivered to AEP System," 13/10 (Oct.), 40 of an Intellectual Job When It Gets Mech­ 13/5 (May), 58 Digital computer, "Educational Digital Compu­ anized?," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/5 "Data Processing Cards and Forms Manufacturers ter," 13/11 (Nov.), 43 (May), 7 Assoc. ," 13/5 (May), 53 "Digital Computers," (in Annual Pictorial Re­ "Editorial," 13/12 (Dec.), 6 "Data Processing Center at the Indiana Reform­ port) , 13/12 (Dec,), 28 "Editorial," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/11 atory," by Roscoe E. Walls, 13/9 (Sept.), 10 Digital computers, "DeSCriptions of General (Nov,), 6 Data process ing courses, "Fall Schedule for Purpose Digital Computers," 13/6 (June), 58 "Editor's Scratchpad": 13/2 (Feb,), 7; 13/3 Data Process ing Courses Announced by Bran­ "Digital Data Display Systems: An Assessment," (Mar,), 11; 13/4 (Apr,), ll; 13/5 (May), 9; don Applied Systems," 13/10 (Oct.), 42 by Robert W, Johnson, 13/5 (May), 12 13/7 (July), 13; 13/8 (Aug.), 11; 13/12 "Data Processing Management Association," Digi tal Equipment Corp., "MIT's liNC Computer (Dec.), 11 from Donald Vogel, 13/ll (Nov.), 10 Offered by Digital," 13/11 (Nov.), 43 EDP equipment, "Used EDP Equipment," 13/7 "Data Processing Service Directory," 13/5 "Digital Forms Subs idiary in Sydney, Austra­ (July), 50 (May), 61 lia," 13/7 (July) , 42 Education and computing centers, "Honeywell "Data Processing Services Handled by B200 "Digital Introduces New Magnetic Tape Trans­ EDP Opens Three New Education and Computing System," 13/2 (Feb.), 32 port," 13/5 (May), 60 Centers," 13/12 (Dec.), 59 Data processing services, "Roster of Elec­ "Digital Ligh't Deflector," 13/4 (Apr.), 50 Education: "Computer to be Integral Part of tronic Computing and Data Process ing Ser­ Digital logic circuit, "Flip Flop Digital Educational Program," 13/2 (Fe".), 33 vices," 13/6 (June), 49 Logic Circuit," 13/2 (Feb,), 37 "Computers in Educat ion: A Reference Guide Data processing system, ''What Top Management Digital, "PDP-7 Announced by Digital," 13/7 to Projects and Papers," 13/3 (Mar.), 27 Should Expect from an Integrated Data Pro­ (July), 45 "The Role of Computers in Education," by ceslling System," by Harvey W. Protzel, Digitronics, "Low-Priced Digitronics Data Neil Macdonald, 13/3 (Mar.), 13 13/9 (Sept,), 12 Transmission System," 13/3 (Mar.), 45 "Education News": 13/1 (Jan,), 31; 13/2 Data processors, "Matching Communication Diode, ''New Diode, From Hughes Has Double­ (Feb.) I 33; 13/4 (Apr.), 45; 13/5 (May), 54; Facilities to Data Processors," by M.A. Glass Seal," 13/5 (May), 60 13/7 (July), 43; 13/8 (Aug.), 36; 13/10 Berk and C. F. Haugh, 13/10 (Oct.), 14 "Direct Digital Controllers from 3M," 13/11 (Oct.), 42: 13/11 (Nov.), 43: 13/12 (Dec.), "Data Transmission by Phone Shows Sharp Growth (Nov.), 46 59 in 1963," 13/2 (Feb,), 40 Directory, "Data Processing Service Directory," Educational, "Regional Computer Plan to Re­ 13/5 (May), 61 Data transmisSion, "Modular Terminai for Mag­ duce Educational Costs," 13/10 (Oct.), 41 netic Tape Data TransmisSion," 13/11 (Nov.), "'Directory Lists Amer ican Interests in UK," "Educational Digital Computer," 13/11 (Nov.), 13/7 (July) 50 46 43 "Disk Storage Coupler," 13/2 (Feb.), 37 "Eight Van Mounted DDP-24's Ordered for Anti­ Data transmission terminal, "Speeds to 240,000 Display, graphical, "Computer-Controlled Words Per Minute Capable wi th New Data Submarine Warfare Simulation," 13/8 (Aug.) I Graphical Display: Its Applications and 33 Transmiss ion Terminal," 13/5 (May), 58 Market," by David E. Weisberg, 13/5 (May), Data transmitter, "Low Cost Data Transmitter "Electric Tape Winder, Center-Feed Tape Un­ 29 winder," 13/11 (Nov.), 47 at 60 WPM," by Joseph L. Roller, 13/10 "Display System Pictorial Report," 13/5 (May), (Oct.), 30 "Electronic Computers in China I" by Florence 19 Data Transmitters and A/D Converters -- SEE: Luscomb, 13/10 (Oct.), 9 Display systems, "Digital Data Display Sys­ "New Products" Electronic computing, "Roster of Electronic tems: An Assessment," by Robert W. John­ "Datatrol Awarded Three NASA Contracts," 13/3 Computing and Data Processing Services," son, 13/S (May), 12 (Mar.), 40 13/6 (June), 49 Datatrol, "Defense Communications Agency Dixon, Paul, "Decision Tables and Their Ap­ Electronic data processing, "Some Effects of Awards Contract to Datatrol," 13/7 (July) , plication," 13/4 (Apr.), 14 Electronic Data Processing on Management 40 "DOC INC Receives contract to Convert Balti­ in Life Ins urance Companies," by Walter Data-vault, "Built-in Data-Vault," 13/2 more County Library System," 13/11 (Nov.), Klem, 13/12 (Dec.), 18 (Feb.),36 40 Electronic Engineering Co., "Contract Awarded "D-CAL," 13/3 (Mar.), 44 "DOC INC. Will Contribute to 'PREPARE'," to Electronic Engineering Co.," 13/2 (Feb.), DDI, "Orenstein Elected DDI President," 13/2 13/12 (Dec.), 58 31 (Feb.), 38 "Documentation Incorporated Awarded $)2 Million "Electronic Retina Character Reader, II 13/ll DDP-24: "3C Delivers DDP-24 to Duke Univer­ Contract for Cancer Data Processing," 13/4 (Nov.), 48 sity," 13/8 (Aug.), 35 (Apr.), 4U "Electronic Retina Systems to be Installed by "MI Orders Two DDP-24 Computers," 13/5 Donegan, James J., Calvin Packard and Paul Colorado Revenue Department, II 13/12 (Dec.), (May) , 52 Pashby, "A Real Time Computing System for 57 "Bell Labs Orders DDP-24 for Speech Proces­ Supporting Manned Space Flights," 13/10 "Electronics Co.nposition Technique," 13/4 sing," 13/10 (Oct.), 38 (Oct.), 22 (Apr.), 39 "Computer Control Delivers DDP-24 to LTV," '''Doorstep' Era in Computer Marketing Heral­ "Electronics Firm Purchased by Renwell Indus­ 13/7 (July), 42 ded," 13/5 (May), 62 tries," 13/7 (July) I 42 "Eight Van Mounted DDP-24's Ordered for Dosker, Nicholas H. Jr., "The Used Computer Electronic system, "Mortgage Company Installs Anti-Submarine Warfare Simulation," 13/8 Market: How IBM Shapes It," 13/7 (July), Electronic Sys tern to Speed Process ing," (Aug.), 33 23 13/2 (Feu.) I :I:!-

2!) COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 "Elm Farm Foods Co. to Install H200 System," dents and Teachers at FJCC 1964," 13/10 UNIVAC 490 with Teleregister Teller Net­ 13/11 (Nov,), 41 (Oct,), 46 work," 13/10 (Oct,), 39 "EMI Receives Contract for Satellite Memory," "Flip Flop Digital Logic Circuit," 13/2 "A Glossary of Droll Definitions COBAL -­ 13/4 (Apr,), 41 (Feb,), 37 Computerdom's One Basic Authorized Language," Employment, "Computers, Automation, and Em­ Florida school system, "RCA Computer Installed 13/5 (May), 38 ployment, -- Discussion," by W. H. Mandel to Streamline Florida School System," 13/11 "Goddard Space Center Awards Contract to and the Editor, 13/2 (Feb,), 24 (Nov,), 41 C-E-I-R," 13/12 (Dec.), 55 "Engel Named to New Post at Honeywell," "Florida Service Bureau Installs Burroughs Goddard Space Flight Center, "UNIVAC 1218 13/11 (Nov,), 49 B260," 13/1 (Jan.), 30 Installed at Goddard Space Flight Center," Engineering analys is course, "Analog Simula­ "Florida Turnpike Authority Will Use RCA 301 13/4 (Apr,), 41 tion and Engineering Analysis Course Of­ System," 13/11 (Nov,) 42 Harry Goode Memorial Award, "H.H. Aiken Re­ fered by EAI," 13/7 (July), 44 "Flow Chart Symbol Conventions Standard," ceives Harry Goode Memorial Award," 13/12 "Engineering and Construction Firm Installs from Vico E. Henriques, 13/12 (Dec,), 9 (Dec,), 63 GE-225," 13/10 (Oct.), 40 Ford, "Burroughs B200 Installed at Ford Di­ "B. F. Goodrich Footwear Orders RCA 3301 "Engineers' Computer Uses Famil iar Terms," vision," 13/2 (Feb,), 31 System," 13/11 (Nov.), 42 13/4 (Apr,), 46 Fort Monmouth, "GE 225 Installed at Fort Mon­ "B.F. Goodrich Installs H-400," 13/3 (Mar.), English Electric Group, "English Electric­ mouth," 13/3 (Mar.), 41 41 Leo Computers Ltd. Becomes Subsidiary With­ "Forum on the Social Implications of Computers Goostree, Lacy, "General Electric's Proving 1~ in the English Electric Group," 13/12 and Automation": 13/7 (Aug,), 8; 13/7 Ground for Co,nputer-Co,Thnunications Systems," ; : (Dec,), 58 (July), 8; 13/11 (Nov,), 9 13/10 (Oct.), 27 "English Electric-Leo Computers Ltd. Becomes "Fourteen RCA Computers to be Installed at "Government Report on Computer Applications," Subsidiary Within the English Electric Seven Strategic Centers," 13/7 (July), 41 13/9 (Sept.), 43 \1 Group," 13/12 (Dec,), 58 Foxboro, "Chass Brass Orders Foxboro Process "Government Spending for DP in Fiscal 1964 up Enrollment, "Computers Speed MIT Enrollment," Control Computer System," 13/11 (Nov,), 40 41% over 1963," 13/10 (Oct.), 47 '. 13/11 (Nov,), 38 "Friden 130 -- An Electronic Calculator," "GPS 100UO," 13/3 (Mar,), 44 "Establish Computer Sharing Exchange and 13/7 (July), 44 Grubb, Ralph E. and Lenore D. Selfridge, Service Center," 13/5 (May), 54 "Friden 6018 Magnetic Disc File," 13/7 (July) , "Computer Tutoring in Statistics," 13/3 Estler, Bill, "Fall Joint Computer Conference 48 (Mar,), 20 1964," 13/10 (Oct,), 9 "Front Cover Story," 13/2 (Feb.), 41 "GT&E Announces Receipt of $2 Million Army "European Electronics Firm Orders CDC 3600/ Futurology, "Archaeology, Computerology and Contract," 13/4 (Apr,), 40 3200 System," 13/5 (May), 51 Fut.urology," 13/2 (Feb,), 7 "GT&E Awarded Contract by Air Force of $34.5 "Examples, Understanding, and Computers," Million," 13/12 (Dec,), 55 , by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/12 (Dec,), 6 "Gul ton Industries to Build Data Transmiss ion "Executive Director of AFIPS is Appointed," G: "Dr. Andrew Gabor Elected VP of Potter System for Project Apollo," 13/1 (Jan,), 28 13/12 (Dec,), 63 - Instrument," 13/9 (Sept,), 43 "Expanded LP Code," 13/5 (May) , 59 Gas field, "Maj or U.S. Gas Field Def ined "Experimental Machine Recognizes Handwritten Electronically," 13/11 (Nov,), 37 .!!: H200. "Elm Farm Foods to Install H200 Sys­ Numbers," 13/5 (May), 59 "GE-205, Fourth of Compatibles-200," 13/8 tem, 13/11 (Nov.), 41 "Expert Predicts Low Demand for Engineers, (Aug,). 37 "First H-200 in N.Y.C. to be Installed by Scientists in 1964," 13/2 (Feb,), 39 GE-225: "Engineering and Construction Firm Discount Chain," 13/7 (July) , 41 "Eye and Ear Hospital to use Digital Compu­ Installs GE-225, " 13/10 (Oct,), 40 "Interstate Securities Installs H-200," ter," 13/8 (Aug,), 35 "High School Integrates GE-225 Into Data 13/12 (Dec.), 57 Eye research, "Use of Analog Computers Pro­ Processing Course," 13/5 (May), 55 "Superior Coach Will Install H-200," 13/7 mises Advances in Eye Research," 13/10 "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Installs GE- (July) , 41 (Oct,), 35 225 System," 13/5 (May), 51 "H-300, Sixth System in Line," 13/7 (July), 45 "Uni v. of Calif. Installs GE-225 Computer," H-40U: "AD Service Firm Installs H-400," 13/1 (Jan.), 30 13/2 (Feb,), 32 F: Fabri-Tek, "'Read Only' Memory System by "GE-225 Computer System to Aid in Highway and "B.F. Goodrich Installs H-400," 13/3 (Mar.), - Fabri-Tek," 13/1 (Jan,), 34 Bridge Design," 13/4 (Apr,), 42 41 "Fabri-Tek Makes Stock Offering," 13/8 (Aug,), "GE 225 Installed at Fort Monmouth," 13/3 "H-&)Q & H-4UO Gift to USC by Honeywell," 44 (Mar,), 41 13/5 (May), 54 "Fabri-Tek Permieres New Memory Concepts at GE-415: "Auto Club of Missouri to Install "H-400 Systems For -- Nippon Tel & Tel, Al­ FJCC," 13/11 (Nov,), 44 GE-415." 13/7 (July), 41 buquerque Division of ACF, Van Camp Sea Fair: "Computers at the Fair," 13/2 (Feb.), "First GE-415 Installed," 13/8 (Aug.), 34 Food, 13/1 (Jan,), 29 8 ''New Jersey Bank Orders GE-415," 13/12 H-800: "Book-of-the-Month Club Buys H-800," "More Computers at the Fair," 13/5 (May), 50 (Dec,), 57 13/10 (Oct,), 38 Fall Joint Computer Conference, "Invited "Shoe Manufacturer to Install GE-415," "Wall Street Firm Installs ri-800," 13/2 Short Papers on Social Implications for the 13/10 (Oct,), 40 (Feb'), 32 Fall Joint Computer Conference," 13/c "GE-415 -- Fifth and Smallest of Compatibles- "H-800 & H-400 Gift to USC by Honeywell," (Sept,), 9 400," 13/5 (May), 56 13/5 (May), 54 "Fall Joint Computer Conference 1964," by GE: "Agreement Signed by GE & Andersen Labs.," "H-2200 Announced -- Honeywell EDP Family Bill Estler, 13/10 (Oct,), 9 13/5 (May), 53 Grows," 13/8 (Aug,), 37 ''Fall Schedule for Data Processing Courses "Brochure Offered by GE," 13/2 (Feb.), 38 Harder, Dr. E.L., "AFIPS Names Dr. E.L. Har­ Announced by Brandon Applied Systems," "RR Management Cons ul tant Appointed by GE," der," 13/10 (Oct,), 46 13/10 (Oct,), 42 13/2 (Feb,), 38 Haugh, C.F., and M.A. Berk, "Matching Commu­ "Fare Collection and Ticket Validation Sys­ "G-E Announces LoW Cost Positioning Control," nication Facilities to Data Processors," tern," 13/8 (Aug,), 32 13/10 (Oct,), 43 13/10 (Oct,), 14 Farrand, "Olivetti/Farrand Agreement," 13/2 "GE Compatibles-bOO," by Patrick J. McGovern, "Hayden, Stone to Install Real-Time Communi­ (Feb,), 32 13/8 (Aug.), 20 cations and Data Processing System," 13/12 ''Farrington Mfg. Co. Receives $1 Million Con­ "GE Introduces New Tape Transports," 13/8 (Dec,), 57 tract," 13/2 (Feb,), :?D (Aug,), 42 Heads, computer, "Metal Tape for Protection FCC, "UNIVAC III Used by FCC to Issue licen­ "GE, Machines Bull Announce Agreement," 13/9 of Computer Heads," 13/5 (May), 61 ses," 13/4 (Apr,), 43 (Sept,), 40 Healey, L.M.D., "Computer Art--1964 Contest," "Ferranti Awarded $1 Million Contract for "GE Opening New Computer Center," 13/2 (Feb.), 13/3 (Mar,), 8 Electronic Quotation Board," 13/8 (Aug,), 33 ' Heart, "Computer Used to Create Electronic 33 Gemini, "Astronauts 'Fly' Gemini Missions in Model of Human Heart and Circulatory Sys­ Ferroxcube, "The 52.02 Memory System by IBM Simulator," 13/1 (Jan,), 28 tem," 13/2 (Feb,), 29 Ferroxcube," 13/11 (Nov,), 44 "General Electric's Proving Ground for Compu­ Heart diagnos is, "Northwestern Engineers Use "The 52.02 Memory System by Ferroxcube," ter-Communica tions Systems," by Lacy Goos­ Computer in Heart" Diagnosis," 13/12 (Dec.), 13/11 (Nov,), 44 tree, 13/10 (Oct.), 27 53 FUm reader, "PFR-2 Film Reader 'Understands General Instrument DiviSion, "Contracts in HeUborn, George H., "The Used Computer Mar­ What It Sees''', 13/10 (Oct,), 44 Excess of $1 Million Awarded to General ket -- 1964: A Broker's View," 13/7 (July), "F ilm Reading Service Offered by 1. 1. 1. , " Instrument Division," 13/12 (Dec,), 55 22 13/8 (Aug,), 38 "General Kinetics Doubles Annual Sales," Hein, Harry R., "Comments on 'People Who Do "Finding the Right Man for the Right Job," 13/10 (Oct,), 47 Not Work Well' ," 13/12 (Dec.), 25 13/8 (Aug,), 39 "General Purpose Core Memory," 13/9 (Sept,), Henriques, Vico E., ''F low Chart Symbol Con­ "Walter W. Finke Elected Chlirman," 13/12 41 ventions Standard," 13/12 (Dec.), 9 (Dec,), 63 General Time Corporation, "Control Data Ac­ "High School Integrates GE-225 Into Data Pro­ "First 1604-A Computer System Delivered to quires Transacter Business from General cess ing Course," 13/5 (May), 55 Germ,3ny," 13/5 (May), 51 Time Corporation," 13/5 (May), 53 "High Speed Perforator, " 13/1 (Jan.), 34 "First ASI 2100 Installed," 13/2 (Feb,), 31 General Precis ian, "U.S. Air Force Contract "Holley Computer Products and Adcom Corpora­ "First Computer Course for Freshmen in a Awarded to General Precision," 13/4 (Apr,), tion Acquired by Control Data," 13/8 (Aug,). School of Engineering in Argentina," by 41 35 Prof. Ing. Horacio C. Reggini, 13/9 (Sept,) "General Precision to Produce Third 473L Data­ 'Honeywell 200: "Japanese Broadcasting Firm 9 Processing System," 13/2 (Feb.), 30 Orders Two Honeywell 200's," 13/10 (Oct.), "First GE-415 Installed," 13/8 (Aug,), 34 "General Purpose Print Reader," 13/2 (Feb,), 39 "First H-:ll) in N.Y.C. to be Installed by 36 "PHH to Install Honeywell 200," 13/11 (Nov.), Discount Chlin," 13/7 (July), 41 "General Telephone Income Exceeds $10::> Mil­ 42 "F irst SDS 930 Delivered," 13/8 (Aug,), 35 lion," 13/2 (Feb.), 40 Honeywell 140U, "So. Cal. Blue Cross Installs "500th NCR 390 Series Installed in Philadel­ "Germ.ln Aircraft Company Orders Mark III," Honeywell 1400 System," 13/8 (Aug,), 35 ph ia lIa nk," 13/7 (J uly) , 42 13/5 (May), 50 Honeywell: "Aerospace Computer Family by "r i vc Step Program Proposed to Increase "German Weather Service Orders Control Data Honeywe 11," 13/3 (Mar.), 43 Prof it from Computer Use," 13/5 (May) , 62 3600," 13/1 (Jan,), 28 "Engel Named to New Post at Honeywell," FJCC, "Special Orientation Program for Stu- "Glendlle Federal Savings & Loan to Install 13/11 (Nov.), 49

