January, 1966
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O::iZ & 1r'J 11\1 ,J Il:J S
Electronic COInputerized Surgical Monitoring System .~
How to put your finger on one item out of 36,000
A division of H. K. Porter The information is instantly Replenishment orders are auto Company, Inc., does it recorded on magnetic tape and matically produced when needed. by dialing a computer center. fed into the computer. The result has been a cut in Anyone of 36,000 items could be In a matter of milliseconds, inventories. And customer at any of seven warehouses and the computer tells the production service is at its best. eight plants across the nation. status or inventory location We can help you put your finger When a product is sold, the of the product. And the entire on the way to move information information on punched cards order is processed for shipment quickly and efficiently. Just call your is sent via Bell System in one working day. (It formerly Bell Telephone Business Office. Data-Phone* service over regular took up to fourteen days.) Ask to have our Communications telephone lines to the Porter As ordering information flows in, Consultant contact you. computer center in Pittsburgh. the computer updates the average monthly demand, economical production quantities, and safety stocks. @ Bell System .. American Telephone & Telegraph *Sorvice mark of the Bell System Designate No. 1 on Readers Service Card • and Associated Companies What does Old 99 have to do with Brady Tab Labels? It illustrates a point.
In their day, steam locomotive drive wheels rode per inch. For those companies whose programs on sweat-on steel rims or "tires". When a tire loos require fractional dimensions, we have those too. ened with wear, it was replaced, saving the cost of an Keen awareness of customers' special and changing expensive drive wheel. Trouble was, these tires needs plus willingness to meet them has long marked occasionally came loose a.nd shattered with danger our service. There are no "wheel tappers" at Brady! ous, expensive results. To detect a loosening tire, a "wheel tapper" at each station or whistle-stop would Our approach made so much sense to hundreds of tap each drive wheel to determine the condition of suppliers of data processing supplies (chances are, the tire. your supplier among them!) that they now carry a local stock of Brady Tab Labels. And they can give But long after "tired" drive wheels were replaced you local service on your special made-to-order with solid steel wheels, wheel tappers continued to requirements, too. make their routine checks. Perhaps through habit or simply because no one told them not to. Now the point we'd like to make is this: for years Write for big, tab label people have been stocking only fraction of new bulletin and an inch sizes - 1/ ", I/S", 1/ " and so on. Except Brady. 16 4 samples. Free! We stock Tab Labels in tenths of an inch sizes because most computors print out ten characters AD NO. 167
W.H. mmrJm'~fco. EST. 1914 741 W. Glendale Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. 53209 Manufacturers of Quality Pressure-Sensitive Industrial Tape Products, Self-Bonding Nameplates, Automatic Machines for Dispensing Labels, Nameplates, Masks and Tape, Designate No. 2 on Readers Service Card COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 3 Mayday!
Ever have days when you get this sinking feeling? Tape problems - trans port problems - dropout problems? Next time maybe we can help. Before you go down for the third time, call your nearesf Computron Regional Office and shout "Mayday". Your Computroncustomer engineer will be on his way in a trice. He is fully qualified in all phases of EDP. He is nota salesman. He knows tapes - he knows com puters ~and he has had a great deal of experience in getting them to talk to each other. Of course,many people have solved their data recording problems simply by switching toComputape. . In any case, w~ are at your service. For advice, application assistance; problem solving, orjust a reel of tape, call. your nearest Computron office. A PRODUCT OF COMPUTRON. INC. 4 Designate No. 3 on Readers Service Card MEMBER OF THE IDIMIlr GROUP 122 CALVARY ST., WALTHAM, MASS. 02154 The front cover shows how an electronic, computerized, surgical monitoring system diJplays information about the physiological conditions of a patient during an operation at St. Mary's Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota. For more information see page 39.
JANUARY, 1966 Vol. 15, No. 1 computers and data processors: the design, applicationJ, editor and publisher and implications of ' .' EDMUND C. BERKELEY information proceuing sYJtemJ . liz This Issue auociate publisher PATRICK J. MCGOVERN SPecial Feature: auistant editors Computer Performance Comparisons MOSES M. BERLIN 12 COMPUTER ANALYSIS AND THRUPUT EVALUATION LINDA LADD LOVETT by R. A, Arbuckle NEIL D. MACDONALD We now have the proper tools for making sound evaluations of thruput improvements contributing editors 16 STANDARDIZED BENCHMARK PROBLEMS MEASURE COMPUTER PERFORMANCE by John R. Hi "egass JOHN BENNETT ANDREW D. BOOTH What every computer user wants is more processing power per dollar; and DICK H. BRANDON a properly conducted computer evaluation study can save thousands of JOHN W. CARR, III dollars a month NED CHAPIN 22 THE VALIDITY OF BASING COMPUTER SELECTIONS ON BENCHMARK RESULTS ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER by Edward O. Joslin and John 1. Ai ken PETER KUGEL The need for understanding and selecting benchmark routines which ade· quately reflect your workload adviJory committee 25 1965 ANNUAL INDEX T. E. CHEATHAM, JR. JAMES J. CRYAN GEORGE E. FORSYTHE In Every Issue RICHARD W. HAMMING ALSTON S. HOUSEHOLDER across the editor's desk HERBERT F. MITCHELL, JR. 39 COMPUTING AND DATA PROCESSING NEWSLETTER VICTOR PASCHKIS editorial 7 Workable Solutions to the Technological Revolution production manager ANN B. BAKER market report art director 9 Dedication of the Keydata Service May Mark Beginning of New Growth Industry RAY W. HASS ..• But When Wi" Growth Begin? fulfilment manager 37 capital report WILLIAM J. MCMILLAN, 815 Washington St. Newtonville, Mass. 02160, 617-DEcatur 2-5453 readers' and editor's forum 10 Non-Real-Time Computing 10 Savings Banks with Electronic Links from Bank Floor to Central Computer - Some advertiJing representatives History New York 10018, BERNARD LANE 10 1966 International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Methods in the 37 West 39 St., 212-BRyant 9-7281 Social Sciences 11 The Computer and The Arts Chicago 60611, COLE, MASON AND DEMING 11 National Science Foundation Grant to the Association for Computing Machinery 737 N. Michigan Ave., 312-SU 7-6558 57 Calendar of Coming Events Los Angeles 90005, WENTWORTH F. GREEN 300 S. Kenmore Ave., 213-DUnkirk 7-813~ reference information Computer Census San Francisco 94105, A. S. BABCOCK 54 New Patents, by Raymond R. Skolnick 605 Market St., 415-YUkon 2-3954 58
Elsewhere, THE PUBLISHER index of notices 815 Washington St., 617-DEcatur 2-5453 58 Advertising Index Newtonville, Mass. 02160 58 Classified Advertisements
.~...... COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION IS PUBLISHED MONTHLY AT 815 WASHINGTON ST" NEWTONVILLE, MASS, 02160, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC, PRINTED IN U,S.A. SUBSCRIPTION RATES. UNITED : :STATES, $15.00 FOR 1 YEAR, $29.00 FOR 2 YEARS, INCLUDING THE JUNE DIRECTORY ISSUE; CANADA, ADD SOc A YEAR FOR POSTAGE; FOREIGN, ADD $3.50 A YEAR FOR POSTAGE. ADDRESS ALL ••..... ··EDITORIAL AND SUBSCRIPTION MAIL TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS., 02160. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT BOSTON, MASS. POSTMASTER. PLEASE SEND ALL FORMS 3579 TO BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC., 815 WASHINGTON ST., NEWTONVILLE, MASS. 02160. © COPYRIGHT, 1966, BY BERKELEY ENTERPRISES, INC. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: IF YOUR ADDRESS CHANGES, PLEASE SEND US BOTH YOUR NEW ADDRESS AND YOUR OLD ADDRESS (AS IT APPEARS ON THE MAGAZINE ADDRESS IMPRINT), AND ALLOW THREE WEEKS FOR THE CHANGE TO BE MADE. .
COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION, FOR JANUARY, 1966 IBM's new Basic Operating System is not really basic.
IBM's new Basic Operating Sys communications concurrently BOS affords you the ability to tem is a unique programming with a stacked job. segment your application pro support package designed for the grams in order that each segment small and intermediate size Reduced job turn around can be written in the most appro SYSTEM/360. BOS enables all language com priate language. All segments can It contains a full range of proc pilers, service programs, control then be combined by the BOS link essing programs and control pro programs, even your own applica age editor into a single program grams that enable you to get big tions programs, to reside on-line. more flexible, more powerful. system capabilities from your To achieve efficient communi And if you and your people are moderate sized installation. cations between operator and less familiar with operating sys BOS is similar to other larger system, BOS provides implicit in tems in general, IBM'S new BOS, IBM Operating Systems that have structions regarding all input/ with its ease of implementation, is been in use for some time. output devices, job continuation the logical place to start getting and similar processing activities. more productive work from your Improved job throughput Five languages computer installation. BOS provides job stacking for Your IBM representative will be rapid job-to-job transition. By providing a powerful and glad to show you how BOS is a lot It allows you to overlap input/ extensive group of high-level lan of operating system - much more output operations with process guages, PL/I, COBOL, FORTRAN, than basic. ing tasks. RPG, and Assembler, BOS enables And you can perform periph you to use the language that best SYSTEM/360-The Computer eral operations or special data suits your particular needs. with a Future. IBM~
Designate No. 4 on Readers Service Card
6 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 c&a EDITORIAL
Workable Solutions to the Technological Revolution
The October 1965 issue of "Change" published by the Cen 3. Do the right thing ter for the Study of Democratic Institutions contains the Let's consider each of these. following information: -A local union with 1300 members at a certain plant in 1959 had only 350 in 1963; shortly with the plant auto The first kind of action is to do nothing about a problem. mated, there will be only 25 men, yet the plant will be There is an old joke: Bill says to Joe, "What do you do producing twice as much as before. when you feel like exercise?" and Joe replies, "I lie down -In the tomato-picking industry a new machine does the until the feeling goes away." work of 70 to 80 men; the machine costs only $25,000. In spite of this joke, to do nothing, non-action, is often There are now 20 such machines in California. It is sensible, practical, desirable, and even unavoidable. Suppose expected that 700 will be in use next season displacing during a whole week of my vacation at the seashore the 56,000 workers. weather is rainy and cold instead of sunny and warm - According to Michael Harrington in the "The Other Amer what can I do about it? Literally, nothing - not until ica," published by Penguin Books in paperback, 1964, there human beings work out control over the weather. Further are 40 to 50 million people in the United States who are more, to do nothing is easy; it is usually safe and comforta in poverty. They may be subdivided into the aged, the ble; usually no one will find fault with you if you do minorities, agricultural workers, unskilled workers, and per nothing; and it allows you to continue to be busy with the sons rejected by our industrial system. Over 11 million of things you were busy with before. Many of these reasons are th('se persons are children under the age of 18. reflected in sayings such as: "I'll mind my business, and you At the same time that this. sort of thing is happening, we mind yours"; "One must cultivate one's own garden"; "Am find severe shortages of many kinds of trained skilled people. I my brother's keeper?" But over and over again the course "How do I get a good computer programmer?" "Why can't of nonaction lets some condition get worse and worse until the carpenter come before two months go by?" Recently a it becomes intolerable, and people won't put up with it any standard index of demand for engineers maintained by more, and great violence and great waste occurs. Deutsch and Shea, New York, N.Y., reached an unprece The next kind of action is to do something - to make a dented height. In "The Personnel Development Problem" by quick study of the problem, choose some action that can Dick H. Brandon (in "Computers and Automation," August clearly make it better for at least a little while, and pour 1965) figures were given showing an unfulfilled need by in effort to carry out that remedy. For example, suppose a 1970 of some hundred thousand persons qualified in pro city is clogged with traffic: a solution is to "apply a computer" gramming and analysis. so that traffic may be handled better and with less conges Thomas J. Watson, Chairman of the Board of International tion. Or in the case of technological unemployment, for Business Machines Corp., said in November, 1963: example, some people advocate retraining. They say, "Re Let's conclude the debate as to whether we have a train the displaced person so that he can work at a different problem. We have. The time has come to find work kind of a job. If an elevator operator has lost his job to an able solutions. If we do this, it will solidify us as a automatic elevator, give him a course, say, in card punch people and help insure our leadership in the world. If ing, and let him find a job as a key punch operator in a we fail, we may permanently alienate millions of citi computer installation." zens and possibly destroy our system while trying to Such partial solutions as these are inadequate. If the ad defend some ideological details. . . . vance of technology were to create always as many jobs as it destroys, and if the personnel requirements for the new There are a number of courses of action we can take; a jobs should be the same as the personnel requirements for great variety of proposed solutions to the problems lie in the old jobs, then the problem would be relatively simple. front of us. But we can group them roughly into three But this is not true. The jobs that are. created are always great kinds: different, and regularly demand new types 'of skills, and usual 1. Do nothing ly demand much more inte1ligence. It takes time and effort 2. Do something for anybody to acquire a new skill adequately. And I have
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 7 never yet heard of a way for greatly increasing the amount of intelligence of a .given human being. Solutions like these are stopgap solutions. They may help for a while; then the problem returns in a worse form. Over and over again, the temporary and partial reform allows the underlying conditions to get worse and worse until they bqu are intolerable. The temporizing solutions have an added disadvantage: they blunt the sharpness of the human energy which would otherwise seek a better solution. The third kind of action is to figure out and do the BRANDON right thing. For example, let's take the disease smallpox, which has APPLIED SYSTEMS, INC. practically vanished, due to the great Dr. Edward Jenner, and who lived in England 1749-1823. According to Collier's Encyclopedia: His investigations on the similarity between cowpox and smallpox started in 1775. He observed that dairy ., carne!rla~!!J:!' maids who had cowpox did not contract smallpox. are pleased to announce the fourth series (Fall, After much research he inoculated an eight-year old boy 1965) of five with cowpox and later with smallpox. The boy proved TECHNICAL COURSES immune to smallpox. Jenner had done likewise with his own son ... Jenner published his "Inquiry into the IN DATA PROCESSING Cause and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae" in 1 798, and conducted by Brandon Applied Systems, Inc. announced his discovery of the smallpox vaccination. - sponsored by Computers and Automation At first it met violent opposition, but finally achieved an almost universal recognition. . . . In 1802 the "Management Standards for Data Processing" government gave Jenner a grant of £ 10,000 and he was a 2·day course for managers and senior personnel on manage· vaccinating 300 poor persons a day without charge.... ment control and standards. This course is based in part on the In this way smallpox was eliminated after having scourged book of the same name, by Dick H. Brandon. (D. Van Nostrand Campany, Inc., Princeton, N.J. 1963.) human beings for centuries. Other procedures might also have worked; in fact, some New York, N.Y. - November 3, 4 times there is more than one right course of action, right London - December 6, 7 thing to do; but the important point is that Dr. Jenner "Operations Control" worked out a scientifically correct course of action, for a 1.day course to provide operations managers and super· dealing with the problem of smallpox. visors with a body of techniques and discipline for operations In the case of a city afflicted with traffic congestion, we control. can see clearly that the long-term balancing and managing New York, N.Y. - November 9 of traffic input, output, and circulation is necessary - so "Computer Systems Analysis Techniques" that the great asset of a viable city can be preserved year C1 2·day technical course on the techniques of systems analysis after year for all posterity. and computer feasibility study. This course is designed for ex The same kind of right solution needs to be worked out perienced analysts and supervisory personnel. scientifically for the problems of the technological revolu Washington, D.C. - November 17, 18 tion: New York, N.Y. - December 1, 2 1. All the goods and services that society needs year after "Computer Selection" year should be scheduled for production using ma a 1.day course for management and technical personnel con· chines and persons as needed. templating acquisition or replacement of a computer system. 2. The persons needed for this production will be the Washington, D.C. - November 16 employed. They should be paid a comfortable stan New York, N.Y. - November 30 dard of living and perhaps more. The capital needed London - December 10 should also receive a reasonable return paid to its ."Appreciation Cou rse in Data Processi ng" owners . a 2.day course for top executive and departmental manage· 3. All the other people in society (the young, the old, ment covering the basic principles of data processing. the students, the housewives, the sick, the under London - December 8, 9 privileged and the underdeveloped) should be given New York - January 13, 14, 1966 a decent minimum standard of living and also incen tives for making a better life for themselves - just For the Fall, 1965 course catalog write or because they are human beings. phone or mail coupon: 4. The way in which the arrangements can be most BRANDON APPLIED SYSTEMS, INC. reasonably worked out - the long term balancing 30 East 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10017 and managing - should be given as a problem (a 212-YUkon 6·1518 great Operation Match) to a computer. Any ac ceptable solution must not be rigid but also have built-in reasonable flexibility. TO: Brandon Applied Systems As Thomas J. Watson said, "the time has come to find 30 East 42 St., workable solutions." New York, N.Y. 10017 Please send me the Fall 1965 course catalog. My name and address are attached. c.~ Designate No. 9 on Readers Service Card EDITOR
8 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 MARKET REPORT
DEDICATION OF THE KEYDATA SERVICE MAY MARK vice are due to on-line storage rental and data communi BEGINNING OF NEW GROWTH INDUSTRY ••• BUT cations terminal and line charges. For example, in a WHEN WILL GROWTH BEGIN? typical Keydata hook-up, on-line storage capacity rents for $200 per month, the teletype terminal rents for $160 Keydata Corporation dedicated its Univac 491 per month, and the private wire connection to get the based on-line commercial service bureau recently, user hooked up to Keydata's computer costs between labeling it as the first time-shared computer for busi $1. 33 and $2. 25 per month per mile. For a typical ness applications. The goal of the system is to provide user located 30 miles from Keydata's service bureau the ,. up to 256 individual business firms on-line proceSSing premium charge amounts to about $420 per month, or of invoices, inventory records, and other business say $20 each working day. For businesses where the transactions. Already 26 customers ranging from a shortening of the delivery cycle by a day or two can $50 million-a-year wholesale liquor distributor (who mean significant improvement in inventory cost or cus:: is dumping its mM 1440 and putting its data processing tomer satisfaction, this premium charge may be easily work on the Keydata's computer) to a $1 million-a-year outweighed by the value of the benefits. clothing manufacturer have signed up for the system. Customers are going on-line one by one during a build As Keydata1s service is currently set up, up of the system's. processing load ... with four to six manufacturing and distribution firms with $3-$5 million expected to be serviced by the end of the year. in sales appear to be the most direct customer prospects. Since there are approximately 15, 000 such firms in the Keydata is a subsidiary of Charles W. Adams United States, the potential market for such on-line data Associates, the highly regarded programming and processing services should be conSiderably greater than comsulting firm. Adams Associates have been exten supplier capacity for many years to come. sively engaged in development and implementation of advanced techniques for on-line computing and man At the current time line charges restrict the machine communications. The Keydata service was distance from which a customer can economically use an first put into operation by the Adams Associates in on-line computer service bureau. Therefore most on July, 1963, with eight stations connected on-line to a line service bureaus will service customers located Digital Equipment PDP-4 computer. This system was within 50-100 miles of the computer's location. Keydata used for the acquisition and processing of data related expects to open a second center in New York next year. to the settlement of some 40, 000 complex legal claims Other on-line service bureaus are springing up in in the Transitron stock snafu. Atlanta, Dallas, San Francisco, and Washington.
Design improvements and expansion of the ex The critical factor in achieving success for ecutive routine (the master program that manages the the Keydata system will be the ability of the programmers operation of the on-line computer) were made during and systems analysts of the Adams Associates in con the last two years ••• evolving the software through two trolling the sophisticated real-time processor and its generations. Regular commercial service was planned executive routine in order to achieve satisfactory cus for the Keydata by the Adams' people in early spring of tomer service while preventing data errors, loss of this year, but unexpected performance difficulties with records, etc., when the number of users begins to ap their computer at that time, a DEC PDP-6, caused proach peak loads. Since Keydata is renting their 491 delays. In a surprise move they returned their PDP-6 configuration for $30, OOO/mo., it would seem that the and took delivery of a Univac 491 computer at the end system needs at least 50-60 active customers before a of July .•• the first 491 to be delivered since its formal break-even point can be reached. However we feel it is announcement in June. Working closely with Univac, unlikely that satisfactory service for more than 30-50 they had the service "on the air" in early October. subscribers can be rendered on the Keydata system be fore '67 ••• mostly due to programming complexities. Who can benefit from an on-line data processing service? Clearly any firm which puts a high premium Both computer manufacturers as well as on immediate processing of inventory level requests, other service bureaus will be watching very closely the order entry, re-order issuance, credit checking, etc., success of the Keydata system in the coming year. A may find the Keydata service j;)eneficial. On such jobs highly successful operation should greatly accelerate the Keydata service gives a response measured in acceptance of on-line service bureau activities. Adams seconds versus a day or two for regular service bureau Associates, by absorbing the expensive development type performance on a batch processing computer. The costs in pioneering an on-line service bureau operation, main consideration in assessing the value of the service is not likely to see profits from Keydata for several is whether the saving in time can justify the premium years, but it will be making an important contribution to charges involved in the on-line hookup. the computer community••• and in particular to Univac by showing it can be done on a Series 490 computer. Premium charges over and above regular ser vice bureau transaction charges on the Keydata ser-
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 9 c&a READERS' & EDITOR'S FORUM
NON·REAL·TIME COMPUTING puter operations of the Home Savings Bank of Boston. The article states that that bank "is the first savings bank in J. J. Brett, President New England to begin operation of an electronic system Universal Time Punch, Inc. Cleveland, Ohio 44121 that establishes a direct link between teller windows on the bank floor and customer records stored in an IBM computer My congratulations on your special issue on real-time com on another floor." puting and supervisory monitor programs. But now, how The Society for Savings in Hartford, Connecticut, has had about that vast market of applications where there is little an on-line electronic system in operation since 1962. Not or no economic justification for real-time computing? only is there a direct link between teller windows on the A vacuum of appropriate hardware has existed for such a bank floor and the computer on another floor, there is a long time that computer users have all but given up on direct link between all teller windows and the computer modular source-data recording devices. However, this vacu includjng tellers at branches. This on-line system was pio um is in the process of being effectively shattered. Paul neered by the Teleregister Corporation (now a division of Wagner Co. of California, Taller & Cooper Inc. of Brooklyn, the Bunker-Ramo Corporation) and utilized the Telefile New York, and Universal Time Punch are all manufactur computer for processing, magnetic drum storage for account ing source-data gathering equipment to provide variable data records, transaction records, and teller journals with magnetic in machine language. tape drives for back-up usage. At that time, I was at As more of this type of equipment becomes available it Teleregister as the programming supervisor for the develop behooves us to look a little more carefully into the economics ment of the package of on-line routines for the banking of "Real-Time vs. Off-Line Data Collection." Some infor project. mation is not needed immediately. Often the desired use The Society for Savings was one of three initial bank is in a batch processing application, such as payroll, job installations which included the Howard Savings Bank in cost analysis, or the many areas of manufacturing control Newark, New Jersey, whose system went into operation in (scheduling, machine loading and unloading, etc.) where 1961, and the Union Dime Savings Bank in New York City. data is not required to be processed until the end of a day, All three banks have branches with all tellers being fully shift week or month. Then the overall costs of communica on-line. tion 'and transmission systems may not be justified and the Perhaps the article in Computers and Automation intended user may be better served by a source-data gathering sys only to stress that the Home Savings Bank was the first IBM tem based on a group of inexpensive modular units. on-line system in New England. However, it was not the In the past, most of the modular or non-wired systems first on-line system for a New England Savings Bank. depended heavily on pre-punching, as the information re quired for batch processing applications is usually known in II. From the Editor advance. In most cases, this provided the bulk of the data for the source document. However, pre-punching did not We very much appreciate the correction. provide the variable information needed to complete a source document. In the past this variable information had to be hand-written, then keypunched and verified. Today, however, with equipment manufactured by the companies aforementioned, it is possible to purchase rela 1966 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON tively inexpensive units to punch data directly into the source MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL document as the data originates. They are particularly METHODS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES feasible for the company which does not require data the instant an operation is completed. Such a system obviously International Computation Centre does not require the investment or the costs of a wired or Rome, Italy cable system. An International Symposium on Mathematical Methods in the,Social Sciences will be held in Rome from July 4 to July 8, 1966 under the auspices of the International Computa tion Centre. Professor F. Braudel (College de France), Profes SAVINGS BANKS WITH ELECTRONIC LINKS sor B. de Finetti (University of Rome), Professor G. Th. FROM BANK FLOOR TO CENTRAL COMPUTER Guilbaud (E.P.H.E.), Professor P. F. Lazarsfeld (Columbia - SOME HISTORY University), Professor C. Levi-Strauss (College de France) I. From James R. Terrell and Professor J. Piaget (University of Geneva) are Honorary Computer Development Department Members of the Symposium. Pitney-Bowes Inc. The Congress will be divided into four sections. Each Stamford, Conn. section will consist of an invited address (one hour), a In the September, 1965, issue of Computers and Automa number of comments on submitted papers (fifteen to thirty tion, there is a short article on page 34 describing the com- minutes), and general discussion (half hour).
10 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 The following is the list of the four sections with their MARKET RESEARCH chairmen: ANALYST Anthropology: P. Maranda, chairman Archaeology: ]. C. Gardin, chairman The International Data Corporation, a serv Psychology: C. Flament, chairman Sociology: R. Boudon, chairman ice firm specializing in market research studies of technical industries, has a professional po The Proceedings of the Congress will contain invited lec sition available on its consulting staff for a tures, the contributions to the symposia, and the program of the Congress. They will be available by October 1966. Only senior market research analyst. papers which have been submitted to the Organizing Com mittee in their final version by May 1966 will be included. • RESPONSIBILITIES • The official languages of the Symposium are French and English, with simultaneous translation. The responsibilities of this position include For more information, write to the International Com the planning and execution of statistical stud putation Centre, 23 Viale Civilta del Lavoro, Rome E.U.R., ies and consulting projects based upon the Italy. market data files developed and maintained on a continuing basis by the International Data Corporation. These data flies include de THE COMPUTER AND THE ARTS tailed descriptions of most of the computer and punched card equipment installations in I. From l. Mezei the United States and overseas, and a high York University 2275 Bayview Ave. percentage of the orders for such equipment. Toronto 12, ant., Canada Participation is also expected in IDC's studies To the Editor: of selective areas of advanced information Much unpublished actiVIty is going on in the application technology such as electro-optics, continuous of computers to the arts. I am seeking to compile a list of surface magnetic recording, etc. research projects using computers and involving visual de sign, architectural design, music, ballet, poetry, drama, film, • QUALIFICATIONS • and the like. If any of your readers has done any \;York in this area, I would greatly appreciate a brief description of The ideal candidate should have five or his work. more years experience in market research Also, how much interest might be there in a conference work in the computer industry or a related on "The Computer and the Arts"? field. He should be able to define and conduct II. From the Editor on an independent basis penetrating studies of 'the technology and market for computers In publishing this letter from Mr. Mezei, we would like to and information technology. He should have ask any interested reader to write to him direct, and to send considerable skill in written and verbal com us a carbon copy of the letter if convenient. munications.
To such a person the International Data Cor NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION GRANT TO poration offers a challenging position within a THE ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY growing company and an attractive compen The National Science Foundation has awarded a grant of sation arrangement. Advancement to a major $61,350 to the Curriculum Committee on Computer Science executive position is foreseen for the holder of the Association for Computing Machinery. Dr. William of this position who is able to demonstrate a F. Atchison, of the Georgia Inst. of Technology, is Chairman high level of accomplishment. of the Curriculum Committee. The primary purpose of the grant, which is entitled Computer Science Course -and Cur If you feel qualified and able to undertake riculum Development, is to develop an undergraduate pro gram for the training of computer scientists. these responsibilities, forward your resume in Preliminary recommendations for an undergraduate pro confidence to Patrick J. McGovern, Interna gram have been developed and were published in the Sep tional Data Corporation, Newton, Massachu tember 1965 issue of the Communications of the ACM. The setts, 021 60. Curriculum Committee has identified fifteen existing under graduate programs and discovered many more in prepara tion. It will direct its efforts toward a comprehensive pro International Data Corporation gram which will point the way to a standard undergraduate 355 Walnut St. curriculum. IIDIC Newtonville, Massachusetts 02160 Members of the scientific and educational communities are invited to communicate their views on this subject to Dr. Atchison at the ACM National Headquarters, 211 East 43 St., New York, N.Y., 10017. Designate No. 14 on Readers Service Card
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 11 COMPUTER ANALYSIS AND THRUPUT EVALUATION
R. A. Arbuckle Manager of Product Marketing, Federal Region IBM Data Processing Division Washington, D. C.
Because of the many computer systems available today, we ships, these comparisons usually are applied only to systems see many more comparisons being made by manufacturers, with the same general organization. There are many reasons consultants, and other users, all of them looking for a tech why this technique is unreliable; a few points will serve to nique easy to use and providing reliable results. illustrate this. Conscientious attempts to evaluate computer systems give Basic core cycle-time comparisons for variable-word-Iength one the feeling that the results leave much to be desired. systems overlook significant items such as character vs. digit There is no one technique, or even a combination of tech organization, multiple vs. single position accesses, and other niques, which represents infallibility. important internal differences. Fixed-word systems differ in Frequently we see spread sheets used to compare various basic structure such as decimal vs. binary orientation, and systems which list the central processor characteristics, input / length of word actually accessed, in addition to other impor output devices available, unique features of the system, and tant features, such as serial vs. parallel adders and variable rated speeds of the .system's components. What does such a word-length handling capabilities. mass of statistics offer to facilitate computer evaluation? It is almost impossible to evaluate similar systems from this Add-Time Comparisons information with any degree of reliability. Naturally, for Add-time comparison has been used frequently to rate two systems with significantly different characteristics it is computer power; again conclusions are usually misleading. usually easy even for a novice to select the more powerful Many examples exist to show how diametrically oppo one. It is also possible for someone who is well acquainted site results can be obtained from the use of this technique with computers of all types to categorize systems into classes vs. the first technique. Aside from the speed of adder cir of relative capabilities. To get a really good appraisal of cuits, in addition to core storage access times, the aspect of two or three specific systems however requires much more single-address vs. multiple-address organization has to be con information. sidered. The latter point is important, especially in variable length systems since add times reflect instruction fetch time. Criterion: Thruput Instruction length is also a factor. The real criterion for measuring system performance is thruput. Yet many evaluations use only internal compari Instruction-Time Comparisons sons to rate a system's overall performance. The internal Instruction-time comparison is an extension of the previ power of a computer system can play a major role or a ous technique which supposedly eliminates many of the short- minor role in its actual overall performance, depending upon the applications and the efficiency of the programming sys R. A. Arbuckle is currently manager of product tems. marketing for IBM's Federal Region (Data Processing More often, the effect of internal power is misjudged, even Division) Washington, D; C. He had previous expe when other factors involved in a system's thruput performance rience with IBM in systems analysis, systems engineer are recognized. As the areas of scientific and commercial ing, and as a sales and applied science representative. data processing have developed, and as actual system utili Prior to joining IBM in 1956, he worked with textile zation has revealed, a merging of functions has taken place. mills as statistical advisor for the Deering Milliken Those characteristics once thought of as unique to each of the Service Corporation; in statistical quality control for areas are now recognized as common to both. Nevertheless, P. R. Mallory Co.'s powder metallurgy section; as in many cases systems are still being rated on some of the marketing research statistician with Eli Lilly & Co.; imperfect techniques discussed below. and as part-time instructor in mathematics and statis tics for Purdue's Indianapolis extension. He received Core Cycle-Time Comparisons degrees from Baldwin Wallace College (BS-Mathemat ics) and Purdue University (MS-Statistics). Because cycle times for fixed-word-Iength and variable word-length systems have such completely different relation-
12 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 comings of the first two. This technique does admit that lator and one MQ register with a system having multiple there are more instructions to consider than just additions. accumulators, the frequency of the load/store instructions In cases where systems have comparable instruction times will, in actual practice, be much lower for the latter system. for certain classes of instructions but very different times Other major differences in organization which should be con for other classes, it may be difficult to rate even roughly sidered are: the relative internal performance without a knowledge of the frequency of instruction use. The application area certainly 1. Single-address vs. multiple-address logic. is a consideration ·in addition to many other factors, such as 2. Word sizes system organization and special features. Therefore, this 3. Fixed-length vs. variable-length systems. extension is still misleading. 4. Index registers, as opposed to on~y indirect address ing capabilities. 5. Effect of data-base conversion time. Instruction-Mix Comparisons d. Instruction overlap facilities are hard to reflect ac Instruction mixes are frequency distributions of instruc curately. All overlap schemes have some restrictions, usually tions or instruction types which may represent specific jobs, depending upon instruction sequences, operand/instruction classes of applications, or even attempts to characterize the address conflicts, etc. entire general area of scientific or commercial data process e. The result obtained, a weighted-average instruction ing. They are an extension of instruction-time comparisons, time, may be a fair representation for an individual system on a weighted basis. An instruction mix derived from a dy in a particular application area; however, it is almost mean namic trace, which lists the frequency of actual execution, ingless to use in a comparison when the number of instruc is certainly an improvement over those listing only the fre tions required by each system is not known. That is, the quency of occurrence. power of a system's instruction repertoire is neglected in such The example given in Table 1 is a scientific instruction comparisons. This holds especially true for recently announced mix which represents a composite of a number of scientific equipment such as IBM System/360. and engineering applications, and it was intended to have it The results of instruction mix analyses should be interpreted typify the general scientific area. only as measures of raw internal computing power at best. Instruction mixes seem to be very popular. One reason is These techniques are better than the techniques previously that they are easy to use, and it is not time-consuming to discussed but still only represent a quick "first estimate." make the evaluation. In addition, detailed instruction times are frequently available. Some major limitations in the use of instruction mixes are Kernel Problem Comparisons generally applicable to both the scientific and commercial A much better technique to appraise basic internal per areas. These limitations are: formance is kernel problem comparisons, in which sample a. Determination of the times to use and interpret routines are coded with the system's own instructions. The an instruction many times will be subjective. For example, scientific area is generally easier to characterize because in the scientific mix given in Table 1, floating-point times many standardized mathematical techniques are widely used will be variable; average times are normally used. The mis in a variety of applications. cellaneous category represents a composite time including Here are some examples for the scientific area which have shifts, immediate type instructions, logical types, etc.; an in been used to evaluate internal performance and which char struction mix in itself is represented. In the use of an instruc acterize the general nature of internal processing: tion mix for the commercial area, frequently the field size a. Polynomial evaluations. These can be generalized by will not be specified; or no specifications may be made for using the "nesting" technique. This calculation reflects index penalties applying to fields crossing word boundaries in fixed ing ability, as well as certain arithmetic speeds in a short word systems. loop of instructions. b. Most mixes, especially in the scientific area, do not b. Matrix operations. These are frequently used in include any consideration for input/output instructions, not scientific problems. to mention the effect of I/O system performance. c. Evaluation of a particular formula hopefully includes c. Instruction mixes are frequently based on, ()r were combinations of the typical sequences of arithmetic operations. developed with respect to, one particular system; the fre d. Miscellaneous routines including interpolation, bit quencies listed reflect the use of that machine's instructions. sensing, random number generation, etc.- For example, in comparing a system having only one accumu- In the commercial area more specific kernels are usually seen, reflecting the major types of internal processing that the specific user is or will be doing. Some types of examples Table 1 used are as follows: a. Comparison of detail transactions with master rec- SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTION MIX ords, and sequence-checking of both files. b. Internal processing for one or more activity types. Frequency of c. Formatting a typical line in a printed report. Instruction or Operation Use (Percent) d. Miscellaneous routines including table look-up, block transfers within storage, etc. Floating Point Add/Sub. 9.5% The kernel techniques of evaluation are growing in use Floating Point Mpy. 5.6 because they have certain advantages. They overcome some Floating Point Div. 2.0 of the major limitations associated with the previous tech Load/Store 28.5 niques. They are machine independent, if selected without Indexing 22.5 bias, and permit the use of a system's general instruction Conditional Branch 13.2 power as well as any special purpose instructions. Features Miscellaneous 18.7 can reflect differences attributed to addressing logic, use of special registers, indexing ability, efficiency of storage utiliza Total, 100.0% tion, instruction overlap, etc ..
