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Bram Fischer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 3 Bram Fischer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Abram Louis Fischer , commonly known as Bram Fischer , Apartheid in South Africa (23 April 1908 Bloemfontein - 8 May 1975 Bloemfontein) Events and Projects was a South African lawyer of Afrikaner descent, notable for anti-apartheid activism and for the legal defense of anti- Sharpeville Massacre apartheid figures, including Nelson Mandela at the Rivonia Soweto uprising · Treason Trial Trial. As Nelson Mandela has said in Long Walk to Rivonia Trial · Mahlabatini Declaration Church Street bombing · CODESA Freedom, Fischer was one of the bravest foes of apartheid St James Church massacre because he gave up more than others: a life of privilege that Cape Town peace march · Purple Rain would have resulted from his pedigreed Afrikaner birthright Organisations and a virtually guaranteed senior position in the apartheid government if he had wanted it. Instead, he chose a very ANC · IFP · AWB · Black Sash · CCB different path as is described below. In Country of My Skull Conservative Party · ECC · PP · RP Antjie Krog writes, "He was so much braver than the rest of PFP · HNP · MK · PAC · SACP · UDF us, he paid so much more, his life seems to have touched the Broederbond · National Party lives of so many people - even after his death.” COSATU · SADF · SAP People Contents P. W. Botha · Oupa Gqozo · D. F. Malan Nelson Mandela · Desmond Tutu 1 Early years F. W. de Klerk · Walter Sisulu Helen Suzman · Harry Schwarz 2 Professional and political years Andries Treurnicht · H. F. Verwoerd 3 Imprisonment and death Oliver Tambo · B. J. Vorster 4 Works about Fischer Kaiser Matanzima · Jimmy Kruger 5 External links Steve Biko · Mahatma Gandhi Joe Slovo · Trevor Huddleston Early years Places Bantustan · District Six · Robben Island Fischer came from a prominent Afrikaner family; his father Sophiatown · South-West Africa was Percy Fischer, a Judge President of the Orange Free Soweto · Sun City · Vlakplaas State, and his grandfather was Abraham Fischer, a prime Other aspects minister of the Orange River Colony and later a member of the cabinet of the unified South Africa. Afrikaner nationalism Apartheid laws · Freedom Charter Prior to studying at Oxford University (New College) as a Sullivan Principles · Kairos Document Rhodes scholar during the 1930s, he was schooled at Grey Disinvestment campaign College and Grey University College in Bloemfontein. South African Police During his stay at Oxford, he travelled on the European continent, including a trip in 1932 to the Soviet Union. In a letter to his parents during his trip, he noted similarities between the position of Russian farmers that he encountered along the Volga river and South African blacks. In 1937, Fischer married Molly Krige, a niece of Jan Smuts; the couple had three children. Molly herself became involved in politics and was detained without trial in the state of emergency declared after the Sharpeville massacre. In 1963, Bram and Molly were driving to Cape Town for their daughter's 21st birthday. Bram swerved the car to avoid hitting an animal on the road. The car veered off the road and overturned into a river, causing Molly to drown. Bram was devastated and inconsolable, devoting himself more than ever to his secret life as a leader of the Communist Party. Professional and political years http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Fischer 24/01/2010 Bram Fischer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 3 Fischer joined the South African Communist Party ("SACP") in the 1940s and soon rose to leadership positions within the party. The SACP had a close relationship with the African National Congress ("ANC") and in 1943, Fischer co-authored revisions to the constitution of the ANC. In 1946 he was charged with incitement arising out of his position as a leader of the SACP and the African Mine Workers' Strike of that year. [1] Fischer played an integral role on the defense team in the Treason Trial of 1956-1961 where Mandela was acquitted and led Nelson Mandela's legal defense team at the Rivonia Trial of 1963- 1964. The life imprisonment sentence handed down to Mandela, instead of the death penalty the state prosecutor Dr. Percy Yutar had been asking for, was considered a victory for the defence. International pressure also played a role. At this time, Fischer's secret life as a Communist leader planning the overthrow of the apartheid government was unknown even to his closest white friends. Fischer was arrested in September 1964 and charged with the crime of membership of the SACP. He was released on bail to handle a case in London. He had promised to return to face trial and did so despite pressure put in him to forego his bail and go into exile. He returned to South