30 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 "Minneapolis-Honeywell Plans to Shorten "IBM System/36O Model 92," 13/10 (Oct.), 43 Johnson's wax, "Computer System to Control Name to Honeywell Inc •• " 13/5 (May). 5~ "IBM Tele-Processing System Installed by all European Production for Johnson's Wax," "lBAF Orders Eight EDP Systems from Honey­ Bostwich-Braun," 13/11 (Nov.), 42 13/10 (Oct,), 39 well." 13/12 (Dec.). 56 "IBM Te1e-Processing System Will Score Winter "JPL Awards CSC New Programming Contract," "Honeywell Earnings Rise in Half." 13/9 Olympics in Innsbruck this Month," 13/1 13/8 (Aug.), 34 (Sept.). 44 (Jan.), 26' "JPL Contract to Systems Programming Corp.," "Honeywe 11 EDP Enters Small Computer Market "IBM Translator Converts 1400 Series RPG Pro­ 13/1 (Jan.), 29 with Honeywell 200.·.. 13/1 (Jan.), 32 grams to System/36O Language," 13/8 (Aug.), "Honeywell EDP Gets Contract from Army," 40 13/2 (Feb.). 31 ICT, "Potter Instrument Awarded $1 Million !: KD-5030, "Core Memory, KD-5030," 13/3 "Honeywe1·1 EDP Opens Computer Service Center PI us Contract by ICT," 13/7 (July), 39 (Mar.), 46 in Australia." 13/2 (Feb.), 33 "IEEE Merges Computer Activit ies," 13/8 (Aug.), KD-5040, "Model KD-5040 Data Transmitter," "Honeywell EDP Opens Three New Education and 35 13/1 (Jan.). 32 Computing Centers." 13/12 (Dec.), 59 IFIP, "Off icial Call for Symposia Papers for "Keeping One's 'Feet on the Ground' and Com­ "Honeywell Enlarges EDP Marketing Staff," IFIP Congress 65," 13/3 (Ma-.:.) , 9 puters," by Otis Minot and the Editor," 13/11 (Nov.), 49 1.1.1.: "Auto:natic Film Reader Delivered by 13/5 (May), 0 "Honeywell Estimates $100 Million in 1964 EDf 1. 1. 1. ." 13/3 (Mar.), 40 Keyboard, "Multi-Purpose Keyb:>ard can Trans­ Shipments." 13/5 (May), 62 'T ilm Reading Service Offered by 1. 1. 1. ," mit Data for any Type of BUSiness," 13/10 "Honeywell Gets $3 Million in Computer Orders 13/8 (Aug.), 38 (Oct,), 27 from Australia." 13/5 (May), 52 "I. I. I. Orders DDP-24 for Nuclear Event Film "Keydata Corporation Names Ern.nons to High "Honeywell Opens European Sales Office in Reading," 13/9 (Sept.), 39 Post," 13/10 (Oct.), 46 Germany." 13/4 (Apr.). 43 Index, Jan., 1963 to Dec., 1963, 13/1 (Jan.), "Kimball High-Speed Reader," 13/2 (Feb.), 35 "Honeywell Research Lab to be Located in B2 Kincaid, William H., "Comments on 'The Compu­ Bos ton," 13/5 (May). 53 I ndiana Reformatory, "Data Process ing Center ter Personnel Revolution'," 13/12 (Dec.) 9 "How Many Openings for Skilled Workers?" by at the Indiana Reformatory," by Roscoe E. "Kindergarten Youngs ters Learn to Read by , A.E. Hunter. 13/10 (Oct.), 9 Walls, 13/9 (Sept.), 10 Machine," 13/8 (Aug.), 36 "How to Think About The New Computer Series "Industrial Computer System," 13/7 (July), 45 Kirch, Frederick, and Dick H. Brandon: "Com­ from IBM," 13/3 (Mar.), 11 Informatics Inc., "Contract Awarded Informa­ puter Operation Standards," 13/9 (Sept.), "HR-100-1 XY Recorder," 13/3 (Mar.). 46 tics Inc., by Office of Naval Research," 32 Hughes. "New Diode from Hughes Has Doub1e­ 13/7 (July) , 40 "Performance Standards," 13/7 (July) 33 Glass Seal," 13/5 .(May), 60 "Informatics Inc. Elects Lohen," 13/11 (Nov.), "Standards for Co:nputer Programming. ,', Part Hunter. A.E., "How Many Openings for Skilled 49 I, 13/4 (Apr.), 20 Workers?" 13/10 (Oct.), 9 "Informatics Inc. Receives Contract from Alex­ "Stand:uds for Computer Prograrn.-ning," Part Hybrid computer. "Adage 770 Hybrid Computer andria, Va.," 13/1U (Oct.), 38 2, 13/5 (May). 22 Linkage System." 13/2 (Feb.), 34 "InformOitics Inc. Receives Contract from Rome Klem, Walter, "Some Effects of Electronic "Hybrid Computers." (in Annual Pictorial Re­ Air Development Center," 13/11 (Nov,), 40 Data Processing on Management in Life In­ port). 13/12 (Dec.), 36 "Information Distribution Systems," 13/4 surance Co,npanies," 13/12 (Dec.), 18 (Apr.), 49 "Korvette Signs Contract with C-E-I-R, Inc.," "Hybrid Computing System for Scientists. 13/4 (Apr.), 40 Engineers." 13/8 (Aug.), 38 Information interchange, "Character Recog,:'" Hybrid data process ing, "ADA Converter System nition, Information Interchange Headed for "Kuwait Importing Firm Installs NCR 390 Sys­ tern," 13/5 (May), 51 for Hybrid Data Processing Field." 13/3 World Standardization," 13/7 (July), 50 (Mar.). 45 Information processing, "Carnegie Institute Hybr id system: "Computer Systems. Inc. Has Center for Study. of Information Proces­ Awarded Contract for Hybrid System," sing," 13/12 (Dec.), 58 .1: L-201O: "On-Line Plotting Cap3bility 13/11 (Nov.), 39 Information Retrieval -- SEE: "New Products" ~~ded to L-2010 Computer," 13/10 (Oct.), "EAI Awarded Contract for Hybrid System." InformHion syste!ll, "A Command Control Informa­ 13/8 (Aug.), 34 tion System for the Field Army,"by David "u. S. Navy Orders L-201O Computer," 13/9 (Sept.>, 39 HYDAC, "Air Force Contract for 'HYDAC' Com­ Weisberg, 13/11 (Nov.), 26 puting System." 13/1 (Jan.), 28 Input-Output -- SEE: "New Products" Language, "Programming: Science, Art or Input/Output equipment, "A Survey of Input/ Language?," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/1 Output Equipment," 13/7 (July), 16 (Jan.), 6 1.: IBM: "Chicago-Based Publisher to be Af­ "Input-Output Equipment," (in Annual Pictorial Laser, "Beam of Light from Laser Drills Micro- filiated with IBM." 13/2 (Feb.), 32 Report). 13/12 (Dec.). 41 scopic Holes in Metal," 13/8 (Aug.), 41 "How To Thinit About The New Computer Series Installations -- SEE: "New Installations" "LC-820 Digital Computer," 13/5 (May), 56 From IBM," 13/3 (Mar.). 11 "Insurance Company to Install IBM 1440." "LDX Transmiss ion System," 13/7 (July), 46 ''New IBM Unit Scans Cash Register Tapes for 13/12 (Dec.), 57 Lear Siegler, "Beckman Receives Contract for Fast Computer Processing." 13/7 (July), "Integrated Circuit Test System with Magnetic $1 Million Plus from Lear Siegler," 13/8 49 Disc Prograrn.ning," 13/8 (Aug.) 41 (Aug.), 33 "UCB Installs IBM Computing and .Te1eproces­ Interface sys tem, "Analog-to-Digi tal Inter­ Lease, "The Economics of Lease vs. Rental of sing Equipment." 13/4 (Apr.), 42 face System," 13/4 (Apr.). 47 Computers," by Robert Sheridan, 13/7 (July), "The Used Computer Market: How IBM Shapes "Internal Processing Speed of IBM 7044 In­ 30 It." by Nicholas H. Dosker. Jr., 13/7 creased," 13/5 (May), 56 Leeds & Northrup, "Australia Orders On-Line (July). 23 International Commodities, "Consolidated Sys­ Power Plant Digital Computer from Leeds & "14 IUM Computers Now Compatible With System/ tems Acquires International Commodities," Northrup," 13/10 (Oct.), 38 360." 13/12 (Dec.).: 6U 13/4 (Apr.). 43 "Legal Research by Computer," 13/1 (Jan.), 27 "IBM 1026 Transmission Control Device." 13/ "Interstate Securities Installs H-20u," 13/12 "Legal Research in the Future," 13/7 (July), 11 (Nov.). 46 (Dec.), 57 38 "IBM 1050 Data Communications Device up to "Introduction to PERT Cost," 13/12 (Dec.), 63 "Lehigh University Expanding Graduate Program 148 WPM." 13/10 (Oct.). 30 "Invited Short Papers on Social Implications to Train Information Scientists," 13/4 "IBM 1094 Line Entry Terminal," 13/4 (Apr.), for the Fall Joint Computer Conference," (Apr.), 45 46 13/9 (Sept.), 9 "Lenkurt Electric Receives Navy Contract," IBM 14uu "Two CPM Programs for IBM Series Iowa, "SUI Depository for Iowa Public Opinion 13/9 (Sept.>, 38 Computers." 13/1 (Jan.). 33 Polls," 13/12 (Dec.), 60 Letter sorting machines, "Burroughs to Pro­ IBM 1401 •. "Colorado State Installs IBM 1401." "Iowa's New Computer Center Now Operational," duce Letter Sorting Machines," 13/11 (Nov.), 13/11 (Nov.), 41 13/10 (Oct.), 41 39 IBM 1410. "University of Missouri School of "IPS AppOinted Broker for Alwac Computer Sys­ "£FE Receives R&D Contracts for MagnetiC Medicine Installs IBM 1410." 13/5 (May). 52 tems," 13/3 (Mar.), 42 DeVices," 13/9 (Sept.), 38 IBM 144U: "Insurance Company to Install IBM "IRS orders Ten H-200's for Tax Processing," Library system, "DOC INC Receives Contract to 1440." 13/12 (Dec.). 57 13/12 (Dec.), 58 Convert Baltimore County Library System," ''Municipal Retirement Fund Installs IBM Italian appliance manufacturer. "NCR 315 In­ 13/11 (Nov.), 40 1440." 13/9 (Sept.). 39 stalled by Italian Appliance Manufacturer," LINC, "MIT's LINC Computer offered by Digi­ IBM 7040. "Linguistics Research Center Installs 13/11 (Nov.), 41. tal," 13/11 (Nov.), 43 IUM 7040." 13/3 (Mar.). 40 Itek. "Canadian Subsidiary Formed by Itek." Linear circuits, "Computer-Aided Technique IBM 7044. "Internal Processing Speed of IBM 13/9 (Sept.), 40 . DeSigns Advanced Linear Circuits," 13/5 7044 Increased." 13/5 (May). 56 "ITT Associate Offers PERT Cost Manual," (May), 49 "IUM 7700 Data Acquisition System." 13/1 13/12 (Dec.), 63 "Linguistics Research Center Installs IBM (Jan.). 33 "ITT Division to Supply Trans World Airlines 7040," 13/3 (Mar.), 40 "IUM Computer Program Gives Security Analysts wi th ADX System," 13/7 (July), 39 "Link Receives NASA Contract for Space Data Wider Market View." 13/7 (July). 47 "ITT S ales Set Record," 13/11 (Nov.), 49 Handling System," 13/5 (May), 50 "lBM Earnings up 2'1'''.'' 13/9 (Sept.). 44 "ITT Sets Record Highs First Nine Months; 1963," LISP, "The Programming Language LISP: An "IlJ..\1 Olympic Datacenter." 13/10 (Oct.). 37 13/1 (Jan.), 35 Introduction and Appra isal," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/9 (Sept.), 16 Hn.! s Imula tor. liAs trona uts 'F ly' Gemini Mis- Litton, "CSC Awarded Litton Contract," 13/2 sions in IBM Simulator." 13/1 ,(Jan.), 28 l: James, Glennon J •• "Planning a Communica­ (Feb.), 31 IU" System/36O: "Men's Fashion'Firm'Orders tion-Based Management Information System," "L & N' s Earnings Up," 13/2 (Feb J , 40 IBM Systeml360 Computer," 13/7 (July), 39 13/10 (Oct,), 20 "A Look at High-Speed Printers," by Norman "~licroe1ectronic Circuitry of the IBM Sys­ "Japanese Broadcasting Firm Orders Two Honey­ Stat land, 13/11 (Nov.), 14 tem/36O," 13/5 (May), 37 well 200's," 13/10 (Oct.), 39 "Low Cost Data Transmitter at 60 WPM." by "SCI']!T Program Now Includes All Models of "Jet Propulsion Laboratory Awards Second Con­ Joseph L. Roller, 13/10 (Oct.), 30 IBM System/36O," 13/7 (July), 47 tract to CSC." 13/9 (Sept.), 39 "Low-Cost Dial-0-Verter Punched Card Trans­ "Score of IBM System/360's to be Leased by Jets. "Computers to Help Refuel Jets." 13/9 mitters," 13/8 (Aug.), 39 Paper Company," 13/8 (Aug.), 35 (Sept.) , 38 "Low-Priced Digitronics Data Transmission "The Ill" System/36O," by Neil Macdonald," Johnson, Robert W•• "Digital Data Display System," 13/3 (Mar.), 45 13/5 (May), .32 Systems: An Assessment," 13/5 (May), 12 "LT/FM Hecorders,~' 13/5 (May), 60

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January. 1965 31 Memories, "Two New Glass Memories by Corn­ 13/3 (Mar,), 40 LTV, "Computer Control Delivers DDP-24 to "Link Receives NASA Contract for Space DatJ LTV," 13/7 (July), 42 ing," 13/10 (Oct.), 43 "Memories," (in Annual Pictorial Report) , Handling System," 13/5 (May), 50 "LTV Military Electronic Division Receives "RCA Awarded $27 Million Contract from NASA 13/12 (Dec.), 44 ASI Computer," 13/7 (July), 41 for 19 Computer Systems,'" 13/10 (Oct,), Luscomb, Florence, "Electronic Computers in Memory, ''NCR Announces First Use of a Thin­ Film Main Memory in Business Computer," 38 China," 13/10 (Oct.), 9 "Telecomputing Services Awarded Contract 13/8 (Aug,), 40 for $1.3 Million by NASA," 13/8 (Aug,), 34 Memory concepts, "Fabri-Tek Premieres New "3C Computer System Ordered by NASA," 13/10 ,M.: Macdonald, Neil, "Data COlI1nunications Memory Concepts at FJCC," 13/11 (Nov.), 44 "Memory Exerciser, SSE-2000," 13/5 (May), 61 (Oct,), 38 Round-Up," 13/10 (Oct,), 26 "NASA Awards Multi-Million Contract to Collins Memory system, ''New Small Scale Memory Sys­ "The IBM System/36O," 13/5 (May), 32 Radio," 13/8 (Aug.), 34 "The Role of Computers in Educat ion," tem," 13/7 (July), 48 "NASA Contract for $1.5 Mill ion Awarded SDS," "Men's Fashion Firm Orders IBM System/36O 13/3 (Mar J, 13 13/9 (Sept.), 38 "Teaching l.hchines and Programmed Learning Computer," 13/7 (July), 39 ''NASA Contract Won by Computer Applications," Roster of Organizations and 'What they Menus, "Computer Planned Menus Meet Specific Nutritional Requirements," 13/2 (Feb,), 29 13/3 (Mar,), 40 are Doing," 13/3 (Mar,), 30 "NASA Headquarters Contract to Computer Dy­ MacGowan, Roger A., "Small Scientific Compu­ "Mergers Signal Increased C~lI1'1litment to. the " Computer Field for Two MaJ or CorporatIOns, nami cs," 13/5 (May), 51 ters Versus Data Comnunications Systems in ''NASA Orders Fourth Honeywell Computer for a Large Computer Environment," 13/2 (Feb.), 13/7 (July), 14 Sat urn Program," 13/3 (Mar.), 41 "Message Writing at a Distance," 13/11 (Nov,), 26 ''National Library of Medicine Installs Com­ Machines Bull, "GE, Machines Bull' Announce 46 "Metal Tape for Protection of Computer Heads," puter-Dri ven Phototypesetter," 13/9 (Sept.) Agreement," 13/9 (Sept.), 40 39 "Machine Language Translation Contracts Awar­ 13/5 (May), 61 Meter reading, "Automatic Meter Reading," ''Navy Worldwide Operations to be Controlled ded to Bunker-Ramo," 13/12 (Dec.), 56 by UNIVAC 49O·s," 13/1 (Jan.), 30 13/12 (Dec.), 62 "Madden Joins ACM as Executive Director," NCR, "z ip Code Reader to be Developed by 13/10 (Oct.), 46 "1.1ethods of E'valuating Computer Systems Per­ NCR," 13/1 (Jan.), 29 MADs, "Magnetic Mul ti-Aperture Devices (MADs)," formance," by Norman Statland, 13/2 (Feb.), "NCR 315 Installed by Italian Appliance Manu­ 13/4 (Apr.), 49 18 facturer," 13/11 (Nov.), 41 Magnetic disc file, "Friden 6018 Disc File," Mezei, L., "Artistic Design by Computer," NCR 390: "500th NCR 390 Series Installed in 13/7 (July), 48 13/8 (AugJ, 12 Philadelphia Bank," 13/7 (Julyl, 42 Magnetic disc program,ning, "Integrated Cir­ "Microdensitometer System," 13/8 (Aug.), 42 "Kuwait Importing Firm Installs NCR 390 cuit Test System with Magnetic Disc Pro­ "Microelectronic Circuitry of the IBM System/ System," 13/5 (May), 51 gramming," 13/8 (Aug.), 41 360," 13/5 (May), 37 "NCR 395 -- Electronic Accounting System," "Magnetic Mul ti-Aperture Devices (MADs)," Microfilm printer, "S-C 4400 -- Microfilm 13/8 (Aug.), 36 13/4 (Apr.), 49 Printer," 13/11 G'lov') , 47 "NCR Announces First Use of a Thin-Film Main Magnetic tape converter, "Paper Tape to "Microfilm Reader-Printer," 13/7 (July), 48 Memory in Bus iness Computer," 13/8 (Aug.), Magnetic Tape Converter," 13/7 (July) , 47 "MI/DAC Processing," 13/12 (Dec,), 61 40 "Magnetic Tape Recorder Eliminates Punch Miles, James G., "Monthly Computer Census -­ ''NCR Gives Computer Classes for Area High Cards, Paper Tape," 13/4 (.l\.pr.), 49 Suppression of Information," 13/3 (Mar,), School Students," 13/1 (Jan.), 31 "Magnetic Tape Recording," 13/2 (Feb.), 38 8 ''NCR Negotiating for AcquiSition of Business "Magnetic Tape-to-Computer Tape Converter," "Militarized Perforated Tape Reader/Spooler," Forms Company," 13/12 (Dec,), 58 13/8 (Aug.), 39 13/11 (Nov.), 47 ''NCR Opens New Data Center Facilities -- More "MAl Acquires Assets of Chicago Leasing Firm," "Minneapolis-Honeywell Plans to Shorten Name Due Over Next 16 Months," 13/7 (July), 43 13/10 (Oct.), 41 to Honeywell Inc.," 13/5 (May), 52 ''NCR's 1963 Sales Set Record for Ninth Straight "MAIL," 13/9 (Sept J, 41 Minot, Otis, and the Editor, "Keeping One's Year," 13/4 (Apr.), 51 Mail handling system, "Bunker-Ramo Computer 'Feet on the Ground' and Computers," 13/5 "NCR's 6-Month Sales up 13";6," 13/9 (Sept.), 44 System to be Part of Mechanized Mail Hand­ (May), 8 NCR System, ''Netherlands Governmental Savings ling System," 13/12 (DecJ, 55 "M.I.T. Science Lab Installs Second PDP-I," Bank to Install NCR System," 13/12 (Dec.), "Major U.S. Gas Field Defined Electronically," 13/11 (Nov.), 42 57 13/11 (Nov'), 37 "MIT's LINC Computer Offered by Digital," "NDC-lOOO -- Airborne General Purpose Compu­ Management: "Some Effects of Electronic 13/11 (Nov.), 43 ter," 13/8 (Aug.), 37 Data Process ing on Management in Life MOBIUB vehicles, "Air Force Contract for ''Netherlands Governmental Savings Bank to Insurance Companies," by Walter Klem, Two OalLAB Vehicles," 13/12 (Dec,), 55 Install NCR System," 13/12 (Dec.), 57 13/12 (Dec,), 18 "Model KD-5040 Data Transmitter," 13/1 (Jan,), New Applications -- SEE also "Applications" "What Top Management Should Expect from an 32 "New Applications": 13/1 (Jan.), 27; 13/2 Integrated Data Processing System," by "Modern Optical DeSign," 13/8 (Aug,), 44 (Feb.), 29; 13/3 (Mar.), 37; 13/4 (Apr.); Harvey W. Protzel, 13/9 (Sept J, 12 Modern Woodmen of America, "I1UVAC III De­ 39; 13/5 (May), 49; 13/7 (July), 37; 13/8 Management information system, "Planning a livered to Modern Woodmen of America," (Aug,) , 31; 13/9 (Sept.), 37 Communication-Based Management Information 13/3 (Mar,), 41 "New Computer Center Formed at Colorado System," by Glennon J. James, 13/10 (Oct,), "Modular Terminal for Magnetic-Tape Data School of Mines," 13/12 (Dec.), 59 20 Transmission," 13/11 (Nov.), 46 ''New Component Expands Versatility of Compu­ "Management Operating Syst8m (MOS) for Tex­ "M.O. Kappler Joins CSC," 13/2 (Feb.), 38 ter Displays," 13/11 (Nov.), 48 tile Finishing," 13/4 (Apr,), 48 Monrobot XI: "Coffee Dan's to Install Mon­ ''New Computer-Controlled Data System from Mandel, W. H., "Computers, Automation, and robot XI," 13/4 (Apr,), 41 PB," 13/7 (July), 44 Employment, -- Discussion," 13/2 (Feb,), 24 "Programs for the Monrobot XI," 13/5 (May), ''New Computer Look-Ahead," 13/5 (May), 10 Manha ttan Life, "CUC Receives Contract from 59 ''New Computer Study Offered at CSU," 13/11 Manha t tan Life," 13/9 (Sept.), 38 "Monsanto Orders Prodac 50," 13/7 (July), 40 (Nov.), 43 Map preparation, "Automated Map Preparation," "Montana's Largest Commercial Computer Center ''New Contracts": 13/1 (Jan.), 28; 13/2 13/10 (Oct.), 45 Established by Bancorporation," 13/5 (May), (Feb,), 30; 13/3 (Mar.), 39; 13/4 (Apr.), "Mariner Mars 1964 -- Central Computer and 54 40; 13/5 (May) , 50; 13/7 (July) , 39; 13/8 Sequencer," 13/12 (Dec.), 54 "Monthly Computer Census": 13/1 (Jan.), 36; (Aug.), 33; 13/9 (Sept.), 38; 13/10 (Oct.), Mark III: "German Aircraft Company Orders 13/2 (Feb.), 42; 13/3 (Mar.), 50; 13/4 37; 13/11 (Nov.), 39; 13/12 (Dec.), 55 Mark III," 13/5 (May), 50 (Apr.), 52; 13/5 (May), 6.1; 13/7 (July) , 52; ''New Corporation Formed by SCM, Taller & "University of Karlsruhe Orders Mark III," 13/8 (Aug.), 46; 13/9 (Sept.), 46; 13/10 Cooper," 13/3 (Mar.), 42 13/4 (Apr,), 42 (Oct.), 48; 13/11 (Nov.), 50; 13/12 (Dec.), ''New Diode From Hughes Has Double-Glass Seal," Mark T-50, "Computer Products Inc. Awarded 64 13/5 (May), 60 Contract for Mark T-50 Computer," 13/1 "Monthly Computer Census -- Suppression of ''New Directions _for Computer TeChnology and (Jan.), 29 Information," To the Editor, from James G. Applications ••• A Long Range Prediction," Mars, "Mariner Mars 1964 -- Central Computer Miles, 13/3 (Mar.), 8 by Donald f. Blumberg, 13/1 (Jan.), 8 and Sequencer," 13/12 (Dec,), 54 "More Computers at the Fair," 13/5 (May), 50 ''New IBM Unii Scans Cash' Register Tapes for "Matching Coaununication Facilities to Data "Mortgage Company Installs Electronic System Fast Computer Process ing," 13/7 (July), 49 Processors," by M.A. Berk and C.F. Haugh, to Speed Process ing," 13/2 (Feb.), 32 ''New Installations": 13/1 (Jan.), 29; 13/2 13/10 (Oct.), 14 Motor freight industry, "Computer Service for (Feb J, 31; 13/3 (Mar.), 40; 13/4 (Apr.), "The Matha tron," 13/3 (Mar,), 43 Motor Freight Industry," 13/12 (Dec.), 59 41; 13/5 (May), 51; 13/7 (July), 41; 13/8 ",lIathematical Technique Aid to Medical Re- '''Movie Language' Developed for Making Ani­ (AugJ, 34; 13/9 (Sept.), 39; 13/10 (Oct.), searchers," 13/4 (Apr,), 47 " mated Films by Computer," 13/7 (July), 47 38; 13/11 (Nov.), 40; 13/12 (Dec.), 57 "MATS Installs Second RCA Computer System, "MT-75 Tape Transport," 13/2 (Feb.), 37 ''New Jersey Bank Orders GE-415," 13/12 (Dec.), 13/12 (Dec.), 57 "Multi-Million Contract Awarded UNIVAC," 13/ 57 McGovern, Patrick J., "GE Compatibles-bOO," 11 (Nov.), 39 ''New Literature": 13/2 (Feb,), 38; 13/5 (May), 13/8 (Aug,), 26 . "Mul ti-Purpose ~eyboard Can, Transmi t Data for 61; 13/7 (July), 50i 13/8 (Aug.) , 43; 13/9 McKeown, Patrick A., "A Computer Shanng any Type of Bus iness," 13/10 (Oct.), 27 (Sept.), 43; 13/12 (Dec.), 63 Plan at Work," 13/8 (Aug,), 20 "Municipal Ret irement Fund Ins taIls IBM 1440," ''New Low-Cost Data Processing Equipment An­ "The Meaning of the Third Generation: Are 13/9 (Sept.), 39 nounced by Univac," 13/5 (May), 55 Birthdays in Order?," 13/5 (May), 9 Music, "The Composer of Music and the Compu­ ~'New Patents": by Raymond R. Skolnick, 13/3 "Meanwhile, Back at Comparisonville ••• ," ter," by Albert Seay, 13/8 (Aug.), 16 (Mar.), 53; 13/4 CApr.), 56; 13/7 (July), 5·1; 13/5 (May), 10 Mylar tape, "Safe-File Unit for Mylar Tape 13/8 (Aug.), 50i 13/9 (Sept.), 49; 13/11 "Medical Billing Service," 13/1 (Jan,), 31 Protection," 13/2 (Feb.), 37 (Nov,),54 Medical researchers, "Mathematical Technique ''New Products": 13/1 (Jan.), 32; 13/2 (Feb,), Aid to Medical Rese:uchers," 13/4 (l\.pr,) , 34; 13/3 (Mar.), 43; 13/4 (Apr.), 45; 13/5 47 N: Nagle, Georgia M., "Work to be Done," 13/ (May) , 55; 13/7 (July), 44; 13/8 (Aug.), 36; "Meeting News": 13/5 (May), 61; 13/8 (Aug.), 10 (Oct.), 10 13/9 (Sept.), 40; 13/10 (Oct.), 42; 13/11 '1<1' 13/9 (SeptJ, 43; 13/10 (Oct.), 46 NASA: "Contract from NASA for Analog-Digi tal (Nov,) , 43 "1\lem~rex Monograph No.3," 13/8 (Aug,), 43 System," 13/11 (Nov.), 40 "New Small-Scale Memory System," 13/7 (July), Memories -- SEE: "New Products" "Datatrol Awarded Three NASA Contracts," 48