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 13 Some of the major limitations of mixes have been re the interaction of the CPU with I/0 is tested; and all of solved in this way but others remain. For example: the success attained is largely due to the efficiency of the 1. The influence of the wide range of I/0 instructions programming system in utilizing the many features incorpo required in practice is not considered. rated in the system's equipment. 2. Factors in evaluating systems with different organi There are two major considerations involved as to how zation may be overlooked. These are: (a) word size differ well either can evaluate thruput in actual practice: ences in the case of scientific comparisons; (b) effect of 1. Benchmarks do not usually reflect the user's actual conversion time in binary systems; (c) fixed-word-Iength vs. jobs or complete jobs. Typically, they will be a part of variable-word-Iength systems and the field-size relationship an entire job, hopefhlly sufficient to serve as a close estimate to word boundaries - packing and l~npackin~. of the total job. The volumes provided for the benchmark 3. Kernels with no weights assigned make it difficult to run may be restricted as well as the size of the records. obtain an overall evaluation; significant variations in relative Therefore, the approaches used by many systems for the internal performance can exist between kernels. Even with benchmark case may not be possible in actual practice when weights assigned, how realistic are they? It is much easier to the system is installed; for example, the use of long physical obtain realistic weights for instruction mixes in specific jobs records on tape, a large blocking factor to increase the effec or applications by using dynamic traces. tive speed attained. 4. This technique reflects mainly hard-core calculations 2. How well do the benchmarks serve to characterize or processing, and ignores the effect on internal performance the entire range of actual work to be performed? The of the many functions of administrative type that may be interpretation of actual benchmark runs should be that the necessary. systems' performance is applicable only to that particular job. This type of analysis also requires caution in interpretation Many other jobs or runs can show significantly different com when evaluating overall internal performance. It could be parisons, and relative performance on an overall basis considered to provide more than a first estimate. It is a may be completely reversed if these were included. refinement of the raw internal computer power provided by instruction mixes; however, it can be subjected to large Actual Job Thruput Comparisons discrepancies in actual practice, even nullifying the effect of programming systems. Undoubtedly the best way to measure a system's per While there are many variations of the basic techniques formance is by running actual production jobs. With the just discussed, all are classified in the category of desk evalu widespread use of generalized compilers, providing compati ation of internal power. A few can provide excellent measures bility at the source language level, it is feasible to run actual of relative internal performance for specific cases, but they production jobs on systems with entirely different organiza are generally applicable only to compatible families. tions. The relative power of a system is not necessarily how fast This technique for evaluation does eliminate the question it is internally, but how fast it can perform the complete job. able area of how well a benchmark problem reflects an In thruput evaluations, one must consider the interaction of actual complete job. However, the second consideration still internal performance, with I/0 speeds and facilities, in addi remains: how well do the actual jobs selected reflect the tion to the most important factor of programming systems overall performance which will be attained? efficiency. Some actual job comparisons have received widespread publicity. Both COBOL and FORTRAN comparisons have been made for a wide variety of systems. If the selection of Benchmark Problem Thruput Comparisons a system is based on these types of comparisons, it is neces There are two types of benchmark problems: one estimates sary to stress that many different types of jobs and conditions time, while the other reports actual running times. Certain should be compared. benchmark problems, such as sorts, can be estimated fairly accurately; others can't. It is easy to fall back into the Thruput Evaluations same pattern reflected in previous evaluation techniques; i.e., time only the main line considerations or the hard-core Until recently, it was difficult to evaluate potential thru calculations and internal processing. I/0 has to be considered, put improvements attained by the use of faster system but this can be optimistic by assuming complete channel over components. Assumptions had to be made as to how much lap and channel balance. of the job was represented by CPU and I/0 time, in addition In scientific benchmark problems, it is common to ignore to the overlap obtained. I/0 by stating it will be hidden due to overlap. In com In the scientific area it was, and sometimes still is, as mercial data processing benchmark problems, it is common sumed that the main consideration for improving thruput to see timings quoted on the basis of tape or other I/0 is to use faster CPU's. Conversely, in the commercial area, speeds; the assumption is that internal processing is usually the emphasis is on faster I/0 devices. It is true that for, a small part of the job can be accomplished during I/O - many specific examples these considerations are most im the tape-bound assumption. portant; however, the joint effect of CPU and I/0 improve The major limitation in estimating benchmark times is the ments can contribute to much better thruput overall. lack of consideration for the effect of programming systems. A very powerful system in actual design can be degraded Hardware Monitors or Channel Analyzers tremendously by this critical factor. Today we have the proper tools to make sound evalua Run-time comparisons provide the opportunity to demon tions of thruput ,improvements; they are called hardware strate and obtain actual "live" comparisons for systems' monitors or channel analyzers. Their results furnish an ac thruput evaluations. All the internal processing required for curate breakdown of time for the CPU in use alone, the the problem is included, such as IOCS functions, other ad CPU delay due to I/O, and channel utilization. From these ministrative type functions, as well as the main calculations results, measurement of overlap can be obtained for chan and internal processing involved. The influence of I/0 is nels operating together, as well as for concurrent operations measured by the effective speeds attained from various de of the CPU and channels. vices; overlap of channels and interference time is reflected;
14 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Table 2
ANALYSIS OF TIME BY THREE JOB CATEGORIES
1. DISTRIBUTION OF TIME Percent: Hardware Monitor's Measurement Category: 1 2
Central Processor Unit Only 45% 88% 22% Unit Record Only 6 2 9 Tape Only 46 4 59 CPU/Channel Overlap 3 6 10
100% 100% 100%
2. THRUPUT IMPROVEMENTS Overa 11 2 X CPU Improvement Alone 1. 29 1. 79 1.12 1.40 2 X Tape Improvement Alone 1.30 1.02 1.42 1. 24 2 X Joint Improvement 1.89 1.96 1.83 1. 90
An Example The greatest individual improvements occur in the two job categories where the primary use is either CPU or tape. Here is an example taken from an IBM 7094 installation It is not startling then to see job category 2 significantly which is primarily engaged in processing many different improved by a faster CPU alone; nor is it unexpected to see types of small jobs. In this job shop type of a~tivity, the job category 3 the most improved by faster tape speeds user had a problem in that the 7094 was heavIly loaded alone. to the point where it was becoming difficult, if not impo~ It may be a surprise to see that either CPU or tape sible, to handle any expansion of the workload. At thIs improvement alone provides the same overall i~proveme~t stage, the hardware monitor was engaged to determine the for job category 1. It is this particular type of Job that IS problem area. Analyses were made of the individual ele common to scientific job shop operations - a large number ments of the configuration as well as the overall perfor of very short running problems. The notion of scientific mance of the installation. It soon became apparent that the work being typically compute-bound is a fallacy. delays were not in the speed of the processor but in the Consider the joint effect of improving both CPU and tape input loutput elements. .. speeds together. The fluctuation of thruput i~p~ovement The first step in the analysis was to categorIze the Job factors among job categories levels out when the Jomt effect types. Three such types existed, and results were collected is considered as compared to either individual improvement for a large number of jobs. The results have been sum marized in Table 2 and are explained as follows: alone. Job Categories: 1 represents FORTRAN II jobs less than 7 minutes long (50% of total time); 2 represents FORTRAN Evaluation Analysis II jobs 7 minutes or longer (30% of total time); 3 represents This example is intended only to show the type of miscellaneous jobs such as PERT, JOVIAL, etc. (20% of analysis which can be performed to evaluate possible thruput total time) . improvements. The evaluation can be attacked by the sa~e Measurements: CPU Only represents the percentage arguments discussed previously: that the overall figures m of time the CPU is in use by itself; Unit Record Only and dicated may be far from realistic since only a portion of the Tape Only represent the percentage of time the CPU is user's total activity is included. However, the user could delayed in waiting for the completion of their respective op take actual measurements on as many jobs as desired. Suf erations; CPU IChannel Overlap represents the time both are ficient data can be collected to be truly representative, and operating concurrently. valid evaluations can yield estimates which have a high de gree of reliability. Thruput Improvements The example illustrates also the importance of 110 con siderations in scientific work. Faster CPU speeds buy only a Of course thruput improvements could be obtained by the use of improved programming systems and 1or reprogram part of the improvement which might be expe~ted; the ming of application jobs. But other improvements can be joint effect of both considerations is a more Important factor. obtained from equipment. The second part of Table 2 It is not only through faster equipment that thruput can shows improvement factors for each job category when be improved; the effect of tape blocking can make ~ signifi making the indicated changes. cant difference. It is possible to gain more effective tape For CPU improvements alone, a factor of two was used speed improvements by blocking on currently installed tape for illustrative purposes only. The next member in this drives, than by going to the next faster m~del and retain~ng compatible family will not provide this improvement on an the use of short records. This tool permIts the evaluatIOn overall basis; however, it will be close enough to demon of other I/0 devices, such as drums and disks. Al~o, different strate a point. The tape improvement factor of two is more approaches can be better evaluated, such as dIrectly con realistically attained with standard equipment available. This nected I/0 processors: e.g., a 7040 handling all I/0 functions, line shows improvements to be expected, retaining the orig inal CPU. (Please turn to page 19)
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 15 Standardized Benchmark Problems Measure Computer Performance
John R. Hillegass Auerbach Corporation Philadelphia, Pa.
The need for standardized measures of computer system Basic Philosophy performance becomes evident when one considers: In order to provide reliable comparisons of computer system • The wide range of commercially available computers, performance, die methods of measurement must be objective. • The wide variety of equipment configurations that The standardized benchmark problems must be precisely de each computer sy~tem can assume, fined to minimize subjective errors. On the other hand, they should be flexible enough to exploit useful individual features • The wide range of computer applications and possible such as variable word length, automatic editing, and block techniques for handling them, transfer facilities. To meet these seemingly contradictory re • The ever-present limitations on time and money for quirements, a two-pronged philosophy is necessary. the selection, programming, and operation of the sys First, the external requirements of the process performed by tem, and the computer system are rigicily specified. This means that we • The incomplete and unstandardized equipment specifi define the type and format of the input that will be provided, cations that the, analyst who must select a computer the results that must be produced, and the basic procedure for system is usually forced to settle for. generating the required output from the available input. The Although no computer evaluation technique developed to computer system must be designed and programmed to con date can guarantee selection of the one computer system that form to these external requirements. represents the best overall choice for a particular user's needs, Conversely, the internal arrangements of the computer there are some techniques available today that can go a long process are left flexible. This means that the estimator is free way toward ensuring that the next computer system you select to choose the detailed programming method that best suits the will be a truly suitable, economical choice. One such tech specific problem and equipment configuration. He may choose nique utilizes standardized benchmark problems to produce to perform the computations and store the master file in directly comparable measures of digital computer system per decimal, binary, or any other suitable form; he may decide to formance. This technique was conceived four years ago in read the input data and print the results either on-line or ,off connection with the development of Auerbach Standard EDP line; and he may make dozens of similar choices in determin Reports, a comprehensive computer reference service that pro ing the most efficient overall procedure. vides information, in a rigidly standardized format, on all The need for internal flexibility precludes the use of any aspects of both computer hardware and software. The tech "magic formula" for calculating system performance; modern nique has been applied to more than 60 'different computer computer systems are just too complex and variable in their systems to date, and it has been widely accepted by computer logical structure to permit reliable automation of this part of manufacturers, the United States government, and private the evaluation process. The estimator who derives the pub computer users. lished system performance data must be an experienced pro This article describes the measurement of system perfor grammer-analyst, and he will usually need to code and time a mance on a file updating problem that is typical of many number of alternative cases to arrive at a procedure that is commercial data processing applications. The same basic essentially optimum for the equipment being evaluated. technique, with appropriate modifications, is being applied to a variety of problems in both business and scientific data processing. The resulting published system performance data, which is necessarily based on certain standardized equipment The File Updating Problem configurations and problem parameters, can easily be adapted In the standardized file updating problem, a master file is by the user to reflect his own equipment and applications. read and updated to reflect transaction data contained in a
16 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Time In Minutes to detail file. A record of each transaction is written in a· report Process 10,000 Master File Records file. This type of run, involving two basic inputs (old master 1,000.0 file and detail file) and two basic outputs (updated master file 7 and report file), forms a large part of the workload in many data processing installations, in such applications as payroll, 4 billing, and inventory control. 2 Problem and Equipment Parameters :> Three major problem parameters can affect performance on 100.0 a file updating run such as this: 7 • The activity factor, i.e., the ratio of items in the detail 4 file to items in the master file. For example, if there is
a detail record corresponding to every tenth record in 2 the master file, the activity factor is ten percent. - • The sizes of the records in the master, detail, and 10.0 ~1'1 report files. These can affect the times required for 7 input, output, packing, editing, and radix conversions. -:7 j;iii'" 4 -r--- n 77 • The amount of computation that must be performed I/ each time an activity occurs. V/ 2 The modularity of current computer systems makes it -r-li equally important to consider the effects of several parameters 1.0 ,.... involved in particular configurations of computing equipment: 7 • Effective speeds of the central processor and all input 4 rT output devices. (The effective speeds of many I/O devices in particular applications will be significantly 2 lower than their rated speeds.)
• Simultaneity, i.e., the ability to overlap internal pro 0.1 cessing with one or more input-output operations. 0.0 0.1 0.33 1.0 • Amount of internal storage available to hold the pro Activity Factor gram, the data, and all necessary utility and service Average Number of Detail Records Per Master Record routines. (Roman nwnerals denote standard System Configurations.) • Desirability of using special off-line equipment to
handle card-to-tape and tape-to-printer transcriptions © 1965 AUERBACH Corporation and AUERBACH Info. Inc. instead of reading the detail cards and printing the reports on-line. • Inclusion of optimal features that may be available to facilitate multiplication, division, editing, indexing, etc. Figure 2. File Updating Times for Several Configurations The Estimating Procedure The existence of all these problems and equipment param An example of a standardized configuration is shown in eters means that there are a very large number of possible Figure 1. The standardized configurations are desjgnated by combinations to be examined. To reduce the published system Roman numerals, and Figure 1 summarizes the specifications performance data to manageable proportions, a number of for Configuration III, a typical arrangement for a small-scale standardized equipment configurations are defined, and the business data processing system with six magnetic tape units results are presented in the form of graphs that show the and an on-line card reader, card punch, and printer. Indexing effects of variations in the problem parameters. and the ability to overlap magnetic tape reading or writing with internal processing are included when available. In evaluating Configuration III for a particular computer system, the available peripheral devices whose rated speeds CONFIGURATION ill: 6-TAPE BUSINESS SYSTEM are closest to the nominal speeds specified in Figure 1 are selected. Any significant deviations from the standardized con Internal Storage: 2, 000 one-address instructions (or equivalent) plus 8,000 figuration are noted, and the rental price for the actual config characters of data uration is published. A dozen standardized configurations of widely varying size and orienta'tion have been defined, and Magnetic Tape: 6 units @ 30, 000 char/sec three to six of the most appropriate ones are evaluated for Card Reader: 500 cards/min each computer system we analyze. The basic timing elements that must be computed for the Card Punch: 100 cards/min file updating: problem are as follows:
Printer: 500 lines/min • The input or output times required to read or write each block of the master, detail, and report files. Indexing: Yes • The processor delays during input-output operations, Overlapped Read/Compute which can range from nearly zero to the total input or Write/Compute: Yes output time depending upon the degree of simultaneity.' • The computation times involved in dealing with one block of the master. file, one record in the master file, Figure 1. Specifications for a Standardized Equipment Configuration and one detail transaction.
COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 17 In deriving the computation times, many methods for evalu Each black dot represents a more recent, or "third-generation," ating system performance are based on "guesstimates" to avoid system; many of these have not yet been delivered. To keep getting down to the necessary level of detail. The standardized the graph uncluttered and to permit you to focus your atten benchmark problems specify, by means of detailed block dia tion on the overall trends, no attempt has been made to label grams, exactly what computations must be performed. The the individual points with the names of the computer systems computer instructions required to perform the specified com they represent. putations are coded and timed. The previously discussed Figure 3 is a logarithmic plot of system rental, in dollars per flexibility in the file arrangement and coding methods means month, versus file updating time - the time, in minutes, re that the analyst who codes the problem can take full advan quired to process 10,000 master-file records in the standardized tage of the individual features of each computer - features file updating problem at an activity factor of 1° percent. Both like variable word length and automatic editing facilities. The the system rentals and the processing times, in all cases, are resulting computation times are closely comparable to the again based on Standard Configuration III. actual execution times for coding written by a competent, What every computer user wants is more processing power experienced assembly-language programmer. per dollar. The diagonal lines in Figure 3 are lines of constant processing power per dollar, or constant price-to-performance Applying the Results ratio; the product of monthly rental and processing time is All of the basic timing elements are worked out on the the same at all points along a given diagonal line. Further common basis of 10,000 master-file records. Then, these tim more, as you move upward from the lower left-hand corner ing elements are combined, with due regard for the system's toward the upper right-hand corner, each successive diagonal capabilities for simultaneous operations, and the total time line represents a price-to-performance ratio that is higher by required to perform the file updating run is plotted as a func a factor of two than the next lower line. Obviously, then, the tion of the activity factor, as shown in Figure 2. A logarithmic systems closest to the lower left-hand corner offer the most time scale is used so that the same coordinates can be used for computing power per dollar; and you can see that the new all computer systems and a wide range of times can be accu third-generation systems represented by the black dots, as a rately represented. The Roman numerals in Figure 2 represent standard system configurations. Configuration III is the 6-Tape Business Sys tem whose specifications are summarized in Figure 1. Con figurations II and IV represent smaller and larger magnetic AVERAGE SYSTEM tape configurations, and Configuration I is a punched card sys RENTAL, tem that takes a much longer time to do the standard file $ I MONTH updating job because of the relative slowness of the punched card output. Figure 2 shows the times required for a particular third 40,000 generation computer system to process the standardized file updating problem for a certain master-file record length and a certain amount of computation per record. Other graphs "- show the times required for different record lengths and dif '" "- " ferent computation volumes to give the user a good feel for the '" overall performance characteristics of each computer system. 20,000 "- "- Now, chances are that the problem and configuration '" parameters that are used to derive the published performance curves will not coincide exactly with your own data processing requirements. Therefore, how do you go about relating the " published data to your own particular conditions?' The "Users' Guide" section of Auerbach Standard EDP Reports " explains the exact computational process used to develop the 10,000 '" published estimates, and detailed worksheets summarize all " the important timing elements that have been derived for each " ~~q.~$"(:) computer system. Using this information, you can easily make ~O~~ -WV 0 oc;~o the necessary changes in configuration and problem parameters and adapt the published processing times to your own equip ~~ Trends in Processing Power The performance of a number of commercially available computer systems on the standardized file updating problem is o FIRST DELIVERY BEFORE JANUARY I, 1964 compared in Figure 3. This graph is designed to illustrate • FIRST DELIVERY AFTER JANUARY I, 1964 recent trends in commercial processing power. It summarizes some of the published results of our system performance analyses of 30 digital computer systems of the so-called second and third generations, all of which use solid-state circuitry and core or thin-film storage. Each white dot represents the performance of a computer system that was delivered before Figure 3. Trends in Internal Processing Power January 1, 1964 - a so-called "second-generation" system. 18 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 group, look significantly better than their second-generation COMPUTER ANALYSIS predecessors represented by the white dots. AND THRUPUT EVALUATION Dollar for dollar, it appears that you can expect to get roughly twice the overall processing speed out of a wisely (Continued from page 15) selected third-generation computer system in this sort of typi cal commercial application. Figure 3 also makes it clear that arbitrary selection of a computer system can be a costly mis directly connected to a 7090/94 used exclusively as an arith take and that a properly conducted computer evaluation study metic processor. can save you literally thousands of dollars per month. Validity of the Technique Table 3 Do these standardized benchmark problems represent a valid, useful technique for measuring computer performance? ANALYSIS OF TIME SPENT Let's examine some of the evidence that makes us confident they do: Hardware Monitor's • First, all of the material to be published about each Measurement Use (Percent) computer system is submitted to the computer manu facturer for a prepublication re~iew. The manufac CPU Only 1% turers are invited to examine our technique and ap Tape Only 16% proach and to let us know if there are any errors in our Unit Record Only 56% analysis of their equipment or any way in which their CPU/Channel Overlap 27% Channel A 38% equipment could be more effectively utilized in pro Cha nnel B cessing the benchmark problems. This review proce 35% dure helps to ensure the accuracy of the published results on each system; and, in nearly four years, the manufacturers (including those whose equipment has Tracking Down a Bottleneck not fared well in the published analyses) have failed In addition to guidance in determining equipment or dif to find any basic fault that would tend to invalidate ferent system approaches, these tools can assist the user in either the technique or the published results. improving programming of applications. • Second, several of the major computer manufacturers Table 3 lists the results of an actual 7074 run. The bottle are now checking out their proposed new computer neck in the run can be traced to something in the unit record lines on these benchmark problems, before announcing operations. Several possibilities may be the cause. If trouble them, to make sure the proposed equipment compares is due to the use of card reader, printer, or punch on-line, favorably with what their competitors have to offer. then substitution of tapeinputloutput should be considered. • Third, in the case of the benchmark problems that On the other hand, frequent cases have been seen in the measure sorting and matrix inversion speeds, it is fre data processing area where the bottleneck is due to excessive quently possible to compare the processing times de use of the typewriter. In this 7074 installation, the operators rived by your standard estimating procedures with the were making excessive use of the typewriter for messages published timing data for the standard routines pro instead of holding down communications to brief operator vided by the computer manufacturer to do the same statements. Experience has shown that, in a wide variety jobs. The estimated and actual times usually agree to of jobs, use of the typewriter has been less than 10 per cent. within 10 percent; where they do not, the discrepancies The thruput in this particular job could be improved by a are nearly always due to the fact that the sorting or factor close to two if judicious use were made of facilities matrix inversion techniques employed by the manufac available. turers' routines differ from the straightforward tech Further examination of the results shows that other areas niques used in our estimates. of improvement would result in marginal savings for this • Fourth, in the relatively few cases where i~ has been job, especially if equipment expenditures are required. The practical to actually run these benchmark ptoblems on use of channels indicate they are well balanced; the degree the subject computers, the agreement between the esti of CPU1 channel overlap was excellent since only 1 percent mated and actual processing times has been quite close. of CPU time has not been hidden. The only possible im It should be emphasized, though, that the published provement indicated, without going to faster tapes, would be processing times are idealized times, with no allowance a reduction in tape-only time through increased blocking. for set-up times, equipment failures, inefficient coding, operator errors, or idle time. We publish the basic per formance figures and equipment costs, and it is up to Turnaround the individual analyst to use his skills to do what no generalized service can do for him: make the necessary This discussion has deliberately omitted a factor very im adjustments to arrive at overall cost comparisons for portant to an installation's management, that of service to his own particular installation. the users or "turnaround"; that is a subject in itself. How Whether you use these standardized benchmark problems or ever, even restriction to the types of comparisons discussed some other evaluation technique, the importance of making an show that overall systems' performance is very difficult to objective, systematic study of all the possibilities the next time measure with any degree of reliability. you are faced with the task of choosing new computer equip It is extremely important to detect all the limitations ment can hardly be overemphasized. As Figure 3 plainly indi which may exist, or considerations to be evaluated, when cates, there is enough money to be saved - and enough poten single performance ratios are quoted. The interpretation tial grief to be avoided - through selecting the best equip has to be placed in its proper perspective. Regardless of the ment for your needs to make it well worth the time and effort variety of techniques used, it is easy to bias the conclusions involved. in favor of a particular system. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 19 FIRST STEP ~---:\% ~~ "! TOWARD EFFECTIVE ON-LINE, REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING Speeding up the collection and distribution of informa tion is the first step toward effective on-line data processing. And Teletype machines are still the most versatile, reliable, and least costly terminal equipment available today. Teletype Model 33 and 35 page printers and automatic send-receive sets operate on the same permutation code approved by the American Standards Association for information interchange. This means they "talk" the same language as most business machines and computers. The Voice of Data Processing In many data pro cessing systems, this Teletype equipment is used as input/ output devices for computers as well as for on-line communications. In addition, they can be used to punch messages and data off-line for later transmission on-line at full speed to distant points or directly to Other Teletype page prillter applications include: airlines for real-time reservations, railroads to maintain computers. optimum freight car inventory, insurance companies for These sets have new 4-row keyboards that are familiar real-time processing of policy payments and claims, to any typist, and eliminate shifting between letters hospitals to forward patient-treatment information to and numbers to further reduce errors. Also, fixed informa centralized billing and accounting, and in many other tion can be stored on punched paper tape and combined communications systems to speed the flow ofinformation. with variable data to save retyping. Applications Brochure Available The many applica Data Processing Uses of Teletype Sets An eastern tions of Teletype page printers in real-time data pro food processor uses Teletype page printers to receive cessing are another reason why they are made for the Bell transmissions from its midwestern branches reporting System and others who need reliable communications their daily sales and inventories. These statistics are at the lowest possible cost. To obtain a copy of our processed in a computer which provides management "HERE'S HOW" brochure write: Teletype Corporation, with up-to-date information on inventory and sales Dept. 88A, 5555 Touhy Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60078. conditions. A Texas gas company uses Teletype page printers TELETYPE not only to communicate messages and accounting data, but also to transmit information about field meas urement equipment to the home office. machines that make data move Designate No. 5 on Readers Service Card 20 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 21 THE VALIDITY OF BASING COMPUTER SELECTIONS ON BENCHMARK RESULTS Edward o. Joslin and John J. Aiken Electronic Dattl Processing Equipment Office Hanscom Field Bedford" Mass. Much has been said lately about the value of using bench the selection was conducted within the Air Force on actual marks in selecting computer systems. The purpose of this problems, anonymity of both proposals and problems must article will be to discuss the validity of basing computer be maintained. Therefore, the systems proposed will be iden selections on the results of benchmark demonstrations. This tified as A, B, C, and D, and the specific benchmark prob discussion is based on the authors' e~perience in computer lems will be identified as W, X, Y and Z. Only relative selection, as members of the Electronic Data Processing Equipment Office of the Electronic Systems Division, Air Table 1 Force Systems Command. COMPILATION TIMES System: Definition of Benchmark Problem A B C D The first point that must obviously be discussed is the definition of a benchmark. A commonly accepted definition W 2.53 2.47 1. 27 1.00 of a benchmark is "a routine used to determine the speed performance of a computer system." Therefore, computer X 3.19 2.67 1.00 1. 30 selections based on benchmark demonstrations can be no y more valid than the routines used to determine the speed 2.57 2.29 1. 11 1.00 performance. Clearly, if the routine used as a benchmark stresses arithmetic functions, whereas my workload consists Z 3.19 2.79 1.00 1.03 essentially of data manipulation functions, then. the bench mark has served as a poor basis for selection, and I might w.ell have been better off not using it. On the other hand, if the routine used as a benchmark is drawn from, and is representative of, the programs that make up the largest part of my workload, then I should have an excellent basis for selection. Table 2 EXECUTION TIMES System: Validit~ of Benchmarks Problem A B C D Benchmarks therefore can be of great value in selecting W 1.00 1.10 2.10 2.57 a computer system which best handles one's workload. But before valid results can be obtained, the proper benchmarks X 1. 36 1.00 2.09 2.00 to be used must be selected. To show why the selection of proper benchmarks is really y 1.00 1. 32 2.76 1.35 important, it is worth considering some of the findings un covered by use of some benchmark problems in a recent Z 1.12 1.00 2.12 4.05 selection of scientific computers within the Air Force. Since 22 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 times will be given. This anonymity' does not"' affect what is workload point of view, anyone of the four systems could reported here, since our concern is not with the specific be judged most satisfactory depending upon which problems selection, but rather the types of inferences that can be are chosen as being most representative of the workload. If made from the example. the workload is considered to consist essentially of compila tions like those shown in problems Wand Y, then system D would be the most satisfactory for completing the workload. Benchmark Runs However, if the compilations were more like X and Z, then system C would be the best system. Similarly, if the work In response to the request for procurement, four systems load were considered to consist of execution of problems were proposed. Each of these systems compiled and executed like Wand Y, then system A would be the best system. four different benchmark problems. The relative results of However, again, if the workload consisted of execution of these benchmark runs are shown in Tables 1 and 2. problems like X and Z then system B would be the best From the compilation and execution relative times pre system. sented in Tables 1 and 2, we can draw the following con Hopefully, the previous examples show why it is critical/ to clusions: select the proper benchmarks to reflect you~ workload. a. The compiler speeds of "systems A and B were ex tremely slow in comparison to the compiler speeds of sys Relationships between Workloads tems C and D. This was due to the fact that systems A and B were utilizing a compiler which stressed object program However, not only must the proper benchmarks be found efficiency and diagnostic capability in lieu of speed. This to reflect the workload, but the relationships between the objective was met as can be seen in the execute times pre workloads represented by the benchmarks must also be sented in Table 2. known. For instance, to assume that one's workload consists b. System C employed a compiler which stressed com of compiling and executing problems similar to benchmark piler speed. The compiler sacrificed object program ef W is insufficient. If the compile and execute functions of ficiency for compiler speed. The arithmetic computational benchnnrk Ware run on all four systems, it is found that speeds of this system should have been extremely fast since system D handles the compilation function best and system its cycle time was considerably faster than the other sys A handles the execution function best. However, which of tem; however, it was handicapped by the inefficiency of the these two systems is best? Unless, the relative relationship compiler-generated object program. between these two functions is known, the best system cannot c. System D demonstrated extremely fast compile time. be determined. A similar example might be made for a This primarily was due to the fact that random access was workload consisting of execution only, say like benchmarks employed to store compiler routines and consequently re X and Z. If the relation of X type workload to Z type duced the usual time-consuming tape search time connected workload is not known, it would be impossible to really with compiling. know if system A or system B would be best to handle the workload. Ranking of Computer Systems by Benchmarks These have been simple examples. The problem becomes more complex as more benchmarks are used. One proposal Now, from scanning the tables, it is clear that the is to simply take the sum of the time for each system to measuring device (benchmark) used to determine the ca pa pro~ess all the benchmarks. But this is naive, unless each of bility of a system does make a difference. The relative rank the benchmarks is equally important in the total workload, ing of a computer system can be seen to vary from bench which rarely happens. In such situations it is essential to mark to benchmark. This should put to rest the misstate know the percentage of workload represented by each bench ment which is often repeated "Any old benchmark will do; mark, the relationship of the benchmark to the class of all' you need is some constant measuring device." While it problems it represents in terms of equipment requirements, is true that a given benchmark remains a constant measuring and several other critical relationships. device from system to system, it is not true that "any old The purpose of this article is to claim that the use of benchmark will do," any more than it is true that you benchmarks in selecting computer systems is completely valid, would use a tape measure to compare the weights of vari if the proper routines have been selected as benchmarks. ous objects. A constant measuring device may be measuring The examples given have been used to demonstrate the the wrong thing, and "any old benchmark" might similarly need for understanding and selecting proper benchmarks be measuring the wrong thing. which adequately reflect your workload. This article has limited its discussion to benchmarks. How Nature of Workload ever, similar arguments could be made for or against any other technique for comparing systems: namely, the results The tables show the necessity of fitting the benchmarks to found are dependent upon the conditions and factors con the nature of workload that will be processed. However, it sidered. If your conditions and factors are not identical to is not enough to just find benchmarks of the general type; those established in the comparison, then you should be very the benchmarks should be as nearly identical to the workload skeptical of using the results of the comparison. The purpose to be processed as is possible. We can readily see that if we in reading any articles on system comparisons should not be to had specified our workload as consisting chiefly of compiling, obtain some hard and fast facts about the relative ranking then either system C or system D could be the best system of certain systems. Instead it is necessary rather to obtain to complete the workload in the minimum time, but we information on how you can establish your own ranking of wouldn't know which one. Similarly, if we had simply spec the systems you're interested in, based on your own work ified our workload as consisting chiefly of execution of load and needs. pre-compiled programs, then system A or system B would be the most satisfactory, but again we wouldn't know which Reference one was best .. In order to know which one of a set of systems is best 1. "Application Benchmarks - The Key to Meaningful for you, you have to have a detailed knowledge of what Computer Evaluations," presented at the 1965 conference your workload consists of. The results show that, from a of the Association for Computing Machinery. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 23 The Popularity of our new 600 Series Carries a Price ••• High-Level Staff Additions t-- at General Electric's Computer Department in Phoenix Call it the price of success. Of course, we're MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - BS or MS required with extensive happy with the number of orders coming in for experience in packaging or high·speed small mechanisms design. our new GE complex of computers ... and what SYSTEMS ENGINEERING - BSEE or MSEE required with 5 or more really pleases us is that orders are coming from years in large scale digital computer or related systems. some of the most knowledgeable, technically sophisticated users in the world. Does anything LOGIC DESIGN & CIRCUIT DESIGN ENGINEERING - BSEE or confirm the superiority of the line better than MSEE with 3·5 years circuit and/or logic design experience with com· winning out in today's hard, nose·to·nose puters or related digital hardware. competition? CUSTOM ENGINEERING, MAINTAINABILITY & CONTINUATION ENGINEERING - A number of key spots for engineers with interest But this means heavy demands are being made on our senior group in these areas and a background in basic computer hardware design. of computer systems development engineers to extend the capability Engineering degree required. of the 600 series beyond the fringes of present knowledge ... in the fields of business, scientific, real time, and time·sharing applications. MARKETING - Specialist, Customer Training - with 2 years experi· ence in the computer industry in customer training. College degree And, in addition, we are right now starting on a whole new "line," required. and numerous company·funded develooment programs are under Computer Sales - with 3 to 5 years experience with medium to large way. All this means that a wide number of openings are now available scale computing systems. in many areas. The men we're looking for must be equal in stature to the calibre of the present staff. Preferably they should have a strong If you want a chance to better your own past performance, and have academic background in Math, ME, EE or Physics. This group is part experience in any of the areas mentioned above, of the headquarters complex in Phoenix, Arizona. we invite your further inquiry. There are many other openings, too, in the G.E. Computer effort PROGRAMMING - BS or MS degree with 3·5 years experience pre· in Phoenix and other major cities throughout the ferred .• Business Systems Applications. Scientific Programming. U.S. If you have a solid academic background Software Package Development. Systems Programming. Data Center and computer·related experience in design, appli· Services (customer·oriented programming in time·sharing applica· cations, sales, service or administration, you are tions. BS/MS Math is highly desirable.) invited to explore these opportunities. Please write to STEPHEN K. STEWART Administrator ., Professional Placement, Room 32-A, General Electric Co., Computer Department A-12, P.O. Box 270, Phoenix, Arizona COMPUTER DEPARTMENT· GENERAL. ELECTRIC An equal opportunity employer M/F Designate No. 6 on Readers Service Card 24 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 ANNUAL INDEX for VOLUME 14, 1965 of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION Published by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 Copyright ® 1965 by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. A: A.B.A., "Third National Automation Con- "Ampex Card-Tape Conver sion System," 14/8 ASI 6020 diagnostic program, "DSI Writing ASI - ference of the A.B.A.," 14/3 (Mar.), 52 (Aug.), 41 6020 Diagnostic Program," 14/2 (Feb.), 30 Accountants, "Computer System for Accountants," Ampex Corporat ion, "Three-Year Warranty by Associat ions, computer, "Roster of Computer 14/9 (Sept.), 38 Ampex Corporat ion," 14/7 (July), 43 Associations," 14/6 (June), 93 "ACM Establishes Professional Standards for "Ampex Receives Contract from Western Electric," "Astronauts Recovery Transmitted on Live TV," Membership," 14/12 IDec.), 48 14/9 (Sept.), 33 14/12 (Dec.), 41 "Across the Editor's Desk:" 14/1 (Jan.), 39; "Ampex Sales Climb 8% in 3rd Qtr. ," 14/4 ATOLL, "Advanced Version of ATOLL Being Devel 14/2 (Feb.), 27; 14/3 (Mar.), 39; 14/4 (Apr.), 55 oped by MESA," 14/3 (Mar.), 48 (Apr.), 41; 14/5 (May), 49; 14/7 (July), 37; Analog computer: "Four-Funct ion Analog Com Audio-visual method, "Computer-Controlled Audio 14/8 (Aug.), 31; 14/9 (Sept.), 29; 14/10 puter," 14/11 (Nov.), 50 Visual Method of Teaching Morse Code," 14/9 (Oct.), 35: 14/11 (Nov.), 39; 14/12 (Dec.), "Portable Analog Computer for Schools and (Sept.), 37 41 Colleges," 14/5 (May), 57 "Auerbach International Div. Has New Director, "Adage Offers Two New Converters," 14/3 (Mar.), Analog computers, "Characteristics of General Opens 2nd European Office," 14/8 (Aug.), 44 49 Purpose Analog Computers," 14/6 (June), 81 "Auerbach Receives Contract from HADC," 14/1 A/D Converters, "Digital Electronics Offers "Analog Computers" (in Annual Pictorial Re (Jan.), 41 New A/D Converters," 14/9 (Sept.), 39 port), 14/12 (Dec~~ 22 "Australian Banking Corp. to Install Computer "Advance Series Expanded from Two to Five Sys "Anelex Income Drops," 14/7 (July), 49 System," 14/7 (July), 42 tems," 14/7 (July), 46 "Announce Formation of Programming Services, "Automated Laboratory Data Handling," 14/7 "Advanced Version of ATOLL Being Developed by Inc. ," 14/11 (Nov.), 45 (July), 39 MESA," 14/3 (Mar.), 48 "Announce Modification to the LOCI Family," "Automated Literature Searching Service for AEC: "IBM to Build Two Memory Systems for 14/7 (July), 46 Individual Scientists," 14/5 (May), 55 AEC," 14/8 (Aug.), 33 "The Annual Computer Art Contest of 'Computers "Automated Manufacturing Planning," 14/12 "SDS Computer Ordered by AEC," 14/5 (May), and Automation' ," 14/8 (Aug.), 10 (Dec.), 51 54 "Annual Pictorial Report ," 14/12 (Dec.), 18 "Automated Methods in PERT Processing," by "AEDS to Establish a Nat ional Center," 14/3 Apollo flight, "Two SDS 930 Computers will Norman B. Solomon, 14/1 (Jan.), 18 (Mar.), 45 Monitor Apollo Flight," 14/10 (Oct.), 38 Automatic data processing, "DI\IA Publishes Aerospace computer, "UNIVAC 1824 Microelec Ap'Jllo moon program, "UNIVAC Real-Time Compu Booklet on Basics of Automatic Data Proces tronic Aerospace Computer," 14/3 (Mar.), 47 ter for Military Applications and the Apollo sing," 14/3 elar.) , 51 AICPA, "SDS Awarded Contract by AICPA," 14/9 Moon Program," 14/9 (Sept.), 37 "Automat ic Drawing Machine Maps Microscopic (Sept.), 32 "Applications:" 14/1 (Jan.), 39; 14/2 (Feb.), Electronic Circuits," 14/3 (Mar.), 50 Aircraft part product ion, "Completely Compu 27; 14/3 (Mar.), 39; 14/4 (Apr.), 41; 14/5 terized Aircraft Part Production Seen by "Automatic Fare Collection System," 14/8 (Aug.), (May), 49; 14/7 (July), 37; 14/8 (Aug.), 31; 33 Late 60 's," 14/11 (Nov.), 41 14/9 (Sept.), 29: 14/10 (Oct.), 35; 14/11 "Air Force Award to Edward F. Weiten," 14/4 "Automatic Film Reader Developed by III," 14/7 (Nov.), 39; 14/12 (Dec.), 41 (July), 49 (Apr.), 54 Application of computers, "Over 800 Areas of Air Force Contract, "GT&E Begins Product ion "Automatic Film Reading for Educational Insti Applicat ion of Computers," 14/6 (June), 83 tutions," 14/8 (Aug.), 35 on $7.4 Million Air Force Contract," 14/3 "Applied Logic Tele-Computing Center," 14/12 (Mar.), 41 "Automatic Measuring Devices Aid Flood-Control (Dec.), 48 Specialists," 14/10 (Oct.). 46 "Airplane Maintenance Recording and Analyz Archeology, "Itek Analysis Will Aid Archeology," ing," 14/10 (Oct.), 36 Automatic method, "Characterizing Documents - 14/8 (Aug.), 33 A Trial of an Automatic Method," by Dr. Alcoa's, "UNIVAC 490 Delivered to Alcoa's "Armored Carrier to get Honeywell 120 Comp~ Davenport Works," 14/5 (May), 54 Andrew D. Booth, 14/11 (Nov.), 32 ter," 14/9 (Sept.), 34 "Automatic Multiprogramming in the 600 Family," Alt, Dr. Franz L., "Some Unorthodox Predic "Army Corps of Engineers Installs RCA 301," tions," 14/1 (Jan.), 11 14/5 (May), 63 14/4 (Apr.), 43 "Automatic Translation of Programs from One Altoona.- "Computer is an Education Tool in ,Army research contract, "Tech/Ops Awarded Altoona," 14/9 (Sept.), 36 Computer to Another," 14/10 (Oct.), 44 Over $2 Million Army Research Contract," "Automation", 14/10 (Oct.), 46 "A-M Data Collection System Provides Verified 14/2 (Feb.), 30 Source Record," 14/8 (Aug.), 41 Automat ion Inst itute, "C-E-I-R, Inc. Acquires Art contest, "The Annual Computer Art Contest Automation Institute", 14/8 (Aug.), 36 Amer ican Bank St at ionery, "Forms, Inc., Ac of 'Computers and Automat ion'," 14/8 (Aug.), quired by American Bank St at ionery," 14/3 Automation, "The International Impace of Com 10 puters and Automation," by Edmund C. Berke (Mar.), 44 "Artificial Flower Company Installs Computer," "American Can Company Installs Communications ley, 14/5 (May), 17 14/1 (Jan.), 43 "The Automat ion-Unemployment Issue," by Edmund Control System," 14/1 (Jan.), 43 ASI computer, "European Geophysical Company "American Can Conducts Special Computer Course C. Berkeley, 14/3. (Mar.), B Orders ASI Computer," 14/9 (Sept.), 34 Automobile parts distribution, "Data Network for High School Seniors," 14/11 (Nov.), 47 ASI 210, "FAA Buys ASI 210 Computer," 14/8 Amperex, "Burroughs Grants Indicator Tube to Control Automobile Parts Distribution," (Aug.), 34 14/12 IDec.) , 42 License to Amerpex," 14/10 (Oct.), 41 ASI 2100, "NASA Buys ASI 2100 for Hybrid Simu "Ampex Achie·ves Record Order Level," 14/10 "Autovon Switching Centers Being Manufactured lat ion System," 14/7 (July), 41 by GTE Subsidiary," 14/3 (Mar.), 40 (Oct.),47 ".\vailable from NCR," 14/2 (Feb.). 40 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 25 B: Bakken, J. E., "Comments on 'Education in Berlin: 14/1 (Jan.), 58; 14/2 (Feb.), 48 "Calcomp Earnings up 11%," 14/4 (Apr.), 55 - the Field of Computers and Dat a Process ing' ," "Books and Other Publications -- Reviews," by "CaJ.comp Increases Sales ," 14/12 (Dec.), 52 14/9 (Sept.), 8 Moses M. Berlin: 14/9 (Sept.), 46; 14/10 "Ca1comp Listed on AMEX," 14/3 (Mar.), 53 Bandwagons, "The Computer Field and Bandwagons," (Oct.), 57 "Calcomp Reports Sales, Earnings," 14/10 (Oct.), by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/9 (Sept.), 6 "Boon or Bane to Capitalist ic Society?," by 47 Bank data system, "C-E-I-R Acquires Marketing Dr. Alston S; Householder, 14/1 (Jan.), 12 Calculator, "IQ-1O-213 Calculator," 14/9 Rights for Bank Data System," 14/4 (Apr.), 45 B'Joth, Dr. Andrew D.: "Characterizing Docu (Sept.), 40 "Bank of Delaware Installs IBM 1410-1301," ments -- A Trial of an Automatic Method," Calculator, electronic: "The 132 -- Second 14/1 (Jan.), 43 14/11 (Nov.), 32 Electronic Calculator from Friden," 14/8 "Banking and the Information Utility," by "Prospects and Probabilities," 14/1 (Jan.), (Aug.), 42 Martin Greenberger, 14/4 (Apr.), 28 12 "SCM Announces Two New Electronic Calcula Banking, "Use of Information Technology in Boston area, "First GE-415 Computer System tors," 14/8 (Aug.), 43 Banking," 14/4 (Apr.), 55 for Boston Area Inst aIled by Regi stry of "Calendar of Coming Events"; 14/1 (Jan.), 25; Banzhaf, John F., III: "Copyrighted Computer Motor Vehicles," 14/8 (Aug.), 35 14/2 (Feb.), 44; 14/3 (Mar.), 38: 14/4 (Apr.), Programs: Some Questions and Answers," "Bowdoin Installs IBM 1620," 14/1 (Jan.), 42 37; 14/5 (May), 38; 14/7 (July), 36; 14/8 14/7 (July), 22 "Brandon Applied Systems, Inc. Acquires Mu1 t i (Aug.), 15; 14/9 (Sept.), 22; 14/10 (Oct.), "Portion of Statement Before Subcommittee Met hods Corporat ion," 14/10 (Oct.), 41 54; 14/11 (Nov.), 31; 14/12 (Dec.), 59 No.3 of the House Judiciary Committee," "Brandon Applied Systems Opens Office in Is California: "Criminal Investigation-Identi Part I, 14/9 (Sept.), 9 rael," 14/3 (Mar.), 43 fication Network Being Set up by Califor "Portion of Statement Before Subcommittee Brandon Applied Systems, "Three New Directors nia," 14/11 (Nov.), 40 No.3 of the House Judiciary Committee Added tb the Board of Brandon Applied Sys "State of California Signs Contract with June 17, 1965," Part 2, 14/10 (Oct.), 10 tems," 14/8 (Aug.), 43 Lockheed," 14/3 (Mar.), 41 "The Barrels and the Elephant: Crackpot vs. Brandon, Dick H.: "The Battle Lines Are California Computer Products, "Pipe-Bending - Pioneer," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/5 (May), Drawn ... ," 14/3 (Mar.), 35 Input/Output with a Plotter," 14/7 (July), 7 "Computers and Automat ion in Israel," 14/5 14 BASF, "Computron Inc. Joins BASF," 14/1 (Jan.), (May), 45 Cambridge Thermionic, "UNIVAC 1050 Acquired by 44 "The Hazards of Contract Programmi ng," 14/7 Cambridge Thermionic," 14/9 (Sept.), 34 "Batched Peripherals' Concept Used by Martin (July), 31 Campbell, Sullivan G., "Man/Machine Informat ion Company," 14/3 (Mar.), 39 "Management Education," 14/12 (Dec.), 39 Transducers," 14/9 (Sept.), 23 "The Battle Lines Are Drawn ••• ," by Dick H. "The New Breed of Software," 14/2 (Feb.), 17 Canada, "Technical Associat ion Formed for Navi Brandon, 14/3 (Mar.), 35 "Novel Variations in Computer Marketing," gation System Sales in Canada," 14/1 (Jan.), Bauer, Walter F., "The Economics of On-Line 14/4 (Apr.), 35 44 Systems: Some As pect s," 14/10 (Oct.), 14 "The Personnel D()ve10pment Problem -- Au "Canadian Engineer ing Manpower Study," from Becker, Hal B., "The Evolution of Real-Time gust 1965," 14/8 (Aug.), 28 Andrew C. Gross, 14/10 (Oct.), 10 Executive Routines," 14/10 (Oct.), 18 "Personnel Problems in Data Processing Sys "Capital Report," by James Titus: 14/4 (Apr.), Beckman, "SDS, Beckman Hybrid System Ordered tems" -- Some Comments, 14/11 (Nov.), 12 39; 14/7 (July), 35; 14/8 (Aug.), 30; 14/9 for Douglas R&D," 14/8 (Aug.), 34 "A Spectrum of the Computer Field," 14/6 (Sept.), 26; 14/10 (Oct.), 33: 14/11 (Nov.), Bell & Howell, "Zoom Lenses to be Designed (June), 11 37: 14/12 (Dec.), 40 for Bell and Howell by Computer," 14/8 "Standardizing Computer Selection," 14/10 Capitalistic society, "Boon or Bane to Capi (Aug.), 32 (Oct.), 32 talistic SOCiety?," by Dr. Alston S. House holder, 14/1 (Jan.), 12 "Benson-Lehner Acquires Te1ecomput i ng," 14/4 "Braniff Gives $1.5 Million Contract for (Apr.), 45 Bunker-Ramo System," 14/5 (May), 53 "Car.bon1ess Paper, Small Computers, Speed Hospital's Payroll, Billing Operations," Berkeley campus, "Educatorll in Electrical " 'Brite-Wall' -- A New Flight Informat ion 14/5 (May), 51 Engineering Meet at Berkeley Campus ," 14/5 System," 14/5 (May), 60 (May), 64 "Brokerage House Installs NCR Computer Sys "Car-Display, Computer-Fed Television," 14/5 (May), 51 Berkeley, Edmund C.: "The Automation-Unemp10y tem," 14/2 (Feb.), 31 Bryant, "Literature Available on the Series "CARD (Compact Automatic Retrieval Device," ment Issue," 14/3 (Mar.), 8 14/5 (May), 59 "The Barrels and the Elephant: Crackpot Vs. 4000 Disc File Reliability Program from Bryant," 14/2 (Feb.), 40 Card controller, "UNIVAC 1001 Card Control Pioneer," 14/5 (May), 7 ler," 14/8 (Aug.), 41 "Computers, and the Public Sector of the B3oo, "Burroughs Introduces B300," 14/4 (Apr.), 48 Card-tape convers ion system, "Ampex Card Economy," 14/2 (Feb.), 6 Tape Conversion System." 14/8 (Aug.), 41 "The Computer Field and Bandwagons,"· 14/9 Bulletin, "Computer Equipment Bulletin," 14/3 (Mar.), 52 "Card to Tape Converter," 14/3 (Mar.), 49 (Sept.), 6 Card transmitter, "Model 2020 Card Transmi t "Bullock's to Install Second NCR 315 Computer "Education in the Field of Computers and ter," 14/4 (Apr.), 50 System," 14/2 (Feb.), 31 Data Processing," 14/7 (July), 7 Carlson, Gordon R., "Time Sharing -- Some "Bunker-Ramo, 3C Announce International Com "Intell igent Operat ions and Their Performance Comments," 14/11 (Nov.), 11 puter Agreement," 14/1 (Jan.), 44 by Computers," 14/11 (Nov.), 7 "Carnegie Tech to Establish Department of "Bunker-Ramo Installs Largest Market Quota "The Internat iona1 Computat ion Center in Co.nputer and Informat ion Sciences," 14/8 Rome," 14/12 (Dec.), 6 tion Facility," 14/9 (Sept.), 33 (Aug.), 38 Bunker-Ramo, "Navy Awards Bunker-Ramo Hybrid "The International Impact of Computers and Carr, Dr. John W. III, "The Future of Pro- Computer Study," 14/1 (Jan.), 41 Automation," 14/5 (May), 17 gramming and Programmers." 14/1 (Jan.), 15 Bunker-Ram Reservation System, "Irish Inter "Looking 20 Years Ahead: The Computer Di " 'CART' for Motor Carriers," 14/2 (Feb.), 35 national to Use Bunker-Ram Reservation Sys rectory and Buyers' Guide," 14/6 (June'), 9 "C-DEK," 14/4 (Apr.), 51 tem," 14/4 (Apr.), 44 "A National Computer FaCility," 14/1 (Jan.), "C-E-I-R, Inc. Acquires Automation Institute," Bunker-Ramo system, "Braniff Gives $1.5 Mil 6 14/8 (Aug.), 36 lion Contract for Bunker-Ramo System," 14/5 "The Pervasiveness of Computers," 14/4 (Apr.), "C-E-I-R Acquires Market ing Right s for Bank (May), 53 8 Data System," 14/4 (Apr.), 45 "Bunker-Ramo 335," 14/2 (Feb.), 34 "The Progress in Programming Computers: "C-E-I-R Buys RCA Data Center," 14/2 (Feb.), "Burroughs Awarded $3 Million Subcontract ," Some Questions of Semantics", 14/8 (Aug.), 32 7 14/7 (July), 40 "Burroughs Ell00 Electronic Computing-Account "C-E-I-R Increases Sales, Profit s in 1 st Qtr.," "Retrospect -- 1941: 'A Tremendous Field'," 14/5 (May), 66 ing Machine," 14/7 (July), 45 14/1 (Jan.), 13 "C-E-I-R Reports Income Gain," 14/1 (Jan.), 51 "Burroughs Grants Indicator Tube License to "The Romance of Good Teaching -- and the Time C-E-I-R: "Computer Program for Political Amperex," 14/10 (Oct.), 41 Shared Computer," 14/9 (Sept.), 12 Reapport ionment s from C-E-I-R," 14/11 (Nov.), "Burroughs Introduces B300," 14/4 (Apr.), 48 "The Social Responsibilities of Computer 50 People," 14/10 (Oct.), 7 . "Burroughs Ups Earnings 47% in First Half ," 14/9 (Sept.), 41 " 'Input-Out put' Booklet Available from "Berkshire Bank Installs Computer," 14/8 (Aug.), C-E-I-R," 14/3 (Mar.), 51 Bushnell, Don D., "Computer-Medi ated In struc 34 Census -- SEE: "Monthly Computer Census" Berlin, Moses M., "Books and Other Publicat ions," tion -- A Survey of New Developments," 14/3 (Mar.), 18 "Certificate in Data Processing," by R. Calvin SEE: "Books and Other Pub1 icat ions" Elliott, 14/2 (Feb.), 26 Berry, "Printing Technique by Berry Granted Business alienation, "Real-Time Programming in Chapin, Ned: "Some Programmer-Emp10yer Prob- Pioneer Patent," 14/2 (Feb.), 38 the Sixties: A Study in Business Aliena 1ems: A Report from the Field," 14/8 Bio-computer science, "Postgraduate Degree tion," by Robert V. Head, 14/10 (Oct.), 22 (Aug.), 12 Program in Bio-Computer Science," 14/7 "Business News": 14/1 (Jan.), 51; 14/2 (Feb.), "What Choice of Programming Languages?," (July), 44 40; 14/3 (Mar.), 53; 14/4 (Apr.), 55; 14/5 14/2' (Feb.), 12 "Biology Foundation Installs LINC," 14/4 (May), 64; 14/7 (July), 49; 14/8 (Aug.), 45; "Characteristics of General Purpose Analog (Apr.), 43 14/9 (Sept.), 41; 14/10 (Oct.), 47; 14/12 Computers," 14/6 (June), 81 "B-L Develops New Large Table E1ectrop10tter (Dec.), 52 "Characterizing Documents -- A Trl.!l of an (LTE) ," 14/4 (Apr.), 51 "A Business Programming Package from SDS," Automatic Method," by Dr. Andrew D. Booth, Blood, "Test ing Blood Under Computer Control," 14/10 (Oct.), 45 14/11 (Nov.), 32 14/4 (Apr.), 41 Button telephone," 'Poor Man's' Time-Shared "Chase Manhattan Bank Orders Five RCA Spectra B1ucke, "Honeywell EDP Internat iona1 to be Computer Input: The Button Telephone," by 70's," 14/3 (Mar.), 43 Headed by B1ucke," 14/8 (Aug.), 44 Leon Davidson, 14/2 (Feb.), 9 Check list, "Real Time Systems: A Complexity Bonner, John S., "Comments on 'Decomposition "Buyers' Guide for the Computer Field: Pro Check List," by Robert V. Head, 14/5 (May), 7 League Boots for Linear Programming'," ducts and Services for Sale or Rent," 14/6 27 14/5 (May), 11 (June), 28 Checks, "The Stopping of Moving of Checks," Booklet: "DPMA Publi shes Booklet on Basics by W. Putnam Livingston, 14/4 (Apr.), 26 of Automatic Data Processing," 14/3 (Mar.), Cincinnati bank, "IBM System/360 Ordered by 51 C: "CAl Achieves 123% Earnings Jump," 14/5 Cincinnat i Bank," 14/5 (May), 54 " 'Input-Output' Booklet Available from - (May), 67 Circuit computer, "Control Data Receives Con C-E-I-R," 14/3 (Mar.), 51 "CAl Ups Earnings 50 Per Cent in First Half ," tract for Miniature Integrated Circuit Com "Bo'Jks and Other Publications," by Moses M. 14/7 (July), 49 puter," 14/9 (Sept.), 32 26 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Circui t modules. "Integrated Circuit Modules ""COinputer Equipment Bulletin." 14/3 (Mar.). "Computerized Job Finding is Offered to Execu from Computer Control." 14/5 (May). 62 52 tives." 14/5 (May). 63 Circuits. electronic. "Automatic Drawing Ma Computer facility. "A National Computer Fa Computers and automation. "The International chine Maps Microscopic Electronic Circuits." cility." by Edmund C. Berkeley 14/1 (Jan.). Impact of Computers and Automation." by 14/3 (Mar.). 50 6 Edmund C. Berkeley. 14/5 (May). 17 Ci vil service. "New Examinat ion Announced by "The Computer Field and Bandwagons." by Edmund "Computers and Automation in Israel." by Dick Civil Service." 14/2 (Feb.). 39 C. Berkeley. 14/9 (Sept.). 6 H. Brandon. 14/5 (May). 45 Clinical tests. "IBM Develops 1401 Programs. "The Computer Field and Bandwagons" -- Some "Computers and Economic Concentration." by Experimental Data Acquisition Equipment for Conunents. from Roger G. Gilbertson. from Walter W. Finke. 14/12 (Oec.). 14 Clinical Tests." 14/2 (Feb.). 28 James C. Reilly. and from Sam Wyly. 14/11 "Computers North of the Border." 