Africa and attended his trial in which he was the first accused. One day, after proceedings began, he did not arrive at Court and instead sent a letter to his counsel, Harold Hanson which was read out in court. He wrote: "By the time this reaches you I shall be a long way from Johannesburg and shall absent myself from the remainder of the trial. But I shall still be in the country to which I said I would return when I was granted bail. I wish you to inform the Court that my absence, though deliberate, is not intended in any way to be disrespectful. Nor is it prompted by any fear of the punishment which might be inflicted on me. Indeed I realise fully that my eventual punishment may be increased by my present conduct..." "My decision was made only because I believe that it is the duty of every true opponent of this Government to remain in this country and to oppose its monstrous policy of apartheid with every means in his power. That is what I shall do for as long as I can..." He went underground and was struck off the advocate's roll in 1965 in a trial completed in his absence. Advocates Harold Hanson, Sydney Kentridge and Arthur Chaskalson defended him at the hearing. While Fischer was a principled man, his unquestioning and uncritical commitment to communism bordered on naivety. This is very clear from Fischer's Choice (also referred to below). Imprisonment and death Fischer carried on underground activities for almost a year. He was arrested in 1966 (nine months after his return to South Africa) on counts of violating the Suppression of Communism Act and conspiracy to commit sabotage. He was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1967. During his incarceration, he contracted cancer. A fall induced by the effects of the cancer in September 1974 left Fischer with a fractured neck femur, partially paralysed and unable to talk. It was not until December of that year, that the authorities had him transferred to a hospital. When news of his illness was publicised, the public lobbied government for his release. Fischer was placed under house arrest at his brother's home in Bloemfontein in April 1975. He died a few weeks later. The prisons department had Fischer's ashes returned to them after the funeral and they have never been located. Works about Fischer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Fischer 24/01/2010 Bram Fischer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 3 of 3 Burger's Daughter , a novel by Pulitzer prize and Nobel prize winner and fellow South African, Nadine Gordimer , is based on the life of Bram Fischer's daughter; he is the "Burger" of the title. Fischer is also the subject of Stephen Clingman's Bram Fischer: Afrikaner Revolutionary , which won the Alan Paton Award in 1999, and Martin Meredith's Fischer' Choice . South African director Sharon Farr's documentary, Love, Communism, Revolution & Rivonia - Bram Fischer’s Story , won the Encounters Film Festival Audience Award for Best South African Documentary in August 2007. In 2003 Fischer became the first South African ever to be posthumously reinstated to the Bar. In 2004, despite opposition from alumni and management, Fischer was awarded a posthumous honorary degree by Stellenbosch University New College (University of Oxford), where Fischer was a student, holds an annual Bram Fischer Memorial Lecture to honour his legacy. External links 1. ^ SA Communist Party SA History http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence- projects/organisations/sacp/chronology.htm SACP bio of Bram Fischer, with picture Bram Fischer's "A Message from Underground" First Bram Fischer Memorial Lecture, by Nelson Mandela on June 9, 1995 "The Rivonia Trial" - article by Sunder Katwala from The Observer, dated Sunday, February 11, 2001 http://www.mg.co.za/article/2003-10-16-bram-fischer-reinstated-on-roll Bram Fischer on Roll http://www.lrc.org.za/Articles/Articles_Detail.asp?Art_ID=205 Bram Fischer posthoumusly reinstated to roll of attorneys http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=qw1099930862755B216 Academic fight brews over honours for Fischer http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,9294,2-7-1442_1620129,00.html Fischer issue comes to a head [http://"The Problem of Communism in Southern Africa", in Paul Trewhela, Inside Quatro: Uncovering the Exile History of the ANC and SWAPO, Jacana Media, Johannesburg, 2009] Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Fischer" Categories: 1908 births | 1975 deaths | People from Bloemfontein | Afrikaner people | Members of the South African Communist Party | Lenin Peace Prize recipients | South African Jews | Anti- apartheid activists | South African lawyers | Old Greys | South African Rhodes scholars | University of the Free State alumni This page was last modified on 26 December 2009 at 12:11. 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