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1%5 32 "NeVi Systems & Management Consulting,Firm Converters and Two 0/ A Converters, II 13/2 "Planning a Communication-Based Management Formed," 13/4 (Apr.), 43 (Feb.), 34 Information System," by Glennon J. James, "New York Central Revitalizes Communication "Packard nell Reports $1. 2 Million Net Income," 13/10 (Oct.>, 20 wi th Computer Controlled Network," 13/3 13/1 (Jan.), 35 Polaris: "Control Data Recetves Polaris Sub­ (Mar.), 37 "Packard Bell Trice Computers Shipped to Three marine Applications Contract," 13/7 "N.Y. Tax Department Installs UNIVAC III," Aerospace Jobs," 13/4 (Apr.), 42 (July) , 40 13/') (Sept.>, 39 Packard, Calvin, and James J. Donegan and '''Republic Aviation Orders Second Polaris Nippon, "Teleregister-Nippon Agreement," 13/7 Paul Pashby, "A Real Time Computing System Type Computer," 13/3 (Mar'>, 40 (J uly) , 43 for Supporting Manned Space Flights," 13/10 Polaris contract, "Control Data Awarded ''North American Aviation Awards $330,000 Con­ (Oct'>, 22 Follow-On Polaris Contract," 13/4 (Apr'>, tract to CPI for Computers," 13/4 (Apr'>, Packer, Dr. R.E., "Computers in Education: 41 41 A Reference Guide to Proj ects and Papers," Political pundit, "ABC's Political Pundit," "Northwest Orient Orders $2,000,000 System," 13/3 (Mar.), 27 13/10 (Oct.), 36 13/7 (July), 39 "Pan Am to Open Worldwide Reservat ions Sys­ POOL, "Dr. Perl is to Speak at 19M Annual "Northwestern Engineers Use Computer in Heart tern," 13/12 (Dec'>, 54 Diagnosis," 13/12 (Dec.), 53 "Paper-Tape/Magnetic-Tape Converter up to 150 Meeting of POOL," 13/5 o.\ay) , 61 "NOSO"P," from Joseph S. DeNatale, 13/2 (Feb.), Characters Per Second," 13/10 (Oct.), 31 "Portable Tape Transport," 13/3 (Mar'>, 46 28 "Paper Tape Reader," 13/2 (Feb'>, 38 Potter, "Random Access Memory by Potter," "NRL Orders D::lP-24 for Underwater Acoustic "Paper Tape Reader with Comllutator," 13/8 13/11 (Nov.), 44 St udy," 13/8 (Aug.), 33 (Aug'>, 43 Potter Instrument, "Dr. Andrew Gabor Elected NTOC, "Two 3C Computer Maintenance Trainers "Paper Tape to Magnetic Tape Converter," VP of Potter Instrument," 13/9 (Sept.), 43 Ordered by NTOC," 13/10 (Oct.), 38 13/7 (July), 47 "Potter Instrument Awarded $1 Million Plus Nuclear, "I. I. I. Orders D::lP-24 for Nuclear "'Party Line' System for On-Line Bank Communi­ Contract by ICT," 13/7 (July), 39 Event Film Reading," 13/9 (Sept'.), 39 cations," 13/10 (Oct'>, 43 "Potter Receives $1.3 Million Plus Award from Nuclear subs, ,"Sea-Going Card Processors to Paschkis, Prof. Victor, "Social Implications UNIVAC," 13/8 (Aug.>, 33 Keep Tabs on 'Nuclear Subs," 13/8 (Aug.), 34 of Automation and Computers," 13/11 (Nov'>, "Powder Puff Derby to be Scored by Computer," Numbers, "Experimental Machine Recognizes 13/4 (Apr.), 40 Handwritten Numbers," 13/5 (May), 59 Pa~hby, Paul, Calvin Packard and James J. "PREPARE," 13/7 (July), 43 Numerical Control -- SEE: ''New Products" Donegan, "A Real Time Computing System for PREPARE, "DOC INC. Will Contribute to 'PRE­ Numerical control, "Bunker-Ramo Ships Two Supporting Manned Space Flights," 13/10 PARE'," 13/12 (Dec.), 58 Numerical Control Units to France," 13/10 (Oct.), 22 Printers, high-speed, "A Look at High-Speed (Oct.), 39 "Paul Hachigian Elected VP," 13/11 (Nov'>, 49 Printers," by Norman Sta tland, 13/11 ''NYU Will Install PDP-7 in New Science labora­ PB, ''New Computer-Controlled Data System from (Nov.), 14 tory," 13/11 (Nov.), 41 PI:l," 13/7 (July), 44 Print reader, "General Purpose Print Reader," PDP-I, "M.I. T. Science Lab Installs Second 13/2 (Feb.), 36 PDP-I," 13/11 (Nov'>, 42 Prodac 50, "Monsanto Orders Prodac 50," 13/7 0: "'Off-the-Shelf' Co.nputer Program System," PDP-4, "Columbia University Installs PDP-4 (July), 40 13/12 (Dec.), 61 Computer," 13/7 (July), 41 Products -- SEE: ''New Products" "Official Call for Symposia Papers for IFIP PDP-5: "Atlantis Will Use PDP-5 on Indian Products and Services, "Buyers' Guide for the Congress 65," 13/3 (Mar.), 9 Ocean Cruise," 13/10 (Oct.), 140 Computer Field: Products and Services for "Old National to Install Electronic Banking "Rutgers Orders PDP-5 for Use by Students," Sale or Rent," 13/6 (June), 28 System," 13/5 (May), 51 13/7 (July), 40 Programned learning, "Teaching Machines and Olmstead, R. W., "Advertising, Publicity Re­ "University of Maryland Installs PDP-5 Programmed Learning Roster of Organizat.i.ons leases, and Information Worth Publishing," Computer," 13/10 (Oct'>, 40 and What they are Doing," by Neil Macdonald, 13/2 (Feb'>, 24 "PDP-5 Computer Used by Carnegie Tech Phy­ 13/3 (Mar.), 30 "Olivetti/Farrand Agreement," 13/2 (Feb.), 32 sicists," 13/11 (Nov.), 42 Programmed medical instruction, "Conference Olympics: "Da ta Communications and the 1964 "PDP-5s Ordered for Use in Control Systems," Held on Program.ned Medical Instruction," Olympic Games," 13/10 (Oct.), 26 13/8 (Aug.), 34 13/8 (Aug.), 44 "IBM Olympic Datacenter," 13/10 (Oct.), 37 PDP-6, "Trailer-Mounted PDP-6 to be Used by Programming: "50S Announces Advanced Pro­ "IBM Tele-Processing System: 'q 1 Score Brookhaven Scientists," 13/10 (Oct'>, 39 gramming Systems," 13/7 (July), 47 Winter Olympics in Inssbruck 'ft..;; Month," "PDP-6 Computer has Built-In Time-Sharing "Standards for Computer Program.lling," Part 13/1 (Jan.), 28 Capability," 13/4 (Apr.), 45 I, by Dick H. Brandon and Frederick Kirch, "100th NTDS Computer Shipped to Boston Navy PDP-7, ''NYU Will Install PDP-7 in New Science 13/4 (Apr'>, 20 Yard," 13/11 (Nov'>, 42 Laboratory," 13/11 (Nov.), 41 "5 tandards for Computer Program.ning," Part "1000 CPS Tape Handler," 13/9 (Sept.), 42 "PDP-7 Announced by Digital," 13/7 quly) , 45 2, by Dick H. Brandon and Frederick Kirch, 140J., "Something New From That Faded 1401?", "PDS 1068 Digital Systems Computer," 13/5 13/5 (May), 22 13/7 (July), 13 (May), 57 "Programming: Science, Art or Language?," "1964 ACM Meeting in Philadelphia," 13/8 Pentagon installation, "Contract Awarded by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/1 (Jan.), 6 (Aug.), 44 UNIVAC for New pentagon Installation, II 13/ "The Program.ning Language USP: An Introduc­ "1964 Business Equipment Exposition & Con­ 12 (Dec.), 56 tion and Appraisal," by Edmund C. Berkeley," ference," 13/10 (Oct.), 46 "People of Note": 13/2 (Feb.), 38; 13/4 13/9 (Sept.>, 16 "1964 Engineering Management Conference," (Apr.), 50; 13/9 (Sept.), 42; 13/10 (Oct'> , Programming languages, "The Standardization 13/9 (Sept.), 43 45; 13/12 (Dec'>, 63 of Programming Languages," by Franz L. Alt, "19M F.lll Joint Computer Conference -- Call "Peoples Trust Installs Automation System," 13/11 (Nov.), 32 for Pupers," 13/4 (Apr.), 8 13/3 (Mar.), 41 "Programs for the Monrobot XI," 13/5 (May), "'64 SJCC Preview," 13/4 (Apr.), 54 "People Who Do Not Work," by Edmund C. Berke­ 59 1604-'\, "First 1604-A Computer System Deliv­ ley, 13/8 (Aug.), 7 Project 465L, "Command Control System -- Pro­ ered to Germany," 13/5 (May), 51 "People Who Do Not Work Well," by Edmund C. ject 465L," 13/8 (Aug.), 31 "One-Week Study Course to be Presented at Berkeley, 13/10 (Oct.), 6 "PROMOCOM," 13/4 (Apr.), 48 . Case," 13/5 (May), 54 Perforated tape, "Editing Device Speeds Cor­ "Prototype System Delivered to Rome Air De­ On-line data processing, "Comnercial Appli­ rection of Perforated Tape," 13/8 (Aug.), velopment Center," 13/11 (Nov'>, 41 cation of Remote, On-Line Data Processing," 43 Protzel, Harvey W., "What Top 'Management 13/7 (July), 40 "Performance Standards," by Dick H. Brandon Should rxpect from an Integrated Data Pro­ "On-Line Plotting Capabil i ty Added to L-201O and Frederick Kirch, 13/7 (July), 33 cessing System," 13/9 (Sept.), 12 Computer," 13/10 (Oct.), 44 "Dr. Perlis to Speak at 1964 Annual Meeting "The Public Image of Computing, "by Harold J. Optical design, "Modern Optical Design," 13/8 of. POOL," 13/5 (May), 61 Bergstein, 13/4 (Apr.) , 28 (Aug.), 44 "Personnel News from SOC," 13/4 (Apr.), 50 Publici ty releases, "Advertis ing, Publicity "Orenstein Elected DOl President," 13/2 (Feb.), "Personnel Records System Developed by CSC," Releases, and Information Worth Publishing," 38 13/3 (Mar.), 45 from Charles R. Cross, from R. W. Olstead, "Organization News": 13/1 (Jan.), 30; 13/2 Personnel revolution, "The Computer Personnel and from Roger W. Christian, 13/2 (Feb.), 24 (Feb.), 32; 13/3 (Mar.), 42; 13/4 (Apr.), Revolution," by Dick H. Brandon, 13/8 "Punched Card Reader for Co.nnercial and Indus­ 43; 13/5 (May), 52; 13/7 (July), 42; 13/8 (Aug.>, 22 trial Card Automated Systems," 13/11 (Nov.), (Aug.), 35; 13/9 (Sept.>, 39; 13/10 (Oct.>, PERT cost, "Introduction to PERT Cost," 13/12 47 40; 13/12 (Dec.), 58 (Dec'>, 63 "Organizations in the Computer Field, 1951 PERT cost manual, "ITT Associate Offers PERT .Q: Quality control, "USing a Computer for to 1<)6·1," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/6 Cost Manual," 13/12 (Dec'>, 63 Quality Control of Automatic Production," (June), 9 "PFR-2 Film Reader 'Understands What It Sees'," by J. H. Boatwright, 13/2 (Feb,), 10 Or\lanizations, "Roster of Organizations in 13/10 (Oct.), 44 Quotation board, "Ferranti Awarded $1 Million the Computer Field," 13/6 (June), 10 "PHH to Install Honeywell 200," 13/11 (Nov.), Contract for Electronic Quotation Board," "Over 700 Areas of Application of Computers," 42 13/8 (Aug.), 33 13/6 (June), 82 "Photon Zip-Moder 900 Computer Phototype­ "Overseas Expansion Announced by Datamec," setter," 13/9 (Sept'>, 41 1:1/7 (July), 43 Phototypesetter: . ''National Library of Medi­ R:· "Rabinow Engineering Acquired by Control cine Installs Computer-Driven Phototype­ Data," 13/2 (Feb,), 32 setter," 13/9 (Sept.), 39 ''Rand Man to be Pres ident of SHARE," 13/10 .£: "Pacific Airlines Installs Instant Reser­ "Photon Zip-Model 900 Computer Phototype­ (Oct.), 45 vation Service," 13/5 (May), 52 setter," 13/9 (Sept'>, 41 "Random Access Memory by Potter," 13/11 (Nov.), Pack,lrd Bell: "Air Force Names Packard Bell Pictorial report, "Display System Pictorial 44 to Build Computer-Based Telemetry System," Report," 13/5 (May), 19 ''Randomatic,'' 13/8 (Aug.), 41 13/.1 (Apr.), 41 "Pictures froln Space, and the Powers of Com­ RCA 301, "Southern Airways to Install RCA "He:1l ighment of Top Management Respons i­ puters," ,by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/9 (Sept'> 301," 13/7 (July), 41 IJilities at Packard Bell," 13/4 (Apr.), 9 RCA 301 system, "Florida Turnpike Authority :,0 "Piggyback Twistor: Nondestructive Read-out Will Use RCA 301 System," 13/11 (Nov.), 42 "Pack.lrd Bell Computer Offers Five New A/D Mem.JrY," 13/7 (J uly) , 48 RCA 3301 system, "1l.L Goodrich Footwear Orders HCi\ 3301 System," 13/11 (Nov.), 42