14/10 (Oct.). "Coast Guard Buys PSP-5 for Sea and Shore COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 27 "Control Data's Sales Rise 22%," 14/10 (Oct.), 14/4 (Apr.), 46 "Digital Computers," (in Annual Pictorial 47 , Data processing: "Certificate in Data Proces Report), 14/12 (Dec.), 18 Contr'bl Data System, "EKG Analysis by Control sing," by R. Calvin Elliott, 14/2 (Feb.), Digital computers: "Descriptions of General D1lta System," 14/11 (Nov.), 39 26 Put'pose Digital Computers," 14/6 (June), 58 Control Data 636, "TESCO Orders Control Data "Contract for Training Project in Data "Stereographic Projections by Digital Compu 636 Industrial Control Computer," 14/4 (Apr.), Processing," 14/9 fSept.) , 32 ter," by A. Michael Noll, 14/5 (May), 32 43 Data processing conference, "1965 DPMA Inter "Digital Computer Training System," 14/3 "Control Data 3200 Installed at Arecibo, Puerto national Data Processing Conference and (Mar.), 46 Rico," 14/9 (Sept.), 34 Business Exposition," 14/5 (May), 64 "Digital Electronics Offers New A/D Conver Control Data 3400, "Kaman Nuclear Installs Con Data processing forms, "Moore Offers Booklet ters," 14/9 (Sept.), 39 trol Data 3400," 14/4 (Apr.), 45 on Data Processing Forms," 14/2 (Feb.), 40 Digital expansion system, "DES-30 (Digital "Control Data 6000 Series," 14/2 (Feb.), 34 Data processing services, "Roster of Elec Expans ion System), 14/5 (May), 56 Control Data 6400 system, "Sun Oil Orders Con tronic Computing and Data Processing Ser "Digital Logic Handbook Available," 14/3 trol Data 6400 System," 14/8 (Aug.), 34 vices," 14/6 (June), 47 (Mar.), 52 "Control Data 6600 Installed at NYU," 14/5 "Data Processing System Simulator (DPSS) ," "Digital Mapping Contract Awarded to Itek," (May), 53 14/1 (Jan.), 47 14/5, (May), 53 Control Data 6600, "NYU Orders Control Data "Data Processing, Volume VII," 14/4 (Apr.), "The Digital Mona Lisa," by H. Philip Peter 6600," 14/2 (Feb.), 32 55 son, 14/12 (Dec.). 13 Control Logic, Inc., "Schaevitz Engineering Data Products, "Mitsubishi Orders Data Pro "Digital Strip Printer," 14/3 (Mar.), 50 Acquires Control Logic, Inc.," 14/3 (Mar.), ducts DlSCFILES," 14/1 (Jan.), 41 "Digitizer -- Converts Data from Graphic to 44 "Data Products Announces Low-Cost DISCFILE Digital Form," 14/11 (Nov.), 51 Control, "Programming Languages for Command System," 14/1 (Jan.), 48 "Digitronics Establishes Factory Service and Control," by Theodore Singer, 14/2 "Data Product s Report s Earnings," 14/3 (Mar.), Center for Paper Tape Readers and Spoolers," (Feb.), 26 53 14/11 (Nov.), 45 Control system, "CREDAC Control System," 14/1 "Datastrobe Introduced by Raytheon Component s," "The Dilemma: The Choice of National Goals," (Jan.), 49 14/5 (May), 61 from William L. Mandel. 14/3 (Mar.), 12 "Controls, Instrument at ion and Automat ian Group "Data Transmitter with Unattended Answering," Directors, "Three New Directors Added to the Formed by ITT," 14/2 (Feb.), 32 14/1 (Jan.), 49 Board of Brandon Applied Systems," 14/8 Converter, "Card to Tape Converter.," 14/3 "Data Transmitters and A/D Converters -- SEE: (Aug.), 43 (Mar.), 49 "New Product sot Directory, "Looking 20 Years Ahead: The Cook book, "Magnet ic Logic Cook Book ," 14/8 "Data Transmitters and Converters," (in Computer Directory and Guyers' Guide," by (Aug.),44 Annual Pictorial Report>, 14/12 (Dec.), 28 Ed,nund C. Berkeley, 14/6 (June), 9 "Co()k Electric Paper Tape Reader ," 14/2 (Feb.), Datatrol, "Control Data, Datatro1 Plan Merger," Di sc files: "New Bryant Di sc File," 14/1 38 14/1 (Jan.), 44 (Jan.), 48 "Co:>perative Computer Center for Delaware "Davenport Area Technical School," 14/2 (Feb.), "Rapid Access Disc Files Announced by SDS," Hospitals," 14/1 (Jan.), 45 33 14/7 (July), 48 "Copyrighted Computer Programs: Some Quest ions Davidson, Leon, "'Poor Man'S' Time-Shared "Mitsubishi Orders Data Products DISCflLES," and Answers ," by John F. Banzhaf, III, 14/7 Computer Input: The Button Telephone," 14/2 14/1 (Jan.), 41 (July), 22 (Feb.), 9 DISCfILE system, "Data Product s Announces " 'Copyrighted Computer Programs' -- Some DDP-1l6 computer: "FORTRAN IV Available for Low-Cost DISCflLE System," 14/1 (Jan,), 48 Comment s," from Bernard I. Savage, from DDP-1l6 Computer," 14/2 (Feb.), 35 Disk memories, "Control Data Announces Own James M. Detmar, 14/12 (Dec.), 13 "WABCO Orders DDP-1l6 for Freight Car Sort Disk Memories," 14/11 (Nov.), 51 "Corning Glass Works Forms Fluidic Products ing," 14/2 (Feb.), 32 Disc-memory systems. "General Precis ion/ Department," 14/11 (Nov.), 45 "DDP-124 Announced by Computer Control," 14/7 Librascope's Two New Disc-Memory Systems," Cosmic ray studies, "PhysiCists to Use PDP-5 (July), 45 14/7 (July), 48 for Cosmic Ray Studies," 14/1 (Jan.), 42 DDP-224, "Seven DDP-224 Computers for Saturn Dispatching application, "Honeywell EDP Has "CREDAC Control System," 14/1 (Jan.), 49 V Display Systems," 14/5 (May), 53 New Dispatching Application." 14/8 (Aug.), "Criminal Invest igation-Ident ificat ion Net "A Debug-oriented Assembler for the 1401," 39 work Being Set up in California," 14/11 14/4 (Apr.), 50 Display file, "Document Retrieval and Display (Nov.), 40 Debugging epoch, "Computer Programming: The File," 14/5 (May), 59 "CSC Acquires Two ITT Subsidiaries," 14/3 Debugging Epoch Opens." by Mark Halpern, Display system. "Management Display System," (Mar.), 43 14/11 (Nov.), 28 14/9 (Sept.), 40 "CSC Awarded $1 Million NASA Contract," 14/1 Decision Systems, "'JOIN' Youngsters Visit "DMI 610 Series," 14/3 (Mar.), 46 (Jan.), 40 Decision Systems," 14/7 (July), 44 "Dobbs Named Manager SOC Computer Center," CSC computer system, "1964 Tax Returns Being Decision table language, "Preprocessor for 14/4 (Apr.), 54 Prepared by New CSC Computer System," 14/2 Converting Decision Table Language," 14/10 "Document Retrieval and Disp1 ay File," 14/5 (Feb.), 29 (Oct.), 45 (May), 59 "CTI Receives Study Contract from NASA," 14/2 Decomposition, "Comments on 'Decomposition -- " 'Do-It-Yourself' Computer Center ," 14/3 (Feb.), 30 7 League Boots for Linear Programming' ," (Mar,), 45 CUC, "New York Contract Awarded to CUC," 14/8 from John S. Bonner, 14/5 (May), 11 Dosker, Nicholas H, Jr.: "Computer Market: (Aug.), 33 "Decomposition -- Seven League Boots for Linear Questions for Our Readers," 14/3 (Mar,), "Cupid -- A Computer?," 14/12 (Dec.), 43 Programming," by Dr. Jack Moshman, 14/2 11 "Cybernet ics Systems Grant," 14/9 (Sept.), 33 (Feb.), 18 "The Pricing Policy of IBM for Used Equip "Descript ions of General Purpose Digit a1 Com ment," 14/12 (Dec,), 10 puters," 14/6 (June), 58 Douglas R&D, "SDS, Beckman Hybrid System !!.: Dartmouth College, "The Evolving Time Defense atomic support agency, "Control D.ata Ordered for Douglas R&D," 14/8 (Aug,), Sharing System at. Dartmouth College," by Division Receives Contract from Defense 34 Kenneth M. Lochner, 14/9 (Sept.), 10 Atomic Support Agency," 14/2 (Feb.), 30 "DFMA Publishes Booklet on Basics of Auto Dartmouth time-sharing system, "Supervisory Delaware hospitals, "Cooperative Computer matic Data Processing," 14/3 (Mar,), 51 Systems for the Dartmouth Time-Sharing Center for Delaware Hospitals," 14/1 (Jan.), Drawing, "Perspective Drawing Output," 14/7 System," by Thomas E. Kurtz and Kenneth M. 45 (July), 14 Lochner, Jr., 14/10 (Oct.), 25 "DENSIMAG T Magnet ic Tape," 14/3 (Mar.), 51 Drawing system, "CONSTRUCTS -- Computer-Dir Data acquisition equipment, "IBM Develops 1401 Design, structural, "The Computer in Struc ected Drawing System," 14/8 (Aug,), 39 Programs, Experimental Data Acquisition tural Design ," 14/7 (July), 37 "Drexamat ic Model 2545 Punched' Card Reader," Equipment for Clinical Tests," 14/2 (Feb.), Design, Automation, Inc., "New Commercial 14/4 (Apr,), 52 28 Service Offered by Des ign Automat ion, Inc.," Drug product sales, "Computer Predict s Drug Datacenter, "IBM's Time-Sharing Service Ex 14/11 (Nov.), 46 Product Sales," 14/12 (Dec,), 44 tended to LA Datacenter," 14/3 (Mar.), 44 "Desk-Top Computer Keeps Track of our Fish Drugs, "Computer Used to Test New Drugs," Data collection system, "A-M Data Collection Population," 14/2 (Feb.), 29 14/9 (Sept,), 30 System Provides Verified Source Record," "DES-30 (Digital Expansion System), 14/5 "DSI Writ'ing ASI 6020 Diagnostic Program," 14/8 (Aug.), 41 (May), 56 14/2 (Feb,), 30 Data communications network, "Le Groupe Drouot Detmar, James M., "'Copyrighted Computer Pro "Duplex RAM R Introduced by Potter," 14/5 Inaugurates Nationwide Data Communications grams' - COllunents," 14/12 (Dec.), 56 (May), 58 Network," 14/9 (Sept.), 33 "Development of Time-Shared Computer Systems: "DURAL-HUB Computer Reels," 14/4 (Apr,), 53 "Data Communications up Strongly in 1964," Some Comments," by Patrick J. McGovern, 14/4 Dutch Shell, "Honeywell Computer to Direct 14/5 (May), 64 (Apr.), 9 6O-Loop Unit for Dutch Shell," 14/3 (Mar,), Data handling, "Automated Laboratory Data Dial-o-verters, "NASA Scientists Use Dia1-o 42 Handling," 14/7 (July), 39 Verters for 'Predicts' ," 14/9 (Sept.), 31 Datamec, "Master-Slave Tape System by Datamec," Di/ An Controls, "High-Speed Lister/Printers 14/8 (Aug.), 42 by Di/An Controls," 14/9 (Sept.), 40 E: "EAI Achieves Record Sales," 14/5 (May), "Data Network to Control Automobile Parts Dickson, James F., M.D. and Lawrence Stark, - 66 Distribution," 14/12 (Dec.), 42 M.D., "Remote Computerized Medical Diag "EAI Announces Two New Low-Cost Recorders," Data Packaging, "New Computer Reel from Data nostic Systems," 14/7 (July), 18 14/2 (Feb,), 38 Packaging," 14/4 (Apr.), 53 DIGIAC 3080, "First Installation of DIGIAC "EAl Introduces New Datap10tter," 14/3 (Mar.), Dataplotter: "EAI Introduces New Datap10tter~" 3080," 14/5 (May), 55 49 14/3 (Mar.), 49 Digital -- SEE: "New Products" Early Bird, "Comsat's Control Center Guides "Helicopter Rotor Evaluation Time Cut 500:1 Digital airborne maintenance recording sys Early Bird Into Synchronous Orbit," 14/5 by Datap10tter," 14/8 (Aug.), 31 tem, "Eastern and IBM Developing Digital (May), 49 Data processing, automatic, "Principles of Airborne Maintenance Recording System," 14/12 "Easterri and IBM Developing Digital Airborne Automatic Data Processing," 14/12 (Dec.), 51 (Dec.), 43 Maintenance Recording System," 14/12 (Dec,), Dota processing center, "Four Kansas Banks "Digital Computer Checks Authenticity of Inter 43 Form Bank-Sponsored Data Processing Center," Bank Transactions," 14/5 (May), 56 28 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Eastern, "Link Group Receives $1 Million Con cessing," 14/2 (Feb.), 26 i'First GE-415 Computer System for Boston Area tract from Eastern," 14/7 (July), 40 EMAC Data Processing, "Computer Applications Installed by Registry of Motor Vehicles," "ECG's Analyzed by Computer," 14/3 (Mar.), 39 Acquires EMAC Data Processing," 14/3 (Mar.), 14/8 (Aug.), 35 Economic concentration, "Computers and Economic 44 "First Installation of DIGIAC 3080," 14/5 Concentration," by Walter W. Finke, 14/12 Emerson, Marvin, "The 'Small' Computer Versus (May), 55 (Dec.), 14 Time-Shared Systems," 14/9 (Sept.), 18 "First Japanese H...,200 Installed by Tokyo Bank," "The Economics of On-Line Systems: Some As Employer, "Some Programmer-Employer Problems: 14/5 (May), 54 pects," by Walter F. Bauer, 14/10 (Oct.), 14 A Report from the Field," by Ned Chapin, "First Michigan Computer Going to Ferris Col Economy: "Computers, and the Public Sector 14/8 (Aug.), 12 lege," 14/4 (Apr.), 43 of the Economy," by Edmund C. Berkeley, "Employment, Educat ion and the Industrial Sys Fi sh populat ion, "Desk-Top Computer Keeps 14/2 (Feb.), 6 tem," by Prof. John Kenneth Galbraith, 14/8 Track of Our Fish Population," 14/2 (Feb.), "Further Comment s on 'Computers and the (Aug.), 18 29 Public Sector of the Economy'," from "EMR Telemetry to Monitor Largest Mobile StrUC FJCC, "Record Number of Papers Submitted for W. H. Ferry, 14/9 (Sept.), 8 ture for NASA," 14/2 (Feb.), 30 FJeC," 14/10 (Oct.), 47 "More CO!!lllJent s on 'Computers and the Public "Engineers in Electrical Engineering Meet at Flight information system, "'Brite-l'lall' -- Sect or of the Economy' ," by Wi lliam W. Berkeley Campus," 14/5 (May), 64 A New Flight Informat ion System," 14/5 (May), Stark, 14/7 (July), 33 England, "SDS Computers to be Manufactured in 60 Edi torial: "The Automat ion-Unemployment Issue," England and France," 14/7 (July), 43 Flight p1anning-, "Computer Flight Planning," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/3 (Mar.), 8 "English Language to be Catalogued and Ana 14/1 (Jan.), 39 "The Barrels and the Elephant: Crackpot _lyzed Using Computers ," 14/12 (Dec.), 42 Flood-control specialists, "Automat ic Measur vs. Pioneer," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/5 "English Translation of Russian Journal," ing Devices Aid Flood-Gontrol Specialists," (May), 7 14/5 (May), 63 14/10 (Oct.), 46 "The Computer Field and Bandwagons," by "E.VrElEK Est abli shes Informat ion Exchange Floors, pedestal, "Facts About Pedestal Floors," Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/9 (Sept.), 6 Center," 14/4 (Apr.), 46 14/9 (Sept.), 41 "Computers, and the Public Sector of the "Ess Gee A/D Converters," 14/4 (Apr.), 50 Florida legislators, "Computer Scorecard Keeps Economy," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/2 "The European Computer Market," 14/5 (May), 9 Daily Check of Bills for Florida Legisla (Feb.), 6 "European Geophysical Company Orders ASI Com- tors," 14/7 (July), 38 "Education in the Field of Computers and puter," 14/9 (Sept.), 34 "Flow Chart Producer," 14/10 (Oct.), 45 Data Processing," by Edmund C. Berkeley, "Evangelist ic Associat ion to Install GE-4l5," Fluidic products department, "Corning Glass 14/7 (July), 7 14/1 (Jan.), 42 Works Forms Fluidic Products Department," "Intelligent Operat ions and Their Perform "The Evolution of Real-Time Executive Routines," 14/11 (Nov.), 45 ance by Computers," by Edmund C. Berkeley, by Hal B. Becker, 14/10 (Oct.), 18 Ford, "Philco 212 System Installed for Ford 14/11 (Nov.), 7 "The Evolving Time-Sharing System at Dart Scientists and Engineers," 14/5- (May), 53 "The Internat ional Computat ion Center in mouth College," by Kenneth M. Lochner, 14/9 "Forms, Inc.; Acquired by American Bank Sta Rome," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/12 (Dec.), (Sept.), 10 t ionery," 14/3 (Mar.), 44 6 "Executive Predicts $1 Billion Size for Soft "FORTRAN IV Available for DDP-1l6 Computer," "Looking 20 Years Ahead: The Computer Direc ware Field," 14/2 (Feb.), 41 14/2 (Feb.), 35 tory and Buyers' Guide," by Edmund C. "Experimental IBM Radio Permits Many Conversa "Four Day Program to Explore Computer Revolu Berkeley, 14/6 (June), 9 tions on Same Channel," 14/8 (Aug.), 40 tion on Law," 14/10 (Oct.), 47 "A National Computer FaCility," by Edmund "Experimental Self-Actuated Read/Write Head," "Four-Funct ion Analog Computer," 14/11 (Nov.), C. Berkeley, 14/1 (Jan.), 6 14/1 (Jan.), 50 50 "The Pervasiveness of Computers," by Edmund "Extended Computer Applicat ions for the Mis "$400,000 Air Force Software Contracts to C. Berkeley, 14/4 (Apr.), 8 souri Pacific Railroad," 14/11 (Nov.), 40 Informatics Inc.," 14/9 (Sept.), 33 "The Progress in Programming Computers: Some "Four Kansas Banks Form Bank-Sponsored Data Questions of Semantics," by Edmund C. Processing Center," 14/4 (Apr.), 46 Berkeley, 14/8 (Aug.), 7 [: "FAA Buys ASI 210 Computer," 14/8 (Aug.), 1401. "A Debug-{)riented Assembler for the "The Social Responsibilities of Computer 34 1401," 14/4 (Apr.), 50 People," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/10 "Fabri-Tek Report s Increased Sales," 14/1 1401 programs, "IBM Develops 1401 Programs, (Oct.), 7 (Jan.), 51 Experimental Data Acquisition Equipment EDP, "1965 'Biggest Year' Yet for EDP, Finke "Fabri-Tek Sales Up, Profits Drop," 14/12 for Clinical Tests," 14/2 (Feb.), 28 Predict s," 14/2 (Feb.), 41 (Dec.),53 France, "SDS Computers to be Manufactured in "Education, as Ruthless as Evolution," from Factory service center, "Digitronics Estab England and France," 14/7 (July), 43 Mrs.'-Helen Solem, 14/10 (Oct.), 10 lishes Factory Service Center for Paper Tape French, "New Computer to Guide and Control "Education in Computers and Data Processing," Readers and Spoolers," 14/11 (Nov.), 45 French Sea-to-Air Missiles ," 14/7 (July), 41 from E. J. Haga, 14/11 (Nov.), 11 "Facts About Pedestal Floors," 14/9 (Sept.), Friden, "The 132 -- Second Electronic Calcu Education: "Computer Usage Company Enters 41 lator from Friden ," 14/8 (Aug.), 42 Educat ion Field," 14/11 (Nov.), 45 "Fairchild Camera Announces Advanced Digital "FSU Studies Computer Potential in Helping "Computers, Educat ion, and the Government," Data Recording Systems," 14/1 (Jan.), 49 Pupils Learn," 14/2 (Feb.), 33 by Rod E. Packer, Ph.D., 14/3 (Mar.), 14 Fairchild, "Control Data Corporation Places "Full Computer Control of a Nuclear Reactor," "Employment, Educat ion and the Industrial Largest Device Order in Fairchild History," 14/12 (Dec.), 44 System," by Prof. John Kennet h Galbraith, 14/1 (Jan.), 40 Ful ton, Roger L., "Programming Graphic Devices," 14/8 (Aug.), 18 Fare collection, "Automatic Fare Collection 14/11 (~ov.), 17 "Education in the Field of Computers and Data System," 14/8 (Aug.), 33 "Furniture Sales to be Analyzed by H-3400 Sys Processing," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/7 Favret, Andrew G., "Useful In format ion," 14/7 tems," 14/1 (Jan.), 43 (July), 7 (July), 33 "Further Comments on 'Computers and the Public "Education in the Field of Computers and Data "Fawcett Publications Installs Computer," 14/3 Sector of the Economy'," from W. H. Ferry, Processing," Comments on, from: I. Rev. (Mar.), 41 14/9 (Sept.), 8 R. J. Verstyneni II. the Editor; III. J. E. "FCC Plans Allocation of UHF TV Channels with "The Future of Computers in the Federal Gov Bakken, 14/9 (Sppt.), 8 UNIVAC III Computer," 14/4 (Apr.), 42 ernment," by James P. Titus, 14/5 (May), 22 "Educat ion News": 14/2 (Feb.), 33; 14/3 FCI tape, "MAC's 3200 FeI Tape Now Available," Future, "The Computer's Impact on the Future," (Mar.), 45; 14/4 (Apr.), 46; 14/7 (July), 44; 14/11 (Nov.), 52 by David Sarnoff, 14/1 _(Jan.), 10 14/8 (Aug.), 36; 14/9 (Sept.), 36; 14/10 Federal government: "The Future of Computers "The Future of Programmers," from Joseph P. (Oct.), 42; 14/11 (Nov.), 47; 14/12 (Dec.), in t he Feder a1 Government," by J ame s P, Grammer, 14/7 (July), 11 49 Titus,14/5 (May), 22 "The Future of Programming and Programmers," "Educational Computer Center in Sacramento, "Sound Management and Effective Use of Com by Dr. John W. Carr, III, 14/1 (Jan.), 15 Calif.," 14/10 (Oct.), 42 puters in the Federal Government," by Wil Educational equipment, "Westinghouse Educa liam A. Gill, 14/4 (Apr.), 14 tional Equipment Delivered to Stanford $250 Million Annual Savings in the Federal Q: Galbraith, Prof. John Kenneth, "Employ University," 14/7 (July), 42 Government's Use of Computers," by Govern ment, Educat ion and the Industrial System," Educational Institutions, "Automatic Film ment Act i vit ies Subcommittee, 14/5 (May), 14/8 (Aug.), 18 Reading for Educational Institutions," 42 "GE-APT ," 14/12 (Dec.), 50 14/8 (Aug.), 35 Ferris College, "First Michigan Computer Going "GE Computer Department Now Offering Time Educational oodules, "Laboratory and Educa to Ferris College," 14/4 (Apr.), 43 Sharing Service," 14/12 (Dec.), 48 tional Modules," 14/4 (Apr.), 54 Ferry, W. H., "Further Comments on 'Computers "GE Computer Service Center in San Fran cisco," Educat ional tool, "Computer is an Educat ional and the Public Sector of the Economy," 14/9 14/10 (Oct.), 41 Tool in Altoona," 14/9 (Sept.), 36 (S'!pt.), 8 "GE Expands Abilities of Compatibles/400 "EKG Analysis by Control Data System," 14/11 Feurzeig, Wallace, "Towards More Versat ile Family," 14/4 (Apr.), 48 (Nov.), 39 Teaching Machines ," 14/3 (Mar.), 22 "GE Receives Contract for $2.9 Million from Electronic computing, "Roster of Electronic Fidelity Mutual Life, "lOOOth NCR Computer NASA," 14/3 (Mar.), 41 Computing and Data Processing Services," System Installed at Fidelity Mutual Life," GE-1l5, "New GE-1l5 Developed by Olivetti in 14/6 (June), 47 14/1 (Jan.), 42 Italy," 14/4 (Apr.), 50 "Electronic Data Corp. Installs Honeywell 200," Film guide, "New Computer Book and Film Guide GE-22~, "IEEE Installs GE-225," 14/3 (Mar.), 14/2 (Feb.), 31 Available," 14/8 (Aug.), 44 42 Electronic inscriber, "IBM 1260 Electronic Film viewer, "Itek Introduces New Film Viewer," GE-4l5: "First GE-4l5 Computer System for Inscriber," 14/3 (Mar.), 49 14/7 (July), 48 Boston Area Installed by Registry of Motor "Electronic Systems Center," 14/12 (Dec.), 48 Financial analysts, "Compustat - New Service Vellicles," 14/8 (Aug.), 35 "Electronics Tech Brief Issued by NASA," 14/12 for Financial Analysts ," 14/5 (May), 55 "Evangelistic Association to Install GE-4l5," (Dec.), 51 "Finke Predict s Record Year for EDP in '66," 14/1 (Jan.), '12 "Electro photography • Subject of Agreement," 14/12 (Dec.), 52 "Green Giant Ins,ta11s GE-4l5," 14/5 (May~ 54 14/1 (Jan.), 44 Finke, Waiter W., "Computers and Economic GE-635, "Hughes Aircraft Orders $3.5 Million Electrop10tter, "B-L Develops New Large Table Collcentrat ion," 14/12 (Dec.), 14 GE-635 System," 14/7 (July). 41 Electroplotter (LTE) ," 14/4 (Apr.), 51 "First Computer Telemetry System Now in Opera General Electric, "Two New Memory Dev_ices from Elliott, R. Calvin, "Certificate in Data Pro- tion in Washington State," 14/7 (July), 38 General Electric," 14/7 (July), 47' COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 29 General Precision, "Control Data Corporation creases Productivity 40'~," 14/2 (Feb.), 22 14/12 (Dec.), 10 Acquires Certain Assets of General Precisions Hite, Rev. Jim, "Lifeline to the Outside "Space Computer Developed by IBM for Moon Business Computer Operation," 14/9 (Sept.), World," 14/12 (Dec.), 12 Rocket," 14/1 (Jan.), 45 35 Holiday Inns, "More than 600 Holiday Inns IBM computer, "Student Loan Requests Get 'Fair General Precision/Librascope. "Giant Disc Connected by 'Holidex'," 14/9 (Sept.), 30 Hearing' from IBM Computer," 14/12 (Dec.), MelllOries by General Precision/Librascope," Holidex, "More than 600 Holiday Inns Connected 41 14/10 (Oct.), 44 by 'llolidex'," 14/9 (Sept.), 30 "IBM Demonstrates Compatability Between Com "General Precision/Librascope's Two New Disc "Home Savings Bank Begins Computer Operation," puters," 14/3 (Mar.), 48 Memory Systems," 14/7 (July), 48 14/9 (Sept.), 34 "1111 Develops Experimental Scanning Device," "Georgia Students Among First in Nation to Have "Honeywell Computer to Direct 60-Loop Unit 14/1 (Jan.), 50 Computer Classes ," 14/12 (Dec.), 49 for Dutch Shell," 14/3 (Mar.), 42 "IBM Develops 1401 Programs, Experimental "GI Builds Microcircuit s for Space Experiments," "Honeywell EDP Has New Dispatching Applica Data Acquisition Equipment for Clinical 14/8 (Aug.), 43 tion," 14/8 (Aug.), 39 Tests," 14/2 (Feb.), 28 "Giant Disc Memories by General Precision/ "Honeywell EDP Has New Pricing Plan," 14/12 IBM engineers, "More Compact Computer Memory Librascope," 14/10 (Oct.), 44 (Dec.), 53 ,Developed by IBM Engineers," 14/11 (Nov.), Gilbertson, Roger G., "The Computer Field and "Honeywell EDP Internat ional to be Headed by 51 Bandwagons" -- Some Comments, 14/11 (Nov.), B1ucke," 14/8 (Aug.), 44 "1111 Introduces Low-Cost 1111 System/360," 11 "Honeywell 8200 System Handles Nine Programs 14/1 (Jan.), 47 Gill, William A., "Sound Management and Ef Simultaneously," 14/8 (Aug.), 38 1111 radio, "Experimental IBM Radio Permits fect ive Use of Computers in the Federal H:lneywell, "$1.4 Million EDP Order for Honey Many Conversat ions on Same Channel," 14/8 GOlTernment ," 14/4' (Apr.), 14 well," 14/4 (Apr.), 44 (Aug.), 40 Government ActiviGes Subcommittee, "250 Honeywell 120 computer," Armored Carrier to "1&'1' s Recent Price Policy Changes and Their 'Million Annual Savings in the Federal Govern Get Honeywell 120 Computer," 14/9 (Sept.), 34 Significance for the Computer Field," by ment 's Use of Computers," 14/5 (May), 42 "Honeywell 120 Ordered for Con-Dat a Systems," Patrick J. McGovern, 14/12 (Dec.), 7 Government, "Computers, Educat ion, and the 14/8 (Aug.), 34 "IBM Reports Increased Profits," 14/3 (Mar.), Government," by Rod E. Packer, Ph .0., 14/3 "Honeywell and SAAB Sign Agreement," 14/3 53 (Mar.),14 (Mar.), 43 IBM system, "Kellogg-Gitizens Nat ional In "GP's Link Group Receives $7 Million Contract," "Honeywell's Sales, Earnings Rise," 14/9 stalls IBM System," 14/2 (Feb.), 31 14/1 (Jan.), 41 (Sept.), 41 1111 System/360: "IBM Introduces Low-Cost IBM Grammer, Joseph P., "The Future of Program "Honeywell Sales, Earnings Set Records ," 14/3 System/360," 14/1 (Jan.), 47 mers," 14/7 (July), 11 (Mar.), 53 "Internal Revenue Service Orders IBM System/ Grand Coulee Dam, "Contract for H610 to be Honeywell, "Series 200 Announced by Honeywell," 360 for National Computer Center," 14/3 Installed at Grand Coulee Dam," 14/5 (May), 14/4 (Apr.), 49 (Mar.), 42 53 "The Honeywell 20 Digital Control System," "Model 44 Added to IBM System/360," 14/10 "Grants Further Cooperative Research in Me 14/3 (Mar.), 46 (Oct.), 44 chanical Translation," 14/9 (Sept.), 32 Honeywell 200: "Electronic Data Corp. Installs "New Programs for IBM System/360," 14/11 Graphic data out put, "Some Applicat ions of Honeywell 200," 14/2 (Feb.), 31 30 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Some Insights and Conunents," 14/7 (July), 14 terns," 14/2 (Feb.), 31 Questions," by Richard K. Overton, 14/7 "Input/Output and System 360," by Robert W. "Keyboards for Use with Input/Output Devices," (July), 26 Sollinger, Jr., 14/7 (July),16 14/2 (Feb.), 39 Magnesium, "Use of Magnesium in Random-Access Input-out put -- SEE: "New Product s" Keyboards, "NAVCOR Series 1050 Keyboards," Disc File Memory Systems," 14/2 (Feb.), 40 "'Instant Proof-Reading' ," 14/8 (Aug.), 31 14/3 (Mar.), 50 "Magnetic Logic Cook Book," 14/8 (Aug.), 44 "Institute of Textile Technology Expands Com- Key punch device, "Micro Punch 461 -- Portable "MaQnetic Recording Equipment Operations Con puter Facilities," 14/1 (Jan.), 42 Key Punch Device," 14/10 (Oct.), 46 solidated by 3M," 14/4 (Apr.), 45 Instruction, "Computer-Mediated Instruction - Kurtz, Thomas E. and Kenneth M. Lochner, Jr., Magnet ic tape cert ifiers, "Control Data An A Survey of New Development s," by Don D. "Supervisory Systems for the Dartmouth Time nounces Expanded Line of Magnet ic Tape Bushnell, 14/3 (Mar.), 18 . Sharing System," 14/10 (Oct.), 25 Certifiers," 14/11 (Nov.), 52 Instruction materials, "Programmed Instruction "KYREAD Tape Developer," 14/10 (Oct.), 46 Magnetic tape, "DENSIMAG T Magnetic Tape," Materials for Computer Programming -- A Sur 14/3 (Mar.), 51 vey," by Gloria M. Silvern, 14/3 (Mar.), 26 "Magnet ic Tape Rehabilitat ion Center," 14/2 Int egrated circuit s, "The Impact of Integrated !..: "L-20l0 Computer Delivered to,Navy," 14/4 (Feb.), 39 Circuits on the Computer Field," 14/7 (July), (Apr.), 43 "MAl Increases Revenues Sharply," 14/7 (July), 9 L-304, "Litton's L-304," 14/10 (Oct.), 43 49 "Integrated Circuit Modules from Computer Con "Laboratory and Educat ional Modules," 14/4 "Management Display System," 14/9 (Sept.), 40 trol," 14/5 (May), 62 (Apr.), 54 "Management Education," by Dick H. Brandon, "Integrated Circuit Version of LINC Computer," La., "Largest Non-Government Computer System 14/12 (Dec.), 39 14/9 (Sept.), 37 in La. at Tulane University," 14/7 (July), "Man/Machine In format ion Transducers," by "Intelligent Machines and Hazy Questions," by 41 Sullivan G. Campbell, 14/9 (Sept.), 23 Richard K. Overton, 14/7 (July), 26 "Largest Non-Government Computer System in La. Management, "Personnel Problems in Data Pro "Intelligent Operat ions and Their Performance at Tulane University," 14/7 (July), 41 cessing Systems: The Approach of Top by Computers," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/11 Law, "Four Day Program to Explore Computer Management," by Harvey W. Protzel, 14/8 (Nov.), 7 Revolution on Law," 14/10 (Oct.), 47 (Aug.), 16 Inter-bank transact ions, "Digital Computer Leeds & Northrup, "Consolidated Edison Orders "Management Problems in a Changing Technologi Checks Authent icity of Inter-Bank Trans Control System from Leeds & Northrup," 14/1 cal Environment," by Dr. Lloyd P. Smith, 14/4 actions," 14/5 (May). 56 (Jan.), 41 (Apr.), 18 "Internal Revenue Reports Results of Computer "Leeds & Northrup Ships Digital Computer Sys Mandel, William, "The Dilemma: The Choice of Use," 14/5 (May), 50 tem to Italian Steam Power Station," 14/8 National Goals, 14/3 (Mar.), 12 "Internal Revenue Service Orders lIM System! (Aug.), 35 "Manned Spacecraft Center to Install UNIVAC 360for Nat ional Computer Center," 14/3 "Leeds & Northrup to Supply Computer Systems ll08," 14/3 (Mar.), 42 (Mar.), 42 for Mine-Mouth Power Station," 14/2 (Feb.), Manpower Management System, "u .S. Navy to Use "The International Computation Center in 30 IBM System/360s in Manpower Management Sys Rome," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/12 (Dec.), Legislators, "Computer Scorecard Keeps Daily tem," 14/3 (Mar.), 42 6 Check of Bills for Florida Legislators," 14/7 Manufacturing planning, "Automated Manufactur "The Internat ional Impact of Computers and (July), 38 ing Planning," 14/12 (Dec.), 51 Automation," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/5 "Le Groupe Drouot Inaugurates Nat ionwide Data "Mariner IV Data Displayed on 24-Hour Basis (May), 17 Communications Network," 14/9 (Sept.), 33 for the Full 7J2 Month Mission," 14/10 (Oct.), International trade program, "New York State's Library center, electronic, "U.S. Pavilion 35 Internat ional Trade Program Aided by Com Has a Remote Electronic Library Center," Market quotat ion facility, "Bunker-Ramo Installs puter," 14/11 (Nov.), 39 14/7 (July), 38 Largest Market Quotation Facility," 14/9 "Investment Firm to Handle Commodities Ser "Lifeline to the Outside World," from Rev. (Sept.), 33 vices by Computer," 14/1 (Jan.), 43 Jim Hite, and Roscoe E. Walls, 14/12 (Dec.), Market Report: 14/2 (Feb.), 7; 14/3 (Mar.), "Invitation to Our Readers," from the Editor, 12 9; 14/4 (Apr.), 8; 14/5 (May), 9; 14/7 14/1 (Jan.), 10 LINC: "Biology Foundation Installs LINC," (July), 9; 14/8 (Aug.), 9; 14/10 (Oct.), 9; "IQ-I0-213 Calculator ," 14/9 (Sept.), 40 14/4 (Apr.), 43 14/11 ("lov.), 9; 14/12 (Dec.), 7 "Ir ish Internat ional to Use Bunker-Ramo Reser "Integrated Circuit Version of LINC Compu Mars: "Pictures of Mars 'Developed' by Digi vation System," 14/4 (Apr.), 44 ter," 14/9 (Sept.), 37 t al Computer," 14/9 (Sept,), 29 "Is Computing a Profession?," by Dr. Robert "Stanford Orders LINC Computer," 14/7 (July), "$2 Worth of Magnet ic Tape Recorded 120 P. Rich, 14/8 (Aug.), 22 42 Million Dollar Photos of Mars," 14/10 "ISO Committee Approves World-Wide Standards "Line Printer Information Manual," 14/5 (May), (Oct.), 36 for Information Interchange," 14/12 (Dec.), 63 Martin Company, "'Batched Peripherals' Concept 51 Linear programming: "Comments on 'Decomposi Used by Mart in Company," 14/3 (Mar.), 39 Israel: "Brandon Applied Systems Opens Of tion - 7 League Boots for Linear Pro "Mass Memory Storage Files Added to Series 200 fice in Israel," 14/3 (Mar.), 43 gramming , ," from John S. Bonner, 14/5 Line," 14/5 (May), 58 "Computers and Automation in Israel," by (May), 11 "Massachusett s Schools to Have Experimental Dick H. Brandon. 14/5 (May), 45 "De compos it ion -- Seven League Boot s for Computer Network," 14/8 (Aug.), 36 Italian steam power station, "Leeds & North Linear Programming," by Dr. Jack Moshman, "Master-Slave Tape System by DATAMEC," 14/8 rup Ships Digital Computer System to Italian 14/2 (Feb.), 18 (Aug.), 42 Steam Power Station," 14/8 (Aug.), 35 "Link Group Receives $1 Million Contract from Mathemat ics, computer, "High School Math "Itek Analysis Will Aid Archeology," 14/8 Eastern," 14/7 (July), 40 Teachers to Attend Summer Inst itute in Com (Aug.), 33 Lister/Printers, "High-Speed Lister/Printers puter Mathematics," 14/4 (Apr.), 46 Itek, "Digital Mapping Contract Awarded to by Di/An Controls," 14/9 (Sept.), 40 Matson, Morris C., "More Comments on 'Computers Itek," 14/5 (May), 53 "Literature Available on the Series 4000 and the Public Sector of the Economy' ," and "Itek Introduces New Film Viewer," 14/7 Disc File Reliability Program from Bryant ," from Elton Ray, and the Editor, 14/5 (May), (July), 48 14/2 (Feb.), 40 12 "Itek Reports Record Earnings," 14/1 (Jan.), Literature searching service, "Automated McGovern, Patrick J.: "Development of Time 51 Literature Searching Service for Individual Shared Computer Systems: Some Conunents," "ITI 4900 Real-Time Computer," 14/4 (Apr.), Scient ist s ," 14/5 (May), 55 14/4 (Apr.), 9 ·HI "Litton's L-304," 14/10 (Oct.), 43 "IBM's Recent Price Policy Changes and Their ITT: "Controls, Instrumentation and Auto Livingston, W. Putnam, "The Stopping of Moving Significance for the Computer Field," 14/ mat ion Group Formed by ITT," 14/2 (Feb.), of Checks ," 14/4 (Apr.), 26 12 (Dec.), 7 32 Lochner, Kenneth M., "The Evolving Time "Program Conversion: A Critical Factor in "CSC Acquires Two ITT Subsidiaries ," 14/3 Sharing System at Dartmouth College," 14/9 Computer Replacement ," 14/3 (Mar.), 9 {Mar.). 43 (Sept.), 10 "RCA's Spectra 70 Announcement Spotlights "Iir Paramus Division Awarded Contract," 14/7 Lochner, Kenneth M. Jr. and Thomas E. Kurtz, five Market Strategies of Growing Impor (July), 40 "Supervisory Systems for the Dartmouth Time tance in Computer Field," 14/2 (Feb.), 7 ITT Research Institute, "Computer Co-operative Sharing System," 14/10 (Oct.), 25 "What's That Price Again, Sir?," 14/8 (Aug.), Formed by ITT Research Institute," 14/4 LOCI, "Announce Modificat ion to the LOCI 9 (Apr.), 46 Family," 14/7 (July), 46 Mechanical translation, "Grants Further Co "lIT Research Institute Offers New Series of "LOCI-2," 14/3 (Mar.), 47 operative Research in Mechanical Transla Symbolic Control Seminars," 14/4 (Apr.), 47 Lockheed, "State of California Signs Contract tion," 14/9 (Sept.), 32 Medical diagnos't ic systems, "Remote Computer "ITT Subsidiary Announces U.S. -- Russia Telex with LOCkheed," 14/3 (Mar.), 41 "Logarithmic Computing Instrument ," 14/1 ized Medical Diagnostic Systems," by Lawrence Link," 14/11 (Nov.), 46 (Jan.), 45 Stark, M.D. and James F. Dickson, M.D., 14/7 "Looking 20 Years Ahead: The Computer Dir (July), 18 ectory and Buyers' Guide," by Edmund C. "Meet ing News": 14/3 (Mar.), 52; 14/5 (May), :!.: Japanese H-200, "First Japanese H-2oo In Berkeley, 14/6 (June), 9 64; 14/10 (Oct.), 47 stalled by Tokyo Bank," 14/5 (May), 54 "Low-Price Electronic Account ing System from Meiston, "Tarman Elected President & Director ",lob Corps Contract Awarded SDC," 14/3 (Mar.), NCR," 14/9 (Sept.), 37 of Meiscon," 14/4 (Apr.), 54 ·11 "Lufthansa Installs Computer System to Speed "Memories" (in Annual Pictorial Report), 14/12 "Jobs and Opportunities": 14/2 (Feb.), 39; Reservations," 14/5 (May), 53 (Dec.), 24 14/5 (May), 63 Memor ies -- SEE: "New Product s" "'JOIN' Youngsters Visit Decision Systems," Memories, "New Design for Associative Memo 14/7 (July), 44 M: MAC, "TIP CTechnical Information Program) ries," 14/7 (July), 47 is Added to MAC," 14/7 (July), 43 Memory devices, ''Two New Memory Devices from "MAC Transitape," 14/8 (Aug.), 43 General Electric," 14/7 (July), 47 "Kaman Nuclear Installs Control Data 3400," &: "MAC's 3200 FCI Tape Now Available," 14/11 Memory exerciser, "SSE-llOO Memory Exerciser," 14/4 (Apr.), 45 (Nov.), 52 14/5 (May), 52 "Kassler & Co. Uses H-4oo to Process Loans," Macdonald, Neil, "A Time-Shated Computer Sys Memory modules, "Gul ton Industries Grants 14/2 (Feb.), 31 tem -- the Disadvantages," 14/9 (Sept.), 21 License to RCA to Produce Computer Memory "Kellogg-Citizens National Installs IBM Sys- Machines, "Intelligent Machines and Hazy Modules," 14/4 (Apr.), 45 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 31 Memory systems, "IR\I to Build Two Merrnry Sys Movies," by A. Michael Noll, l4/11 (Nov.), "New Company Formed for Tax Return Processing," tems for AEC," 14/8 (Aug.), 33 20 14/10 (Oct.), 41 .,"Merchandise Management ," 14/5 (May), 63 MSU, "High School Students Offered Special "New Computer Rook and Fil m Guide Available," MESA, "Advanced Vers ion of ATOLL Being De Course by MSU," 14/2 (Feb.), 33 14/8 <'",ug.), 41 veloped by MESA," 14/3 (Mar.), 48 "Muirhead Aids Newspaper Product ion," 14/13 "New Computer to Guide and Control French Sea "Micro Punch 461 -- Portable Key Punch Device," (Aug.), 40 To-Air Missiles," 14/7 (July), 41 14/10 (Oct.), 46 Multi-Methods Corporation, "Brandon Applied "New Computer Real From Data Packaging," 14/4 Microcircui ts, "GI Builds Microcircuit s for Systems, Inc. Acquires Multi-Methods Cor (Apr.), 53 Space Experiments," 14/8 (Aug.), 43 poration," 14/10 (Oct.), 41 "New Contracts": 14/1 (Jan.), 40; 14/2 (Feb.), "Microelectronic Device Replaces 21 Computer 30; 14/3 Mar.>, 40; 14/5 (May), 52; 14/7 Circuits," '14/5 (May), 61 (July), 40; 14/8 (Aug.), 32; 14/9 (Sept.), Microelectronic, "UNIVAC 1924 Mi()roelectronic ~: Nagle, George M., "One Erro!' in Your 32; 14/10 (Oct.), 39; 14/11 (Nov.), 43; Aerosp?ce Computer," 14/3 (Mar.), 47 Program," 14/12 (Dec.), 56 14/12 (Dec.), 44 Microfilm, "Computer to Microfilm at 100 "Name of Orr.nitronics, Inc. is Changed to "~:ew Design for ilssociative Mell¥lries," 14/7 Pages Fer Minute," 14/7 (July), 17 Omni-Dnta," 14/10 (Oct.), 41 (July), 47 Mi cr~film proctuct s, "JIlM Announces Four Micn' "NASA Awards SDS $1.1 Million in .Tune Ol'dprs," "New Examinat ion Announced by Civil Service," film Products," 14/2 (Feb.), 36 14/9 (Sept.), 32 14/2 (Feb.), 39 "Micronetic 404 Computer Tape," 14/11 (Nov.), "NASA Buys ASI 2100 for Hybrid Simulation "Nelli Firm in Computer Leasing Field," 14/11 52 System," 14/7 (July), 41 (Nc;v.) , 45 Microscopic electronic circuits, "Automatic NASA: "CTI Receives Study rontr-flct from NASA," "Nel~ GE··115 Developpd by Olivetti in Italy," Drawing Machine Maps Microscopic Electronic 14/2 (Feb.), 30 14/4 (Apr.), 50 Circuits," 14/3 (Mar.), 50 "Electronics Tech Brief Issued by NASA," "New Horizons in Computomation: Washington, Milgo, "IBM Awards' Milgo Analog Computer Con 14/12 (Dec.), 51 D.C., IIpril 15, 1965," 14/3 (Mar.), 11 tract ," 14/7 (July), 41 "EMR Telemetry to Mor.itor Largest !.bbile "New Installations": 14/1 (Jan.), 42; 14/2 "Military Data Processor by Westinghouse Sur Structure for NASA," 14/2 (Feb.), 30 (Feb.), 31; 14/3 32 CO~VLPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 "The 132 -- Second Electronic Calculator from tists and Engineers," 14/5 (May), 53 Products and Services, "Buyers' Guide for the Friden." 14/8 (Aug.). 42 "Philco 213," 14/1 (Jan.), 46 Computer Field: Products and Services for "lOooth NCR Computer System Installed at Philipson, Herman L. Jr., "Optical Character Sale or Rent," 14/6 (June). 28 Fidelity Mutual Life." 14/1 (Jan.). 42 Recogn it ion and It s Import ance," 14/7 "Profilmatics Inc. Formed as Consulting Firm ','$1.4 Million EDP Order for Honeywell," 14/4 (July), 15 to Process Industries," 14/8 (Aug.), 35 (Apr.). 44 " 'Photo-Draft"' System," 14/2 (Feb.), 37 Professional organizat ions, "The Purposes and On-line computer service. "NCR to Offer 'On Photo Magnetic Systems, "Washington, D.C. Firm the Dues of Professional Organizations," Line' Computer Service for Banks." 14/3 Acquires Photo Magnet ic Systems," 14/2 from Enoch J. Haga, 14/12 (Dec.). 10 (Mar.). 44 (Feb.), 32 Professional standards, "ACM Establishes Pro- On-line systems. "The Economics of On-Line "Ph'ysicists to Use PDP-5 for Cosmic Ray Stu fessional Standards for Membership'," 14/12 Systems: Some Aspects." by Walter F. dies." 14/1 (Jan.), 42 (Dec.>, 48 Bauer, 14/10 (Oct.), 14 Pianaitis, A., "Comments on 'The Social Re "Program Conversion: A Critical Factor in "An Operating System Which Increases Produc sponsibilities of Computer People' ," 14/12 Computer Replacement," by Patrick J. Mc tivity 4cr~," by F. H. Hill. 14/2 (Feb.). 22 (Dec.), 11 Govern, 14/3 (Mar.), 9 Operations, "Intelligent Operations and Their Pictorial report, "Annual Pictorial Report ," Programmatics Inc •• "RCA Awards Contracts to Performance by Computers," by Edmund C. 14/12 (Dec.). 18 Programmatics Inc.," 14/1 (Jan.), 41 Berkeley, 14/11 (Nov.), 7 "Pictures of Mars 'Developed' by Digital "Programmed Instruction Materials for Computer "Optical Character Recognition and Its Im COLlpnter," 14/9 (Sept.). 29 Programming -- A Survey," by Glor ia M•. portance." by Herman L. Philipson, Jr •• "Pipe-Bending -- Input/Output with a Plotter," Silvern, 14/3 (Mar.), 26 14/7 (July), 15 by California Computer Product s, 14/7 Programmer-Employer, "Some Programmer-Employer "Ojlt ica1 Dat a Transmission System," 14/4 (July), 14 Problems: A Report from the Field," by (Apr.), 51 "Planning Research Corp. Enters Numerical Ned Chapin, 14/8 (Aug.), 12 "Opt ica1 Print ing Sales Register," 14/5 (May), Control Field," 14/1 (Jan.), 44 Programmers: "The Future of Programmers," 61 "Planning Research Doubles Profits," 14/1 from Joseph P. Grammer, 14/7 (July), 11 Opt ica1 scanning, "Perspect ives on Opt ica1 (Jan.), 51 "The Future of Programming and Programmers," Scanning," 14/12 (Dec.), 51 Planning Research, "Shareholders of Planning by Dr. John W. Carr, III, 14/1 (Jan.), 15 "Opt ion Plan Announced for Computer Time Research Approve Major Acquisition," 14/9 "The Select ion and Training of Men and Women Buyers," 14/7 (July). 42 (Sept.), 35 Programmers in a Bank," by Edwin C. Wal "Organization News": 14/1 (Jan.). 44; 14/2 Plotter, "Pipe-Bending -- Input/Output with lace, Jr., 14/4 (Apr.), 23 (Feb.), 32; 14/3 (Mar.). 43; 14/4 (Apr.), a Plotter," by California Computer Pro Programming computers, "The Progress in Pro 45; 14/7 (July), 42; 14/8 (Aug.), 35; 14/9 ducts, 14/7 (July), 14 gramming Computers: Some Quest ions of (Sept.), 35; 14/10 (Oct.). 41; 14/11 (Nov.). PMR contract, "Informatics Awarded pMR Con Semantics," by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/8 45; 14/12 (Dec.), 48 tract," 14/9 (Sept.), 33 (Aug.), 7 Organizat ions, "Roster of Organizat ions in the "Plllice Information Network," 14/9 (Sept.), Programming: "Computer Programming: The De Computer Field," 14/6 (June). 12 30 bugging Epoch Opens," by Mark Hl'\lpern, Output, "Input/Output: Its Powers and Poten "'Poor Man's' Time-Sh(lred Computer Input: 14/11 (Nov.). 28 tial -- Some Insights and Comments," 14/7 The Button Te1ephon!'!," by Leon Davidson, "The Future of Programming and Programmers," (Jul Y), 14 14/2 (Feb.), 9 by Dr. John W. Carr, III, 14/1 (Jan.). 15 "Over 800 Areas of Applicat ion of Computers," Population research, "Computer Use in Popula Programming, contract, "The lIazards, of Con 14/6 (June), 83 t ion Research," 14/7. (July), 40 tract Programming," by Dick II. Brandon, 14/7 Overton: Richard K., "Intelligent Machines "Portable Analog Computer for Schools and (July), 31 and Hazy Questions," 14/7 (July), 26 Colleges," 14/5 (May), 57 "Programming Graphic Devices," by Roger L. "Owens-Illinois Saves Nearly $50,000 This "Portion of Statement Before Subcommittee Fulton. 14/11 (Nov.), 17 Year with RCA Compuier...()riented Message Sys No.3 of the"House Judiciary Committee," "Programming Languages for Command' and Con tem," 14/10 (Oct.). 38 from John F. Banzhaf, III, Part I, 14/9 trol." by Theordore Singer, 14/2 (Feb.), (Sept.), 9 26 "Portion of Statement Before Subcommittee Programming languages: "Comparing Programming P: Packer. Rod E., Ph.D., "Computers, Educa No.3 of the House Judiciary Committee Languages," by Jules I. Schwartz, 14/2 t ion, and the Government," 14/3 (Mar.), 14 June 17,1965," from John F. Banzhaf, III, (Feb.), 15 Paper making, "Computer Controlled Paper Mak Part 2. 14/10 (Oct.), 10 "What Choice of Programming Langllages~," by ing," 14/3 (Mar.), 40 "Postgraduate Degree Program in Bio-(;omputer Ned Chapin, 14/2 (Feb.), 12 : Paper t ape reader, "Cook Electric Paper Tape Science," 14/7 (July). 44 Programming Services, Inc., "Annopnce Forma Render," 14/2 (Feb.), 38 "Potter Achieves Record Backlog," 14/12 tion of Programming Services, Inc.," 14/11 Paper t ape readers and spoo1ers, "'Digitronics (Dec.), 53 (Nov.). 45 " Est nhli shes Factory Service Center for Paper Potter: "Duplex RAM R Introduced by Potter," Programs, computer, "Copyrighted Computer Pro Tnpe Readers and Spoo1ers," 14/11 (Nov.), 45 14/5 (May). 58 grams: Some Questions and Answers," by "PAlm (Precision Annotated Retrieval Disp1a~," "Increment al Tape Transport Introduced by John F. Banzhaf, III. 14/7 (July), 22 1·1/2 (Feb.), 36 Potter," 14/1 (Jan.). 49 "The Progress in Programming Computers: Some Parker, Donn B., "Comments on 'The Social "Potter Instrument Has Record Order Level," Quest ions of Semant ics," by Edmund C. Berke lIesponsibilities of Computer People'." 14/1 (Jan.). 51 ley, 14/8 (Aug.), 7 1<1/12 (Dec.), 11 Pratt & Whitney. "IDBIDIC System Delivered to Proof reading, "'Instant Proof-Reading' ," Patent, "Pr int ing Technique by Berry Granted Pratt & Whitney," 14/2 (Feb.), 31 14/8 (Aug.), 31 Pioneer Patent," 14/2 (Feb.), 38 Predictions, "Some Unorthodox Predictions," "Prospects and Probabilities," by Dr. Andrew "PCI'-88 Mu1t ip1e Computer System," 14/11 (Nov.), by Dr. Franz L. A1t, 14/1 (Jan.), 11 D. BOJth. 14/1 (Jan.), 12 <18 Predicts, "NASA Scientists Use Dial-o-Verters Prospect, "Retrospect and Prospect in the 1'01'-5: "Coast Guard Buys PDP-5 for Sea and for 'Predicts'," 14/9 (Sept.), 31 Computer Field," 14/1 (Jan.), 10 Shore Duty," 14/4 (Apr.), 44 Prent ice-Hall, "RCA and Prent ice-Hall Nego Protze1, Harvey W., "Personnel Problems in "Physicists to Use PDP-5 for Cosmic Ray tiate Merger," 14/2 (Feb.), 32 Data Processing Systems: The Approach of Studies," 14/1 (Jan.), 42 "Preprocessor for Converting Decision Table Top Management," 14/8 (Aug.), 16 "Saturn V Test System Uses PDP-5.Computers," Language," 14/10 (Oct.), 45 Protze1, Harvey W., "Personnel Problems in • 14/~ (Apr.), 44 Preston Associates, "Control Data Acquires Data Processing Systems" -- Some Comments, 1'01'-7, "Hospital Will Use PDP-7 for Lab, Preston Associates," 14/8 (Aug.), 35 14/11 (Nov.), 12 Clinical Studies," 14/3 (Mar.), 42 Price, "What's That Price Again, Sir?," by "Provident Savings Installs New Computer," "I'DP-7's Selected for Seismic Study," 14/5 Patri~~ McGovern, 14/8 (Aug.), 9 14/1 (Jan.), 42 (May), 54 Pricing plan. "Honeywell EDP Has New Pricing "Publishing Company Orders RCA Spectra 70/15 "PDI'-8 Typesetting System," 14/8 (Aug.), 39 Plan," 14/12 (Dec.), 53 Computer," 14/8 (Aug.), 35 "Pcup1e of Note": 14/4 (Apr.), 54; 14/8 "The Pricing Policy of IBM for Used Equip Puerto Rico: "Control Data 3200 Installed at (Aug.), 43 ment," from Nicholas H. Dosker. Jr., 14/12 Arecibo, Puerto Rico," i4/9 (Sept.). 34 'People Who Do Not Work Well', Comments on, (Dec.), 10 "New C-E-I-R Venture Set for Puerto Rico," hy Harry R. Hein, 14/2 (Feb.), 26 "Principles of Automatic Data Processing," 14/9 (Sept.), 35 "The Personnel Development Problem -- August 14/12 (Dec.), 51 "Puerto Rican Police to Install Computer," 1965," by Dick H. Brandon, 14/8 (Aug.), 28 Printer acces-sory, "Series 6610 Printer Ac 14/7 (July), 42 "Personnel Evaluation Service," 14/2 (Feb.). cessory," 14/4 (Apr.), 52 Punchcard data processing system, "Model 4020 39 Printer: "Digital Strip Printer," 14/3 (Mar.), Punchcard Data Processing System," 14/9 "Porsonnel Problems in Data Processing Sys- 50 (Sept.), 38 t ems: The Approach of Top Management," by "High Speed Serial Entry Printer," 14/10 Punched card reader, "Drexamat ic Model 2545 Harvey W. Protzel, 14/8 (Aug.). 16 (Oct.), 45 Punched Card Reader," 14/4 (Apr.), 52 "Personnel Problems in Data Processing Sys " 'Miniature' Militarized Printer," 14/2 "The Purposes and the Dues of Professional tems" -- Some Comments, from" Dick H. Brandon, (Feb.),38 Oryanizat ions," from Enoch J. Haga, 14/12 nnd from Harvey W. Protzel, 14/11 (Nov.), 12 "Print ing Technique by Berry Granted Pioneer (Dec.),lO "Porspective Drawing Output," 14/7 (July), 14 Patent," 14/2 (Feb.). 38 "Perspectives on Optical Scanning." 14/12 Probabilities, "Prospects and Probabilities," (Dec.), 51 by Dr. Andrew D. Booth, 14/1 (Jan.), 12 R: "Radar Antenna Precisely Pointed by Com pr~lrr processing, "Automated Methods in PERT "Process Control Simulator Trains Engineers," - puter," 14/2 (Feb.), 27 Processing." by Norman B. Solomon, 14/1 14/5 (May). 58 " RADC, "Auerbach Receives Contract from RADC," (Jan.), 18 Process industries. "Profilmatics Inc. Formed 14/1 (Jan.), 41 "The Pervasiveness of Computers," by Edmund as Consulting Firm to Process Industries," "Radiation Inc. to Develop World-Wide Weather C. Berkeley, 14/4 (Apr.), 8 14/8 (Aug.), 35 Measuring System," 14/3 (Mar.), 41 Peterson, H. Philip, ''The Digital Mona Lisa," "Prodac R 50 and 550 Digital Control Compu Random-access disc file memory systems, "Use 1,1/12 (Dec.),' 13 ter," 14/7 (July), 46 of Magnesium in Random-Access Disc File PharmaCists, "Retail Pharmacists Receiving Productivity. "An Operating System Which In Memory Systems," 14/2 (Feb.), 40 Computerized Assistance," 14/11 (Nov.), 40 creases Productivity 4cr~," by F. II. lIill, "Rapid Access Disc Files Announced by SDC," "Philco 212 System Installed for Ford Scien- 14/2 (Feb.), 22 14/7 (July), 48 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 33 Ray, Elton, "More Conunent s on 'Computers and "Reliability Research Gets Army Contract, Navy "SDS Announces 940 Time Sharing Computer," .i the Public Sector of the Economy'," and Contract," 14/9 (Sept.), 32 14/11 (Nov.), 48 , from Morris C. Matson, and from the Editor, "Remote Computerized Medical Diagnostic Sys ~DS Awarded Contract by AICPA," 14/9 (Sept.), 14/5 ()!ay) , 12 tems," by Lawrence Stark, M.D. and James 32 Raytheon component s, "Datastrobe Introduced F. Dickson, M.D., 14/7 (July), 18 "SDS Awarded $1.3 Million NASA Contract ," by Raytheon Components," 14/5 (May), 61 "Remote On-Line Coniputing Service in Boston 14/5 (May), 52 "RCA Awards Contracts to Programmatics Inc.," Area," 14/10 (Oct.), 42 "SDS, Beckman Hybr id System Ordered for Doubl as 14/1 (J an.), 41 "RENO," 14/3 ()!ar.) , 48 R&D," 14/8 (Aug.), 34 RCA computer-oriented message system, '''Owens "Rensselaer Polytechnic Makes New Computer "SDS Computer Ordered by AEC," 14/5 (May), 54 Illinois Saves Nearly $50,000 This Year with Laboratory," 14/10 (Oct.), 43 "SDS Computers to be Manufactured in England RCA Computer-{)riented Message System," 14/10 "Research Calculations Converts to Honeywell and Fbnce," 14/7 (July), 43 (Oct.), 38 200," 14/5 (May), 55 "SDS Forms Canadian Subsidiary," 14/12 (Dec.), RCA Data Center, "C-E-I-R Buys RCA Data Cen "Research Vessel Sets Sail with Computer as 48 ter," 14/2 (Feb.), 32 Navigator," 14/4 (Apr.), 42 SDS: "A Business Programming Package from SDS," RCA data processing facility, "Nine Computer "Retail Pharmacists Receiving Computerized 14/10 (Oct.l 45 Systems Comprise New RCA Data Processing Assistance," 14/11 34 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Software field, "Executive Predicts $1 Billion Sylvania processor, "Miniaturized Sylvania to TRW Inc.," 14/7 (July), 43 Size for Software Field," 14/2 (Feb.), 41 Proces sor," 14/5 (May), 56 X, "Bunker-Ramo 3C Announce International Soitware suppliers, "Roster of Software Sup" Symbolic control seminars, "lIT Research Computer Agreement," 14/1 (J an.), 44 pliers ," 14/6 (June), 55 Inst itute Offers New Series of Symbolic "X Appoints Vice Pres-{;ontroller," 14/8 Solem, Mrs. Helen, "Educat ion, as Ruthless as Control Seminars ," 14/4 (Apr.), 47 (Aug.), 44 Evolution," 14/10 (Oct.), 10 System/360: "IBM Adds Two Time-Sharing Com "3C Income Drops," 14/8 (Aug.), 45 Sollinger, Robert W. Jr., "Input/Output and puters to System/36"," 14/5 (May), 57 "3C Reports Increased Earnings in 1964," 14/2 System 360," 14/7 (July), 16 "Input/Output and System 360," by Robert (Feb.), 41 Solomon, Norman B., "Automated Methods in W. Sollinger, Jr., 14/7 (July), 16 Three-dimens ional movies, "Computer-{1enerated PERT Processinq," 14/1 (Jan.). 18 "VA Orders System/360," 14/3 (Mar.). 43 Three-Dimensional Movies," by A. Michael "Some Applicat ions of Graphic Dat a Output," by "Victor Manufacturing Installs Two System/ Noll, 14/11 (Nov.), 20 N. Waddington, 14/11 (Nov.), 24 360s," 14/9 (Sept.), 34 3M, "Magnetic Recording Equipment Operations "Some Programmer-Employer Problems: A Report "Wurlitzer Company to Install System/360," Consolidated by 3M," 14/4 (Apr.), 45 from the Field," by Ned Chapin, 14/8 (Aug.), 14/4 (Apr.), 44 "Three New Directors Added to the Board of 12 . System/360 Model 30, "3~ Increase in the Brandon Applied Systems," 14/8 (Aug.), 43 "Some Unorthodox Predict ions," by Dr. Franz Overall Processing Speed of System/360 "Three-Year Warranty by Ampex Corporation," L. Alt, 14/1 (Jan.), 11 Model 30," 14/3 (Mar.), 47 14/7 (July), 43 Sorting, freight car, "WABCO Orders DDP-1l6 "System/360 -- Models 65 and 75," 14/7 (July), Thoughput, by Dick H. Brandon;: "The Battle for Freight Car Sorting," 14/2 (Feb.), 32 46 Lines are Drawn ... ," 14/3' (Mar.), 35 "Sound Management and Effective Use of Com "Computers and Automation in Israel," 14/5 puters in the Federal Government," by Wil (May), 45 liam A. Gill, 14/4. (Apr.), 14 T: "Tabulators, Inc. Installs UNIVAC 1004," "The Hazards of Contract Programming," 14/7 Source record, "A-M Data Collection System - 14/8 (Aug.), 34 (July), 31 . Provides Verified Source Record," 14/8 Tailoring, "Computer Tailoring," 14/11 (Nov.), "Management Education," 14/12 (Dec.), 39 (Aug.), 41 40 "The New Breed of Software," 14/2 (Feb.), 17 So. Calif. Water Co., "RCA 301 Computes Bills Tape-card punch, "TPU-28, Keyboard Tape-{;ard "Novel Variations in Computer Marketing," for So. Calif. Water Co.," 14/9 (Sept.), 34 Punch," 14/3 (Mar.), 50 14/4 (Apr.), 35 "Southwest Food Chain to Install NCR .315," Tape developer, "KYREAD Tape Developer," 14/ "The Personnel Development Problem -- Aug 14/5 (May), 55 , 10 (Oct.), 46 USt 1965", 14/8 (Aug.), 28 "Space Computer Developed by IBM for Moon "The Tape Management Program, First in Series "A Spectrum of the Computer Field," 14/6 ROCket," 14/1 (Jan.), 45 of Five," 14/8 (Aug.), 44 (June), 11 Space ship des igns, "Computer Draws Space Tape system, "Master-Slave Tape System by "Standardizing Computer SelectiQn," 14/10 Ship Designs," 14/2 (Feb.), 27 DATAMEC," 14/8 (Aug.), 42 (Oct.), 32 .' "Special Computer Program Produces Trumpet Tape transport system, "SC-1l50, EDP Tape "A Time-Shared Computer System -- the Dis Sounds," 14/12 (Dec.), 60 Transport System," 14/5 (May), 60 advantages," by Neil Mactlonald, 14/9 Special purpose computers, "Survey of Special Tape reader: "Model B3000 Photo-Electric (Sept.), 21 Purpose Computers," 14/6 (June), 82 - Perforated Tape Reader," 14/4 (Apr.), 52 Time-shared computer, "The Romance of Good "Specification Visibility and Control," 14/1 "Type 422 Militarized Tape Reader," 14/2 Teaching -- and the Time-Shared Computer," (Jan.), 47 (Feb.), 37 by Edmund C. Berkeley, 14/9 (Sept.), 12 Spectra 70, "RCA's Spectra 70 Announcement Tape reading system, "NAVCOR Tape Reading Time-shared systems: "Development of Time Spotlights Five Market Strategies of Growing System," 14/2 (Feb.), 37 Shared Computer Systems: Some Comments," Importance in Computer Field," by Patrick Tape recorders, "Increment al Digi tal Tape by Patrick J. McGovern, 14/4 (Apr,), 8 J. McGovern, 14/2 (Feb.), 7 Recorders," 14/5 (May), 63 "Comments on 'The Small Computer and Time- "Spect ra 70 Series," 14/2 (Feb.), 34 "Tape Reel Storage Cabinet," 14/4 (Apr.), 54 Shared Systems' ," from Harrison R. Morse, "A Spectrum of the Computer Field," by Dick "Tape-Seal Computer Tape Storage System," III, 14/12 (Dec.), 11 II. Urandon, 14/6 (June), 11 14/4 (Apr.), 53 "The 'Small' Computer Versus Time-Shared "Sperry Rand UNIVAC Announces Real-Time Com Tape storage system, "Tape-Seal Computer Tape Systems," by Marvin Emerson, 14/9 (Sept.), puter Series," 14/8 (Aug.), 38 Storage System," 14/4 (Apr.), 53 18 "SSE-llOO Memory Exerciser," 14/5 (May), 62 Tape systems, magnetic, "Miniaturized Digital "Real-Time Computing While Time-Sharing," by "St IIndardizing Computer Selection," by Dick Magnetic Tape Systems," 14/8 (Aug.), 42 Thomas N. Hast ings, 14/10 (Oct.), 28 II, Urllndon, 14/10 (Oct.), 32 Tape transport, "Incremental Tape Transport "The Evolving Time-Sharing System at Dart "Stnndnrd News," 14/12 (Dec.), 51 Introduced by Potter," 14/1 (Jan.), 49 mouth College," by Kenneth M. Lochner, "St lin ford Orders LINC Computer," 14/7 (July), Tape units, magnet ic, "New Magnet ic Tape 14/9 (Sept.), 10 42 Units for NCR 315 Series," 14/5 (May), 61 "Time-Sharing a Computer at a Stock Exchange," Stanford University, "Westinghouse Educational "Tarman Elected President & Director of 14/10 (Oct.), 38 E'luipment Delivered to Stanford University," Meiscon," 14/4 (Apr.), 54 Time-sharing service, "GE Computer Department 1-1/7 (July), 42 Tax return processing, "New Company Formed Now Offering Time-Sharing Service," 14/12 St ark, Lawrence, M.D. and James F. Dickson, for Tax Return Processing," 14/10 (Oct.), (Dec.), 48 M.il., "Remote Computerized Medical Diag 41 "Time Sh!!ring Software Brochure," 14/9 (Sept.), nost ic Systems," 14/7 (July), 18 Tax returns, "1964 Tax Returns Being Pre 41 St nrk, Willi am W., "More Comment s on 'Compu pared by New CSC Computer System," 14/2 "Time-Sharing -- Some Comments," from Gordon ters and the Public Sector of the Economy'," (Feb.), 29 R. 'Carlson, 14/11 (Nov.), 11 1-1/7 (July), 33 "TB and Health Association to Install H-200," "TIP (Technical Information Program) is Added "State of California Signs Contract with Lock 14/7 (July), 41 to MAC," 14/7 (July), 43 heed," 14/3 (Mar.), 41 Teachers, high school, "High School Math Titus, James P.: "Capital Report", 14/10 "Stellarmetrics DDPU-lO," 14/9 (Sept.), 39 Teachers to Attend Summer Institute in Com (Oct.), 33; 14/11 (Nov.), 27; 14/12 (Dec.), "Sterographic Projections by Digital Computer," puter Mathematics," 14/4 (Apr.), 46 40 hy A. Michael Noll, 14/5 (May), 32 Teaching machines, "Towards More Versat ile "The Future of Computers in the Federal St iefel, Rudy C.: "Comments on 'The Social Teaching j'\achines," by Wallace Feurzeig, Government," 14/5 (May), 22 Responsibilities of Computer People' ," 14/3 (Mar.), 22 Tokyo, "First Japanese H-200 Installed by 1-1/12 (Dec.), 11 Teaching, "The Romance of Good Teaching - Tokyo Bank," 14/5 (May), 54 "Small Computers: A Billion Dollar Market and the Time-Shared Computer," by Edmund "Towards More Versat He Teaching Machines," by 1970?," 14/5 (May), 19 C. Berkeley, 14/9 (Sept.), 12 by Wallace Feurzeig, 14/3 (Mar.), 22 Stock exchange, "Time-Sharing a Computer at a "Technical Association Formed for Navigation "TPU-28, Keyboard Tape-{;ard PunCh," 14/3 Stock Exchange," 14/10 (Oct.), 38 System Sales in Canada," 14/1 (Jan.), 44 (Mar.), 50 "The Stopping of Moving of Checks," by W. Technological environment, "Management Prob Trainer, "Motorized Computer Trainer," 14/10 Putnam Livingston, 14/4 (Apr.), 26 lems in a Changing Technological Environ (Oct.), 43 Stornge cabinet, "Tape Reel Storage Cabinet," ment ," by Dr. Lloyd 1'. Smith, 14/4 (Apr.), Training program, "'Hands-On' Training Pro 1-1/4 (Apr.), 54 18 gram," 14/4 (Apr.), 55 Storage device, "IBM 2314 Direct Access "Tech/Ops Awarded Over $2 Million Army Re Training project, "Contract for Training Pro Storage Device," 14/7 (July), 47 search Contract," 14/2 (Feb.), 30 ject in Data ProceSSing," 14/9 (Sept.), 32 Storllge files, "Mass Memory Storage Files Tele-comput ing center, "Applied Logic Tele Training system, "Digital Computer Training Added to Series 200 Line," 14/5 (May), 58 Computing Center," 14/12 (Dec.), 48 System," 14/3 (Mar.), 46 "Student Essay Contest on 'Communicating witlr Telecomput ing, "Benson-Lehner Acquires Tele Transistors, "Computer Tests and Classifies Computers'," 14/10 (Oct.), 42 computing," 14/4 (Apr.), 45 Transistors," 14/11 (Nov.), 42 "SI udent Loan Requests Get 'Fair Hearing' Telemetry system, "First Computer Telemetry Transitape, "MAC Transitape," 14/8 (Aug.), 43 From IBM Computer," 14/12 (Dec.), -41 System Now in Operation in Washington State," "Translator Introduced by Regency Electron "Sun Oil Orders Control Data 6400 System," 14/7 (July), 38 ics," 14/8 (Aug.), 39 1-1/1} (Aug.), 34 Television, computer-fed, "Car-Display, Com Translat ion: "Automat ic Translat ion of Pro "Supervisory Systems for the Dartmouth Time puter-Fed Television," 14/5 (May), 51 grams from One Computer to Another," 14/ Sharing System," by Thomas E. Kurtz and "TESCO Orders Control Data 636 Industrial 10 (Oct.), 44 Kenneth M. Lochner, Jr., 14/10 (Oct.), 25 Control Computer," 14/4 (Apr.), 43 "Monsanto Donates 3700 Translations to SLA Suppliers, software, "Roster of Soft ware "Test ing Blood Under Computer Control," 14/4 Translations Center," 14/11 (Nov.), 46 Suppliers ," 14/6 (June), 55 (Apr.), 41 Transmission, unattended, "High Speed Data Survey: "Moody's Computer Industry Survey," Textile technology, "Institue of Textile Set Modified for Unattended Transmission," 14/9 (Sept.), 41 Technology Expands Computer Facilities," 14/10 (Oct.), 45 "Programmed Instruction Materials for Com 14/1 (Jan.), 42 "Travelers Insurance Receives First Shipment puter Programming -- A Survey," by Gloria "Third National Automation Conference of the of New Computer System," 14/1 (Jan.), 42 M. Silvern, 14/3 (Mar.), 26 A.B.A. ," 14/3 (Mar.), 52 Trumpet sounds, "Special Computer 'Program "Survey of Special Purpose Computers," 14/6 "3~ Increase in the Overall Processing Speed Produces Trumpet Soundsi" 14/12 (Dec.l, 50 (June), 82 of System/360 Model 30," 14/3 (Mar.), 47 TRW Inc., "Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc. Chan "Surveying Computer," 14/1 (Jan.), 46 "Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc. Changes Name ges Name to TRW Inc.," 14/7 (July), 43 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 35 Tulane University, "Largest Non-Government UNIVAC 1108, "Manned Spacecraft Center to In "Victor Manufacturing Installs Two System/ Computer System in La. at Tulane University," stall UNIVAC 1108," 14/3 36 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 c&a CAPITAL REPORT A Speciai Report from C&A/s Washington Correspondent A world-wide, computer~based communication system, An experimental computer model built for the Air Force operating within the United Nations, has been recommended has clearly established the feasibility of using conventional as a vehicle for distributing information. for peaceful pur English to communicate with a computer, according to Gen poses throughout the world. The recommendation was made eral Electric, which described/the system in a recent report. Noverpber 30 by the White House-appointed Citizens' Com Although the model has not been perfected, GE said it points munications Committee, headed by Harold S. Geneen, the way to,,,'ard the design of a prototype computer that chairman and president of International Telephone & Tele will work. graph Corporation. The computer model is called Deacon (Direct English According to Geneen, the means for setting up the system Access and Control), and uses counterparts to conventional exist, and large capital investments would not be required. English to interpret sentences fed to it. With a limited As a new, U. N. agency - called the Voice of Peace - the vocabulary, GE said, the computer will .make decisions system would be a central· point of information, query, stor~ about the spatial relationships of the· words in a sentence age and reference for participating nations on such vital and about the meaning· of the words and the semantic im subjects as medicine, agriculture, meteorology and education. plications of the structure in which they are found. Simple message forms would be designed and used for GE 'said Deacon's grammar still needs work and the input/ inquiries to and from the Voice of Peace, and simple means output leaves something to be desired, but, it said, the model of addressing and routing them can be devised. In addition has shown "beyond any doubt that the basic techniques are to existing communications networks that operate with tele adequate for the development of· a system which will allow phO/lI', data sets, and teletypewriters, the radio and televi~ direct access and control of digital computers through the siol1 systems throughouttheworId could serve to disseminate use of largely unconstrained English." ("ullmal and educational knowledge. The Commerce Clearinghouse, Springfield, Va., has two As part of our contribution to such a system, Geneen sug:' reports that describe the Deacon system: No; AD 612 165, gested that the United States create schools to train com "Deacon Breadboard Processing," price $3.00; and AD 612 puter operators, programmers and other essential personnel 171, "Deacon Breadboard Grammar," price $5.00. in liSt' of input and output devices for the system. Our Peace Corps could provide volunteers for training these people, he sugg(·stt~d. They would work on a rotating basis with a small cadre of permanent employees. In an anti-trust suit that began three years ago, IBM Corp. was declared not guilty of monopolizing the tabulating card business by a November decision of a Federal Court in Chicago. The Patent Office,' in the Department of Commerce, hopes The $21,000,000 suit was brought against IBM by J. J. to award a contract this Spring to a firm that will build it Hackett & Co., of Chicago, which said IBM refused to sell a large system to store, retrieve, duplicate, and display the rotary card presses. to other. manufacturers; discriminated in entire patent file, which currently contains more than 3,- prices and services to purchasers of its cards; and. sells or 000,000 documents. Proposals were due in Commerce by leases computers at .a discount on the condition that the January 4. user does not buy tab cards from anyone 1mt IBM. Research into such a system has been going on at the In its defense, IBM denied a.11 of the charges and said its Patent Office for several years. The need is apparent from ~ price differentials reflected differences .in the cost of manu;.· few statistics: the Office presently disseminates over 27,000 facture, sale or delivery that resulted from· different methods mpics of patents daily; this service totals more than 160, or quantities involved. It said its lower prices were made (JO() pages of information. in good faith to meet competition. The system the Patent Office would like would combine microform storage with on-demand retrieval. Hard-copy printers would produce the requested copies from the re~ l.ri(~ved microform. A major part of the contract effort would h(~ concerned with conversion of the current patents t() micro form and reorganization of the .. material into specified se quences to permit the generation of microforms. JAMES TITUS COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January. 