COl\ll'lJTEHS and AUWMATION for January, 1965 33 "RCA Awarded $27 Million Contract from NASA "S-C 4020 Computer Recorder," 13/1 (Jan,), 34 mation," by Prof. Victor Paschkis, 13/11 for 19 Computer Systems," 13/10 (Oct.), 38 "S-C 4400 -- Microfilm Printer," 13/11 (Nov.), a~ov,), 9 "RCA Cites Record Half for Earnings," 13/8 47 Software -- SEE: "New Products" (Aug.), 44 Scanning system, "DDP-24 Ordered for Spark "Software News," 13/12 (Dec,), 60 "RCA Computer Installed to Streamline Florida Chamber Automatic Scanning System," 13/2 Software suppliers, "Roster of Software Sup­ School System," 13/11 (Nov.), 41 (Feb,), 31 pliers," 13/6 (June), 56 "RCA Computer Network Valued at $6 Million "SCERT Program Now Includes All Models of IBM "Software Translates SPS Programs for B200," to Link USN Air Stations," 13/10 (Oct,), 39 System/36O," 13/7 (July), 47 13/5 (May), 59 RCA computer system, "MATS Installs Second Scheduling, "Computer Program for Co.nplex Solem, Helen, "Automltion and Unemployment," RCA Computer System," 13/12 (Dec,), 57 Scheduling Tasks," 13/2 (Feb.), 35 13/4 (Apr,), 9 RCA computers, "Seven RCA Computers to be School computer centers, "Roster of School, "Solid State 100 Volt Analog Computer," Installed at Seven Strategic Centers," 13/7 College and Uni vers i ty Computer Centers," 13/2 (Feb,) , 34 (July) , .41 13/6 (June), 85 "Some Effects of Electronic Data Processing "RCA EDP Center Sold to Chicago Bank," 13/9 ItS cience, Privacy, and Freedom," -- 1. From on Management in Life Insurance Companies," (Sept,), 39 Professor Alan F. Westin and II. From the by Wal ter Klem, 13/12 (Dec,), 18 "RCA, SDS Announce Price Reductions," 13/9 Editor, 13/4 (Apr,), 8 "Something New From That Faded 1401?" 13/7 (Sept,), 43 Science, "Programming: Science, Art or Lan­ (July), 13 Reader-printer, "Microfilm Reader-Printer," guage?," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/1 (Jan.), "Something New V ia Something Used from Bur­ 13/7 (July), 48 6 roughs," 13/4 (Apr.), 11 "Readers' & Editor's Forum": 13/2 (Feb;), 24; SCM: ''New Corporation Formed by SCM, Taller "Some Things To Look For," 13/7 (July) 14 13/3 (Mar,), 8; 13/4 (Apr,), 8; 13/5 (May), & Cooper," 13/3 (Mar,) , 42 "Southern Airways to Install RCA 301,'" 13/7 8; 13/9 (Sept.), 9; 13/10 (Oct.), 9; 13/12 "Two New Directors at SCM," 13/9 (Sept,), (July), 41 (Dec,), 9 43 "So. Cal. Blue Cross Installs Honeywell 1400 System," 13/8 (Aug.), 35 '''Read Only· Memory System by F'abri-Tek," - "Score of IBM System/360's to be Leased by Space, "Pictures from Space, and the Powers 13/1 (Jan.), 34 Paper Co,npany," 13/8 (A ug,), 35 "Scorite," 13/2 (Feb,), 37 of Computers," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 13/9 Read-out memory, "Piggyback Twistor: Non­ Scratchpad: -- SEE: "Editor's Scratchpad" (Sept,), 9 destructi ve Read-out Memory," 13/7 (July), Space fl ights, "A Real Time Com?uting System 48 SOC, "Personnel News from SOC," 13/4 (Apr,), 50 for Supporting Manned Space Flights," by "Realignment of Top Management Responsibili­ SDS 930, "First SDS 930 Delivered," 13/8 James J. Donegan , Calvin Packard and Paul ties at Packard Bell," 13/4 (Apr,), 50 (Aug,), 35 Pashby, 13/10 (Oct.), 22 "A Real Time Computing System for Supporting SDS: "Beckman/50S Integrated Computer Sys­ "Special Orientation Program for Students and Manned Space Flights," by James J. Donegan, Teachers at FJCC 1964," 13/10 (Oct.), 46 Calvin Packard and Paul Pashby, 13/10 (Oct,) tem," 13/7 (July), 46 22 ' ''NASA Contract for $1.5 Million Awarded Special purpose computers, "Survey of Special SDS," 13/9 (Sept,), 38 Purpose Computers," 13/6 (June), 80 Recorders, "LT/FM Recorders," 13/5 (May), 60 "Specialized Data Process ing Management Ser­ Redistricting, "State Redistricting in 30 Min­ "RCA, SDS Announce Price Reductions," 13/9 (Sept.), 43 vice Company," 13/5 (May), 53 utes by Computer," 13/9 (Sept,), 37 "Speeds to 240,000 Words Per Minute Capable Reggini, Prof. Ing. Horacio C., "First Compu­ "Tape Handler Contract for Ampex from SDS," 13/2 (Feb,), 31 With New Data Transmission Terminal," 13/5 ter Course for Freshmen in a School of Engi­ (May), 58 neering in Argentina," 13/9 (Sept.), 9 ~'SDS Announces Advanced Programming Systems," 13/7 (J uly) , 47 '''Splatter Diagram' Copies," by Eugene Smith, "Regional Computer Plan to Reduce Educational 13/5 (May), 8 Costs," 13/10 (Oct,), 41 "SD3 Announces Two New Computers," 13/8 (Aug.), Rental, "The Economics of Lease vs. Rental of 37 "Springfield Safe Deposit Bank Plans New Auto­ Computers," by Robert Sheridan, 13/7 (July), "Sea-Going Card Processors to Keep Tabs on rna t ion Sys tem," 13/4 (Apr.), 42 30 Nuclear Subs," 13/8 (Aug,), 34 Standardization, "Character Recognition, In­ Renwell Indus tries, "Electronics Firm Purchased Seay, Albert, "The Composer of Music and the formation Interchange Headed for World by Renwell Industries," 13/7 (July), 42 Computer," 13/8 (Aug.), 16 Standardization," 13/7 (July), 50 "Republic Aviation Orders Second Polaris Type "SEFAC, Alpha-Numeric Display System," 13/7 "The Standardization of Programl1ing Languages," Computer," 13/3 (Mar.), 40 (July), 49 by Franz L. Al t, 13/11 (Nov.), 32 "Research Arm-Aid, a Computer-Guided Device," "Self-Healing Electronics," 13/2 (Feb.), 36 "Standard Oil of California to Lease Bunker­ 13/11 (Nov,), 38 Selfridge, Lenore D. and Ralph E. Grubb, Ramo System," 13/10 (Oct,), 37 Reservation service, "Pacific Airlines In­ "Computer Tutoring in Statistics," 13/3 "Standards for Computer Prograrn.l1ing," Part I, stalls Instant Reservation Service," 13/5 (Mar,), 20 by Dick H. Brandon and Frederick Kirch, 13/4 (May) , 52 "SEMS-IR Core Memory," 13/1 (Jan,), 34 (Apr.), 20 Reservations, "Telemax Reservat ions Service," Service bureau, "Choosing a Service Bureau," "Standards for Computer Programming," Part 2, 13/10 (Oct,), 36 by Arnold P. Smith, 13/12 (Dec,), 23 by Dick H. Brandon and Frederick Kirch, Reservations system, "Pan Am to Open Worldwide Services, "Buyers' Guide for the Computer 13/5 (May), 22 Reservations System," 13/12 (Dec,), 54 Field: Products and Services for Sale or "Standards News," 13/7 (July), 50 Retterer, R. W., "Computers, Automation, and Rent," 13/6 (J une) , 28 Standards, "Performlnce Standards," by Dick Society -- the Responsibil i ties of People," SHARE, "Rand Man to be President of SHARE," H. Brandon and Frederick Kirch, 13/7 (July) , 13/8 (Aug,), 8 13/10 (Oct,), 45 33 Robinson, Dr. Herbert W., "Social Implications Sharing, "A Computer Sharing Plan at Work," "State Redistricting in 30 Minutes by Compu­ of Computers and Automation," 13/7 (July), 9 by Patrick A. McKeown, 13/8 (Aug,), 20 ter," 13/9 (Sept.), 37, "The Role of Computers in Education," by Neil Sheridan, Robert, "The Economics of Lease vs. "Statistical Reconstructions of the Past -- by Macdonald, 13/3 (Mar,), 13 Rental of Computers," 13/7 (July), 30 Computer," 13/5 (May), 49 Roller, Joseph L., "Low Cost Data Transmitter Ships, "A I Computer Builds Ships," 13/7 (July), Statistics, "Computer Tutoring in Statistics," at 60 WPM," 13/10 (Oct.), 30' 38 by Ralph E. Grubb and Lenore D. Selfridge, Rome Air Development Center: "Informatics "Shoe Manufacturer to Install GE-415," 13/10 13/3 (Mar.), :D (Oct,), 40 Inc. Receives Contract from Rome Air De­ Statland, Norman: "A Look at High-Speed velopment Center," 13/11 (Nov.), 40 "Short-Wave Voice Transmission in Digital Printers," 13/11 (Nov.), 14 "Prototype System Delivered to Rome Air De­ Form," 13/1 (Jan,), 32 "Methods of Evaluating Computer Systems velopment Ctr.," 13/11 (Nov,), 41 ItS ix DDP-24 Computers for Melpar Trainers," Performlnce," 13/2 (Feb,), 18 "R( 'ter of Computer Associations," 13/6 (June) 13/4 (Apr.), 41 "A Survey of Input/Output Equipment," 13/7 ~ , It SJCC, ,.. 64 SJCC Preview, 13/4 (Apr,), 54 (July), 16 "Roster of Consulting Services," 13/6 (June), Skills, "Computers and Skills," by Edmund C. "STINFO Program to be Studied by C-E-I-R," 54 Berkeley, 13/4 (Apr,), 7 13/1 (Jan.), 29 "Roster of Electronic Computing and Data Pro­ Skolnick, Raymond R., ''New Patents," -- SEE: Stock exchange, "csc Listed on American Stock cessing Services," 13/6 (June), 49 "New Patents" Exchange," 13/3 (Mar,), 42 Roster of organizations, "Teaching Machines "Small Scientific Computers Versus Data Com­ Stock market, "Transatlantic Stock Market and Programmed Learning Roster of Organiza­ munications Systems in a Large Computer Information Service," 13/2 (Feb.), 33 tions and What they are DOing," by Neil Environment, It by Roger A. MacGowan, 13/2 "SUI Depository for Iowa Public Opinion Polls," (Feb,), 26 Macdonald, 13/3 (Mar.) ~ 30 13/12 (Dec.), 60 Smith, Arnold P., "Choosing a Service Bureau," -"Roster of Organizations in the Computer "Sunray DX Buys Second TRW Computer System," 13/12 (Dec,), 23 13/3 (Mar,), 41 Field," 13/6 (June), 10 Smi th, Eugene, "'Splatter Diagram' Copies," "Roster of School, College, and University "Superior Coach Will Install H-200," 13/7 13/5 (May), 8 (July), 41 Computer Centers," 13/6 (June), 85 Social implications: "Com?uters, Automation, ''Roster of Software Suppliers," 13/6 (June), "A Survey of Input/Output Equipment," by Nor­ and Society -- the Respons ib il i ties of man Statland, 13/7 (July), 16 56 People," by R. W. Hetterer, 13/8 (Aug,), "Royal 5000 SDW, Punched Tape Source Document ItS urvey of Special Purpose Compaters," 13/6 Writer," 13/8 (Aug,), 42 8 (June), 80 "Ra Management Consultant Appointed by GE," "Decisions That Limit Resources," by U. Switching network, "Delta Airlines First to 13/2 (Feb.), 38 Thant, 13/8 (Aug.), 9 Own Computer Controlled Switching Network," "Rutgers Orders PDP-5 for Use by Students," "Forum on the Social Implications of Compu­ 13/8 (Aug.), 32 13/7 (July), 40 ters and Automation," 13/7 (Aug,), 8 Sylvania, ''Watts Joins Sylvania," 13/9 (Sept.), ''Forum on the Social Implications of Compu­ 42 ters and A utoma tion," by Edmund C. Berke­ "Sylvania to Study Advanced Techniques for Usc S: "Sacony Installs Univac System," 13/3 ley, 13/7 (July), 8 In Future Mil i tary Computers," 13/5 (May), SU (M'lr,) , 41 "Invited Short Papers on Social Implications "System/360 Reshuffles Computer Ordering Pat­ Satellite memory, "EMI Receives Contract for for the Fall Joint Computer Conference," tern," by Patrick J. McGovern, 13/5 (May), I) Satellite Memory," 13/4 (Apr,), 41 13/9 (Sept J, 9 "System Handles AJIalog Signal in Digital "Safe-F ile Unit 'for Mylar Tape Protection," "The Unfavorable Social Implications of Manner," 13/2 (Feb.), 34 13/2 (Feb.), 37 Automation," by Dick H. Brandon, 13/12 "Systems Des ign Laboratory," 13/4 (Apr.), ·1·1 Saturn Program, ''NASA Orders Fourth Honeywell (Dec,), 15 Systems Programming Corp., "JPL Contract to Computer for Saturn Program," 13/3 (Mar.), "Social Implications of Computers and Automa­ Systems Programming Corp.," 13/1 (Jan.), 2') 41 tion," by Dr. Herbert W. Robinson, 13/7 "snc Forms Computing Sciences Division," 13/4 (July), 9 (Apr,), 43 "Social Implications of Computers and Auto- ..!: Taller & Cooper, "New Corporation Formed COMPUTERS and AUTOMA TION for January, l!lG!i by SCM, Taller & Cooper," 13/3 (Mar.), 42 "lRW Reports Record Sales and Earnings for "U.S. Navy Orders L-2UI0 Computer," 13/9 Tally, "Data-Phone Data Transmitter Announced 196'3," 13/4 (Apr,), 51 (Sept.), 39 by Tally," 13/7 (July), 46 "lRW-133 Tactical Military Computer," 13/1 "U.S. Navy Reports on Use of Computer for "Tape Cleaner Reduces Error on Magnetic Tape," (Jan,), 32 Printing Economies," 13/11 (Nov.), 37 13/1 (Jan.), 35 TSI, "U.S. Army Awards $i4 Million Contract "lEAF Orders Eight EDP Systems from Honey- Tape, co.nputer, "Deriving Maximum Utiliza­ to TSI," 13/10 (Oct.), 37 well," 13/12 (Dec.), 56 tion from Computer Tape," by George Armes, "TSI Wins Data Reduction Services Contract at USC, "H-BOO & 11-400 Gift to tic by Honeywell," 13/11 (Nov'>, 20 WSMR," 13/4 (Apr,), 41 . 13/5 (May), 54 . "Tape Handler Contract for Ampex for SDS," "Turbulence Amplif iers," 13/11 (Nov,), 48 "lEDA Graduate School, C-E-I-R Cooperate in 13/2 (Feb'>, 31 Tutoring, "Computer Tutoring in Statistics," Tape, magnetic, "U.S. Magnetic Tape Co. Offers Training Program for Federal Employees," by Ralph E. Grubb and Lenore D. Selfridge,' 13/4 (Apr,), 45 New Magnetic Computer Tape," 13/10 (Oct'>, 13/3 (Mar'>, :D "The Used Computer Market -- 1964: A BrOker's 45 "Two Companies Will Share Computer," 13/4 "Tape Preparation Unit," 13/2 , 30 ters," 13/1 (Jan,), 33 "The Used Computer Market: How IBM Shapes Tape reader, "Tape Punch and Tape Reader up It," by Nicholas H. Dosker, Jr., 13/7 "Two DDP-24 Computers Delivered for Apollo (July), 23 to 200 Characters Per Second," 13/10 (Oct'>, Astronaut Trainer," 13/11 (Nov.), 40 "Used EDP Equipment," 13/7 (July), 50 30 "Two New Directors at SCM," 13/9 (Sept,), 43 "Use of Analog Computers Promises Advances in Tape Reader/Spooler, "Mil i tarized Perforated "Two New Glass Memor ies by Corning," 13/10 Tape Reader/Spooler," 13/11 (Nov.), 47 {Oct'>, 43 Eye Research," 13/10 (Oct,), 35 Tape transport: "MT-75 Tape Transport," "Two New Officers Elected at Adage," 13/4 Users groups, "Computer Users Groups -- Ros­ 13/2 (Feb.), 37 (Apr,), 50 ter," 13/6 (June), 94 "Using A Computer for Quality Control of Auto­ "GE Introduces New Tape Transp'orts," 13/8 "Two 3C Computer Maintenance Trainers Ordered (Aug.), 42 by NTDC," 13/10 (Oct,), 38 rna tic Production," by J .H. Boatwright, 13/2 , 38 Tax processing, "IRS Orders Ten H-200's for Years," 13/4 (Apr.), 51 Tax Processing," 13/12 (Dec.), 58 "Verbal Telephone Reply From Computer Possible wi th Audio Response Unit," 13/3 (Mar,), 45 Teaching, '''Computer-Aided Teaching," 13/3 .!!: UK, "Directory Lists American Interests in (Mar.), 16 UK," 13/7 (July), 50 "VI/SCAN, Data Processor/Recording Devices," 13/9 (Sept,), 42 "Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning Ultra-{;omputer Builder, "Who Will Take the Roster of Organizations and What they are ''Vocal Response from Computer," 13/10 (Oct,), 'Ultra-{;omputer Builder' Title?," 13/8 27 DOing," by Neil Macdonald, 13/3 (Mar.), 30 (Aug.), 11 "TEL-A-DEX," 13/4 (Apr.), 48 Vogel, Donald, "Data Processing Management Unemployment, "Automation and Unemployment," Association," 13/11 (Nov,), 10 "Telecomputing Services Awarded Contract for by Helen Solem, 13/4 (Apr,), 9 Voice transmission, "Short-Wave Voice Tr3.ns­ $1.3 Million by NASA," 13/8 (Aug.), 34 "The Unfavorable Social Implications of Auto­ mission in Digital Form," 13/1 (Jan,), 33 "Telecredi t Bank Card System," 13/10 (Oct.), mation," by Dick H. Brandon, 13/12 (Dec,) 40 15 ' "Voice-Warning System," 13/5 (May), 60 Telegraph, "Computerized International Public ''VP 600, All-Digital Display System," 13/4 "Unilever Australia to use CRAM Order System," (Apr,), 49 Telegraph System," 13/3 (Mar.), 38 13/7 (July), 42 "Telemax Reservations Service," 13/10 (Oct'>, UNIVAC: "Air Force & Navy Award Multi-Million 36 ~gllar Contracts to UNIVAC," 13/5 (May), Telemetry system, "Air Force Names Packard ]:: "Wall Street Firm Installs H-BOO," 13/2 , 41 Installation," 13/12 (Dec.), 56 the Indiana Reformatory," 13/9 (Sept.), 10 Teleregister, "Glendale Federal Savings & Loan "Multi-Million Contract Awarded UNIVAC" to Install UNIVAC 490 \'lith 'releregister 13/11 (Nov,), 39 ' "Watts Joins Sylvania," 13/9 (Sept,), 42 Weather service, "German Weather Service Teller Network," 13/10 (Oct.), 39 "New Low-{;ost Data Processing Equipment Orders Control Data 3600," 13/1 (Jan,), 28 "Teleregister, Bunker-Ramo to Combine Cor­ Announced by UNIVAC," 13/5 (May), 55 Weisberg, David E.: "A Command Control In­ porations," 13/7 (July), 43 "Potter Receives $1.3 Million Plus Award "Teleregister-Nippon Agreement," 13/7 (July), from UNIVAC," 13/8 (Aug,), 33 formation System for the Field Army," 43 13/11 (Nov,), 26 "Sacony Installs Univac System," 13/3 (Mar •.), "Computer-{;ontrolled Graphical Display: Texas Power & Light, "Analog Computer to be 41 . Installed at Texas Power & Light Company," UNIVAC III, "N.Y. Tax Department Installs Its Applications and Market," 13/5 (May), 13/2 , 40 "Universite de Montreal to Install CDC 3400," Communications System," 13/10 (Oct.), 30 "3C Introduces DDP-1l6," 13/10 (Oct.), 43 13/12 (Dec,), 57 "Wharton School Uses Computer," 13/2 (Feb.), "Three Contracts Total $3 Million for Ampex," Universi ty computer centers, "Roster of School, 33 13/12 (Dec'>, 55 College and Uni versi ty Computer Centers," "What Happens to the Quality and Character "3UO Per Second A/D Converter," 13/2 , 37 "University of Maryland Installs PDP-5 Compu­ Harvey W. Protzel, 13/9 (Sept,), 12 "Tra iler-Mounted PDP-6 to be Used by Brook­ ter," 13/10 (Oct.,), 40 ''Where Are We in the Product Cycle of the haven Scientists," 13/10 (Oct'>, 39 "University of Minnesota Uses Computer in Computer Industry?," 13/12 (Dec'>, 11 "Transatlantic Stock Market Information Ser­ Classroom," 13/1 (Jan,), 31 Whittaker Corporation, "West German Govern­ vice," 13/2 (Feb.), 3.3 "University of Missouri School of Medicine ment Awards Contract to Whittaker Corpora­ Transit system, "DDP-24 Computer to Control Installs IBM 1410," 13/5 (May), 52 tion," 13/12 (Dec,), 56 Transit System," 13/11 (Nov.), 42 Uni v. of Wis cons in, "Contro 1 Data 3600 to be "Who Will Take the 'UI tra-{;omputer Builder t Translator, "IBM Translator Converts 1400 Installed at Univ. of Wisconsin," 13/7 Title?," 13/8 (Aug.), 11 Ser ics HPG Programs to Systeinl360 Language," (July), 42 Williams, R. H., "The Computer Situation in 13/U (Aug'>, 40 "Up to 480,000 Bits Per Second," 13/10 (Oct.), Britain, Swn.ner, 1964," 13/9 (Sept,), 24 "Transmi t t ing Informltion Between New York 27 "Work to be Done," by Georgia M. Nagle, 13/10 and Paris at lOUU hl'M," 13/10 (Oct,), 31 "Updating the Computer Count in Europe," (Oct,), 10 Trans World Airlines, "ITT Division to Supply 13/4 (Apr.), 12 Workers, ''How Many Openings for Skilled Work­ Trans World Airlines with ADX System," 13/7 "U.S. Air Force Contract Awarded to General ers?," by A. E. Hunter, 13/10 (Oct.), 9 (July), 39 Precision," 13/4 (Apr,), 41 Worthington, John H., "The Anatomy of an As­ "Trenton Junior College to Offer Northeast's "U.S. Army Awards $i4 Million Contract to TSI," sembly System," 13/1 (Jan,), 18 Firs t Computer Degree," 13/5 (May), 55 13/10 (Oct,), 37 WSMR, "TSI Wins Data Reduction Services Con­ Trinity College, "EAI lR-20 Analog Computer "U.S. Army Awards CSC Major Contract for Life tract at WSMH," 13/4 (Apr.), 41 Sold to Trinity College," 13/5 (May), 51 Cycle Management System," 13/10 (Oct,), 38 "Trucking Company to Install Computer and Data "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Installs GE-223 X,.x,~: XB-70, "Des ign of XB-70 Aided by Com­ Link," 13/4 (Apr.), 42 System," 13/5 (May), 51 puter," 13/7 (July), 39 "nn~ and Concast in Continuous Casting Agree­ "U.S. Army Signal School Trains Officers from' Yale University, "Computers at Yale Univer­ ment," 13/1 (Jan.), 3U Allied Countries," 13/4 (Apr,), .IS s ity," 13/12 (Dec,), 60 nm computer, "Sunray DX Buys Second TRW "U.S. Magnetic Tape Co. Offers New Maunetic ttl ip Code Reader to be Deve loped by NCR," ComputcrSystem,"13/3 (Mar.), 41 Computer Tape," 13/10 (Oct.), .IS 13/1 !Jan.), 29 COJ\tPlJTEHS and AUIDMATION for January, 1965 3[; There's only one way to tell the new 50S 930 from the old 50S 930.

1

Turn it on

The new 930 makes the old one look like it was standing still. To be perfectly truthful, though, there is one other way to tell the You can't miss the difference: 3.5 Ilsec add time, 7 Ilsec multiply new SDS 930 from the old SDS 930. Look at the price. The new time and 1.75 Ilsec memory cycle time. 930 sells for only $95,000 and leases for $2,150 per month. For full information, write Scientific Data Systems, 1649 Seventeenth The new SDS 930 retains its complete program and peripheral Street, Santa Monica, California. equipment compatibility with present 930 installations and all other SDS 900 Series computers. It has one standard and as many optional buffered inputloutput channels as you need, all I ;1' -II ; SCIENTIFIC DATA SYSTEMS of which can operate simultaneously with computation. All SDS 1649 Seventeenth Street, Santa Monica, Calif. 900 Series computers have all-silicon semiconductors, buffered Sales offices in New York, Boston, Washington, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Huntsville, 1/0, floating point and multi-precision operation, and a com­ Orlando, Chicago, Houston, Albuquerque, San Francisco. Foreign representatives: prehensive software library including FORTRAN " and ALGOL. Instronics. Ltd., Stittsville, Ontario; CECIS, Paris; F. Kanematsu, Tokyo; RACAL, Sydney. Circle No. 16 on Readers Service Card

36 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1~){)5 4 REASONS WHY MEMOREX LEADS IN COMPUTER TAPE (And what it means to you!)

Premium Quality Ask the most demanding com­ Extra Technical Support Authoritative technical puter centers whose tape is used for their ultra­ backing is the hallmark of Memorex marketing. Man­ critical applications. You'll find a multi·million dol­ ufacturing engineers and tape specialists with ex­ lar vote of confidence placed in the integrity of perience born of years solving digital recording prob­ Memorex products - the result of uncompromised lems offer help for the asking. Other aids to users and unvarying product superiority. With Memorex include the Memorex Monograph series of informa­ precision magnetic tape you always benefit from tive literature; the Memorex tape slide rule; and measurably longer tape life, freedom from rejects, technical liaison, of course. Next time you face re­ greater reliability. cording problems, call Memorex!

Added Service Close attention to a customer's Continued Research Memorex Computer Tape is needs is the rule at Memorex. But not all are techni­ scientifically designed (not the result of cut·and·try cal. It is important to have the right product at the methods) to meet highest standards of consistency right time and in the right condition. To assure time­ and reliability. Intensive research in oxides, binders, ly delivery and extra care in transportation, Mem­ and process innovations assures continued quality orex routinely ships via air carrier at no extra cost. advances. Some results are subtle (an increase in What is more, specially designed containers and coating durability); some are obvious (the super­ material handling methods keep tape error-free and smooth surface). But all improvements pay divi­ pre·test perfect throughout shipment. dends in better performance to Memorex tape users.

Memorex tape is premium tape. No need to pre-check it. You Are you on our mailing list to receive the Memorex Monograph Series of informative Clln place Memorex computer tape directly in service­ technical literature? Write 1176 Shulman Road, reel

Circle No. 18 on Readers Service Card COl\IPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 37 Make over 200 Small Computing and Reasoning Machines with ... BRAINIAC ELECTRIC BRAIN CONSTRUCTION KIT

WHAT COMES WITH YOUR BRAINIAC® KIT? All 33 experiments from our original kit (1955), with exact wiring templates for each one. All 13 experiments from the former Tyniac kit. 156 entirely new experi­ ments with their solutions. Over 600 parts, as follows: 6 Multiple Switch Discs; Mounting Panel; 10 Flashlight Bulbs; 2 Multiple Socket Parts, each holding 5 bulbs; 116 Wipers, for making good electrical contact (novel design, patented, no. 2848568) ; 70 Jumpers, for transfer contacts; 50 feet of Insulated '\Vire; Flashlight Battery; Battery Box; nuts, bolts, sponge rubber washers, hard washers, screwdriver, spintite blade, etc. ALSO: 256 page book, "Brainiacs" by Edmund C. Berkeley, including chapters on: an introduction to Boolean Algebra for designing circuits; "How to go from Brainiacs and Genia-cs® to Automatic Computers"; complete descriptions of 201 ex­ periments and machines; over 160 circuit diagrams; list of r,eferences to computer literature. This kit is an up-to-the-minute introduction to the design of arithmetical, logical, reasoning, computing, puzzle-solving, and game-playing circuits-for boys, students, schools, colleges, designers. It is simple enough for intelligent boys to assemble, and yet it is instructive even to engineers because it shows how many kinds of computing and reasoning circuits can be made from simple components. This kit is the outcome of 11 years of design and development work with small electric brains and small robots by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. With this kit and manual you can easily make over 200 small electric brain machines that display intelligent behavior and teach understanding first-hand. Each one runs on one flashlight battery; all connections with nuts and bolts; no soldering required. (Returnable for full refund if not satisfactory.) ... Price $18.95.

WHAT CAN YOU MAKE WITH A BRAINIAC KIT? LOGIC MACHINES The Submarine Rescue Chamber Squalux Syllogism Prover The Three Monkeys who Spurned Evil . J ames McCarty's Logic Machine Signals on the Mango Blossom Special AND, OR, NOT, OR ELSE, IF .•. THEN, IF AND The Automatic Elevator in Hoboken ONLY IF, NEITHER ... NOR Machines Timothy's Mink Traps A Simple Kalin;.Burkhart Logical Truth Calculator Josephine's Man Trap The Magazine Editor's Argument Douglas Macdonald's Will The Rule About Semicolons and Commas Word Puzzle with. TRICK The Farnsworth Car Pool QUIZ MACHINES The Waxing and the Waning Moon GAME-PLAYING MACHINES Intelligence Test Tit-Tat-Toe Guessing Helen's Age Black Match Geography Quiz Nim Mr. Hardstone's Grammar Test Sundorra 21 Solving. Right Triangles Frank McChesney's Wheeled Bandit SIGN A.LING MACHINES COMPUTERS - to add, subtract, multiply, divide, ...• The Jiminy Soap Advertising Sign using decimal or binary numbers. The Sign that Spells Alice - to convert from decimal to other scales of notation Tom, Dick, and Harry's Private Signaling Channels and yice versa, etc. Jim's and Ed's Intercom Operating with Infinity Adding Indefinite Quantities CRYPTOGRAPHIC MACHINES Factoring Any Number from 45 to 60 Secret Coder Prime Number Indicator for Numbers 1 to 100 "',ecret Decoder Thirty Days Hath September V[»ck with 65,000 Combinations Three Day Weekend for Christmas Lock with ,15,000,000 Combinations Calendar Good for Forty Years 1950 to 1989 The General Combination Lock Money Changing Machine Leonard's Twb-W ay Coding Machine Four by Four Magic Square Character of Roots of a Quadratic ••• AND MANY MORE Ten Basic Formulas of Integration :" .. IIUII.II.. MAIL THIS REQUEST or a copy of it 111111111111 .. "" PUZZLE-SOLVING MACHINES _. Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. The Missionaries and the Cannibals - 815 Washington Street, RI01, Newtonville 60, Mass. The Daisy Petal Machine Ple,ase send me BRAINIAC KIT K18, .including manual, Calvin's Eenie Meenie Minie Moe Machine instructions, over 600 parts, templates, circuit diagrams, The Cider Pouring Problem etc. The Mysterious Multiples of 76923, of 369, etc. I enclose $18.95 for the ki.t plu'S ...... for handling and Bruce Campbell's Will shipping (30c, east of Mississippi; 80c, west' of Missis­ The Fox, Hen, Corn, and Hired Man sippi; $1.80, outside U.s-.). I understand the kit is return­ The Uranium Shipment and the Space Pirates able in seven days for full refund if not satisfactory (if General Alarm at the Fortress of Dreadeerie in good coridition). The Two Suspicious Husbands at Great North Bay My name and address are attached. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ______= __ = __ ===__ = __ ~ .. 11111111111111111.11 •• 1.1 ...... Circle No. 19 on Readers Service Card

38 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 "ACROS_S THE EDITOR'S DESK"

Computing and Data Processing NewsleHer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Applications 39 Computing Centers 45

New Contracts 40 New Products 45

New Installations 42 Business News 51

Organization News 44 Computer Census 52

APPLICATIONS

COMPUTER FLIGHT PLANNING consumption by 1000 pounds for a weight as dictated by various con­ savings of $50. Also, there is a ditions; estimated arrival time; Announcement of a new airline savings of $50 to $75 in operating required fuel reserve and planned service industry -- computer flight costs through cutting the time the payload. Special U. S. Weather planninJ -- recently was made by aircraft is in flight. Even more Bureau forecasts of upper air con­ Frederick G. McNally, Chairman of importantly, however, the cir­ ditions over the Atlantic, obtained the Board of Aero Performance, craft's payload potential is in­ every six hours, are analyzed by M Inc., Manhasset, N.Y. The first creased substantia lly. Here every the computer to produce a precise operational flight that actually minute saved may be worth $100 to determination of wind directions followed a plan developed by API's $200. and velocities and temperatures. IBM computer was Swissair's Flight After all of the variable data is 801 to Europe last July 1. Since Not only airlines, but pass­ entered into the computer, its then, more than 1000 jet airliners engers also benefit directly from high-speed card punch turns out )$, have crossed the North Atlantic computer flight planning, McNally the flight plans in the form of from the U. S. to Europe faster pointed out. "The last man aboard IBM cards at the rate of 125 cards and more economically because of a jet flight may owe his seat to a per minute. The cards then are API's compu ter . savings in fuel load made possible entered into an IBM telegraphic by our computer-planned flight card reader which converts the data At present there are four route." on the cards into telegraphic code airlines -- Swissair, SAS, KLM, and for direct teletype transmission Seaboard World -- using the API The IBM 1620 computer used by to the airlines. Service for their jet flights to API maps out North Atlantic air Europe. Routine operations pro­ , routes by using a combination of Both an optimum route and al­ vide daily service for such major fixed and variable data. Perman­ ternate routes can be given with l terminals in North America as New ently stored in the computer are the comparative advantages of each. York, Chicago, Boston, Montreal, the individual airline's specifi­ Routes also can be tailored to meet and Charleston to the European des­ cations for the maximum fuel ca­ the airline's objectives for each tinations of Copenhagen, Frankfurt, pacity of the aircraft involved; flight -- maximum payload or mini­ Zurich, Amsterdam, London, Paris, operating weight empty; climb mum time, distance, or fuel con­ Rome, Lisbon, and Geneva. time, fuel and distance; aircraft sumption. altitude capability as limited by The computer's advantage over gross weight and air current char­ The Computer Flight Planning standard flight planning methods acteristics; fuel flow for a vari­ System has been tested by TWA and lies in the fact that it can blend ety of cruise schedules; speed other carriers. Several airlines last-minute weather information capabilities for these situations; have asked for extension of the wi th a multi tude of other factors and the descent time, fuel, and Service to cover westbound flights alld come up almost instantly with distance. The system currently to the U. S. from Europe. Already the best possible flight plan, handles such data for a variety of under study are the prospects for which may shave minutes -- and models of Boeing 707 and Douglas expansion of the service to air op­ hundreds of dollars in cost -- off DC-8 passenger and cargo jets with erations in the domestic U. S., every flight. both straight jet and fan engines. Pacific Ocean Region, and the "polar routes". The average time saving real- For each individual jet flight (For more information, circle 41 i zed on Europe-bound flights, the computer will review detailed on the Readers Service Card.) McNally said, is about five minutes. primary route and alternate route TId s reduces the aircraft's fuel data; maximum allowable gross

COM!'! JTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 39 Newsletter

COMPUTER USED TO PICK efforts of grade-school children prior information for the computer, BEST SITES FOR WATER to the fast scribbles of college to 18 measurements to describe any professors. Recognition of ma­ written letter, and only eight for A new computer method for eval­ chine-printed letters is relative­ a hand-printed letter. uating the water supply in any area ly easy; investigators in the field and determining where to drill new have already developed such com­ While reducing the amount of wells has been developed by Profs. puter programs for research pro­ prior information the computer Robert B. Johnson, Purdue Univers­ jects. But to get the computer to needs, they have also increased ity School of Civil Engineering, recognize and act on a wider vari­ its skill at recognition. With and H. Grant Goodell, Florida State ety of visual patterns, none pre­ the present program, it is accu­ University Department of Geology. cisely alike and none completely rate 93.1% of the time in reading The new method was demo~strated to predictable (as in handwriting, hand-printed characters, and 88% the Geological Society of America weather maps, or targets in space), with written characters. at a recent meeting in Miami requires a system of far greater Beach, Fla. complexity.

Their method is a statistical Prof. King-sun Fu and gradu­ analysis of ground-water movements. ate student C. H. Chen, of Purdue's NEW CONTRACTS They provide the computer with School of Electrical Engineering thousands of statistics about a have taken a long step in that di­ specific area -- the water levels rection. With the system they of a great number of wells at many have developed, the computer learns different times, and the day to day CONTROL DATA CORPORATION from each new handwritten or hand­ PLACES LARGEST DEVICE ORDER rainfall -- and the computer, fol­ printed sample it "sees", changing IN FAIRCHILD HISTORY lowing their mathematical instruc­ its programmed instructions so it tion, creates a map showing zones can recognize still more varieties Fairchild Semiconductor, Moun­ of unusual water accumulation -­ of the same letters. They have tain View, Calif., has received that is, places where surface and accomplished this by applying a from Control Data Corporation of rain water may be trapped in the sequential decision procedure, not earth, as compared with places Minneapolis, Minn., what is believed previously used in practical prob­ to be the largest single commercial where it runs off and is lost. By lems of pattern recognition. It inference, they are able to picture order ever placed for silicon tran­ means the computer makes a series sistors and diodes. Initial ship­ the soil and rock formations be­ of decisions in sequence; the re­ neath the surface. ping release on the order calls suI t of each calculation governs for delivery of 10 million transis­ the next. As the final step it tors and 2~ million diodes. Approx­ With such a map, the geologist prints out the letter it recognizes. or water-supply engineer can deter­ imate value of this first increment mine the future water resources in against the purchase order is Fu and Chen worked with the $5 million. the area, whether they are dimin­ written and printed samples of 10 ishing or increasing, and the im­ people at a time -- 30 people al­ mediate as well as long-term ef­ According to Robert N. Kisch, together, at all levels of educa­ vice president and general manager fects of water use and of local tion. Each subject was asked to rainfall. In the area investi­ of Control Data's computer division, write and print 20 samples of each the components will be used in the gated for illustration (Jefferson letter of the alphabet. To trans­ County, Fla.), during a two and a CDC 6600 computer system. The 6600 late the letters into the mathe­ design calls for more transistors half year period, they found that matical expressions understood by the earth formation is not open to in relation to other components the computer, the samples were than have been used in any computer the surface, and most of the local magnified and placed on a photo­ rainfall runs off into the Gulf of before -- more than a half-million cell grid, which made it possible transistors in each computer. Mexico. But the regional rainfall, to describe the characteristic over a long period of time, does pattern of each letter in a set of Delivery of transistors and eventually raise the underground measurements. They could also be water level. diodes in this order, began during measured by an electronic scanner. the fourth quarter of 1964 and will Comparison of computer-made carry through 1965 and part of From all the measurements, 1966, when other shipping releases maps with maps drawn manually re­ which the computer analyzed sta­ veal that the computer provides of similar magnitude are expected tistically, it arrived at an av­ against the purchase order. far better and more reliable in­ erage set of characteristics (or formation about underground water numbers) for each letter. Any than has been previously possible. type of writing or printing of the Profs. Johnson and Goodell said le,tter, when so measured, would that the method also could be use­ approximate the average measure­ CSC AWARDED $1 MILLION ful in selecting the safest places ments for that letter. At the NASA CONTRACT for waste water disposal. same time, the computer was learn­ Computer Sciences Corporation, ing to recognize the patterns made El Segundo, Calif., has been awarded by these sets of measurements. a new contract of up to $1,000,000 for computer programming services COMPUTER GAINS SKILL IN Although Fu and Chen began DECIPHERING HANDWRITING from the National Aeronautics and with the complete statistical de­ Sp3ce Administration's Goddard scription, comprising hundreds of Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. An IBM 7090 computer at Pur­ measurements, for each letter, due University has been "learning" they report that continuing analy­ to read handwriting and hand-print­ The NASA contract covers a sis has reduced the number of de­ three-year period during which CSC ing ranging in legibility from the scriptive measurements required as

:10 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1~()5 Newsletter

peak load periods; and indicate wi 11 provid'~ such services as math­ the production of a meta-assembly ematical and physical analysis, program and various utility reserve units to be used in case systems analysis, scientific pro­ programs. of emergency. gramming, operational analysis and The control system combines documentation. The meta-assembly process is a Programmatics development which the advantages of digital and permits one computer to assemble analog techniques. Supplied under programs for numerous other com­ sub-contract by General Electric, NAVY AWARDS puters. This award calls for the the digital computer system pro­ vides memory and logic, while the BUNKER-RAMO production of such an assembly HYBRID COMPUTER STUDY system for the RCA 110A computer. analog system manufactured by The meta-assembler will be used Leeds & Northrup provides the The Navy Bureau of Ships has for assembling programs used in qualities of simultaneous control, awarded Bunker-Ramo's Defense Sys­ the SATURN checkout system. continuous monitoring and backup tems Division, Canoga Park, Calif., facilities. Leeds & Northrup has a $95,000 contract for a hybrid been given complete system respon­ computer study that may define the sibility for design, engineering standard Navy computer of the MITSUBISHI ORDERS and installation. future. DATA PRODUCTS DISCflLES The nine month study will de­ fine in detail a variety of Navy Mitsubishi Ltd. of Japan has GP's LINK GROUP computational requirements from placed an order in excess of one­ RECEIVES $7 MILLION CONTRACT routine "housekeeping chores" of half million dollars for DISCfILESNew York City and Westchester sion simulators, astronauts will by both military personnel and County. be able to prepare for the entire, contractors on a time-shared two-week Apollo mission. multi-access basis from remote lo­ The new system is scheduled cations. Consequently the file to begin operations in 1966, and Two LEM simulators will be structure will have to facilitate will be housed in Con Edison's produced for installation at the retrieval and analysis of Energy Control Center in Man­ NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, many different and changing types hattan. It will allocate elec­ Houston, and Cape Kennedy. of reliability information. tric generation to any of 23 single or groups of generators in Con Edison's 12 power plants serving the five boroughs of New RCA AWARDS CONTRACTS York and Westchester County. TO PROGRAMMATICS INC. In addition, the system will Progra~matics Incorporated, provide automatic interchange Los Angeles, Calif., has been scheduling between Con Edison and awarded two contracts by the Radio cooperating systems; will appor­ Corporation of America involving tion power to key areas during

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 ·1 I Newsletter

EVANGELISTIC ASSOCIATION Institute offers a Master of Science NEW INSTALLATIONS TO INSTALL GE-415 degree in Textile Technology and is the research and information arm The Billy Graham Evangelistic for ISO mills representing over Association, Minneapolis, Minn., 6,000,000 spindles in the textile BOWDOIN INSTALLS has placed an order with General industry, located from Canada to IBM 1620 Electric Co. for a GE-415 computer. Texas. The machine will be used in the Technicians have completed distribution of the association's The new 1620 computer will en­ installation of a new IBM 1620 com­ magazine, "Decision", and in main­ able the school to expand its puting system at Bowdoin College, taining files of names and ad­ classes in advanced management tech­ Brunswick, Me. Hotised temporarily dresses for the organization's niques, and will enable them to in the College's Searles Science fund raising activities. probe areas of research that would be Building, the $100,000 computer impossible without the calculating and its components will be moved The Billy Graham Evangelistic and processing speed of a computer. into Hubbard Hall, Bowdoin's pres­ Association is a "support" organ­ ent Library, when work on its new ization, created to administer Library building is completed late much of the paperwork associated this year. with Rev. Graham's world-wide re­ TRAVELERS INSURANCE RECEIVES ligious activities. FIRST SHIPMENT OF The new compu ter wi II be used NEW COMPUTER SYSTEM in teaching, research, and admin­ The new GE-415 data process­ istrative functions. Professor ing system, scheduled for delivery Delivery of a UNIVAC 490 Real­ Robert A. Walkling, Chairman of in February, replaces two IBM 1401 Time computing system has been made the College's Computing Center Com­ computers. to The Travelers Insurance Companies, mittee, said several courses now Hartford, Conn., by Sperry Rand Cor­ being taught at Bowdoin will be poration's UNIVAC Division. The enhanced by use of the new system, equipment will be housed in the among them Advanced Analytical PHYSICISTS TO USE PDP-5 north wing of The Travelers Data Chemistry, Statistics, and Psych­ FOR COSMIC RAY STUDIES Center. Within the next several ological Measurements. years additional UNIVAC 490 systems The Physics Department of the will be added to complete the sys­ So that they will be able to University of Arizona has ordered tem. make fullest use of the new equip­ a Programmed Data Processor-5 com­ ment, members of the Faculty and puter from Digital Equipment Corp­ The recently deliver8d system Staff at the College are attending oration of Maynard, Mass., for use is part of what is believed to be a series of lectures to learn its in studying cosmic ray phenomena. one of the largest single commer­ uses and operation. At the invi­ cial computer installations in the tation of the Computer Center Com­ The PDP-5 will perform on-line country. It will be a message mittee, a representative of the scanning of wire spark chambers. handling as well as a data process­ IBM Corporation is conducting the The chambers will function with ing system and will be installed once-a-week meetings. particle detectors to record the over a period of several years. De­ passage of each particle. The livery of the next UNIVAC 490 sys­ computer will make a permanent tem is scheduled for mid-1965. record of all the events and will 1000TH NCR COMPUTER SYSTEM be used to perform kinematic anal­ INSTALLED AT yses seeking to identify the FIDELITY MUTUAL LIFE particles. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA INSTALLS SDS 930 The National Cash Register The Uni versi ty of Arizona sys­ Company disclosed that its 1000th tem includes a 4096-word core mem­ An SDS 930 Computer with computer system has been installed ory, an additional equipment bay, 16,384 words of memory has been in­ at Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance and a console tape-teleprinter. stalled at the University of Cali­ Company, Philadelphia, Pa. fornia at Berkeley. The 930 is used on a time-sharing basis by The system is an NCR 315 scientific researchers located which will process insurance rec­ INSTITUTE OF TEXTILE throughout the campus. Each remote ords for Fidelity Mutual Life's TECHNOLOGY EXPANDS station is equipped with a Teletype more than 200,000 policyowners. COMPUTER FACILITIES Keyboard/Printer. The 930 also It will compute policy valuations communicates with a previously in­ including dividends, reserve and The Insti tute of Textile Tech­ stalled SDS 910 computer and an cash value, prepare premium notices ?ology, Charlottesville, Va., has IBM 7094. and provide actuarial statistics. Installed an IBM 1620 computer as Future applications will include part of an effort to enlarge the actuarial studies, investment an­ scope of its research, academic, alysis and general accounting. and information programs. PROVIDENT SAVINGS INSTALLS NEW COMPUTER The Insti tute of Textile Tech­ nology, founded in 1944, has con­ Provident Savings Bank of Bal­ tinued as a privately-owned organ­ timore, Md., which recently passed ization providing research, edu­ the $200 million mark in volume of cation, and informational services deposits, has announced the instal­ to member textile companies. The lation of a new IBM 1460 computer to handle its growing business.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1905 Newsletter

The IBM 1460 system contains and statements, interest and divi­ five minutes. Bank employees now information concerning some 180,000 dend computation, payroll and se­ can make ~ customer inquiry direct­ savings accounts, 16,000 mortgages curity margining. ly to the computer center. There, and 22,000 consumer loans -- and two IBM 1014 operators query the ruom for more to accommodate computer for the desired informa­ future growth. tion. The computer types out a FURNITURE SALES reply on a card which then also Provident was the first sav­ TO BE ANALYZED serves as a record of the inquiry. ings bank in the country to estab­ BY H-400 SYSTEM lish branches, and in 1961, was the first savings institution in Kroehler Manufacturing Co~­ the Baltimore area to install a pany, Naperville, Ill., interna­ ARTIFICIAL FLOWER COMPANY computer. tionally known furniture manufac­ INSTALLS COMPUTER turer, has recently installed a computer at its headquarters to Zunino Altman, Inc., a sub­ keep track of sales and to spot sidiary of Revlon, and the world's AMERICAN CAN COMPANY areas where sales need bolstering. largest manufacturer and importer INSTALLS COMMUNICATIONS of artificial flowers, has installed CONTROL SYSTEM Each day, sales information a Honeywell 200 data processing from the firm's 15 plants through­ system at its Ridgefield, N.J., The American Can Com~any has out the U. S. and Canada will be distribution headquarters; it is inaugurated a computerized commun­ processed through a Honeywell 400 the first company in its field to ications relay system which is ex­ computer, which will analyze the install a computer for the sole pected to handle 1,640,000 messages data and h0lp Kruehler management purpose of handling artificial annually, involving automatic rout­ pinpoint locales and product lines flower data processing tasks. ing of more than 106 million words. that require sales emphasis. The company also will provide sales The computer will help Zunino Heart of the new automatic analyses for its major customers Altman keep track of orders from system, located in suburban Oak to aid them in forecasting demands 20,000 chain stores, department Brook, Ill., is an IBM 7740 com­ in their marketinJ areas. stores, retailers and florist jOb­ munications control system which bers, and to forecast seasonal de­ links together more than 100 Amer­ In addition, the computer mands for more than 2000 different ican Can Company plants and offices will perform scheduling, produc­ artificial flower styles, ranging for almost instantaneous reception tion and material control, labor from asters to zinnias. In addi­ of messages. distribution and general account­ tion, the system will also keep in'] functions for the home office, track of an inventory of millions The message relay center will furniture plants, fabric ware­ of individual flowers, plants and use more than 45,000 miles of wire houses, saw mills and cotton trees in transit from 50 manufac­ circ~its leased from the American blending plants maintained by the turing plants in Hong Kong, or lo­ Telephone and Telegraph Company. company. cated at three regional warehouses A total of 150 American Can Com­ in Ridgefield, Baltimore and Los pany installations will eventually The System includes a central Angeles. be served by the automatic message processor with 2048 words of mem­ relay. equipment. ory, five magnetic tape drives, a The Honeywell 200 consists of high-speed printer, card reader­ a central processor with 12,288 punch and a paper tape reader. characters of memory, five magnetic tape transports, a card reader­ INVESTMENT FIRM TO HANDLE punch and a hig~-speed printer. COMMODITIES SERVICES BY COMPUTER BANK OF DELAWARE INSTALLS IBM 1410-1301 E. F. Hutton & Company, Inc., WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY New York, N.Y., a leading nation­ The Bank of Delaware (Wil. INSTALLS COMPUTER SYSTEM wide investment firm, has announced mington) has announced installa­ that with the addition of a fourth tion of an IBM 1410-1301 computer West Virginia University, Mor­ RCA computer system it will become system which provides answers to gantown, W. Va., has completed in­ the first firm electronically hand­ customers questions regarding stallation of a new computer sys­ ling commodities transactions. checking, savings and installment tem. Dr. Paul A. Miller, president loan accounts -- in as little as of WVU, said the equipment provides The new RCA 301 computer will 45 seconds. the university with data processing be installed at Hutton's data pro­ capabilities comparable to other cessing center in New York, which Within the next six months, major universities. Prior to in­ already utilizes two of the 30l's an IBM audio response unit will be stallation of the IBM 7040 and 1401 and a larger RCA 501 computer added which literally will speak computers, these needs were met by system. out the answers to questions, right two medium-size computers operating at the teller's window, wi thin 10 24 hours a day. With the addition of the new seconds after the inquiry. compu t.er system, E. F. Hutton plans In addition to use in research to add new services for its more The bank now handles some 600 projects, WVA's Computer Center is than 77,000 active securities and inquIrIes per day, half of which used annually by more than 400 commodities customers in the U. S. occur wi thi n a two-hour period. students in their studies. and Ell rope. Present tasks being Formerly, these were handled man­ pt!rformed at Hutton's data center ually through separate departments i IIC lllde bookkeeping, stock record and response could take as long as