1966 37 If you're renting more computer than you need, it's like burning money. NCR's new 500 Series costs less tem rents for $765 a month. A card And it's more flexible. Only the "500" than other low-cost computer sys system for $1195. in the low-price field offers you tems. Its unique building-block de In addition to being lower priced, your choice of all the computer lan sign enables you to start small a "500" is faster, too. As a total sys guages - punched card and tape, then grow as your needs expand. tem, from preparation of input data magnetic ledger, optical print tape. You never pay for more than you through final reports for manage We could go on and on like this need or more than you can use. ment, nothing in its price range can about the new "500" Series. A call A basic NCR magnetic ledger sys- touch it for speed of processing. to your local NCR office and we will. THE NATIONAL CASH REGISTER co. DAYTON,OHI045409 Designate No. 7 on Readers Service Card 38 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 "ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK" Computing and Data Processing Newsletter TABLE OF CONTENTS Applications • .39 Computing Centers. .44 New Contracts .42 New Products • .45 New Installations. .42 Business News .52 Organization News .44 Computer Census • .54 APPLICATIONS SURGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM information, in turn, is scanned operating room wall then displays by a closed-circuit TV camera and the ECGs, for example, or readings An electronic surgical moni displayed on the operating room on such indicators as blood pres toring system which visually alerts screen. Doctors in surgery are sure and respiration. physicians to sudden physiological changes in a patient's condition A second TV screen mounted out during neurosurgery, while storing side the operating room also permits this information for later computer interested medical personnel to ob analysis, has been developed by the serve events during surgery. Mayo Clinic and IBM Corporation. Dr. John D. Michenfelder, of the The new system has been oper Anesthesiology Department and Dr. ating at St. Mary's Hospital SInce Colin S. MacCarty, head of the De last May and has been used during partment of Neurosurgery at the surgery on more than 250 neuro Mayo Clinic, said the system has surgical patients. A second neuro been a key factor in helping sur surgery operating room at St. Mary's gical teams keep patients alive was expected to be hooked to the during critical neurosurgery pro system by the end of 1965, and all cedures by providing more complete four of the hospital's neurosurgic and accurate information than was al operating rooms are expected to previously possible. be added to the network eventually. The unique system instantly senses key physiological changes, -- This photograph shows such as heart rate and respiration, how system would display ELECTRONIC NETWORK PROCESSES and displays them on a television information during actual CHRYSLER WARRANTY PROGRAM screen. The system's ability to operation at St. Mary's simplify physiological measuring Hospital in Rochester, An RCA 3301 computer system is enables surgical teams to respond Minn. the heart of a new electronic net instantly to any emergency situa work placed in operation by Chrys tions which might occur during able to determine in a brief glance ler Corporation to provide its surgery. Dr. Michenfelder said the at the l4-inch screen the status of dealers and customers with instan system at St. Mary's Hospital in such life-sustaining indicators as taneous information on any car or Rochester, Minn., is believed to be heart and respiratory rate, arter truck covered under the company's the first in the nation to be ial pressure and body temperature. five-year or 50,OOO-mile warranty manned solely by medical person program. Pertinent data on vehicles nel from within the operating room. Automatic readings of electro is received within two seconds on cardiograms (ECGs) and electroen visual data display devices in the According to Ferd Anderholm, cephalograms, or brain waves, individual offices, something that manager of the IBM engineering ef (EEGs) are also supplied by the previously took several days. fort, the system continuously re system on a five-inch satellite cords information during surgery oscilloscope screen located only In addition to the RCA 3301, using a typewriter, punched paper a few feet from ~he patient. the computer-complex also includes tape, magnetic tape and an optical an RCA 3488 random access mass mem oscillograph. A control unit allows the ory device capable of storing 680 system to be regulated from within million data characters, magnetic During surgery, electrical the operating room while surgery tape stations for long-range in signalS are transmitted from phys is in progress. The anesthesiolo formation storage, and punched iological detectors. These signals gist can select the particular card equipment. then are converted into digital in combination of physiological meas formation, stored in a central pro urements most important to him at Vital statistics on three mil cessing unit and printed out on a the moment by flicking a switch. lion Chrysler cars and trucks were special typewriter terminal. The The video monitor mounted on the fed into the computer system ini- COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 39 Newsletter tially -- data involving both the Foundation and conducted under the mile highway and adjacent streets normal l2-month-12,000 mile war direction of Professor Yen Te Cho~ leading into the downtown section ranty, and the 5-year-50,000 mile internationally noted authority on of the city. extended power train warranty. The hydrology, fluid mechanics and master file includes the latest water resources. The new computerized traffic mileage, dollars spent on warranty system is the result of a coopera claims, vehicle manufacturing date, A major portion of the ftrain tive study being conducted by en serial number of the car or truck, makerft has been built by Electron gineers from the City of San Jose the body type and a list of acces ic Associates, Inc., West Long and IBM Corporation. sories. Branch, N.J., utilizing the PDS 1020 computer to provide computer An IBM 1710 Control System To comply with the warranty ized contro 1. receives information from 400 sens agreement, the vehicle owner ob ing devices buried beneath the pave serves a few simple maintenance In operation, the University ment at the intersections involved routines -- an oil change at least of Illinois rainfall simulator in the study. As cars pass over every three months or 4,000 miles, will ftcreateft storms of varying these sensors a magnetic field is new oil filter every second oil intensity over the 1600 square feet interrupted and a pulse is sent to change, air filter cleaning every of changeable terrain. Rainfall the computer. six months and replacement every intensity can be controlled over two years. The extended warranty several specific points of the In this wa~ the computer is can be transferred through notifi terrain simultaneously, made to constantly aware of the number of cation to Chrysler if a car or sweep across the entire area, or vehicles, their speed, which lane truck is sold before the coverage simulate any storm pattern move they are in, the number and dura period expires. ment. tion of stops, and the number of vehicles that pass a given inter The dealer can telephone or Water runoff from the model section during each cycle. send a teletypewriter message to basin will be continuously moni the nearest Chrysler regional of tored and processed within the PDS Here is how the computer works. fice and ask for all available in 1020 to provide an overall record It receives enormous 'amounts of in formation on a car he is consider of runoff vs. time for an infinite formation about the flow of traffic ing as a trade-in. Using an RCA variety of basic terrain configur from all sensors simultaneously; visual data display device, the ations and storm profiles. within seconds it consults the many regional office can transmit by possibilities in its memory about means of an electric typewriter Four hundred raindrop produc how to reduce delay time and de unit, the request for facts and ers, each ftrainingft over an area cides on a logical course of ac figures to the Chrysler home of of four square feet, will contain tion; it executes control by alter fice. In a moment the ftcase his capillary tubes which produce ing traffic signal timing cycles; toryft of the car in question will changeable rainfall intensity - it receives more information from be flashed on the TV screen in the but under the operator's control. traffic sensors to verify whether regional office. Each of 100 digitally-controlled the action was succe~sful before valves will control four raindrop starting another cycle. The dealer thus knows quickly producers, achieving intensity whether the owner has observed the equivalents ranging from zero to warranty regulations and by the 13 inches ~f rain per hour. same token whether the automobile has been cared for properly. For Rainstorms to suit the needs the car owner, this can mean a fa of the researcher will be pre .. pro vorable resale or trade-in price. grammed and stored in the PDS 1020. A paper tape will be prepared as a The system, which connects the permanent record to repeat iden remote TV monitors to the Detroit tical storms. The 1020 will read based computer via telephone lines, this pre-programmed tape into the currently is operating between De system for continuous control of troit, Cleveland and Chicago. The the rainfall. The computer also network eventually will link re will continuously process informa gional sales offices in 23 cities tion on water inflow and water across the nation. depth in the outflow tank, and -- Computer engineers print out a complete record ,of Merle Mason, left, and runoff vs. time. Dennis Baughman, discuss methods of improving RAINFALL SIMULATING SYSTEM traffic flow in San Jose, Calif., with a new com To carry out a scientific re COMPUTER-CONTROLLED puterized control system. search study of water runoff and TRAFFIC SYSTEM The board in background its control over watersheds, the represents the streets University of Illinois is install Drivers in San Jose, Calif., involved in the joint ing a rainfall simulating system are spending less time behind the study. -- complete with 1600 square feet wheel since a new computer-con of terrain which can be changed to trolled traffic system went into Gene Mahoney, San Jose assist reproduce virtually any geophysical operation. The first phase of the ant traffic engineer, says, ftBy area. new experimental system is now op using a computer, all data can be erational and is automatically immediately collected and analyzed The ft rainfal1ft project is controlling traffic signals at 32 in one central location. We can sponsored by the National Science intersections along a major three- produce more information in a 40 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Newsletter matter of seconds about the flow, a precise system has given us ANNOUNCE RESULTS OF speed and other elements of traf greater confidence in our ability "OPERATION CORRAL" fic than a crew of trained observ to meet emergencies and all but ers could produce in hundreds of eliminates harrowing high speed The Police Department, City of hours." journeys by law officers to rush New York, has announced the results blood to persons in emergency of "Operation Corral", a fi ve-month The study, now in its second cases. Hospital inventories have experiment in the use of a real time year, has provided volumes of in been lowered, errors reduced and computer in the identification and formation about how traffic . pat panic-type procurement eliminated." arrest of automobile and license terns react under control of a plate thieves and scofflaws. computer. San Jose city engineer, Every day the Blood Bank polls A. R. Turturici, said preliminary each of its 29 hospitals for the Assistant Chief Inspector results show a significant improve changes in status for the blood on George P. McManus, Chief of Plan ment in the methods of handling the hand. Hospitals report, by ident ning, said, "In 158 days of the ex flow of 35,000 cars that use the ification number, bloods placed on periment, working eight hours a day, highway daily. The next phase of cross-match (that is: assigned 'Operation Corral' checked on the study calls for the more com to a patient), bloods released 183,950 cars. Of these, 2,982 were plicated task of controlling 28 from cross-match, or bloods trans found to be wanted either on alarms ,j \! traffic signals located in a 35 fused. This, plus the information for stolen cars or plates, or on , '~ square block area in downtown San obtained from the laboratory log warrants as scofflaws. 165 indi \. I Jose. book of bloods delivered to the viduals were arrested, 102 on alarms box ready for shipment to hospi and 63 as scofflaws. In addition, tals, and the movement of blood as 68 'hits' were made on the license taken from the shipping tickets, plate numbers of scofflaws with New COMPUTER-CONTROLLED is punched onto a paper tape which Jersey registrations and 93 persons BLOOD BANK is then transmitted by dataphone wanted here on revocation or sus to the Lockheed computer. pension of license orders. The blood bank of the Alameda Contra Costa County Medical Asso Input is processed during the "One of the major objectives ciation, Oakland, Calif., makes night and reports go back to the of 'Operation Corral' was to devel use of the Lockheed Missiles & bank at 6 a.m. the next morning. op not only an instantaneous and Space Company's computer facility The paper tape received by the bank multiple query and response identi to control the bank's inventory of is run through a Flexowriter and fication of stolen vehicles but blood. The system, first of its all printed reports are on the desk also to induce the public to comply kind in the United States, had a of the blood bank management by voluntarily with the traffic laws year's test run which indicated a 8 a.m. and the regulations of the Motor saving in blood, time and money. Vehicle Department. In this re A contract has been signed by Lock One report covers an audit of gard, the record of fines paid and heed Missiles & Space Company and expiration dates. Another is a voluntary surrenders on Traffic the Alameda-Contra Costa County daily inventory of every unit of Court warrants are being examined Medical Association for computer blood at every hospital showing as are the volume of surrenders of ized systems control of the two the remaining time before expira suspensions and revocations received county blood bank. tion, whether or not it is on from the New York State Department cross-match and the blood identi of Motor Vehicles." Under the Lockheed-designed fication number, the blood group system, 29 hospitals with 4600 and type, and the hospital at The experiment utilized a Uni beds report daily their usage and which it is located. vac real time computer which was needs for blood. The Alameda based at the United States Building Contra Costa bank handles and An II-day report shows what at the World's Fair. stores 34,000 pints of blood a bloods have passed the 10th day, year. A computer organizes the enabling the bank to remove them A total of six members of the information into daily reports from small outlying hospitals and force handled the operation. This showing where the blood is, where bring them to the metropolitan team consisted of two radio car it is needed and which blood may centers where they are more likely patrolmen acting as an observation be approaching discard because of to be used before expiration. team, two radio car patrolmen act prolonged shelf life, and other ing as the apprehending team, and pertinent information. Every Monday morning a report two acting as teletype operators shows weekly averages of blood feeding information into the com Dr. Carl Goetsch, president transfused by blood group and lo puter regarding stolen cars and of the medical association, said cation over the last three months. plates, scofflaws and revocation the system during the first year's With this, it is possible to an and suspension orders. trial paid for itself in savings ticipate and solve stocking prob of blood. The current outdating lems a~ hospitals. As automobiles passed a fixed rate for blood at the bank is 6%, point, usually upon a highway, which is one-half of the average A monthly report gives a com bridge or tunnel, the observation for the last several years and plete survey of the preceding per team radioed license plate numbers one of the lowest in the country. iod for the start of the new month to the team of two officers at the National average for all blood and for decisions by the manage teletype machine. The patrolmen banks is estimated at between 15% ment. receiving the information tele and 18% typed the numbers into the com The control system has re puter, which provided an answer "In addition," Dr. Goetsch ceived widespread attentioni:rom within seconds. declared, "the knowledge-that all other cities and other groups con of our blood users are linked into cerned with supplying blood to If a "hit" was made, this in hospitals. formation was radioed to the appre- COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 41 Newsletter hending team which. stopped traffic, would be feasible to check two and possession of policy slips, grand thus blocking the escape of the a half times the number of regis larceny, robbery and forgery. wanted car. The apprehending pa tered vehicles in the city in one trolmen then circulated through year. "These results indicate an im the stopped cars until the wanted portant use of the computer as a car and driver was located. This During the experiment, 31 of modern-age tool for police," Chief method avoided the chase and cut the 102 arrested had criminal rec McManus said. "The computer has a ting off of the wanted car. ords, and several of the apprehen broad and valuable application in sions resulted in investigations many areas of law enforcement and Ch!eK. McManus pointed out leading to additional charges in crime prevention. In this experi that it is technically possible to this and other jurisdictions, and ment it has supplied an important eliminate the teletype personnel, additional arrests. 102 of the means of obtaining information for by having the inquiry made directly arrests resulted in 212 additional more efficient law enforcement. from the police radio car to the charges. Eighty-three per cent of The results of 'Operation Corral' computer via radio teletype. He the cases concluded have resulted are now being studied, and upon also noted that should three teams in convictions. Among the addi completion, further recommendations of two radio cars each be placed tional charges placed were such will be made." on the streets of the city, it crimes as possession of narcotics, NEW CONTRACTS National Aeronautics and Telecomputing Services, Inc., Providing on-site data reduction and $4.4 million Space Administration subsidiary of Whittakp.r Corp., computing services at Goddard Space Los Angeles, Calif. Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., under a two-year Cost-Plus-Award-Fee contract State of New Jersey MAl Equipment Corporation, A data-processing equipment rental New York, N.Y. plan covering more than 200 IBM punched card machines located at 30 different state installations throughout New Jersey Grumman Aircraft Engineer Autonetics, a division of Building 20 electronic checkout systems $4.3 million ing Corp. North American Aviation, for Navy E2A Hawkeye early warning air Inc •• Anaheim. Calif. craft Redifon Ltd., Crawley, Ferranti-Packard Electric Two Ferranti Argus 300 digital computers England Ltd., Toronto, Ontario, to be used as the control processors in Canada a VC.IO simulator for the Ministry of Aviation and a DC.9 simulator for Air Canada Department of Health, Educa Stromberg-Carlson Corpora Equipment and services for the Social tion and Welfare tion, Data Products Divi Security Administration's headquarters sion, San Diego, Calif. in Baltimore, Md. One contract is for an ultra-high speed computer document recorder; a second contract is for a standard S-C 4400 Department of Justice, Civil System Development Corp., The design of a computer-based manage $58,000 Division, Customs Section Santa Monica, Calif. ment information and retrieval system which will include analysis and organ ization of data on pending cases, statutes. pertinent court decisions Comite d'Organization des IBM France, a subsidiary of Processing and distributing the results Dixiemes Jeux Olympiques IBM World Trade Corporation of the 1968 Olympic Winter Games at d'Hiver, Olympic Organizing Grenoble, France Committee NEW INSTALLATIONS United Air Lines, RCA integrated high-speed Processing flight information cov Radio Corporation of Three-year Chicago, Ill. message switching system ering 1540 flights/day, inVOlving America, New York, lease - including two Model 4103 more than 230 aircraft operating N.Y. $1.8 million computer processors with in 116 cities over 18,000-mile dual operation and 24,000 route structure; processing up to word core storage. Total 200,000 messages a day, operating value of system estimated over 300,000 miles of telephone at $4 mi 11 ion and telegraph lines Max Planck Institute 2 PDP-8 computers Controlling systems analyzing data Digital Equipment GmbH for Physics and Astro in high energy physics research of Munich and Cologne physics, Munich, Germany 42 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Newsletter Chicago Transit Author- GE-415 computer Revenue accounting, maintenance General Electric Co. Over ity, Chicago, Ill. scheduling, inventory and stores $500,000 control, responsibility reporting, payroll and other administrative operations USAF Weapons Labora Control Data 6600 system Simulating and evaluating nuclear Control Data Corp. Monthly tory, Kirtland, N.M. (value over $6 million) explosions rental, $118.428 TRW Replacement Divi 2 IBM System/360's, a Tighter inventory control at the IBM Corporation sion, Independence, O. Model 30 and a Model 40 central warehouse and more effi cient replenishment of stock at the 40 branch distribution ware houses it serves Reed Roller Bit Com SOS 920 computer Performance of two totally differ Scientific Data Sys pany, Houston, Texas ent types of jobs simultaneously tems, Santa Monica, -- (1) monitor and control a melt ing process that produces tungsten carbide; (2) research studies aimed at improving the lifespan of oil field bits Lincoln Laboratory, IBM System/360 Model 65 Completing phase two of a three IBM Corporation Massachusetts Insti step program to establish an ad tute of Technology, vanced time-sharing computer Lexington. Mass. system Defense Contract Ad Five H-200 computer Handling data processing activities Honeywell EDP, Wel Leased at ministration Services systems (value over involving more than 50% of the ap lesley Hills, Mass. approximately (OCAS); Boston, Chi $'725.000) proximately 220,000 Department of $3100-a-month cago, Los Angeles, New Defense contracts currently in each York and Philadelphia effect with private industry Federal Pacific Elec IBM 1440 Use with another IBM 1440 as hub IBM Corporation tric Company, Newark, of nationwide communications sys N.J. tem for the firm. System will include 17 IBM 1050 data commun ications systems Bankers Life Nebraska, RCA 301 computer system Total management information Radio Corporation of Lincoln. Neb. system America French Atomic Energy EAI 8800 Scientific Reactor simulation and training Electronic Associates $250,000 Commission, Paris, Computing System Inc., West Long Branch, France New Jersey American Radiator & NCR 315 system Order billing and payroll, ac National Cash Register Standard Sanitary counts payable, inventory con Company, Dayton, Ohio Corp., Canadian Div. trol, general ledger and ex pense accounting Fi she r-Stevens, Inc., IBM System/360 system Expansion of services to clients IBM Corporation CIi fton. N.J. Columbia Gas System PDS 1020 digital computer Conducting complex engineering Pacific Data Systems, Service Corp., a sub economic studies and reduction Inc., a subsidiary of sidiary of Columbia Gas of problem-sol ving time from Electronic Associates, Systl!ms. New York City one day to 15 minutes Inc •• Santa Ana. Calif. Central Maine Power H-400 computer system Use initially to keep basic rec Honeywell EDP, Wel Company, Augusta, Me. ords and prepara bills for com lesley Hills, Mass. pany's 275,000 customers; also payroll, inventory control, trans portation data, general account ing, etc. One of primary tasks will be to determine future re quirements for electrical power NASA Manned Spacecraft DATA 620 system Shipboard duty Data Machines, Inc., Center. Houston. Texas Newport Beach. Calif. Institute for High PDP- 7 compu ter Use in one of its film analysis Digital Equipment GmbH Energy Physics, Uni systems of Munich and Cologne versity of Heidelberg Consumers Power Com Spectra 70/15 computer Fast processing of billing and Radio Corporation of pany, Jackson, Mich. system including Video invoicing information America, New York, N.Y. scan III Texas Instruments Inc., IBM System/360 Model 50 Hub of a total management in IBM Corporation, Dallas, Texas and a Model 65 formation system encompassing Los Angeles, Calif. all of TI's operations. Eleven IBM System/360s will be used in the system when completed in 1968 [)PA, Inc., Dallas, Programmable Arithmetic Full range of arithmetic and datw Wyle Laboratories, Over Texas Processor handling operations El Segundo. Calif. $500.000 Employment Security RCA Spectra 70/25 data Data Processing in the areas of Radio Corporation of Commission, Augusta, processing system benefit payments, economic anal America, New York, N.Y. Maine ysis and research and contribu tion reporting AGB Research Ltd., H-200 computer Analyzing the reactions of up to Honeywell Controls, England 50,000 consumers to a wide variety Ltd., Newhouse, of television commercials and com Scotland modities David Taylor Model SDS 930 computer Naval air weapons tests; in the Scientific Data Sys Basin, Washington, D.C. future, to control wind tunnel tems, Santa Monica, experiments in real time Calif. Jamaica Savings Bank, NCR 315 system Handling deposit and mortgage National Cash Register .1amaica. N.Y. accounts Company. Dayton. Ohio Minnesota Mutual Life IBM System/360 Updating all policy records on a IBM Corporation Insurance Co., St. daily basis Paul, Minn. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Newsletter CONTROL DATA ACQUIRES DECISION SYSTEMS, INC. ORGANIZATION NEWS W AL TEK LIMITED ACQUIIUS COMPUTER SERVICE BUREAU ACTIVITY William C. Norris, president of Control Data Corporation, and The electronic data-prQcessing DIGITRONICS TO DISTRIBUTE Kenneth D. Wallis, managing direc~ service bureau activities of Rapid N. V. PHILIPS DATA PRODUCTS tor of Waltek Limited, have joint Computing Corp. has been acquired IN THE UNITED STATES ly announced the acquisition of by Decision Systems, Inc., Teaneck, Waltek Limited by Control Data Cor N.J. firm of computer consultants Pieter van den Berg, President poration. The acquisition involved and programmers. Rapid Computing, of North American Philips Company, an exchange of an undisclosed which is engaged in the temporary Inc., and Richard W. Sonnenfeldt, amount'of Control Data common stock help business, will continue this Pres ident of Digitronics Corpora for ari ~he outstanding capital activity. tion, have jointly announced the stock of Waltek. conclusion of arrangements for The announcement by Thomas A. Digitronics to distribute in the Waltek is an electronics firm Wood, O5I's president, did not dis United States and its possessions, engaged in the assembly of elec close terms of the transaction. certain data handling equipment tronic and electromechanical com Mr. Wood said the acquired service manufactured by N. V. Philips Tele ponents, with primary skills and bureau accounts would be combined communicatie Industrie of Hilver experience in the assembly of fer with DSI's service bureau subsidi sum, The Netherlands. These prod rite cores for computer memories. ary, Decision Services, Inc., of ucts were previously distributed The firm is located in Hong Kong. New York. The subsidiary serves a by North American Philips. variety of industrial and commer~ Norris said that the Waltek cial clients and school districts. Products to be distributed by operation will initially produce Digitronics include: Teletype core memories for Control Data's writer and Data Switching Systems 6000 series computers. of both the ES and DS types, the first utilizing wired logic tech COMPUTING CENTERS niques and the latter utilizing stored program techniques; Error ADAGE SIGNS Correction and Detection ,Equipment; OEM AGREEMENT I WITH EAI Incremental Magnetic Tape Storage STATE·WIDE COMPUTER NETWORK Equipment; Modems for transmission Adage, Inc., manufacturer of TO BE ESTABLISHED BY of digital data over wire lines, SAVINGS AND LOAN BANK and other new products as they are analog-digital conversion systems, developed. has signed an agreement to supply A state-wide communications linkage systems and associated system, designed to handle data pro conversion equipment to Electronic cessing for as many as 225 savings Associates, Inc., West Long Branch, and loan associations is being es BRITlSH·AMERICAN TEAM FORMS' N.J., a~cording to I. R. Schwartz, tablished by the Savings ,and Loan NEW CONSULTING FIRM Adage Vice President. Bank of the State of New York. S & L Bank acts as a central re A new consulting firm, Bran Adage links will provide the serve and seryice bank for New don Computer Services Limited, has interface between the analog and York's state'cn&%tered savings and been formed in a joint venture by digital processors in hybrid com loan associations. Operation of the American data processing con puter systems built by EAI. the system is expected to begin in SUlting firm, Brandon Applied Sys July at a central computing facil tems, Inc., and a British market ity currently under construction research and training organization, in Fishkill, N.Y. Business Intelligence Services HONEY\VELL OPENS EDP CENTER Limited. The new firm is located IN BELGIUM MARKET Those elidible to use the fa in London S.E.l and specializes in cility will be 140 state savings Honeywell Inc. has opened a technical data processing consult a~d loan associations and, because ing. computer service center in Brus of the Housing Act.of 1964, 85 fed sels, Belgium, to serve the com eral associations. 