C01'>IPU'I'ERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 Newsletter

CONTROL DATA, DATATROL element in a navigation system for ORGANIZATION NEWS PLAN MERGER long range aircraft. The agreement between the two companies calls for William C. Norris, President the marketing, field support and of Control Data Corporation, and overhaul, and possibly the manu­ BUNKER.RAMO, 3C ANNOUNCE Hugh P. Donaghue, President of facture of the VARS system. INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER Datatrol Corporation, recently AGREEMENT issued the following joint state­ Particular significance was ment: given to the agreement, and the The Bunker-Ramo Corporation possible use of VARS by the Canad­ and Computer Control Company, Inc. "The officers of Control Data ian Armed Forces, by Mr. D. B. have announced the conclusion of Corporation and Datatrol Corpora­ Annan, Vice President of de Havil­ arrangements making available to tion have been negotiating and land. The VARS is used presently Bunker-Ramo 3C computer hardware have reached a preliminary under­ in the navigation of aircraft en­ and technology on a worldwide basis. standing, subject to final agree­ gaged in anti-submarine warfare, The arrangements cover both present ment, regarding the acquisition of radar picket flights and similar and future computer developments by Datatrol Corporation by Control long-range missions. Currently, 3C and contemplate long term con­ Data Corporation. The merger is it is being manufactured for in­ tractual cooperation between the subject to final approval by stallation in the Brequet 1150 two companies. These arrangements shareholders of Datatrol and by "Atlantic", a maritime patrol air­ permit Bunker-Ramo to supplement the Board of Directors of both craft used by NATO. its own hardware developments so firms." as to market a braad line of com­ puter systems. The acquisition will involve the exchange of approximately five ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY, As an immediate result of the shares of Datatrol stock for one SUBJECT OF AGREEMENT arrangements with 3C, the present share of Control Data stock. Bunker-Ramo computer line, includ­ Agreements have been signed ing the new BR340, will be expand­ between IBM Corporation, Harris ed by the addition of a smaller, Intertype Corporation and the Mead low cost computer to be marketed PLANNING RESEARCH CORP. Corporation in the field of elec­ as the BR 335. This will have ENTERS NUMERICAL trophotography. The agreements, applications to small process con­ CONTROL FIELD which had been under negotiation trol systems, as well as more gen­ for some months, could facilitate eral applications in manufacturing Planning Research Corp., Los IBM's entry into the office copy­ operations and in scientific and Angeles, Calif., announced that ing field. engineering uses. it has extended its capabilities into the field of numerical con­ Under the contracts, IBM will 3C is a leading manufacturer trol. A new section has been obtain from Harris Intertype an and marketer of general purpose created within PRC's Information option for a non-exclusive license computers. Bunker-Ramo is a major Systems Division to handle the under certain Harris electrophoto­ supplier of process control systems. work. graphic developments and patent applications. If IBM exercises Though many major manufactur­ its option with Harris and markets ers have employed their own parts office copying machines utilizing COMPUTRON INC. programmers to institute auto­ the Harris technology, the Mead JOINS BASF mated systems, most smaller shops Corporation will supply the copy­ retain independent consultants ing paper. Computron Inc., Waltham, Mass. such as Planning Research to im­ (USA), and Badische Anilin-& plement their systems. Dr. Robert Harris Intertype has developed Soda-Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft, W. Krueger, president of PRC, re­ electrostatic map printers for the (BASF) Ludwigshafen/Rhein/Germany, ported that the company's initial U. S. Government in addition to have jointly announced that Compu­ efforts will be made in the South­ office copying developments. Mead tron Inc. has become a wholly-owned ern California area, where it al­ has carried out a joint research subsidiary in the BASF-Group. ready has several contracts for project with Harris on electro­ numerical control systems. It static printing papers and cur­ Computron Inc., manufacturers will gradually expand throughout rently manufactures paper for the of magnetic tape, will continue op­ the U. S. Harris Intertype electrostatic map erations in their Waltham facili­ printers. ties under present management. BASF, a producer of dyestuffs, chem­ icals and plastics, was also the TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION producer of the world's first mag­ FORMED FOR NAVIGATION COMPUTER USAGE COMPANY netic recording tapes in 1934. SYSTEM SALES IN CANADA OPENS OFFICE IN HOUSTON Computron Inc. markets its products in the United States and throughout Joseph B. Heimann, Division Computer Usage Company, Inc., the world. President, announced that the Sys­ specialists in computer programming tems Division of General Precision's and problem analysis, have opened a Aerospace Group and de Havilland new sales and operations facility Aircraft of Canada Limited have in Houston, Texas. CUC also main­ formed a technical association to tains offices in Washington, New market, in Canada, General Preci­ York, Boston, Los Angeles and San sion's Vertical Azimuth Reference Franci seo. System (VARS). VARS is the central.

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for Janu:lry, 19(i') Newsletter

COMPUTING CENTERS NEW PRODUCTS

COOPERATIVE COMPUTER CENTER and more accurate than most mathe­ FOR DELAWARE HOSPITALS -Digital matical and engineering tables. (For more information, circle 42 A cooperative venture in elec­ on the Readers Service Card.) tronic data processing, linking - three independent hospitals to ~ LOGARITHMIC central IBM computer, has been In­ COMPUTING INSTRUMENT itiated in Wilmington, Del. The SPACE COMPUTER new computer center, known as EDCO Wang Laboratories, Inc., Tewks­ DEVELOPED BY IBM (Electronic Data Coordinated Oper­ bury, Mass., has announced their FOR MOON ROCKET ations), is the result of a move­ new LOCI (LOgarithmic fomputing ment in the Wilmington area to Instrument1: a compact electronic One of the most reliable com­ unify the accounting operations computer which can be used on desk puters ever developed for a space of Delaware Hospital, Wilmington tops or tables. LOCI-l has been system has been described by Glenn General Hospital and Memorial Hos­ designed to extend the personal C. Randa, design engineer from the pi tal, representing a total of over computing power of the scientist IBM Federal Systems Division, Rock­ 1000 beds. and the engineer. ville, Md. The suitcase size com­ puter is to steer 30-story-high Here is how the system works: With its storage registers Saturn V rockets and their Apollo When a patient is admitted, all and keyboard, it performs all of spacecraft during the first leg of relevant information is trans­ the operations found in ordinary the manned trip to the moon. Ac­ mitted to the computer center where calculators. However, LOCI's log­ cording to Randa, the computer is the individual record is entered arithmic principle of operation three times faster and sixty times into the memory disks of the com­ enables it to function with unus­ more reliable than the guidance puter. Each of the memory disk ual flexibility and unparalleled computer that steered an unmanned files can hold over two million power, reducing the number of Saturn I rocket into orbit last digits or characters of informa­ steps needed for many types of September. Both the Saturn I and tion. Subsequently, whenever a complex calculations. Saturn V digital computers were service is performed -- such as a developed for NAS~'s Marshall Space laboratory examination -- the in­ Fligh Center by engineers at the formation is transmitted through IBM Space Guidance Center in Owego, N.Y. a terminal to the computer where ~"'-W'0" the record is updated. When the patient leaves, the comput~r i~ IBM has also designed a data queried and the complete bIll IS "'i+I'.''::;. adapter for the Saturn moon rocket. typed out, automatically, at the This 176-pound box of highly com­ outuoing desk. pressed and advanced electronics ties the computer with all the The new computer system re­ other on-board systems that feed lieves hospital personnel of rou­ data into the computer and use its tine paperwork, allowing them more calculations. time for professional duties. Furthermore, instead of receiving an incomplete, often uninte~lig­ ible bill for 35 to 40 serVIces performed, the patient rece~ves. For example, square roots and a complete bill clearly indIcatIng reciprocals of square roots may be the services performed and the co st computed with one-key strokes. Ex­ for each. ponential and logarithmic opera­ tions are accomplished with equal Additionally, important sta­ ease. Briefly, the logarithmic tistical information will be read­ regi ster accumulates the logari thms ily available to hospital manage­ of numbers much as an ordinary ac­ ment. With this kind of informa­ cumulator stores the result of ad­ tion retrieval ability, hospital ditions and subtractions. The management will be able to evalu­ logarithms are automatically gen­ ate where services can be im­ erated when the appropriate func­ -- IBM engineers test a proved, where resources should be tion keys are pressed. The anti­ prototype of the 77-pound allocated and where costs can be log of a number in the logarith­ computer that will help cu t • mic register is also obtained upon guide the six-million­ a single key command. pound Saturn V launch ve­ hicle wi th its Apo 110 Answers of eight- to ten-digit spacecraft into earth precision are available at elec­ orbit and, when all is tronic speeds upon the clearly ready, out of that orbit legible Nixie display. The LOCI-I, towards the moon. although simple to operate, is more flexible than a slide rule

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 ·'i5 Newsletter

The computer holds information Philco models. All programs devel­ that has been stored in its memory oped by Phi lco and Philco 2000 users before launch, plus electronic cir­ over the past seven years, can be cuits that perform guidance and run on the 213 without reprogramming. checkout calculations at speeds measured in millionths of a sec­ As many as four processors may ond. The data adapter acts as the be included in a 213 system. Each computer's communications link with processor is able to address any other parts of the Saturn V and character or word in up to two mil­ wi th ground eq·lipment. ' lion words of memory. A memory pro­ tect system precludes inter-process­ The work of the comuuter and or interference. data adapter was describ~d in the fo llowi ng way: The key software element is an Executive System Program. This is The equipment's duties begin -- The microminiature cir­ being designed to control all pro­ before launch when ground monitors cuit package shown here was cessors and peripheral units in use it to check out itself in a used in the Saturn V com­ the system. complete simulated mission. Then puter. There are a total sta:ting at liftoff, the computer' of 8918 tiny unit logic The Philco 213 Information navIgates and steers the six­ devices in each computer Handling System also provides: million-pound vehicle towards orbit and data adapter in the memory access time of less than 900 guidance system (single Du 7ing the ~scent, the computer re-· nanoseconds; expanded command field cel ves raw Information on speed and device shown held at left). providing future growth capability; ULDs are mounted by infra­ at~itude from the data adapter, mass random access storage, shared WhICh has collected the information red solder reflow on inter­ by any processor, providing trans­ from sensors elsewhere in the rock­ connection boards which mission speeds up to two million et. The computer processes this in turn, are inte~connect­ characters per second and storage raw data into steering commands to ed back to back to form of more than 665 million characters· equipment that keeps Saturn on page assemblies (right). magnetic tape units with transfer ' course. The computer also issues Each Saturn computer has rates of 120,000 6- or 8-bit char­ the commands to drop off the first 1?0 page assemblies, each acters per second; and multiple wIth an average of 500 and second stages when they have remote input-output stations and burned out. components. There are long-range Data Communications more than 50 types of ULDs Terminals. After the Saturn and its in the IBM computer, each (For more information circle 45 containing up to 17 com­ Apollo payload get into orbit about on the Readers Servic~ Card.) Earth, the computer shuts off the ponents including tran­ S~IVB third stage rocket stage en­ s!stors, diodes, and re­ gIne and checks it out as the ve­ sIstors. hicle coasts around the earth. It SURVEYING COMPUTER sends this test data to the ground same problem is presented simul­ taneously to two other identical where it is analyzed. If all tests .P~cific Data Systems, Inc., a are satisfactory, the computer is modules. I~ one module has failed and issues an incorrect signal a SubsIdIary of Electronic Associates radioed to restart the S-IVB rocket Inc., Santa Ana, Calif., has an- ' engine at the exact moment that will majori ty "voter" ci rcui t only , passes on data from the two other n~unced.the PDS 1020 SUPR computer send the Apollo towards the moon. wIth WhICh common surveying prob­ When the Apollo and the Saturn are ci rcui ts that agree with each other: Still another circuit called a . lems can be easily computed. No on the final course for the moon " • t formal computer training is re­ the computer issues the signal t~ dIsagreement detector", signals ground equipment whenever voter quired, and proficient operation separate the third stage from the can be learned within ~n hour. manned moon vehicle, and the burned circuit inputs are not identical out stage with the IBM system then W~thout this booster-to-ground • falls behind as the Apollo space­ sIgnal, ground monitors WDuld not craft flies on to the moon on the know there had been a failure in course the computer has navigated the guidance system because the for it. TMR feature insures that the sys­ ~em wi~l ~perate accurately even The computer and data adapter If an IndIvidual part should fail. designed to perform these tasks A. reliability of over 99% is pre­ will ride near the top of the 360 dIcted for a 250 hour operation. foot-high Saturn V. Both units will be in the launch vehicle's Instrument Unit -- a three-foot­ high, 22-foot-diameter slice of PHILCO 213 the vehicle located between the upper stage and the Apollo payload. The latest and most powerful ~lectroni~ data processing system In the PhIlco Corporation's 2000 The simplicity of its opera­ . A ~riple modular redundancy series is the Philco 213. The 213 tion is best illustrated by the desIgn IS used in the space com­ e~se of data entry. Bearing and puter to get a 20-fold increase in has m~lti-processing capabilities for sImultaneous computation of dIstances are keyed in from an reliability over a completely non­ adding machine type keyboard. The rel~ted or independent problems. :cdundant system. When a problem type of calculation is selected IS presented to one module, the It IS compatible with the earlier

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 Newsletter

merely ~y pushing the desired but­ boards required to control punched­ ational design of an information ton: traverse, horizontal curve, card machines have been replaced by processing system -- including both inverse, supersine (including criss­ stored programs called forth by hardware and software elements, was cross and angle-cross), square root, control cards. described at the 1964 Fall Joint angle conversion and others. Computer Conference. The program, called the Data Processing System In addition to checking clos­ Simulator (DPSS), was originally ure, the SUPR will compute the area designed by System Development of a traverse in square feet and Corp., Santa Monica, Calif., for in acres; the traverse area includ­ analysis and development of the in­ ing or excluding curved areas; and formation processing requirements the area, delta angle, arc, chord of the Strategic Air Command Con­ and semi-tangent of a curve when trol System (SACCS). The DPSS has given radial and two bearings. It been adapted to permit application will also provide the error of to other systems in various stages closure and type out the correction of design and development. course with bearing and distance -- The first punched card required to correct the error of tabulating machine, invent­ Through the use of the DPSS, closure. ed"in 1890 by Dr. Herman the total system design can be sub­ (For more information, circle 43 Hollerith, contrasts with jected to a rigorous analysis and on the Readers Service Card.J new IBM System/360 Model 20. evaluation early in the design pro­ Hollerith's machine was de­ cess so that key decisions can be signed to automate tabula­ made in the areas of: the kind of tion of the 1890 U.S. cen­ equipment to be used; the number IBM INTRODUCES sus -- at a speed of 10 of each type of equipment; the kind LOW-COST cards a minutes. System/ of data processing discipline and IBM SYSTEM/360 360 can read up to 1000 strategy required; the projected cards a minute while sim­ performance of the system under A low-cost version of IBM Sys­ ultaneously performing varying loads; the system's maxi­ tem/3~O now makes the use of an high-speed computations. mum capacity; the system's ability electronic computer practical for to respond as a function of load­ many companies which could not pre­ The new System/360 configura­ ing, capacity, and environment. viously afford one. The nomputer, tion also has data communications known as the IBM System/360 1I,,,,del capabi li ty t making po ssible its use It is pointed out that DPSS 20, includes major advances over in widespread information systems. is not regarded as a cure-all for traditional punched-card account­ For efficient operation, the sys­ the problems of system design. Its ing methods. tem uses overlapped processing to designers feel, however, that it is permit several activities to take a powerful analytic tool, which, if IBM Corporation said this is place simultaneously. properly used, can be of invaluable the culmination of an international aid to the user and designer in product development program. Ele­ The System/360 punched card studying systems under development ments of the new system were de­ processor contains logic and con­ and making better design decisions. veloped at the Boeblingen, German~ trol circuits as well as memory (For more information, circle 46 laboratory of the IBM World Trade and eight l6-bit registers. Its on the Readers Service Card.) Corporation, and at IBM facilities magnetic core storage has a capac­ in San Jose, Calif. ity of 4096 eight-bit characters, or 8192 packed decimal digits. A new peripheral unit, the Memory speed for a read-wri te cycle SPECIFICATION VISIBILITY IBM 2560 multi-function card ma­ is 3.6 microseconds. Data is ac­ AND CONTROL chine, enables the system to per­ cessed from memory one eight-bit form many card-handling jobs which character at a time. Business Technicians, Inc., previously required four off-line Anaheim, Calif., has announced the machines. The result is a drastic The Model 20 processing de­ development and implementation of reduction in processing time. For vice uses the same instructions a new computer program designed to example, a billing operation hand­ and instruction format as other provide the Government and Govern­ ling some 5000 bills each cycle, System/360 processors. In addi tion ment contractors with Specification would take nine separate punched to the 2560 multi-function card Visibility and Control to any de­ card steps and seven hours of ac­ maChine, the user has an option of sired level of reference. The sys­ counting machine time. With the several input-output devices. tem was developed to provide defense new system it can be done in one (For more information, circle 44 contractors with the specification step and two-and-a-half hours. on the Readers Service Card.) visibility necessary to keep abreast of current Government procurement The IBM 2560 can read, manipu­ practices and requirements. lat.l! and punch cards from two sep­ arate card hoppers. The device Basically, in the matter of rends up to 500 cards a minute, Software but a few hours, BTl can provide a punches up to 90 cards a minute, specification tree listing all pos­ nlld prints up to 100 cards a min­ sible military and Federal specifi­ ute. Cards are fed into five com­ cations and their applicable amend­ mon ou tpu t stackers to permit merg­ DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM ments to any Government contract, i 1I

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 Newsletter

contract peculiar information such The Mod 2 files will include as superseding company documents; Memories three basic machine sizes, each interpretation of certain speci­ modularly designed to accommodate fications, applicable paragraphs, from one to its maximum complement deletions, and waivers. of discs. The Mod 2 Series 4000A NEW BRYANT DISC FILE will contain up to 6 data discs The program is not only eco­ with a single head positioning sys­ nomical but provides a substantial A new random-access mass mem­ tem; the Mod 2 Series 4000B and risk reduction in Government con­ ory -- designated the Mod 2 Series Series 4000C, up to 13 data discs tracts, thereby improving a com­ 4000 Disc File -- has been devel­ and 25 data discs, respectively, pany's competitive position. oped by Bryant Computer Products, with the option of one of two head (For more information, circle 48 Walled Lake, Mich. positioning systems. Each Mod 2 on the Readers Service Card.) file will contain an extra disc The Mod 2, designed to be for clocking data, additional data competitive with the IBM 1302, in­ storage and fast accessing cludes three important design im­ capabili ty. COMPUTER PROGRAM AIDS provements over the Bryant Series SAVINGS AND LOAN 4000 Disc File, namely: (1) a All Mod 2 models will have MANAGEMENT dual-positioning system; (2) 600 self-contained environmental con­ bit-per-inch recording in all trol and the capability of provid­ A new package of computer in­ zones and for all file sizes; and ing packing densities of 600 bits structions called Program for the (3) an exceptionally wide range of per inch across all zones of the Allocation of Resources of Savings operating capability in terms of recording discs. and Loan Associations has been de­ insensitivity to temperature/hum­ (For more information, circle 49 veloped by the IBM Corporation. idity environments. These new on the Readers Service Card.) The program enables savings and disc files also will incorporate loan executives to use IBM 1401 or 1440 computers as an aid in making a modular styling option -- where­ in the front panels of the Mod 2 financial policy decisions. file can easily be modified to be DATA PRODUCTS ANNOUNCES compatible in appearance with the LOW-COST DISCflLE SYSTEM Under control of the resource equipment with which it is being allocation program, a computer can used. The low-cost Model dp/f-5022 compare the effects of a large num­ DISCfILEffi is now available from ber of key financial decisions. Data Products Corporation, Culver The program also enables the com­ City, Calif., for special purpose p~ter to consider an unlimited computer makers or data systems number of variables and 46 restric­ builders. This latest model of tions. Variables would consist of the 5000 Series DISCfILE product all sources of funds and alloca­ line is offered in capacities tion possibilities; restrictions ranging from 8 million to 32 mil­ include those imposed by law as lion characters in a single 16- well as those an association may disc system with up to 128 million set for itself as a matter of characters possible in special con­ policy. figurations. The 5022 can be con­ veniently and quickly field-expand­ To use the resources alloca­ ed at low cost as system complex­ tion program, a savings and loan ity grows. institution enters into the com­ puter a description of its ~inan­ cial status, its legal requirements and association policies. These are translated by the program into a set of concise mathematical equa­ tions which reflect the economic environment within which the asso­ ~ ./IJ.i *~~. ~ 0 II t- '. II .. 0 i!' , • I. 0 ciation must operate. -- 600 BPI Racording. The The resources allocation pro­ upper photo shows an en­ gram is available without charge larged view of tracks re­ to users of IBM data processing corded in two zones; the systems. large black horizontal bar (For more information, circle 47 is the zone-to-zone guard Of particular advantage to the on the Readers Service Card.) band; the smaller black system builder is the simple inter­ horizontal bars are the face provided by a specially de­ track-to-track guard bands. signed logic unit which includes The lower photo shows a all data elect roni cs and is an i n­ magnified section of the he rent part of the 5022 system. innermost track of a zone; (For more information, circle SO the original track width on the Readers Service Card.) is 0.010 inch. The bit pattern of ONES and ZEROES representative of data which have been recorded by a phase-modulation tech­ nique is indicated by the scale along the bottom of t he photo. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, I <)(is Newsletter

Plainview, N.Y. The device pro­ Data Transmitters vides a writing capability in a and AID Converters character-at-a-time mode using an IBM 200 bpi tape format, with 556 bpi optional.

DATA TRANSMITTER WITH The Model MT-SW Transport uses UNATTENDED ANSWERING a simple magnetically positioned drive motor and provides 300 char­ A low cost data transmission acter-per-second recording. Bit terminal featuring unattended ans­ positioning accuracy (pulse spac­ wering service has been developed ing jitter) is :l:O.0005". The de­ by Tally Corporation, Seattle, vice has a single capstan tape Wash. drive, vacuum-column slack loops with photoelectric loop sensing, The new terminal, the Mark and handles standard l()lt!z" reels of 10 UA, is the latest in the firm's CREDAC control system. The device ~"tape. Solid-state circuits are line of low cost data transmitters (shown above) is capable of hold­ included for controlling all oper­ for use in sending business and ing up to 30,000 ten digit account ations by means of standard logic scientific data over the telephone. numbers. In operation, the memory signals. Data is transmitted on perforated device holds a complete list of paper tape at 60 characters per In addition to the increment­ second using Bell System Model 402 customer charge accounts which are "overdue", "over-the-limit", dis­ ing mode, a continuous drive mode Data-Phones. Size is only 8:!z" continued, or reported lost or providing 7.5 ips steady running wide x 4" high X 11" deep. stolen. speed permits interrecord and file gaps to be generated with a mini­ The CREDAC check station mum of lost time. A "step-off be­ .!~'~ ... (shown below) will be used near ginning of tape" (BOT) is provided each cash register to authorize as part of the manual load pro­ customer credit purchases without cedure. All controls are on the delay. With every charge purchase, front, and printed circuit cards a salesperson enters the customer's are inserted and removed from the front.

Magnetic incremental stepping recorders are finding widespread use in the fields of data logging, The Mark 10 UA can be used to digital data transmission and data solve data gathering problems when­ processing. ever collection from multiple (For more information, circle 53 points for processing by central on the Readers Service Card.) compu ter or other EDP equipment is required. (For more information, circle 51 on the Readers Service Card.) FAIRCHILD CAMERA ANNOUNCES ADVANCED DIGITAL DATA RECORDING SYSTEMS CREDAC CONTROL SYSEM Two major advances in solid account number at the check sta­ state systems for the recording of CREDAC, developed by CREDAC, digital data were reported by Fair­ a Division of Mechanical Enter­ tion. If that account number is child Camera and Instrument Corp. prises, Inc., Alexandria, Va., is in the memory unit, an amber light scientists at the Symposium on Op­ an electronic system which auto­ flashes instantly and the purchase tical and Electro-Optical Informa­ is stopped until the account is matically verifies credit in ten tion Processing Technolog~ held seconds. Although similar to a cleared. If the account is in in Boston, Mass. computer in appearance, engineers order, a green light okays the customer's purchase. explained that CREDAC performs a In a paper presented at the different function and is designed (For more information, circle 52 Symposium, L. J. Kabell of the to work wi th or wi thout computer on the Readers Service Card.) Fairchild Semiconductor Division systems now in operation. and C. J. Pecoraro of the Fairchild Space and Defense Systems Divisioh Only one employee is needed described an all solid state data to operate the CREDAC central uni t. annotation system designed to serv­ Sales personnel need no special Input-Output ice multi-sensor reconnaissance training, and check stations are equipment. easily installed at any point-of­ sale - including those in branch Using a unique silicon light st ores. INCREMENTAL TAPE TRANSPORT pulser matrix, the system records INTRODUCED BY POTTER digital data on photographic film The CREDAC memory unit, 10- without optics through controlled eat(~d in a store's accounting de­ A new magnetic incremental spacing of silicon avalanche light partment, is the "heart" of the tape transport has been introduced sources. Its small size, light by Potter Instrument Company, Inc., weight and reliability combined

U)MPlJTU{S alld AUTOMATION for January, 1965 Newsletter with the geometric fidelity of the the device can provide a series of printed text to enter data into a recorded data pattern make it par­ corresponding electrical pulses computer; a simple position sensor ticularly useful in defense appli­ for entry into a digital computer. reqUIrIng no standby electrical cations in extreme environments. power to relay the readings of thermometers or other instruments In a second paper, R. K. Agar­ to a central location; a memory wal of Fairchild Space and Defense read-out device for mass memories Systems discussed a new digital which store information in the form microtape recording system. Using of optical patterns; and compact, sprocketed 35mm mylar with a thin infrared scanners for battlefield layer of aluminum as the storage surveillance. medium, the system is capable of controlling five times more opera­ tions in a single row reading than is possible with paper tape. Components An electric current passing through an air gap generates a spark which evaporates the metallic coating and forms a transparent The Scanistor shown in the EXPERIMENTAL SELF-ACTUATED hole or bit on the mylar tape. picture above is one-half inch READ/WRITE HEAD Forty-nine bits can be written long. It contains 100 light-sen­ serially across the tape at rates sitive diodes paired with 100 A prototype model of what up to 10 kilocycles. Packaging switching diodes. These diode­ could become the flying magnetic density is 2450 bits per inch of pairs are spaced 0.005 inch apart read/write head for use with drums tape. A photoelectric diode array to give a resolution of 200 image and disc files of the future has can read the bits at 1000 inches elements per inch. been demonstrated by Bryant Comput­ per second. er Products, Walled Lake, Mich.

In both military and commer­ The experimental head is a cial applications, the microtape self-actuated, fail-safe device reader can provide memory storage which automatically provides its to a digital computer or to any own exactly correct loading force automatic control processor with to assure that the desired stable greatly increased speed and re­ flying attitude and small-gap mag­ duced size and weight. netic coupling are obtained. Al­ (For more information, circle 56 though Bryant has been building on the Readers Service Card.) self-actuating heads for several years, this head is different in that it operates on a non-Bernoulli principle, does not require a diff­ IBM DEVELOPS EXPERIMENTAL erent head pad configuration to ac­ SCANNING DEVICE commodate varying drum or disc Image transmission capability speeds, and will cost less to An experimental solid state of the Scanistor is shown in the manufacture. optical scanning device, which con­ above picture. A card bearing the verts images into electrical sig­ typed word "Scani stortI has been During inoperative periods, nals, has been developed by IBM placed on the rotating drum at the the head is spaced a safe distance Corporation, White Plains, N.Y. right. Above the drum is a light from the recording medium. When The dime-sized device, called the source and a lens that focuses an the rotating memory approaches its Scanistor, combines high resolu­ image of the text onto a Scanisto~ operating speed, a vacuum is cre­ tion and fast response with other IB~ Technician Robert J. Lynch, co­ ated between the head pad and the advantages of solid state inventor of the Scanistor, is ad­ surface causing ambient air pres­ electronics. justing the simple circuitry that sure to push the head toward the supplies bias and scanning volt­ surface. The head pad is shaped The Scanistor differs signi­ ages to the device, and differen­ so that it will ride on an air ficantly from earlier solid state tiates its output to obtain an bearing extremely close to the light-sensitive devices such as oscilloscope display of the orig­ drum surface -- but never touch it. the photocells used in electric­ inal text. eye cameras. Because these cells After shut down of the memory sense only the total amount of Although the Scanistor is ex­ device, the head remains in the light falling on their surface, de­ perimental and not commercially flying mode until the recording tecting a pattern requires many available, IBM has tested sample surface speed is reduced suffi­ cells, arranged in-line or in a units in such applications as ciently to bring the head/surface mosaic pattern, and a correspond­ document and film scanning, char­ pressure back to ambient. At this ing number of output amplifiers. acter recognition, and reading point, the head is spring returned punched and mark-sense cards. to its original starting position In contrast, the Scanistor away from the drum surface. provides on a single output wire A few of the possible future an analog voltage that represents uses for Scanistors that engineers Bryant reports that this type both the amount and position of of IBM's Advanced Systems Develop­ of head appears to possess superior light shining on its surface. Or, ment Division have suggested ara: performance characteristics; could with different operating voltages, a hand-held "reading" device which potentially read and write at pack- could be passed over a line of

50 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 19(,) Newsletter

-- will be spent on the kind of work we can do for government And this percentage is growin~ " the PRC executive said. ' At the same time Dr. Krueger emphasized that Planning Research is actively pursuing a non-govern­ ment market of $5 billion a year -- money being spent for highly complex management research. -- The left-hand photo shows the head spacing before the head is pulled into its operating attitude; the right-hand photo shows the head spacing once the head has achieved its proper flying mode. POTTER INSTRUMENT HAS ing densities of up to 1500 bits and disc files used in difficult­ RECORD ORDER LEVEL per inch; and exhibits extremely to-control environments such as good stability under severe envir­ exist in submarines, surface ves­ Potter Instrument Co. reports onmental conditions. It is con­ sels, aircraft and land vehicles. receipt of over $5 million in new sidered likely that this type head (For more information, circle 57 orders during the first 12 weeks will first see service in custom­ on the Readers Service Card.) of the fiscal year ended Sept. 19, b'li It commercial and military drums 1964, compared to $1.88 million in new orders during the same period a year ago. Total order backlog rose to $8,327,400 compared to $3,990,100 at the same point last year. BUSINESS NEWS Sales for the 12 week period were reported at $2,285,000 with a net income after taxes of $82,100. For the same period in 1963, sales C·E·I·R REPORTS INCOME GAIN sales reported fo r the same period in 1963. Sales for the were $2,332,900 with net income of $78,700. C-E-I-R, Inc., report s net i n­ first half of the current fiscal come and special gains totaling year represent an 82 percent in­ Potter reports that its new $1,574,197 for its 1964 fiscal crease over sales for the same products introdllced during the year ended September 30. This com­ period in 1963, past year, including a line of p~res with a loss of $1,858,537 in IBM-compatible vacuum column tape fIscnl 1963. As a pioneer in the manufac­ ture of vacuum-deposited magnetic transports, an incremental tape memories, Fabri-Tek introduced the drive, a digital printer/plotter, Dr. Herbert W. Robinson board and the RAM cartridge loading mass chai rman and president, al so' re- . first production thin-film memory memory system, contrib~ted sub­ venled that during 1964 the com­ system on the market last year. stantially to achieving the record pany's net income from operations Th~y r~cently shipped a high-speed, backlog. totaled $235,504, as against an thIn-fIlm system to the Imperial operating loss of $692,277 a year College of Science and Technology earlier. Special gains for the of the University of London, England. y~ar were $1,338,693, compared with ITEK REPORTS RECORD EARNINGS special expenses of $1,166,260 for 1963. Itek Corp. reports record income for the year ended Septem­ C-E-I-R sales during the year PLANNING RESEARCH ber 30, 1964 totalling $1 236 000 were $16,359,955, approximately the DOUBLES PROFITS representing an increase ~f 37 ' same level as reported for 1963. percent over 1963 earnings of Planning Research Corporation Sales of the company's British af­ $904,000. filiate, C-E-I-R, Ltd., of which a reports first quarter earnings of ~99,OOO -- up 100% from the $49,500 60 per cent interest was sold to Sales reached $43 million an In the sa~e quarter last year. British Petroleum Company, Ltd. increase of 14 percent over fi~cal last spring, totaled $2,231,600. .Dr. Robert W. Krueger, PRC 1963 and 7 percent above the pre­ Touether, these total $18,591,555 vious high of 1962, for 1964, compared with total sales presudent, announced that gross revenues for the quarter ending of $10,007,916 for both companies Commercial sales increased in 1963. Sept. 30 reached $2,034,000, up 51 percent from the $1,347,000 in from 35 percent to 44 percent of the same quarter last year. total company sales during the year. He noted that the company's FABRI· TEK REPORTS At the close of the fiscal INCREASED SALES revenues from the Department of Defense are expected to continue year, Itek's backlog of govern­ ment contracts stood at a record Fnbri-Tek Inc., announced to increase in coming years. "Of the $15 to $20 billion in the re­ high of $38 million, compared to sales of $6,272,256 for the six- $20 million last year. 1I10llth period ending September 30, ~earch and development budget, 1C){).J. Thi s compares with $3,445,057 about 10 percent -- or $2 bi Ilion

COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 51 MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS

The number of electronic computers installed or in produc­ of progress for readers interested in following the growth of tion at anyone time has been increasing at a bewildering pace the American computer industry, and of the computing power it in the past several years. New vendors have come into the com­ builds. puter market, and familiar machines have gone out of production. Some new machines have been received with open arms by users -­ Most of the installation figures, and some of the unfilled others have been given the cold shoulder. order figures, are verified by the respective manufacturers. In cases where this is not so, estimates are based on informa­ To aid our readers in keeping up with this mushrooming ac­ tion in the market research reference files of COMPUTERS Arm tivity, the editors of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION present this AUTOMATION. The figures are then reviewed by a group of com­ monthly report on the number of general purpose electronic com­ puter industry cognoscenti. puters of American-based companies which are installed or on order as of the preceding month. These figures included instal­ Any additions, or corrections, from informed readers will lations and orders outside the United States. We update this be welcomed. computer census monthly, so that it will serve as a "box-score" AS OF DECEMBER 10, 1964

NAME OF NAME OF SOLID AVERAGE MONTHLY DATE OF FIRST NUMBER OF NUMBER OF MANUFACTURER COI,IPUTER STATE? RENTAL INSTALLATION INSTALLATIONS UNFILLED ORDERS**

Addressograph-Multigraph Corporation EDP 900 system Y $7500 2/61 11 Advanced Scientific Instruments ASI 210 Y $2850 4/62 21 ASI 2100 Y $3000 12/63 6 1 ASI 6020 Y $2200 4/65 0 3 ASI 6040 Y $2(300 7/65 0 2 Autonetics RECOMP II Y $2495 11/58 64 X RECOMP III Y $1495 6/61 20 X Bunker-Ramo Corp. TRW-230 Y $2680 8/63 11 3 RI'I-300 Y $5000 3/59 40 X TRW-330 Y $5000 12/60 30 X TRW-340 Y $7000 12/63 12 16 TRW-530 Y $6000 8/61 24 3 Burroughs 205 N $4600 1/54 61 X 220 N $14,000 10/58 41 X E101-103 N $875 1/56 120 X E2100 Y $535 8/64 100 1200 B100 Y $2800 8/64 14 25 B250 Y $4200 11/61 95 12 B260 Y $3750 11/62 90 150 B270 Y $7000 7/62 90 25 B280 Y $6500 7/62 99 40 B370 Y $8400 7/65 0 10 B5000 Y $16,200 3/63 24 14 B5500 Y $35.000 10~64 13 6 Clary DE-60/DE-60M Y $525 2 60 255 0 Computer Control Co. DDP-19 Y $2800 6/61 3 X DDP-24 Y $2500 5/63 48 1)1 DDP-116 Y $900 2/65 0 22 DDP-224 Y $3300 12~64 0 12 Control Data Corporation G-15 N $1000 7 55 320 X G-20 Y $15,500 4/61 26 X 160" /160A/160G Y $1750/$3500/$12,000 5/60;7/61;3/64 385 19 924/924A Y $11,000 8/61 28 3 160,t/1604A Y $3g,OOO 1/60 60 X 3100 Y $7350 12/64 0 12 3200 Y $12,000 5/64 15 52 3300 Y $15,000 7/65 0 15 3400 Y $25,000 11/64 2 15 3600 Y $58,000 6/63 27 18 3800 Y $60,000 5/65 0 14 6600 Y $110.000 8/64 1 6 Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-l Y $3400 11/60 55 2 PDP-4 Y $1700 8/62 50 6 PDP-5 Y $900 9/63 80 5 PDP-6 Y $10,000 10/64 1 8 PDP-7 Y $1300 11/64 2 12 PDP-8 Y $525 4/65 0 16 El-tronics. Inc. ALWAC IIIE N $1820 2/54 24 X Friden 6010 Y $600 6/63 190 105 ". General Electric 205 Y $2900 10/64 5 18 210 Y $16,000 7/59 58 X 215 Y $5500 11/63 32 12 225 Y $7000 1/61 120 2 235 Y $10,900 12/63 28 16 415 Y $5500 5/64 22 102 425 Y $7500 7/64 10 45 435 Y $12,000 1.0/64 2 22 455 Y $18,000 6/65 0 6 465 Y $24,000 6/65 0 3 625 Y $50,000 2/65 0 10 635 Y $65.000 12/64 0 14 General Precision LGP-21 Y $725 12/62 140 45 LGP-30 semi $1300 9/56 430 3 RPC-4000 Y $1875 1/61 98 1 Honeywell Electronic Data Processing H-200 Y $4200 3/64 190 570 H-300 Y $3900 7/65 0 9 H-400 Y $5000 12/61 105 5 H-800 Y $22,000 12/60 63 17 H-1400 Y $14,000 1/64 8 :; H··l800 Y $30,000 1/64 5 {)

52 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, I

X -: 110 longer in production.

(0 To avo i d !lou ble cou nti ng, note that the Co nt ro 1 Data 160 serves as the cen tra 1 pro cesso r of the NCR 310. Al so, many of the orders for tli(! 70·1,1, 7074, and 7094 I and II's are not for new machines but for conversions from existing 7040, 7070 and 7090 computers rt! ~p"ct i vel Y•

M Sum,! of the unfilled order figures are verified by the respective manufacturers; others are estimated and then reviewed by a \Iro'.p of computer industry authorities.

COt\IPLJTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 53 (Continued from page 12) lectual revolution than has atomic energy. And he will tell anyone who cares to listen about the second industrial revolution which is freeing men's brains as the first one freed their bodies. But not many will go from there to explain clearly and convincingly how the benefits of this freedom are to be distributed equitably among all. V. 1\1. Gloushkov writing recently in the Sunday supplement "Nedelja" on the subject of cybernetics, concludes his article as fol~ows: "With capitalism, the installation of cybernetic machmes results automatically in greater exploitation of the workers. In a communist society the cybernetic machine -this amazing achievement of human genius-give man­ A comprehensive survey of the European com­ kind unlimited control over nature." puter market is available now. Prepared by Com­ , Certainly we are not willing to accept this description of puter Consultants Limited of Great Britain capitalism, but it will not be proved false unless some of EUROPEAN COMPUTER SURVEY, 1965 has com~ the ingenuity hitherto absorbed in the development of prehensive information for each of the following computers is soon directed to consideration of the social countries: utilization of computers. Since unemployment tends to Austria Germany Norway concentrate at the lower end of the intellectual and educa­ Belgium Great Britain Portugal tional spectrum, one obvious answer is education, optimally Denmark Greece Spain started with one's grandparents. One reads in a recent issue Finland Holland Sweden of ((Computers and Automation" about Project PREPARE France Irish Republic Switzerland Italy which is currently training "35 unemployed or partially employed workers of limited educational background and listed individually for each country is: skills," these 35 having been selected from "hundreds of 1. Economic information. applicants." Little enough and.late enough! For the re­ 2. list of computer installations by name of user maining hundreds it is certainly too little. up to December 1964. The problem is serious and pressing. Probably nothing 3. Table of installations up to December 1964 by user categories and price group. else ever presented us with so great a challenge. Will com­ 4. Table of estimate of new installations for 1965 puters and automation prove to be a boon or a bane to a by user categories and price group. capitalistic society? 5. Estimate of new installations for 1966 by user categories and price group. 6. Estimate of future installations by user cate­ gories and price group from 1967 to 1970 (Continued from page 17) inclusive. cation of physiological structures and psychological be­ Also included are: haviours of animals and human beings. • Grand summary of installations, showing num­ We can hazard a conjecture, based on analogy with other ber. installed, home built and import value; growing organisms, that there will be no "artificial intelli­ number on order, home built and import value; total population, working population and num­ gence" in machines until they are actually growing devices, ber of people capable of being helped by a in which equipment and program are interchangeable, and computer. in which efficient equipment "grows" or "is grown" to re­ • Tables of value of computers installed and on place those portions of the stored information or algorithms order showing home built and import value. which have been proved successful or optimised in some • Table of individual countries export of com- sense. Since most computer programmers, the end users, puters. are not interested in, willing to, or capable of crossing the gaps to the biological and social scientists, they (will be left • Notes on the computers currently installed in European countries. even further behind when this sort of "growth" begins. There now exist computer programs combined with • Names and addresses of the manufacturers of the computers installed in Europe. process control systems that can re-toolan existing com­ puter design, stored inside a computer, and produce an • European manufacturing locations, if any, of the computers installed in Europe. algorithm for controlling a wiring machine to change wiring interconnections on a panel. There exist routines Is this the data you need to understand and to make machines grow, some beginning to be more ef­ benefit from the rapidly expanding European Com­ fective than any routines that we can see to make human puter Market? programmers grow. Is this too violent a criticism to make To order your copy of the European Computer Survey, 1965 send your check or purchase order in a situation as dynamic as the present man-machine in­ to the International Data Corporation, P.O. Box 1, terface? Newtonville, Mass. 02160. Price is $285. Additional No computer programmer can truly assess the situation copies for the same organization may be ordered until he begins to take part in this growth process himself. for $95 each. The children of the revolution must grow with it or pass The International Data Corporation is the exclu­ out of its sweep. sive North American distributor for the European Computer Survey, 1965. References 1. GORN, S. "Specification Languages for Mechanical International Data Corporation Languages and Their Processors-a Baker's Dozen." P.O. Box 1 Newtonville, Massachusetts 02160 Communications of the ACM, Vol. 12, December II D IC 1961, pp. 532-542. 2. IVERSON, K. A Programming Language, John Wiley, Circle No. 11 on Readers Service Card New York, 1962.