'Thirty savings Brandon Computer Services Lim pany's marketing efforts in that and loan members have made commit ited will provide the following country. ments to participate, according to specialized services to organiza Otto J. Rabstejnek, president of tions using or considering the use The service center, equipped S & L Bank. "We expect :this num of data processing equipment, and wi th a Series 200 computer, is the ber to reach 100 shortly after the to equipment manufacture~s: plan seventh of its type established by installation of the IBM computers," ning, feasibility study, develop Honeywell in Europe in the past 18 he added. "In any event, the sys ment of standards, technical writ months, according to Robert W. tem will be the largest of its ing, training, installation audit, Blucke, director of international kind in the country." personnel selection and evaluation operations'for Honeywell's elec and systems design and programming. tronic data processing division, Mr. Rabstejnek also explained Wellesley Hills, Mass •. The new that New Y~rk State is the only Directors of the new firm are: service center will provide cus~ state which allows savings and loan D. H. Brandon, G. S. Lowry, G. H. tomer support, marketing demonstra associations to have their own com Copeman, B. G. Allison, and W. tions and educational facilities. mercial bank. However, he believes Bonser. The staff of the new firm that the success of the bank's serv will be drawn from its American ice faci,li ty .. n~y encourage other parent and from qualified British profes sionals • 44 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Newsletter states to follow the example set tific, engineering and "one-shot" by New York. business problems -- those, unlike NEW PRODUCTS batch-processing problems such as Initially two IBM System/360 payrolls, which do not require re Model 30's with five disk storage peated processing. devices will be linked by telephone lines to 100 transmission terminals The flexibility of time-shar ing has attracted users from many -Digital at member locations. Additional terminals will be installed as par diverse fields. Present users in ticipation by members increases. clude aerospace firms, banks, chem - Each member will be able to use ical companies, government agen the computers as if they were actu cies, universities, ~usiness con GE·645 COMPUTER SYSTEM ally on his premises. Because of sultants, manufacturing companies, this direct computer link, each service organizations and many General Electric Company has member will operate on-line in other firms with completely dif announced its largest and latest real-time. ferent problem-solving needs. computer system -- the GE-645, de signed specifically for large-scale, By far the biggest use of the time-sharing operations. • computers will be for on-line sav ings accounting. Once participa A a press conference in New tion totals 100 members, there will York, Harrison Van Aken, general be over 2 million customer accounts manager of G.E.' s Computer Depart stored on disk files in the Fish ment, stated that the prime value kill computer. Each of these rec of the GE-645 lies in its ability ords will be directly accessible to provide vast computer power in at the members' locations through many forms to hundreds of people the IBM 1062 terminals. simultaneously at reasonable cost. In some applications of the GE-645, The computing facility also as many as 300 individual people will be used to handle mortgage may use the computer at the same accounting, Christmas Club accounts, time. More than 1000 terminals may money order reconciliation, general -- John Nostrand, a phys be plugged into such a system. ledger and other jobs. icist at Union Carbide's Nuclear Research Center The computer can respond in a in Sterling Forest, N.Y., variety of ways to its users ac places a "call" to a cording to their needs. It will QUIKTRAN DATACENTER computer at IBM's New answer in "real-time" or in milli York time-sharing Data seconds. It will answer "conversa A single time-shared computer center. The typewriter tionally" to question and answer in Manhattan now is solving complex like terminal transmits problem-solving jobs in seconds. problems for 49 different users data to an~ from an IBM And it will answer in the more tra throughout the eastern and mid 7044 computer. The com ditional computer fashion by run western U.S. -- and one in Switzer puter, programmed with ning a complete program or process land. The computer, an IBM 7044, the formula written on ing tedious jobs in "batches" last is the center of a user-controlled the blackboard, provides ing minutes or hours. Thus, one time-sharing system that has been answers in seconds. computer system can plot a missile in operation in the Time-Life trajectory in "real-time", solve a Building (New York) since the sum The Swiss user, IBM's Zurich step-by-step engineering problem mer. Another 7044 at IBM's Los laboratory, demonstrates the range "conversation~lly", and run off a Angeles Datacenter provides time and scope of the system by solving payroll accou'nting job all during sharing to 30 users on the West a variety of typical scientific, the same peri~d of time. Coast. engineering and business problems on the New York computer. Linked Moreover, the G-E time-sharing Each user has a typewriter by the typewriter-like terminal system will accommodate a variety like terminal connected to conven -- an IBM 1050 data communications of communications devices plugged tional telephone lines to operate system -- telephone lines and un into it operating at varying speeds: the remote computer. dersea cables, Zurich, like any small-scale digital computers, tele other user, receives answers al typewriters, visual display devices, A special set of computer in most immediately. and analog computers. structions, called QUIKTRAN, as sures each user immediate accessi Scientists, engineers and Key to the enormous time-shar bility to the central computer re businessmen who use the computer ing capability of the GE-645 is a gardless of who else is using the do not need to know how it works new operating program known as system. The QUIKTRAN program mon and although many different people MULTICS (for Multiplex Information itors all incoming requests from use the central computer at the and Computing Service). It is be remote user terminals and allots same time, each remote user is un ing developed from research by the to each block of information a aware that he is sharing it with Massachusetts Institute of Technol fraction of a second of computer others. To each, the IBM 7044 is ogy, Bell Telephone Laboratories, processing time every second the "his" to use as he wishes. and General Electric Company. MUL system is in operation. (For more information, designate TICS draws upon the design and ex #41 on the Readers Service Card.) perience gained with CTSS (Compat QUIKTRAN time-sharing is de ible Time-Sharing System) at MIT's signed primarily to handle sci en- Computation Center and Project MAC. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 45 Newsletter General Electric's implementation cess a large number and a wide var LINK GP-4 DIGITAL COMPUTER of the system on the GE-645 is iety of problems on an "immediate NOW OPERATIONAL known as MULTICS-645/I, details of access" basis. which will be available in the near General Precision's Link Group future according to G. E. officials. The 3300 has a cycle time of has disclosed that it has completed 1.25 microseconds, and the 3500, checkout of the GP-4 digital com The GE-645 has several charac which features Control Data's puter -- the first operational, teristics which set it apart from newly-designed INTEBRIVD circuit, commercial computer where comput existing time-sharing computer sys has a cycle time of .80 microsec ing logic is entirely made up of tems. Primary among them is its onds. To make maximum use of these monolithic integrated microcir method of managing its vast mem speeds, magnetic core memory stor cuitry. ory through the use of a segmenta age for both systems has been par tion and paging technique. titioned into 2000 word "pages". The twin double-bay cabinets Each page is further divided into housing the all-so lid-state GP-4 No computer can store in its four sections. This provides a general-purpose computer contain a core the enormous quantity of data very efficient method of accomo central processor consisting of the and programs which are required dating a wide variety of programs, main arithmetic and Boolean arith when operating in a large-scale regardless of their size or com metic units, plus the central con time-sharing mode. More than 100 plexity. Programs are broken down trol unit and instruction decoding programs representing up to one into page segments, with quarter logic. Parallel construction and million words may have to move in page locations available for any 8,192 words of core memory for data and out of the core of the computer part of any program that does not storage and transfer in conjunction at microsecond speeds. fit into a full-page. This in with 122,880 word disc memory for cludes small programs and sub General Electric's solution in computer program storage, distin routines. guishes the GP-4 as a computer for the GE-645 has been to segment pro the performance of real-time simu grams into manageable lengths for A monitor or software tech lation and industrial computation fast processing in the computer's nique (information traffic direct tasks. This built-in split-memory core. The core in turn is divided or) establishes program priorities, capability of the GP-4 design into "pages" and symbolically ad and, when necessary, transfers low offers the speed advantages of dressed. As a result, programs priority p~ograms to temporary memory overlap for instruction can be allocated to non-adjacent storage devices. The user is aware and data access. sections of the computer's core. only of the particular piece of This arrangement means more effi equipment he is using at the time. The standard GP-4 computer is cient use of the computer's memory, equipped with a Model 33 Teletype a speed up in the movement o~ pro writer for low-speed input to out grams, and a significant increase put, an NCR card reader, and a in the number of users sharing the Datamec 0-2020 45 ips IBM-compat time of the computer. ible magnetic tape unit. Optional equipment includes a Dual Direct The main switching center of Memory Access (DMA) Channel, Digit the GE-645 is a general input-out al-to-Analog and Analog-to-Digital put controller (GIOC). A device Converters, Discrete Input System new to commercial computer desig\n, and Disc Data Preselector. In ad it manages the variety of communi dition, a full range of peripheral cations going in and out of the equipment, including card equipment, central computer from terminals line printers, magnetic tape units, nearby or hundreds of miles away. and incremental plotters, is read ily available. A high performance magnetic (For more information, designate drum memory holds up to four mil #44 on the Readers Service Card.) lion words, and is able to trans fer approximately 500,000 words per second in and out of the cen tral processor. It possesses a Central operations of the Control Data 3300 and 3500 time UNIVAC® 1108 II logic structure which allows it to MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEM keep automatic queue of the com sharing computer systems can be puter's requests for transfer of controlled from the system console (center foreground in the photo). Sperry Rand Corporation's data. UNIVAC Division has announced a (For more information, designate A 3300 or 3500 time-sharing center #42 on the Readers Service Card.) includes full peripheral devices major extension of its large-scale including monitor and display sys data processing line with a new tems (foreground) optical page multi-processing system capable of readers (upper right) card readers, handling five times the capacity of high-speed printers, and special their largest system, the present TWO NEW TIME-SHARING SYSTEMS UNIVAC 1108. The new system, known OFFERED BY CONTROL DATA devices for industrial, commercial and scientific readout. as the UNIVAC 1108 II Multi-Pro cessor, is capable of operating Control Data Corporation has (For more information, designate #43 on the Readers Service Card. individual central processor units announced the availability of two simultaneously in a single config new computer systems, the Control uration. Data~ 3300 and 3500. The two sys tems combine extremely fast pro An extension of the UNIVAC cessing speeds with a new concept 1108 system, the Multi-Processor for computer memory storage to pro- provides speed, capacity and modul- 46 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Newsletter Compare: arity for large-scale, real-time and time-sharing requirements of business, engineering and scientif ic applications. We'll scribble in The 1108 II employs a modular design in which all central pro some adVantages cessor units operate with equality. As a result, each processor can function independently on a sepa OIlhe Presto-splicer rate task or be allocated to por tions of a single large problem. lor paper lape In either mode of operation, spe cial interconnection components enable the processors to share in this box. storage and peripheral equipment of a system. Modular magnetic core storagk is used, which is available in in crements of 65,536 word modules to a maximum of 262,144 words. Word length is 36-bits plus parity. Re dundant storage features of the 1108 II allow two or more process orr. to reference the same program or data simultaneously. Cycle time of each processor is 750 nanoseconds. Up to four logical banks for instru~tion or data reference overlapping, pro vide an effective cycle ~ime of 375 nanoseconds. Each processor is equipped with an individual set of 125 nano second control registers composed of integrated circuits. Control registers include multiple accumu lators, index registers, input output access control registers and special use registers. Each processor is capable of executing 1.:) mi Ilion instructions per second. Multiple data communications· paths into the 1108 II are directed by Input-Output Controllers, inde pendent wi red logic processors util ized in multi-processing operations, providing up to 16 high speed data channels with independent access to mai n storage: The Multi-Processor concept not only facilitates the extremely high computing speeds in the pro cessing of several concurrent ap plications, but it also provides a "halance" between the cO.mputer and the hundreds of remotely-located peripheral units that may be. used wi th it. Deliveries of complete systems arc expected to begin in 'the sec Get the facts. Write for complete infor· ~ ord quarter of 1966. mation. Request spliced samples too. c:J (For more information, designate Your material or ours. #45 on the Readers Service Card.) PRESTCSEAL~ MANUFACTURING CaRP. 37·12 108 ST/CORONA, N.Y. 11368/DEPT C2 Designate No. 8 on Readers Service Card COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 47 Newsletter diagram to patchboard. The second ically to represent l's and O's, Digital-Analog digit of all component addresses the basis of computer language. By represents the sextant of the board reducing the size of cores, engi that the component appears on - neers can reduce the size of mem REAC 600- while still preserving a consecu ory units and increase the speed at NEW HYBRID COMPUTATION tive numbering scheme. which a computer retrieves these SYSTEM bits of information. All operating mode controls A memory system built by IBM Reeves Instrument Company, a are electronically buffered so that the equipment can be remotely ad to test the capabi Ii ty of the cores Di vision of Dynamics Corporation of dressed and, therefore, easily has a cycle time of 375 nanoseconds America, has introduced the REAC subject to hybrid operation. All (billionths of a second), twice as 600, a seventh generation computer. components and assemblies are of fast as the fastest memory in Sys This high speed, solid state, large tem/360. The experimental memory scale system, is capable of expan the highest quality and in almost all cases have been prototype field has a density of 4000 cores, or bits sion to the most powerful hybrid of information, per square inch, facility presently available. It tested. (For more information, designate making it the most compact core has diverse application in product memory ever developed. analysis and systems simulation #46 on the Readers Service Card.) capability for the aerospace, air Another technological advance, craft, refinery, automotive, chem the fastest computer memory ever ical processing, gas pipeline, bio reported, also was displayed by medicine, railroad, research and IBM. The experimental "scratchpad''. other fields. Memories so-called because it is a small and Design of this equipment in extremely fast memory used by the cludes sloping front panels, cen computer to store intermediate MINIATURIZED MEMORY DEVICES arithmetic results, makes use of trally located controls, displays semiconductor devices called tunnel Experimental computer mem diodes. Tests by IBM. engineers have ories among the fastest and small proved the feasibility of a tunnel est ever developed were described diode memory with a cycle time of by IBM Corporation engineers at 25 nanoseconds. . the 1965 Fall Joint Computer Con ference held Nov. 30 - Dec. 2 in Another development which holds Las Vegas, Nev. promise for future high speed mem ories is a 32-bit monolithic module One unit, composed of metal displayed by IBM for the first time. lic rings so small that three Two silicon chips are mounted on a human hairs would barely fit half-inch-square ceramic substrate through one of them, is the most to form the 32-bit unit. Each chip compact core memory ever built. contains 148 components forming 16 Another, utilizing electronic de circuits, and each of the circuits vices called tunnel diodes, is the stores one bit of information. fastest memory ever reported. Engineers anticipate that com The memory rings, called fer puter memories constructed with the rite cores, have inside diameters monolithic modules will be ten times of 7.5-thousandths-of-an-inch and as fast as today's, because faster at eye level and patch boards that outside diameters of 12-thous switching speeds are attainable are visible from a seated position. andths-of-an-inch -- about half with semiconductors than with cores In addition, ovens which are hinged the size of memory cores used in and because new packaging densities' for access to adjacent hardware en today's computers. The experi offer the possibility of shortening able the use of high density pack mental cores are small enough for the distance ele~trical signals aging without sacrifice of service 17,000 of them to fit inside a must travel. ability. All power supplies are an candy Life Saver, as shown in the (For more information, designate integral part of the main frame, #47 on the Readers Service Card.) but are thermally insulated from photo. the remainder of the cabinet mak ing remote location and long'cables unnecessary. RCA ANNOUNCES NEW MEMORY FOR ADVANCED SPECTRA 70 The frame is equipped with two patch boards comprising a tot The Radio Corporation of Amer al of almost 8000 usable holes. ica has announced a mass random ac The analog signal board is a solid cess memory device for Spectra 70 completely shielded metal board and computers with a capacity of 560 has the exclusive REAC ability to million 8-bit bytes per unit at post patch without disabling the the lowest cost in the data pro power supply. The control and cessing industry. parallel digital logic board is unshielded to improve high fre Through an increase in record quency performance. ing density, the new Spectra 70/568-11 Mass Storage Unit accom A simple addressing -scheme In operation, cores are mag modates a thousand bytes of inform- eases the job of going from flow netized and demagnetized electron- 48 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Newsletter ation at a monthly cost of about The 3800's rotating memory The new computer program, known 6/10 of a cent, according to Arnold element is composed of six alum as UNIVAC Automatic Documentation K. Weber, Vice President and Gener inum discs coated with a cobalt System Line Composition Phase I Pro al Manager, RCA Electronic Data alloy. The discs measure 38 inches gram (UNADS-LINCO I), was developed Processing. in diameter and ~-inch in thickness. specifically for use on the UNIVAC The discs, mounted on a common 1050 Computer, a product of Sperry With the new device, average shaft, rotate at 1800 RPM. Data Rand Corporation's UNIVAC Division. access time to any given data char is stored on both disc faces. acter or numeral is less than 0.4 Word length is flexible. UNADS-LINCO I composes text seconds. A Spectra 70/568-11 can through the use of line justifica house eight magazines, each hold tion and hyphenation routines plus ing 256 magnetic cards. Eight such commands which are interspersed models can be linked to a single with the input text. The command Controller. A total of nearly 4.5 system offers the most advanced and billion 8-bit bytes of memory stor versatile language available for age can thus be accommodated by a specifying column measures, type single Controller. RCA's Spectra fonts, line make-up, identifica 70 Drum Memories and Disc Storage tion, and segmentation of output Devices can be linked to the Ran paper tapes. dom Access Controller along with the Mass Storage Units. The hyphenation routines use a grammatically-based set of rules, The new "double density" Mass and are coupled with the justifica Storage Unit handles a two-way flow tion routine which scans from right of data by means of electric type to left using the last word separa writers, high-speed printers, tion or hyphenation point within punched cards or tape, cathode ray the justification range. This com tube display devices and other vis bination allows the system to set ual display equipment. It can com tighter and more accurate lines municate with remote inquiry and than are encountered in normal man input stations via telephone or -- Technicain checks the ual systems, or in many of the other telegraph lines. installation of six large computer-based systems. (For more information, designate memory discs and head #48 on the Readers Service Card.) mounting plates (at right) The basic typesetting ~stem of the new LIBRAFlLE 3800 uses a torn-tape approach where un mass memory system. justified or "idiot" tapes of vari able lengths are fed into the data L1BRAFILE 3800 MASS MEMORY The LIBRAFILE 3800 memory is processing system. The UNADS available with or without master LINCO I System in turn, produces A new computer mass-memory control electronics. tapes for actuating various config with a storage capacity of 200 urations of typesetting equipment. million bits, a data-transfer rate Information is retrieved of up to 42 million bits per sec either through fixed-address or The UNIVAC 1050 System with a ond, and an average access time of record-content search. Search by six-channel paper tape reader punch 17 milliseconds has been developed record-content is an exclusive unit is the basic hardware system by the Librascope Group of General Librascope technique that permits required for this application. Precision, Inc. The new memory any field to be used as an access Program loading can be either punch system, called the LIBRAFILE 3800 key. Only the nature, and not the card or magnetic tape, depending on mass memory, was introduced at the . location, of data sought need be individual user needs . Fall Joint Computer Conference, known. This feature eliminates (For more informption, designate Nov. 30 - Dec. 2 in Las Vegas, Nev. costly flagging and table look-up #51 on the Reader Service Card.) programs, saves central-memory The LIBRAFlLE 3800 is designed space, and permits simultaneous for use as a computer mass memory off-line search. in large scientific computing cen IBM'S COMPUTER (For more information, designate PROGRAM LIBRARY ters, in message-switching centers, #49 on the Readers Service Card.) in military command-and-control in stallations, and in intelligence IBM Corporation has announced data processing systems. the opening of the largest computer program library in the world at Haw The new memory is a-vailable in Software thorne, N.Y. The building has been a basic 6-disc configuration with designed and built solely as a li a storage capacity of 200 million brary to serve computer users. Dur bits. Th~ memory has a fixed-head ing the first year in its new head per track, two methods of search UNIVAC 1050 COMPUTER quarters, the library expects to and retrieval, and retractable PROGRAM SETS TYPE distribute more than 400,000 com head plates. AUTOMATICALLY puter programs, doubling its last year's operations." " A LIBRAFlLE 3800 mass memory Type for the printed editions consists of two pri~clpal units: of House of Commons debates will The increased volum~lwill be (1) a mass memory for data storage, in the future be set automatically met through: highly computerized and (2) a controller for interface, in English and in French with the operations, from cataloging pro control, and read-write electronics. aid of a UNIVAC 1050 computer ac grams to automatic preparation of cording to an announcement by the mailing labelsj the added comput- Canadian Government Printing Bureau. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 49 Newsletter ing power of IBM System/360s, now With the new REMSTAR System, film lengths in fixed continuity. being installed; and the use of a complete file integrity is main (For more information, designate new, specially developed tape du tained as the document stays where #54 on the Readers Service Card.) plicator, which can copy over four it belongs, "In-File". The image billion characters of information and copy arrive where they'll be a day -- the equivalent of 7,000 used. average-length books. FERRIS WHEEL ROTARY FILES A variety of automated file Last year, over 1/3 million equipment for the REMSTAR System Acme Visible Records, Inc., programs (of 2500 kinds) were dis is available to meet the needs of Crozet, Va., recently exhibited its tributed on reauest, without charge. any s~ze business. new product line of Rotary files, (For more information, designate (For more information, designate These wheel type files range from #50 on the Readers Service Card.) #53 on the Readers Service Card.) the smallest desk top rotaries to large cap.aci ty floor models whi ch house in excess of 100,000 cards per uni t. RECORDAK MICROSTRIP SYSTEM Information Retrieval Trays for index card sizes The new Recordak Microstrip from the smallest 4" wide x 2" System, developed by the Recordak high to 11" wide x 8~" high are Corporation, a subsidiary of East available. The file operator is REMSTAR,(l), RECORDS man Kodak Company, is based upon a provided with finger tip control RETRIEVAL SYSTEM new micro-form: a foot-long plast over thousands of records. ic holder which contains up to 12" (For more information, designate Remington Office Systems, Di of 16 mm microfilm. The new con #58 on the Readers Service Card.) vision of the Sperry Rand Corpora cept is designed to reduce volum tion, New York, N.Y., has intro inous listings in directories, duced its most advanced Records Re credit files, inventory lists, and trieval System. The new system, rate tables to compact microfilm MOSLER SCAb-I FILE SYSTEM called REMSTAR~, is an advanced in immediately retrievable form. modular system combining closed Average retrieval time is less Anywhere from a few thousand circuit television with Remington's than five seconds. to more than 100,000 conventional completely automated Records Re~ file folders may be stored at ran trieval devices. With the new REM This system involves the use dom and anyone of these folders STAR System, Records Retrieval is of indexed Microstrip holders which may be retrieved in 3 to 5 seconds made total -- not only locating, are stacked in nested, compact with a new system introduced by the but transmitting the record. Re files at either side of the new :Mosler Safe Company. trieval and transmission are fused Recordak Microstrip Reader. Each into a single, seconds-quick oper holder is end-tab indexed by con With the Mosler Scan File sys ation. tent. File categories are dis tem, coded folders are placed at tinguished by color coding. When random in the file and. are selected The new REMSTAR System basic a Microstrip holder is placed in from the file by the use of an elec ally functions in the following the Reader, the desired single tronic keyboard. When the keyboard manner: the files are centralized image is located by "tell-tale" receives the request for a folder, an~ house'd in Remington's electro indexing symbols. As the operator scanning heads on each tier simul mechanical filing devices and sit moves the image locator control tan~~~ly search at high speed for uated in a low cost file area.' A pointer to the desired subject the desired folder. When'the fold REMSTAR Transmitter for tabulating "tell-tale", its related image is er is located, it is pushed out aperture cards with microfilm im displayed on the viewing screen of from the remainder of the file. It ages or hard-copy records is an the Microsirip Reader. integral part of this completely automated work station. Once the Paper prints,are reproducible clerk receives a request, she re from the images projected on the trieves the record, instantly, from reader screen with the addition of the automated Records Retrieval unit, a fully automatic printer access and drops it into the transmission ory at the base of the Microstrip slot. From that moment the viewer Reader. The operator presses the controls the record. The record is "print button". Within seconds, viewed on the REMSTAR Monitor, an enlarged facsimile print of the placed on or alongside the execu data displayed on the screen is tive's desk (or wherever the record delivered, squeegee-dry, for use is needed). Once the viewing is as a working or confirmation copy. completed, a Finish Button is pushed on the Monitor, and the According to Recordak, the. record is released. If an immed new Microstrip System provides for iate action copy of the record is great flexibility of operation. needed, a REMSTAR Printer, serving The film strips can be inserted one or more Monitor Stations, re into the plastic holders in lengths sponds to the touch of the Moni up to a maximum of a foot. Add-ons is then readily available to the tor's Print-Out Button and, in sec and deletions can be handled easi operator. A signal on the control onds, produces an exact copy or ly since the film channel within console gives the op~rator the lo- copies of the image on the Monitor the Recordak Microstrip holder is cation of the folder. If,the de screen. designed to secure multiple short sired folder is ~ot in the-file, 8 film lengths in fixed continuity "not-in-file" signal appears on the console. 50 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Newsletter In addition to keyboard oper Three basic equipment systems imum power requirement for the ham ation, the system can be operated are available: a single tray mers permits the use of a low-cur completely automatically by punched (table top) unit with built in rent power supply. tape. The tape can be a by-product punch and cable connected keyboard; of other processing operations such a double tray unit, with a built in The 3502 has an exclusive auto as computer runs or production typ punch and cable connected keyboard, matic paper feed system which pro ing and can also be prepared by which may be interconnected to ad vides clear sharp definition, pre conventional paper tape key punch. ditional double tray units; and a cise vertic~l registration, and im Any number of folders may be se table console featuring five built mediate visibility of the last line lected automatically by tape. in trays with a cable connected printed. Internal or external paper keyboard and punching device. According to John Mosler, Card coding on the table model may president, The Mosler Safe Company, be accomplished either "on line" the new Scan File system for the or "off line". first time brings true automation (For more information, designate to the file room. He said it is #57 on the Readers Service Card.) the only system to permit immedi ate retrieval of folders filed at random. (For more information, designate #56 on the Readers Service Card.) Input-Output RANDOM CHAIN TYPE PRINTER CARD FILE ANNOUNCED BY POTTER EQUIPMENT A newly-designed Chain Printer Randomatic Data Systems of representing a radically new ap Trenton, N.J., has introduced a proach to the design of high-speed new line of random card file electronic printing was announced equipment. by Potter Instrument Company at -- HSP-3502 Chain Printer the Fall Joint Computer Confer A two second automatic re ence held in Las Vegas, Nevada. trieval of randomly filed cards is advance is automatic. Paper width is ~ to l~ inches. Number of accomplished by the binary coding The new Chain Printer, Model of ordinary cards (tab size and copies is up to six interleaved, HSP-3502, is capable of printin~ card stock or multilith master. 