54 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1<)(1'i (Continued from page 22 ) produce a tape or card deck which becomes the input to the network generating device. An extremely useful feature of the computer programs opinionated which pre-process the networks for visual presentation is the ability to "band" groups of activities vertically, while at the same time, time-phasing them horizontally. For <;-: Two months before Spectra 70 announcement! example, the ADMA system will permit 21 vertical bands September 28, 1964- which means 21 different significant groupings of activities RCA SETS TO can be identified in each vertical column or time segment. ANNOUNCE NEW EIDIP The bands might correspond to performing organizations, COMPUTER SERIES INDUSTRY AND DESIGNED TO BE MARKO REPORT or functional areas. PROGRAM COMPATIBLE WITH SYSTEM/360 Concluding Comments Network techniques for planning and control are gain­ ing wide acceptance in both commercial and government projects. A recent survey showed that, at the end of 1963, 50% of PERT use was devoted to non-government projects ~ First report on this important large-scale computer order! as com pared to 19% in 1959. Furthermore, the PERT / July 15, 1964 COST extension sponsored by DOD and NASA is receiv­ GENERAL ELECTRIC ing much attention throughout industry and government. OBTAINS ADVANCED POSITION IN EIDIP Computers can be used to increase greatly the effective­ COMPUTER TIME­ INDUSTRY AND ness of this new technique. SHARING FIELD MARKO REPORT A 5UII·MON'MlfNtW!.lfTlllPOIUKUlIVIS BY WINNING MIT IH'MllltCTtONICO""A'IOCIU'I'IG 'NDU$TIJ PROJECT MAC AWARD "NO THIflHIINCIIUCO_U"'''' APPENDIX I SURVEYS OF PERT AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY l. "Computer Programs for PERT and GPiM." Technical Paper No. 13, February 28, 1963, published by Operations c;--: Over six months before Model 20 announcement! Research, Inc., Silver Springs, Md. This survey lists about 52 PERT and tGPIM computer programs together with April 30, 1964 brief program descriptions and the person to contact if IBM PONDERS INTRODUCTION OF EIDIP more information is required; it also lists 14 "check points" MODEL 20 INDUSTRY AND which are impor,tant in 'comparing programs, such as error PROCESSOR; 7000 SERI ES PROGRAM MARKO REPORT checking, file maintenance, and other desirable program .. MM. _,"n NIWSLUff. fOI UICUIIVIS CONVERSION ... 'HIILICltQNH; ""'" nocns,HO 'NOUSUV features. A brief tabular comparison of CPM and PERT ... I'CIIHII"N.. ""'... LlOM...... ,.'" program characteristics is also presented. Cost, $1.00. 2. "1963 Capabilities Handbook," in Management Systems, pages 49-62, March, 1964, published by Aerospace Manage­ ment, 56th and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia 39, Pa. Survey of 93 Aerospace companies at 133 locations. Lists all man­ EDP INDUSTRY AND MARKET REPORT is a semi-monthly agement systems, specific applications, effort applied, and newsletter that gives an unclouded view of the developments in the fast-moving computer industry. Unbiased reporting. company contacts. A tabulation is presented of the current Timely analysis. Straight-from-the-shoulder opinion. The proliferation of PERT and PERT -like systems within in­ REPORT is managemtmt information for the EDP industry dustry. Among the facilities surveyed, a large number of executive and the advanced computer user. references are made to the curren t or planned use of PERT or I~RT-COST. Other management tools are also listed and an indication of the implementation effort is given. EDP INDUSTRY AND MARKET REPORT is industrial intelli­ 3. "Glossary of Management System Terminology," June, 1963, gence at its best. Well-researched. To the point. How is the EDP market changing? What new equipment will be signifi­ published by PERT Orientation and Training Center cant? From which companies are these products coming? Who (P01.1C), Bolling Air Force Base, Washington 25, D. C. is merging with whom? And what do the answers to these This document identifies and describes 120 management questions mean for EDP companies and for the industry? systems and techniques. Explanatcry charts and system flow diagrams are included in some cases; and in all cases, a ref­ erence source is given. POTC is an excellent source of The EDP INDUSTRY AND MARKET REPORT is edited by a general information on PERT and PIERT /COST. staff of computer industry experts who bring more than a dozen years of computer industry editorial experience to the 4. "Network Type Management Control Systems Bibliogra­ job. Editorial contributions are gathered from the top industry phy'" Rand Memo, RM 3074-PR, Febmary, 1963 (B. L. authorities. The REPORT is backed by the full research facili­ Fry), published by Rand Corporation, 1700 Main St., Santa ties of the International Data Corporation whose research studies include an installation by installation analysis of over Monica, Cam. Refers to 260 documents; indexed by author 80% of all computers installed and on order in the U.S. and title. Available through Defense Documentation Cen­ ter, AID 298075. 5. "SHARE Survey of PERT Programs," published by SPERT EDP INDUSTRY AND MARKET REPORT subscriptions are $49. Committee of SHARE, c/o Dr. Arthur B. Kahn, Westing­ per year; $29. for six months. To enter a subscription or house (A A Division), Baltimore, Md. This survey is hard­ request a sample copy write to International Data Corporation, ware-oriented, identifying about 12 major computing sys­ P.O. Box 1, Newtonville, Mass. 02160. tems and some 40 to 50 programs for use on these com­ puters. Not restricted to IBM equipment.

I'rl"'('l\lnl as part of the IEEE \Vinter Lecture Series on PERT and PERT/COST, January 9, 1964, Babson Institute, \\nellesley, )'Iass . •\1\ illiorillalion shown in manufacturer's data charts was derived from C(llIllIll·' dally avai\a;ble brochures and periodicals and from discussions wilh lIIallufacturcr's representatives or persons actually using the systems jlI'Ol·lIll'd. Circle No. 21 on Readers Service Card

C()~IPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 55 CLASSIFIED OFFERED FIRST TIME TO DISTRIBUTOR OR MANUFACTURER: Patented input equipment punches digital time on IBM cards for data processing cost accounting, wage, attendanceo Eliminates both time clerks keypunching. Kawachi, P.O.B. 20, Grand Central, New York, N.Y. 10017

WANTED: Key Punches #024, 0260 Veri­ fiers #056. Sorters 083, 084, 085, 088, CAREER 403, 407, 602A, 407, 1401. FOR SALE: 858 Cardatype. 031, 063, 080, 402, 523, OPPORTUNITIES 552. 805 Test Scorero 824 Tape Card WITH THE Punch. 031, 055. L.A. Pearl Co., 801 INTERNAL Second Aveo, New York, NoY. 10017 REVENUE SERVICE IN WASHINGTON, D.C. ADVERTISING INDEX The Revenue Service, one of the most dynamic and pro­ Following is the index of Each item con­ gressive organizations in the data processing field, is now advertise~ents. seeking technically trained personnel for responsible positions tains: Name and address of the advertiser / page number in Washington. where the advertisement appears / name of agency if any. Immediate openings available for: OPERATIONS RESEARCH ANALYST SALARIES FROM: $8,600 TO $16,400 You will be an authoritative advisor and analyst applying your knowledge of Mathematics, Economics, and Statistics to Adage, Inc., 292 Main st., Cambridge 42, Mass. / Page operational problems utilizing linear programmin~ methods. To 23 / Fuller & Smith & Ross Inc. qualify you must have an undergraduate degree In one of the fields mentioned above and at least three years of research and American Telephone & Telegraph Co., 195 Broadway. analytical experience developing and applying quantitative re­ New York 7. N. Y. / Page 7 / N. W. Ayer & Son search methods to unique operational problems uti lizing data Beemak Plastics, 7424 Santa Monica Blvd., Los Angeles, processing techniques. Graduate degrees can be substituted for experience in some cases. Calif. 90046 / Page 24 / - Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washington St., New­ DIGITAL COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST SALARIES FROM $8,600 TO $12,000 tonville, Mass. 02160 / Page 38 / - You will be responsible for planning and developing total Bryant Computer Products, Inc., 850 Ladd Rd., Walled computer systems designs for use in conjunction with tape­ Lake, Mich. / Page 57 / La Rue & Cleveland, Inc. oriented computers. Generally, you qualify if you have an under­ Computron [nc., 122 Calvary St., Waltham, Mass. / graduate degree plus two years of programming and one year Page 4 / Tech/Reps of experience developing and writing detailed specifications for computer programs. Additional experience in programming or Farrington Manufacturing Co., Shirley Industrial Area. systems analysis work can be substituted for an undergraduate Springfield, Va. / Page 60 / s. G. Stackig, Inc. degree in some cases. Honeywell Electronic Data Processing Division, 151 DIGITAL COMPUTER PROGRAMMER Needham St., Newton, Mass. / Page 3 / Allied Ad­ SALARIES FROM: $7,200 TO $8,600 vertising Agency Inc. You will program 7074, 1401 and H200 computers. Gener­ International Data Corp., P. O. Box 1, Newtonville, ally, you qualify if you have an undergraduate degree and two years of actual ,experience in programming which involved apply· Mass. 02160 / Pages 54 and 55 / Allied Advertising ing computer techniques to special subject matter fields. A Agency Inc. knowledge of FORTRAN or ALGOL program language is also Internal Revenue Service, Personnel Division, 3562 desirable. Initial salaries are based on education and experience­ Internal Revenue Building, Washington, D. C. opportunities for advancement are excellent. In addition, IRS 20224 / Page 56 / - employment offers these extras that count-payment of trans­ Library of Computer and Information Sciences, 59 portation to Washington-2V2 weeks vacation during the first year of employment-13 days sick leave each year-opportu­ Fourth Ave., New York 11, N. Y. / Pages 8, 9 / nity to participate in low-cost group hospital and life insurance Smith, Henderson & Berey, Inc. programs-and, of course, our excellent retirement program. Memorex Corporation, 1180 Shulman Ave., Santa Clara, To indicate your interest, Calif. / Pages 2 and 37 / Hal Lawrence Inc. send completed resume to: National Cash Register Co., Main & K Sts., Dayton D, Chief, Recruitment Section Ohio / Page 59 / McCann-Erickson, Inc. Internal Revenue Service Washington, D. C. 20224 Scientific Data Systems, 1649 17th st., Santa MonICa, Calif. / Page 36 / Faust/Day Advertising AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER

Circle No. 12 on Readers Service Card

56 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 190') NEW PATENTS RA YMOND R. SKOLNICK Reg. Patent Agent Ford Inst. Co., Div. of Sperry Rand Corp., Long Island City 1, New York The following is a compilation of patents pertaining to computer and associated eyuipment from the "Official Gazette of the· U. S. Pat­ ent Office," dates of issue as indi­ cated. Each entry consists of patent number / inventor(s) / assignee / invention. Printed copies ~f pat­ en ts may be obtained from the U. s. Commissioner of Patents, Washing ton 25, D. C., at a cost of 25 cents each.

September I, 1964 3,H7 .. HiI / ~10rton Mondschein, 120 Christa bel St., Lynbrook, LI / 20% to CallJil P. Spiecens, ~ew York, New York / Information Storage Apparatus. 3,117,·162 / Donald B. Levinson, Beverly l-lills and Edward Lindell, Los Angeles, Calif. / General Precision, Inc., a corp. of Delaware / Control System for Mag­ nelic Memory Drum. 3,147 .. 171 / George J. Giel, Los Angeles and Ray K. Livengood, Torrence, Calif. / Elcctro-1Logic Corp., Venice, Calif., a ('Orp. of Calif. / Digitizing Electrical System. 3,H7AH / Ivan Mervin Kliman, Glen Head, N. Y. / Sperry Rand Corp., Great Neck, N. Y., a corp. of Delaware / Information Transformation System. September 8, 1964 3,148,358 / Richard L. Snyder, Malibu, Calif., Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver City, Calif., a corp. of Delaware / High Speed Memory Elements. 3,14H.:I!i9 / Robert A. Leightner, Tioga ,Center, N. Y. / IBM Corp., N. Y., a ELECTRONIC INTERFACES DESIGNED AND BUllTBYBRYANT·OPTlMJZE corp. of N. Y. / Shift Register. September 15, 1964 DRUM SYSTEM PERFORMANCE-even whenthe.customer has.had.little 3,14~),:112 / Munro K. Haymes, Pough­ or no .experiencein magnetic recording technology! COlTlpletesystems ket'J)sic, N. Y. / IBM Corp., N. Y., a -eithercustom·designed or built up from versatilestandarddesigns. corp. of N. Y. / Cryogenic Memory ~can be produced to meet a customer's interface. specifications of Device With Shifting Word Registers. 3,149.:113 / Gerhard Merz, Rommelshau­ data rate, capacity;control signals and mode ofope ration. 0 Complex sen, Wurttenberg and Hans Reiner, serial and parallel systems have been built containing address de~ Stuttgart, Germany, / International coding, counters,shiftregisters, parity generation and checking. and Standard Electric Corp., N. Y., a corp. logic level and error alarms. Drums now operating in customer in­ of Delaware / Ferrite Matrex Storage stallations utilize up to 50· bit parallel recording, precession loops, Device. 3,149,314 / John J. King, Great Neck, real·time delays, and read/write loop registers capable of giving N. Y. / Sperry Rand Corp., Great access times down to 1.67 milliseconds. 0 All systems are designed Neck, N. Y., a corp. of Delaware / Core around Bryant's complete line of Series 8000 Electronic Circuit Memory Addressing. Modules. These circuits provide all required read, write, clocking, 3,149,315 / Frank Pravda, Stillwater, N. Y. head switching, logic and power control functions. 0 See for yourself! / The National Cash Register Com­ pany, Dayton, Ohio / a corp. of Mary­ Write our Information Services Q.epartmentfor Auto-Uft Drum Bro· land. / Automatic Sensing System. chure number BCPB-I02·4·64.R2 and datasheets on Read Amplifier 3,149.3-16 / Edward A. Quade, San Jose, 8005, Write Amplifier 8010, Single Head Select 8020, MulticHead Calif. / International Business Machines Select 8025, Nand Circuit 8050, Gate Driver 8060, and Read Mode Corp., N. Y., a corp. of N. Y. / In­ Switch 8090. ductive Matrix Arrangement For Sens· ing Magnetic Configurations. September 22, 1964 :I,150,!!li9 / Norbert G. VagI, Jr., Wap· pingers Falls, N. Y. / IBM Corp., N. Y., a corp. of N. Y. / Magnetic Switching Device. :1,150,353 / Chris A. Lay, Jr., Wayne, ~RV~ N . .J. and Alfred K. Susskind, Concord, Mass. / by Mesme assignments to Gid­ dings & Lewis Machine Tool Company, COMPUTER ·PRODUCTS Fond dll Lac, Wisconsin, a corp. of 850 LADD ROAD WALLED LAKE, MICHIGAN Wisconsin / Digital Information Han­ tiling Apparatus. A Division of Ex-Cel/-O Corporation 64.BMD·2·9

Circle No. 17 on Readers Service Card COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 57 Gutenmakher, L. I. I Electronic Informa­ Gallager, Robert G. I Low-Density Parity. BOOKS AND tion-Logic Machines I Interscience Pub­ Check Codes I M. I. T. Press, Cam­ lishers, 605 Third Ave., New York 16, bridge 42, Mass. I 1963, printed, 102 pp, OTHER N. Y. I 1963, printed, 170 pp, $8.00 $4.00 This translation from the Russian This book discusses theoretical and ex­ provides a detailed description of the perimental work in low-density codil1~, PUBLICATIONS special-purpose information-retrieval com­ which is one of three techniques for effi· puter developed at the Laboratory for cient communication over noisy channels. Moses M. Berlin Electromodelling of the Academy of The author analyzes a class of codin~ Science, U.S.S.R. The design criteria for schemes, and cites profitable applicability Allston, Mass. the computer are based upon the Soviet for some of the schemes. Six chapters in­ Union's policy of centralized information clude: "Distance Functions," "Probability We publish here citations and filing. The book is edited by Allen Kent, of Decoding Error," "Decoding," and "Ex· brief reviews of books and other who spent five weeks during 1958-9 in perimental Results." Three appendices publications which have a signifi­ l\Ioscow, discussing the subject matter. include mathematical relevances. Refer­ The six chapters include: "Fundamental ences and an index are included. cant relation to computers, data Concepts," "The l\Iachine Memory," "The processing, and automation, and Transfer of Information in the Memory," Singer, James I Elements of Numerical which have come to our attention. and "Problems of Machine Processing of Analysis I Academic Press Inc., III Fifth We shall beglad to report other in­ Information." Bibliography, author and Ave., New York 3, N. Y. I 1964, printed, formation in future lists if a review subject indexes. 395 pp, $8.75 This text for junior undergraduates copy is sen t to us. The plan of each Hoernes, Gerhard E., and Melvin F. Heil­ and first year graduate students in entry is: author or editor / title / weil I Introduction to Boolean Algebra natural and social sciences offers a publisher or issuer / date, publi­ and Logic Design I A Program for Self­ comprehensive introduction to methods cation process, number of pages, Instruction I McGraw-Hill Book Co., for obtaining and verifying numerical Inc., 330 West 42 St., New York 36, N. Y. results. In addition to descriptions and price or its equivalent / comments. I 1964, printed, 306 pp, $5.95 applications of algorithms and tables, the If you write to a publisher or is­ This programmed-learning text sepa­ author includes discussions of underlying suer, we would appreciate your rates Boolean algebra from those tech­ concepts which help the reader "strike mentioning Computers and Auto­ niques used only by logic designers and out on his own." Among the nine presents an independent treatment o( each chapters are: "Numbers and Errors," mation. subject. The authors maintain that upon "The Numerical Solution of Algebraic completion of the program's 500 frames, and Transendental Equations in One the reader will understand Boolean alge­ Unknown; Geometric Methods," "Numer­ bra postulates and theorems, and be able ical Differentiation and Integration," and to utilize Karnaugh maps and the Quine­ Braffort, P., and D. Hirschberg I Com· "Curve Fitting." Each section includes puter Programming and Formal Systems McCluskey method. IBM and some high problems; answers, a bibliography, and schools and colleges have used the pro­ North-Holland Publishing Co., P. O. an index are given. I gram to train field personnel and logic Box 103, Amsterdam, Holland I 1963, designers. Following the book's two parts, printed, 161 pp, $5.60 four appendices include: "Symbols," "The This book presents eight papers deal­ Binary Number System," "Diode Circuits," ing with various aspects of the relation­ and "Relay Logic." Answers to problems, ship between computer programming and a summary of Boolean algebra theorems, formal logical system theory. The papers references, and an index are given. were originally presented in somewhat different form at two seminars held in Tocher, K. D. I· The Art of Simulation the IBM World Trade European Educa­ I D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 120 Alex­ tion Center of Blaricum, Holland, in ander St., Princeton, N. J. I 1964, 1961. Among the titles: "Mechanical printed, 184 pp, $5.95 Mathematics and Inferential Analysis," Hao Wang; "A Basis for a Mathematical This book (printed in Great Britain) Theory of Computation," John McCarthy; brings together information from the theory of mathematical statistics, the use "Programming and the Theory of Auto­ mata," Arthur ,V. Burks; and "The of partial differential equations for prob­ Algebraic Theory of Context-Free Lan­ lem solving, and the field of Operational guages," N. Chomsky and M. P. Schutzen­ Research. Its aim is to unify the theory of sampling and Monte Carlo techniques. berger. The papers describe applications of computers to "non-numerical" proj­ An elementary knowledge of statistics and probability theory is required. Thirteen FOR BIN SYSTEM ects, including language translation, pat­ chapters include: "Sampling from a Dis­ Aliows storage of pre punched cards tern recognition and information retrieval. tribution," "Random Number Tables," with products to implement invoicing, "Random Number Generators," "Estima­ inventory control, production control, Balakrishnan, A. V., and Lucien W. tion," "General Simulation Problems," etc. Other shapes, sizes Neustadt, editors, and 25 authors I and "Design of Simulation Experiments." and accessories availa­ Computing Methods in Optimization References and index. ble with clips and at­ Problems I Academic Press, Inc., HI taching devices. Write Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y., 10003 I Maley, Gerald A., and Edward J. Skiko I for prices and free 1964, offset, 327 pp, $7.50 Modem Digital Computers I Prentice­ sample BP-IOO The proceedings of a conference held Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 07632 (pictured above). at the University of California, Los I 1964, printed, 216 pp, $10.00 BP-130 Angeles, January 30-31, 1964, are here This is an introductory text to the MAGNET HOLDER presented, except the discussions. The design and programming of large scale Card Holder with heavy fourteen papers discuss various aspects of digital computers, with particular infor­ permanent magnets can computer application to optimization mation about the IBM 7090-4 and 7080 be attached or hung problems, emphasizing recent research systems. A prefatory assertion is that, "a on any metal surface such as tab progress and computing experience in complete comprehension of computers can­ machine, filing cabinet or metal desk. specific large-scale problems. Among the not be obtained without a basic under­ Provides finger-tip accessibility to titles: "Several Trajectory Optimization standing of programming ... the compe­ operators, reduces wasted time and Techniques," "A Comparison Between tent programmer knows how his computer chances of error. 1 to 24 $1.50 each; Some l\Iethods for Computing Optimum system operates." Toward this dual en­ 25 to 49 $1.35 each; 50 or more Paths in the Problem of Bolza," "An lightenment, the authors present ten chap­ $1.25 each. Immediate delivery. On-Line Identification Scheme for Multi­ ters including: "Introduction to Computer yariable Nonlinear Systems," "Study of an Terminology," "Floating-Point Arithmetic BEEMAK PLASTICS 7424 Santa Monica Blvd. :\Ig-orithm for Dynamic Optimization," Operations," "FORTRAN Automatic Cod­ Los Angeles, Calif. 90046 and "Synthesis of Optimal Controllers ing System," "Core Storage," "The Busi· Phone: 213·876·1770 Using- Hybrid Analog-Digital Computers." ness Computer," and "Modern Computer No index. Concepts." Index. Circle No. 20 on Readers Service Card

5H COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 19()) "Usually it takes months to get a computer system going. Ours was running six weeks after they rolled it in."

"We'd heard discouraging reports of essing. That was just the beginning. than earning its keep by saving time, computers that didn't begin to show It's been processing about 500,000 increasing sales information, and promised results for a year after be­ invoice items a month~ And we're still thus increasing our control over our ing installed. That wasn't true with exploring new applications.' t}ne ob­ own business. Unusual? I'd call it es­ our NCR 315. Six weeks after it ar­ vious and welcome benefit is: we've sential." Joseph A. Grazier, President, rived, itwas turning out a heavy load shortened the time gap between the American Radiator & Standard Sani- of sales statistics, stock turnover accumulation and the final evaluation .(\ and inventory reports besides doing of sales data. That means money in tary C]:;2;:' all kinds of other corporate data proc- the bank for us. The 315 is more

BE SURE TO VISIT THE NCR PAVIUON AT THE NEW YORK WORLD'S FAIR. THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER COMPANY ® Circle No. 14 on Readers Service Card COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1965 59 A Yes, a Farrington Series 1P Optical Reader "reads" Series 1p" is designed for the profit conscious ordinary typewritten text and transfers it directly businessman: ,. onto punched cards, paper tape, or magnetic tape Just two more points. Farrington readers process' at the rate of 225 cha'racters per second. documenf~.' at a lower, cost than any other optical Why? reading ,equipment. And the Farrington system per­ To help you break the computer input bottlene.ck.. mits the preparation of input documents on type­ ... eliminate costly keypunching and veriflcat10ri ... writers at the source! increase accuracy and operating efficiency ... ease Let us tell you more about Farrington's line of your job training requirements and reduce personnel Page Readers and Document Readers. W rite, wi re, turnover by using typewriters instead of keypunches. or call: Farrington Manufacturing Company, Shirley In short, to give you more computer input for less Industrial Area, Springfield, Virginia. Telephone: money ... as much as 44 per cent less! Farrington Area code 703 • FLeetwood 4-5000.

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Circle No. 15 on Read.ers Service Card