5" x 0") which are notched along at speeds up to 600 lines per mIn the bottom edge in such a way as Slewing speed is 17.5 inches per ute. Up to 192 different charac second. to not interfere with the cards ters in up to 128 columns may be being used in most other card pro utilized, allowing a change in Electronics comprise integrated cessing equipment. Both notching code format by simply addressing and selection are accomplished on circuitry combined with all silicon the required font. Individual semi-conductors. A building block a simple 10-button electrical key slugs may be changed by an un board. The system can be learned configuration offers a variety of skilled operator in minutes. A~ control and sequencing. by an operator in five minutes. phanumeric, numeric, and symbollc Up to a million different codes printing capability is provided. can be selected with absolute dis Designed for use with all com tinction. In addition, cards may puter and data processing systems, The heart of the new Potter the 3502 can also be interfaced off be group selected by code charac Printer is a uniquely-designed, ters that they may have in common line with a magnetic tape transport continuous, rotating chain. The for use as an off-line print sta with each other. Cards may be chain contains individually at made of any material -- paper, tion or interfaced with a DATA tached, dual-redundant characters PHON~ for remote terminal system film, or plastic; no special card along its periphery. Printing is attachments are required. applications. accomplished in two cycles -- first (For more information, designate in the odd column and then in the #52 on the Readers Service Card.) The file trays containing the even column. This two-cycle print curds are similar in appearance to mode allows the option of utiliz an ordinary card file, except for ing a one-half line or full-line the automatically adjustable di buffer. A one-half print cycle AMPEX MODEL ATM-13 viders which control the upright takes place in 40 milliseconds. position of the cards, irrespective COMPUTER-COMPATIBLE Full cycle printing takes 100 mil TRANSPORT of the number of cards in the file. liseconds, or 600 lines per min Each file tray will contain 1,000 ute. A reflex buffer is also A new, compact digital tape to 1,500 cards, depending on c~rd available for synchronous opera thickness. Trays are modular In transport which can record more tion as required in data phone than twice the amount of data on design so that any number may be transmission. inter-connected together for si the same amount of tape used with previous recorders of its type has multaneous operation from a single Patented double-width, "con keyboard. A "memory logic" system been placed on the market by Ampex trolled-penetration" hammers, each Corporation, Redwood City, Calif. is available as an accessory for spanning two columns, halve the the storing of information. number of hammers and drive con The Ampex Model ATM-13 is de trol circuitry required. The min- signed for airborne, shipboard and 51 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 Newsletter land-mobile use in such applica cast notes that government spending returning to the 20 percent level tions as reconnaissance and geo is expected to total $15.8 billion; in 1965. physical work. It is the first re industry, about $6.7 billion; col corder of its type to generate data leges and universities, approxi Total industry performance of which is computer-compatible, re mately $340 million; and other non R&D, which grew at an annual rate quiring no intermediate processing. profit institutions, about $235 of 12.5 percent from 1953 to 1964, Blocks of data recorded by the ATM- mi Ilion. is expected to grow at a slower 13 are spaced only three-quarters rate in 1966, reflecting the re of an inch apart on the tape, com Federal expenditures are ex duction in the rate of federal fi pared with distances ranging from pected to increase by about $400 nancing. Industry accounted for two inches to several feet on com million over the $15.4 billion es seven-tenths of total performance parable recorders currently in use. timated to be spent in 1965. This in both 1953 and 1964, with fed reflects primarily a reduction in eral financing of industry per the rate of new obligational au formance growing from 39 percent thority and a reduction in the rate in 1953 to 57 percent in 1964. of expenditures by the Departme~ of Defense and the National Aero nautics and Space Administration. According to Battelle economists, IBM, SPERRY RAND ANNOUNCE the current reduction in the rate PATENT AGREEMENT of federal outlays is not expected to deter the continued growth in Sperry Rand Corp. has announced total output of the economy. They that it has reached an agreement say, rather, that the growing em with IBM to cross license on a non phasis on basic research shown in exclusive basis all patents of the the current budget should prove to two firms in the field of informa be a sustaining influence on the tion handling. continued growth of productivity. In making the announcement In predicting the future Sperry Rand stated that the agree The ATM-13's short inter-block growth of R&D, the economists ment resolves all outstanding pat gap meets IBM and other computer believe that few if any industries ent differences between the two requirements for tape inputs to have reached a point of diminish companies. No payments were be processing systems. The short gap, ing returns on R&D investment. lieved involved in the agreement. made possible by the transport's For 1966, the present cash flow start-stop time of six thousandths position of industry suggests no Further details of the agree of a second, offers users substan reduction in the rate of industry ment were not disclosed inasmuch as tial savings in tape and processing expenditures for R&D. In fact, Sperry Rand is continuing negotia time. the $6.7 billion that industry is tions with other companies for the (For more information, designate expected to spend on R&D in 1966 licensing of its patents. #59 on the Readers Service Card.) is $400 million more than the an ticipated total of about $6.3 billion for 1965. RCA EDP DIVISION However, there are some indi REPORTED IN THE BLACK cations that industry may be re BUSINESS NEWS turning to pre-Sputnik levels of The President of RCA, Dr. E. R&D effort. This is suggested W. Engstrom, reported, during a recent by comparisons of industry spend talk to Boston Security Analysts, ing and performance with gross that his firm's EDP Division is R&D COSTS IN U.S. national product and industry cash operating in the black for the EXPECTED TO BE flow. second consecutive year. $23 BILLION IN '66 The Battelle estimates for Dr. Engstrom said, "The Spec Total research and development expenditures by industry are de tra 70 family has made an excell ent start this year. It is finding expenditures in the United States rived from an examination of cash a strong market abroad as well as are expected to reach a record flow as distinguished from the in this country. In our older, es $23 billion in 1966 -- a year that standard surveys of industry spend tablished product lines, orders for could be one of transition in the ing plans. Battelle studies sug the RCA 3301 Realcom computer has financing and performance of R&D, gest that a major determinant of increased during 1965. Among them according to a recent forecast by expenditures for research is in ternal cash flow (net profits re have been a number of major mul Battelle Institute economists. tained by business, plus depreci tiple-system contracts. ation), because funds for invest While the $23 billion figure ment in research cannot ordinarily "In order to accommodate de for 1966 is a record, it represents mand for these and for the Spectra the smallest relative annual gain be obtained from outside sources. 70 models, we have stepped up the for R&D outlays in the past dec production capability of our com ade. Final expenditure figures for Industry financing of R&D puter plant in Florida and in 1965 are expected to approximate averaged around 20 percent of cash creased personnel by more than 50%." $22.2 billion. flow prior to 1958, and estimates for 1965 show a return to this re lationship. Between 1958 and 1965, Dr. Engstrom also said the Breaking down the total ex penditure estimate for 1966 by industry R&D financing as a per first deliveries of Spectra 70 com cent of cash flow climbed to a puters were on schedule and orders source of funds, the Battelle fore- peak of 26 percent in 1961 before continue to rise. 52 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 It tal(es a rare talent to see through the darl( As a result, we are forming a new group at Sanders! We want people who can develop and stimulate cre ative methods that will better utilize the capabilities of computers as a working tool in our corporate environ ment and who can assist in a general technical and organizational upgrading of our corporate capability. And make no mistake. It takes a specific talent. You must be at home with many different disciplines (physics, Math, Economics, Electronics, etc.) and with many different problem classes. You also need an instinct for diplomacy. Most important, in addition to being able to run a project of your own, you must act as a cre ativo catalyst-circulating throughout the com pany-sparking new ideas, stimulating new directions, teaching. If you get the idea that as a member of this new Sanders' group you will have plenty of freedom to create your own job, you are right. And if you have gotten the idea that this new group is destined to playa most sig nificant role in determining the future course of the company, you are right again. As of now we're one of the nation's top defense contractors (Le. we are prime for the Display System for NASA's Moon Shot). Our electronics technology leads the field in many areas. Our commercial products are forging ahead. We are engaged in such fields as radar, phased arrays, missile guidance, communications, ASWj oceanography, ECM, tactical limited warfare, data storage, processing and infor mation display, ground support, navigational aids, instruments, test equipment, microwave, high density packaging. But we're looking ahead; keeping ourselves flexible; upgrading our creative re sources and capabilities. The creation of our new computer concepts group is one proof. There are others. Why not send us your resume and give us a chance to tell you the whole story. Write in confidence to L. R. Ware. NEW DIRECTIONS IN sanders associates, inc. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS NASHUA, NEW HAMPSHIRE An equal opportunity employer, M&F COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 53 MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS The number of electronic computers installed or in produc of progress for readers interested in following the growth of tion at anyone time has been in~reasing at a bewildering pace the American computer industry, and of the computing power it in the past several years. New vendors have come into the com builds. puter market, and familiar machines have gone out of production. Some new machines have been received with open arms by users - In general, manufacturers in the computer field do not others have been given the cold shoulder. officially release installation and on order figures. The fig ures in this census are developed through a continuing market To aid our readers in keeping up with this mushrooming ac survey conducted by associates of our magazine. This market tivity, the editors of COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION present this research program develops a documented data file which now cov monthly report on the number of general purpose electronic com ers over 85% of the computer installations in the United States. puters of American-based companies which are installed or on A similar program is conducted for overseas installations. order as of the preceding month. These figures included instal lations and orders outside the United States. We update this Any additions, or corrections, from informed readers will computer census monthly, so that it wi 11 serve as a "box-score" be welcomed. AS OF DECEMBER 10. 1965 NAME OF NAME OF SOLID AVERAGE MONTHLY DATE OF FIRST NUMBER OF NUMBER OF MANUFACTURER COMPUTER STATE? RENTAL I NSTALLATI ON INSTALLATIONS UNFILLED ORDERS Advanced Scientific Instruments ASI 210 Y $2850 4/62 24 1 ASI 2100 Y $3000 12/63 6 1 ADVANCE 6020 y $2200 4/65 5 4 ., ADVANCE 6040 y $2800 7/65 2 7 ADVANCE 6050 y $5000 10/65 0 3 ADVANCE 6070 Y $10,500 10/65 1 6 ADVANCE 6080 y $7000 1/66 0 0 Autonetics RECOMP II y $2495 11/58 48 X RECOMP III y 1495 6 61 10 X Bunker-Ramo Corp. BR-130 Y $2000 10 61 158 5 BR-133 Y $2400 5/64 9 7 BR-230 Y $2680 8/63 15 X BR-300 Y $3000 3/59 38 X BR-330 Y $4000 12/60 34 X BR-340 Y $7000 12/63 20 X Burroughs 205 N $4600 1/54 52 X 220 N $14,000 10/58 44 X E101-103 N $875 1/56 152 X BIOO Y $2800 8/64 100 30 B250 Y $4200 11/61 103 5 B260 Y $3750 11/62 248 16 B270 Y $7000 7/62 160 17 B280 Y $6500 7/62 97 17 B300 Y $8400 7/65 25 80 B5000/B5500 Y $20,000 3/63 48 10 B8500 Y $200.000 2/67 0 1 Clary DE-60/DE-60M Y $525 7/60 344 4 Computer Control Co. DDP-19 Y $2800 6/61 3 X DDP-24 Y $2500 5/63 70 8 DDP-116 Y $900 4/65 34 42 DDP-124 Y $2050 2/66 0 6 DDP-224 Y $3300 3/65 15 15 Control Data Corporation G-15 N $1000 7/55 325 X G-20 Y $15,500 4/61 26 X 160*/160A/160G Y $1750/$3400/$12,000 5/60;7/61;3/64 440 1 924/924A y $11,000 8/61 29 X 1604/1604A Y $45,000 1/60 60 X 1700 Y $2200 5/66 0 24 3100 y $7350 12/64 40 35 3200 y $12,000 5/64 88 17 3300 y $15,000 9/65 6 55 3400 y $25,000 11/64 20 18 3500 y $30,000 6/66 0 3 3600 Y $58,000 6/63 48 10 3800 y $60,000 12/65 0 15 6400 y $40,000 1/66 0 8 6600 y $110,000 8/64 7 9 6800 y $140.000 4/67 0 4 Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-1 Y $3400 11/60 60 X PDP-4 Y $1700 8/62 55 2 PDP-5 Y $900 9/63 112 1 PDP-6 Y $10,000 10/64 9 6 PDP-7 y $1300 11/64 36 44 PDP-8 Y $525 4/65 95 302 E1-tronics. Inc. ALWAC HIE N $1820 2/54 21 X Electronic Associates. Inc. 8400 y $7000 6/65 2 6 Friden 6010 y 600 6 63 295 170 General Electric 115 Y $1375 12 65 0 410 205 y $2900 6/64 42 10 210 y $16,000 7/59 53 X 215 y $6000 9/63 53 3 225 y $8000 4/61 139 2 235 Y $10,900 4/64 60 8 415 y $7300 5/64 87 62 425 y $9600 6/64 48 50 435 Y $14,000 10/64 20 25 625 y $41,000 12/64 10 25 635/645 y $45,000 12/64 4 28 General Precision LGP-21 y $725 12/62 95 X LGP-30 semi $1300 9/56 255 X RPC-4000 Y $1875 1/61 62 X Honeywell Electronic Data Processing H-120 Y $2600 12/65 0 260 H-200 Y $5700 3/64 680 160 H-400 Y $8500 12/61 125 5 H-800 Y $22,000 12/60 86 3 H-1200 Y $6500 2/66 0 42 54 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 ._ ... _--- NAME OF NAME OF SOLID AVERAGE MONTHLY DATE OF FIRST NUMBER OF NUMBER OF MANUFACTURER COMPUTER STATE? RENTAL INSTALLATION INSTALLATIONS UNFILLED ORDERS Honeywell (cant'd) H-1400 Y $14,000 1/64 12 2 H-1800 Y $30,000 1/64 15 6 H-2200 Y $11,000 12/65 0 46 H-4200 Y $16,800 2/66 0 8 H-8200 Y $35,000 3/67 0 1 DATAmatic 1000 N ~40,OOO 12L57 4 X IBM 305 N $3600 12/57 170 X 360/20 Y $1800 12/65 2 4000 360/30 Y $7200 5/65 400 3200 360/40 Y $14,500 4/65 350 900 360/44 Y $12,000 9/66 0 400 360/50 Y $28,000 8/65 12 360 360/60 Y $48,000 12/65 0 10 360/62 Y $55,000 12/65 0 5 360/65 Y $46,000 11/65 1 110 360/67 Y $49,000 9/66 0 22 360/75 Y $78,000 2/66 0 70 650 N $4800 11/54 255 X 1130 Y $850 11/65 2 1700 1401 Y $4500 9/60 6750 200 1401-G Y $2000 5/64 1175 60 1410 Y $14,200 11/61 735 30 1440 Y $3300 4/63 2550 275 1460 Y $9000 10/63 2150 225 1620 I, II Y $2500 9/60 1700 20 1800 Y $3700 12/65 0 125 701 N $5000 4/53 1 X 7010 Y $22,600 10/63 170 35 702 N $6900 2/55 8 X 7030 Y $160,000 5/61 7 X 704 N $32,000 12/55 40 X 7040 Y $18,000 6/63 110 8 7044 Y $35,200 6/63 95 22 705 N $30,000 11/55 61 X 7070, 2, 4 Y $27,000 3/60 340 7 7080 Y $55,000 8/61 75 X 709 N $40,000 8/58 11 X 7090 Y $63,500 11/59 45 1 7094 Y $72,500 9/62 130 6 7094 II Y F8,500 4L64 97 25 111 7300 ADX Y ~18,OOO 9L61 9 6 Monroe Calculating Machine Co. Monrobot IX N Sold only - $5800 3/58 150 X Monrobot XI Y FOO 12L60 580 100 National Cash Register Co. NCR - 304 Y $14,000 1/60 26 X NCR - 310 Y $2000 5/61 42 X NCR - 315 Y $8500 5/62 380 60 NCR - 315-RMC Y $12,000 9/65 10 30 NCR - 390 Y $1850 5/61 1050 40 NCR - 500 Y ~1500 lOL65 70 600 Phi1co 1000 Y $7010 6/63 20 0 2000-210, 211 Y $40,000 10/58 18 1 2000-212 Y ~52,OOO 1L63 9 1 Radio Corporation of America Bizmac N $100,000 -/56 3 X RCA 301 Y $6000 2/61 620 7 RCA 3301 Y $11,500 7/64 47 20 RCA 501 Y $14,000 6/59 99 2 RCA 601 Y $35,000 11/62 5 X Spectra 70/15 Y $2600 11/65 5 80 Spectra 70/25 Y $5000 11/65 6 70 Spectra 70/35 Y $7000 4/66 0 25 Spectra 70/45 Y $9000 3/66 0 80 SQectra 7OL55 Y ~14,000 5L66 0 22 Haytheon 250 Y $1200 12/60 175 5 440 Y $3500 3/64 13 4 520 Y 3200 10 65 2 5 Scientific Control Dystems 660 Y $2000 10 65 2 1 670 Y ~2600 12L65 0 2 Scientific Data Systems Inc. S05-92 Y $900 4/65 30 40 SDS-910 Y $2000 8/62 155 15 SDS-920 Y $2700 9/62 100 15 SDS-925 Y $2500 12/64 13 29 SD5-930 Y $4000 6/64 78 32 5DS-9300 Y ~7000 11L64 18 7 Systems Engineering Labs SEL-810 Y $750 9/65 3 12 SEL-840 Y ~4000 11L65 1 3 UNIVAC I & II N $25,000 3/51 & 11/57 28 X III Y $20,000 8/62 87 1 File Computers N $15,000 8/56 19 X Solid-State 80 I, II, 90 I, II & Step Y $8000 8/58 290 X 418 Y $11,000 6/63 53 28 490 Series Y $26,000 12/61 80 58 1004 Y $1900 2/63 3200 190 1005 Y $2400 2/66 0 90 1050 y $8000 9/63 255 115 1100 Series (ex- cept 1107) N $35,000 12/50 12 X 1107 Y $45,000 10/62 29 2 1108 Y $50,000 9/65 4 20 LARC Y ~135,OOO 5L60 2 X TOTALS 30,729 15,805 X = no longer in production. • To avoid double counting, note that the Control Data 160 serves as the central processor of the NCR 310. Also, many of the orders for the IBM 7044, 7074, and 7094 I and II's are not for new machines but for conversion from existing 7040, 7070 and 7090 computers respectively. COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 55 Would you have invested your talents and energy and resources in his epic voyage? A small band did. And when Columbus returned triumphant, each knew he had had a hand in the greatest adventure of that time and age. Another great adventure beckons today. The manned exploration of the moon. And, as in Columbus' time, a relatively small band is privileged to share in it. IBM programers are in the forefront of that band. At NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, IBM programers help steer men through space. They chart the course of each Gemini/Apollo flight-in real~time. They sit at the consoles in the Real-Time Computer Complex and monitor the computer perform ance of hundreds of thousands of pro- .' gramed instructions. They do every kind of programing job there is to do. They often work in real~time themselves, since their knowledge of programing detail may be called upon to support the system during its period of critical operation. Tomorrow, programers will write control programs for post-lunar launches. They'll develop time-shared systems for overlapping missions. They'll work on multiprocessors, dynamic storage allocation, and adaptive, Programers: self-organizing systems. The manuals they write will be the textbooks for real-time would you systems of the future. Think what you would learn working with them! You would gain have sailed with experience that cannot be equalled anywhere. And this experience will be even more useful to you in fulfilling the programing Columbus? needs in the decade to come. So why not join us? We'll teach you real~time applications of the fundamentals you now know. To start, you need at least one year's experience, preferably two or three, in pro graming large-scale computers. Experience in simulation, operations research, linear programing or systems analysis is also desirable. Relocation expenses and personal benefit programs are all company-paid. Write us a short letter, in longhand if you like. Tell us briefly about your education and experience. We'll get back to you fast-hope fully with an invitation to visit us in Houston. Write to Mr. W. J. Baier, Dept. 539N, IBM Corporation, 16915 EI Camino Real, Houston, Texas 77058. IBM is an Equal Opportunity Employer. IBM ® Designate No. lOon Readers Service Card 56 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 196(; HIGH PRICES PAID Subminiature FOR ILLUMINATED USED I.D.M. PUSH BUTTON OAT A PROCESSING MACHINES SWITCHES Machines Model No. and matching SORTERS •••••• 082, 083, 084. VERIFIERS •••••• 056. Indicator Lights COLLATORS •••. 077,085,087,088. COMPUTERS •••• 1401, 1410, 1620,7070. TAPE DRIVES ••• 727, 729, 7330. DIALCO Switches and Indicator Lights provide al KEY PUNCHES •• 024,026, ALPHA. most limitless applications-are flexible in ar REPRODUCERS •• 514,519. rangement-economical in price-and feature INTERPRETERS •• 552,548,557. high reliability. ACCTG. MACH. .403, 407, 602A. Switches are the silent, momentary type-requir ing 24 oz. (approx.) operating force. Contact arrangements are: S.P.S.T., normally open or normally closed; S.P.D.T. two circuit (one normally Advise exact model num open, one normally closed). Ratings: 3 amps, 125V ber and serial numbers and A.C.; 3 amps, 30V D.C. (non-inductive). The switch is competely enclosed and independent of the we will quote prices by re lamp circuit. The light source is the T-l3;~ incan turn mail. If our prices are descent lamp, available in voltages from 1.35 to 28V. Units are made for single hole (keyed) mount acceptable, we would send ing in panels up to 3/16" thick and mount from payment in advance, and back of panel in 1/2" clearance hole. Switch arrange pick up of ma forms for dry circuits are also available. chines, as is, uncrated, by For complete Other features include: 1/2" or 3/4" interchange able caps, round or square, rotatable or non· our freight carrier. data, request rotatable, in a choice of 7 color combinations. current Catalog. L. A. PEARL CO. 801 SECOND AVE. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 PHONE 212 OREGON 9-6535 Designate No. 16 on Readers Service Card Designate No. 11 on Readers Service Card CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS Jan. :H-Feb. 4, 1966: International Symposium on Information Apr. 20-23, 1966: International Conference on Automated l Theory, UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif.; contact A. V. Balakrish Data Processing in Hospitals, Hotel Marienlyst, Elsinore, nan, Dept. of Engrg., Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, Calif. im,:.'... ' Denmark; contact Conference Secretaria~, Databehan ',:::: !)()024 , dlingskontoret, Juliane Mariesvej 6, Copenhagen 0, Den 1·\-1>. 2-4, 1966: 1966 'Convention on Aerospace and Electronic mark Systems, International Hotel, Los Angeles, Calif.; contact Apr. 26-28, 1966: Spring Joint Computer Conference, War ~ William H. Herrman, Hughes Aircraft Co., Culver City, Memorial Auditorium, Boston, Mass.; contact AFIPS Hdqs., Calif. 211 E. 43 St., Rm. 504, New York, N.Y. 10017 F(-I>. ~)-11, 1966: 13th Annual International Solid-State Cir May 3-5, 1966: Bionics Symposium, Dayton, Ohio; contact cllits Conference, Sheraton Hotel and Univ. of Pa., Phil Bionics Symposium 1966, P.O. Box 489, 300 College Park addphia, Pa.; contact Lewis Winner, 152 W. 42 St., New Ave., Dayton, Ohio 45409 York, N.Y. 10036 May 3-5, 1966: British Joint Computer Conference, Congress Theatre, Eastbourne, Sussex, England; contact Public Rela ~Iar. 21-24, 1966: IEEE International Convention, Coliseum & New York Hilton Hotel, New York, N. Y.; contact J. M. tions Officer, Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, Kinn, IEEE, 345 E. 47 St., New York, N. Y. 10017 London, W.C.2, England ~[ar. 24-26, 1966: 4th Annual Symposium on Biomathematics ~hy 10-12, 1966: 16th Annual National Telemetering Con and Computer Science in the Life Sciences, Shamrock Hilton ference, Prudential Center, Boston, Mass.; contact Lewis I rotel, Houston, Tex.; contact Office of the Dean, Div. of \Vinner, 152 W. 42 St., New York, N. Y. 10036 Continuing Education, Univ. of Texas Graduate School of Biollledical Sciences at Houston, 102 Jqse Jones Library May 16-20, 1966: Australian Computer Conference, Canberra, Bldg., Tex. Medical Center, Houston, Tex. 77025 A.C.T., Australia; contact S. Burton, Honorary Secretary, P.O. Box 364, Manuka, A.C.T., Australia :-'lar. 29-31, 1966: ACM Symposium on Symbolic and Alge hraic Manipulation, Sheraton-Park Hotel, Washington, D. C.; May 18-20, 1966: 29th NMional Meeting of the Operations contact Miss Jean E. Sammet, IBM Corp., 545 Technology Research Society of America, Los Angeles, Cali£,; con Sq. Cambridge, Mass. 02139 tact Dr. John E. Walsh, System Development Corpora Apr. 12-14, 1966: International Quantum Electronics Con tion, 2500 Colorado Ave., Santa Monica, Cali£. 90406 krence (Sequel to 1963 Meeting in Paris), Towne House, June 15-17, 1966: 1966 IEEE Communication Conference, PhoC'nix, Ariz.; contact Lewis Winner, 152 W. 42 St., New Sheraton Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa.; contact Lewis Winner, York, N. Y. 10036 152 W. 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10036 (;OMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 57 C&A CLASSIFIED COLUMN 3,200,381 / Peter Kuttner, Philadelph~a, NEW PATENTS Pa. / Sperry Rand Corp. / Memory Use economical C&A Classified Ads RAYMOND R. SKOLNICK System Utilizing Thin Magnetic Films. to buy or sell your computer and data Reg. Patent Agent 3,200,385 / Herbert Frazer Welsh, Phil processing equipment, to offer ser adelphia, Pa. / Sperry Rand Corp. / Ford Inst. Co., Diu. of Sperry Rand vices to the industry, to offer new Magnetic Drum Recorder Including A Carl)., Long Island City 1, New York business opportunities, to seek new Landing Track. positions or to fill job vacancies, etc. The following is a compilation of patents pertaining to computers and as August 17, 1965 sociated equipment from the "Official Rates for Classified Ads: 90~ per word - minimum, 20 words. First Gazette of the U. S. Patent Office," 3.201,614 / Jack Saul Cubert, Willow line all capitals - no charge. dates of issue as indicated. Each en Grove, Pa., and Francine Joy Wein try consists of: patent number / invent traub, Somerdale, N. J. / Sperry Rand Corp. / Logic Circuit. Blind Ads: Box Numbers acceptable or (s) / assignee / invention. Printed 3,201,767 / Edward Michael Bradley, at $4. 00 additional to cover costs of copies of patents may be obtained from Stevenage, England / International handling and postage. the U.S. Commissioner of Patents', Washington, D.C. 20231, at a cost of Computers and Tabulators Ltd., Lon don, England / Magnetic Storage De 50 cents each. Send copy to: Computers and Auto vices. mation, 815 Washington Street, New 3,201,769 / Lawrence G. F. Jones, Balti tonville, Mass. 02160. Telephone: more, Md. / Sperry Rand Corp. / In 617 -332-5453. formation Storage Device. August 3, 1965 (Continued) Deadline for Classified Ads is the 3,199,082 / Luther H. Haibt, Croton-on August 24, 1965 10th of the month preceding issue. Hudson, N. Y. / IBM Corp. / Memory System. 3,202,806 / Robert S. Menne, Morris 3,199,084 / Arthur J. Gehring, Jr., Had town, N. j. / Bell Telephone Labora donfield, N. ]., and Lloyd Wesley tories, Inc. / Digital Parallel Function Stowe, Broomall, Pa. / Sperry Rand Generator. Corp. / Data Translator. 3:202,835 / John N. Barr, Detroit, INFORMA TION SYSTEMS Mich. / Square D Company, Park SPECIALIST. Newly created career August 10, 1965 Ridge, Ill. / Electrical Logic Control position in Environmental Health Element. Dept. of our national headquarters. 3,200,378 / Robert W. King, Endicott, 3,202,97i / Gerrit Anne Blaauw, Pough We seek a graduate with a B. S. or N. Y. / IBM Corp. / Data Input / keepsie, N. Y. / IBM Corp. / Data M. S. in science with a good inter Output Device. Processing System Programmed By In disciplinary undergraduate or grad 3,200,379 / Paul D. King, Pasadena, and struction And Associated Control uate background in liberal arts. Ex Robert S. Barton, Altadena, Calif. / Words Including Word Address Mod perience in information systems or Burroughs Corp. / Digital Computer. ification. 3,200,380 / Duncan N. MacDonald, Ar science is highly desirable but not cadia, Calif., Edward Glaser, Newtown August 31, 1965 necessary. Functions include train Square, Pa., and Fred W. Bauer and ing in information sciences, respon John J. Dowling, Altadena, Douglas T. 3,204,111 / Claude Chemia, Saint-Cloud, sible for organization of information Kielty, Monrovia, and Paul D. King, and Claude Manus, Gifsur-Yvette, resources and procedures, classi Pasadena, Calif. / Burroughs Corp., France and Marcel Etter, Carouge, fication of agents, conditions and Detroit, Mich. / Data Processing Sys Geneva, Switzerland / Normacem, Par effects, literature search and re tem. is. France / Log-ic Device. search on a demand basis, develop ment of summaries, abstracts and bibliographies and electronic data processing. Excellent benefits in ADVERTISING INDEX cluding penSion program. Send detailed resume and salary require Following is the index of advertisements. Each item con ments to: American Medical Associ tains: Name and address of the advertiser / page number ation, Personnel Department, 535 where the advertisement appears / name of agency if any. N. Dearborn, Chicago, Ill. 60610 American Telephone & Telegraph Co., 195 International Business Machines Corp., Hous Broadway, New York 17, N. Y. / Page 2/ ton, Tex. / Page 56 / Benton & Bowles, Inc. SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES N. W. Ayer & Son, Inc. International Business Machines Corp., Data analysts and programmers experi W. H. Brady Co., 743 W. Glendale Ave., Processing Div., White Plains, N. Y. / enced in business, manufacturing, Milwaukee, Wisc. 53209 / Page 3 / Frank Page 6 / Marsteller Inc. management, information systems, lin/Mautner/Advertising International Data Corp., 355 Walnut St. , Brandon Applied Systems, Inc., 30 E. 42 St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 / Page 11 / - etc. Needed to fill 57 ~mmediate New York, N. Y. 10017 / Page 8/ - National Cash Register Co., Main & K Sts., staff to supervisory openings with California Computer Products, 305 Muller Dayton, Ohio 45409 / Page 38 / McCann national clients. Salaries $9, 000 Ave., Anaheim, Calif. / Page 60 / Adver Erickson, Inc. to $14,000. Expenses paid. tisers Production Agency L. A. Pearl Co., 801 Second Ave., New York, Longberry Employment Service, Computron Inc., 122 Calvary St., Waltham, N. Y. 10017 / Page 57 / - 603 Niles Bank Building, Niles, Mass. 02154 / Page 4 / Larcom Randall Prestoseal Mfg Corp., 37 -12 108 St., Corona, Advertising, Inc. N. Y. 11368/ Page 47 / Spiegel & Laddin, Ohio. (216) 652-5871. Dialight Corp., 60 Stewart Ave., Brooklyn, Inc. N. Y. 11237 / Page 57 / H. J. Gold Co. Sanders Associates, Inc., Nashua, N. H. / Forms, Inc., Willow Grove, Pa. / Page 59 / Page 53 / Deutsch & Shea, Inc. Elkman AdvertiSing Co., Inc. Teletype Corporation, 5555 Touhy Ave. , General Electric Co., Computer Dept. , Skokie, Ill. 60078 / Pages 20, 21 / The Phoenix, Ariz. / Page 24 / Deutsch & Fensholt Advertising Agency Shea, Inc. 58 COMPUTERS and AUTOMATION for January, 1966 <.' Medial strips are pure, 100% waste. FORl\fSCARDS are the only continuous tabulatiiig cards made without a medial strip between the cards. That's important to you and here's why: Consider the medial strip. By itself, it weighs next to nothing. But 100,000 medial strips are equal to the weight· of 15,384 FORMSCARDS, the cards without strips. How much money do you waste shipping medial strips around? - The medial strip is only ~If wide. But now look at 100,000 medial strips. That's quite a bit of footage. In fact, in the time it takes to process 100,000 conventional cards with medial strips, you can process 107,692 FORMSCARDS. How much time do you waste processing medial strips? The same applies to all your continuous tabulating card operations. You waste time bursting medial strips. You waste time storing them. And finally, when you're all through shipping, processing, storing and bursting medial strips, you have to waste more time and money throwing the miserable things out. FOHMSCARDS don't have medial strips. They're all business, no waste. They work perfectly at any speed over any high-speed printer-any bursting equipment. They're available in 20 different • • sizes and with as many mUltiple copies as required for your system. They come to you 94 • scaled in ,1lastic for shipping and storing protection and they have advantages you didn't: "'0 •• dream 11Ossible. • TJ_rms Inc: night now, drop us a line and we'll send you our brochure telling the whole amazing • • FOUMSCARD story. Or, if there's a rush, give us a call. F I W'll G P I h orms, nc., 1 ow rove, enna. :'@; Phone: OLdfield 9-4000/ Area code 215. ''''''"'''.., ...... 1.'',.'' ...., -...... &1 hl.I.~ ..... l. Designate No. 13 on Readers Service Card k;' t.r:~ '... ,.". Another industry has learned that a computer com equipment will benefit the apparel industry. "Piece bined with CalComp plotting equipment can speed work" efficiency-relating wages to time-will be production and increase operating efficiency. plotted as a cost control tool. Sales charts of fore Catalina, Inc. has demonstrated that a sample size casts measured against current orders will provide swimsuit pattern can be "size graded" (modified a graphic hedge against over-production. and produced in various sizes) in about 1/6th CalComp pioneered the development of automatic the time required manually. One man in one plotting of charts, graphs, maps or drawings from day grades a maximum of 2 swimsuit patterns. computer data-providing pictorial presentations A computer and CalComp's Curve Follower/ instead of extensive, and often less meaningful, Plotter grades a minimum of 12 patterns in a day numeric or alphahetical listings. Among the many J. -automatically and with precise accuracy .. applications today: traffic studies, weather maps, I The Curve Follower/Plotter, leased by Catalina, brain waves, mechanical drawings, oil field contour Inc. at $3,000 per month, eventually will he followed maps, highway profiles and jet engine performance by an automatic "marker," now being perfected curves. by CalComp to optimize the placement of pattern If you own, or have access to a computer, chances parts on material for maxImum use of cloth. are you need a CalComp plotter, too. Write The automatic pattern is but one way the CalComp "Marketing" for further details. . . Designate No. 15 On Readers Service' Card