United Nations 53rd GENERAL PLENARY MEETING

ASSEMBLY Wednesday, 3 November 1976, THIRTY·FIRST SESSION at 11 a.m. Official Records NEW YORK

CONTENTS Council was unable to impose an arms embargo on South 4 . Page Africa owing to the triple veto cast in the Council by the Agenda item 52: United States, the United Kingdom and France-a shameful Policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa episode in the history of these three countries, which (continued): (a) Report of the Special Committee against Apartheid; uphold the principles of international law, human riglits (b) Report of the Secretary-General . 877 and self-determination when regimes within their orbit are ~ .\ not involved but flout the same principles whenever their President: Mr. Hamilton Shirley AMERASINGHE racist allies and regimes maintaining cultural, economic and (Sri Lanka). political relations with them, like South Africa, Rhodesia and Israel, are concerned.

3. The policy of apartheid and racial segregation is not AGENDA ITEM 52 only an affront to mankind and human dignity, but also a violation of all human, moral and cultural values. it is also a Policies of apartheid of the Government of South Africa crime which has no less grave significance or results than (continued): nazism or any other ideology based on racial, religious or (a) Report of the Special Committee against Apartheid; cultural superiority. And if the international community (b) Report of the Secretary-General decided to pass judgement on the criminals of nazism and I to condemn them to death for their crimes against mankind 1. Mr. ALLAF (Syrian Arab Republic) (interpretation from Arabic): The fact that the representative of the racist because of their belief in the doctrine of racial superiority, regime of South Africa has been forced to be absent from why does the same community hesitate to judge the this hall since the twenty-ninth session is a firm response by criminals ofapartheid because of the crimes they perpetrate the international community to the odious, immoral and against the African people in conformity with the doctrine racist policies practised by a shameful minority of mankind of superiority based on race or colour? which, 011 the threshold of the twenty-first century, still acts 4. The doctrine of apartheid was adopted for the first time with a morbid racist mentality unprecedented in history and in 1948 in the platform of the National Party of the white related to the obscurantist times of the Middle Ages and the minority in South Africa. Indescribable crimes and suffer­ era of imperialism. The measure taken by the General ings have been engendered by this policy against the black Assembly in refusi.g to approve the credentials of the majority representing more than ~O per cent of the representatives of the Pretoria regime at the twenty-ninth population. This policy of segregation is based on race and session faithfully reflects the will of the international colour and on this distinction between the communities community and of the overwhelming majority of peoples, involved. In the area of utilization of pubJic services, of as embodied in the General Assembly. transportation and of living areas and in the exercise of 2. This decision, which is responsible and cornpatible with political and civil rights, all this has-engendered unfortunate the purposes and principles of the United Nations, is all the results as the non-white population has been considered more important and significant as the Security Council has alien in its own territory-a population considered as cheap constantly failed to exercise its responsibilities as regards labour and subjected by a Western minority of racists the crimes committed by the racist regimes, whose last dominating the country by fire and blood. The white racists bastions are in southern Africa and in western Asia. The have practised the poJicy of apartheid with cruelty unprece­ Security Council has been unable to take the steps provided dented except in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, whose for in the Charter to put an end to the dominance of the policy based on racial superiority was regarded by the racist white minority and its oppression of the peoples of majority of white leaders as admirable and inspiring. A few Azania and Namibia, or indeed, to the aggression perpe­ may remember today-after more than 30 years-the phrase trated against the Arab peoples of Palestine, because of the pronounced during the Second World War by Vorster, the collusion of certain Western Powers, permanent members of present Prime Minister of the Government of Pretoria, as that Council, and their exercise of the veto. Those countries narrated by Sarah Millin in her book The Reeling Earth: 1 encourage the forces of aggression and the racist forces that "We stand for Christian socialism, which is an ally of , .. wish to repress the freedoms of people and prevent them national socialism. You can call it the anti-democratic from being enfranchised and from being masters of their principle, if you wish. In Italy it is called fascism; in own destiny. In fact, the right of veto as contemplated in Germany I national socialism; and in South Africa, Chris­ the Charter should be used for the purposes of maintaining tian soclalism."? international peace and security and safeguarding the rights of peoples to self-determination and independence. On 1 London, Faber and Faber Ltd., 1945. 19 October 1976, at its 1963rd meeting, the Security 2 Quoted in English by the speaker.

877 A/3IfPV.53 and COff.1

-- .__ .- .....~ ..... --... j 878 General Assembly - Thirty-fint Session - Plmary Meetings S 5. The mutual understanding between the various racist 9. The survival of the racist regime that exploits the regimes based on segregation of peoples for reasons of people is to be explained not by the strength of the regime r colour, race or religion is norma! and understandable itself as much as by the support and encouragement it because these regimes are extremely isolated from contem- receives from the great Powers and other racist regimes that o porary society, which is based on t~e principles of play the same role elsewhere in the world. The regime could self-determination, freedom and sovereignty. These regimes not for long yearshave defied the international community 1 .need to co-operate and to conclude alliances in order to and flouted the United Nations Charter and the principles emerge from their isolationism and to delay as long as of international humanitarian law without the military and possible the fatal deadline,embodied in the elimination of economic support provided publicly and secretly by certain colonialism by the liberation movements that are crushing Western Powers and certain racist regimes. The first part of all the imperialist and racist regimes, and justly so. Their the report of the Special Committee against Apartheid manoeuvres will not succeed and the racist regimes and /A/31/22J submitted to this session of ilia General those who would hoodwink the peoples will see their Assembly has shown in great detail the various types of efforts doomed to failure. co-operation and transactions between racist South Africa and these Powers, particularly the United States, France, 6. An example of these efforts is the sham independence the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom and IJ \ proclaimed on 26 October last of a fictitious entity called Israel, in all areas, including the nuclear area. the Transkei. Other examples are the manoeuvres of the Ian Smith regime' that wants to prevent the transfer of power to 10.•It is ironic that all these countries that deal with the w the legitimate black majority in Rhodesia. The resolution, South African regime pretend to oppose apartheid or adopted by the General Assembly {resolution 31/6AJ condemn this policy. At the same time, they are not almost unanimously refused to endorse this comedy of the ashamed to supply the racist regime of Pretoria with so-called independent republic of the Transkei. This deci­ constant assistance, thereby enabling it to, practise the sion was an affront to the white racists and their agents, policy of apartheid and to emerge from the isolation that is, the tribal leaders co-operating with them to apply imposed by the United Nations and by peace-loving this policy of bantustanization because they are intimidated countries. These allies of the racist South African regime, in or confused by this policy. This is a sham republic and it co-operating with it, pretend that they have no dealings has not been recognized by a single country since its bogus with the Pretoria regime as a government, but that they independence was accorded. I shall not refer to the fact cannot prevent commercial corporations and private enter­ that the United States of America did not wish to prises operating in that country from continuing to do so. participate in the resolution that rejected recognition of the Transkel, We are used to seeing this country acting in an 11. Israel takes pride of place among the countries that are isolated fashion and whenever a decisive resolution is accomplices and allies of the Pretoria regime, so that the presented concerning the fate of peoples, their freedom and Special Committee against Apartheid has been forced, in their self-determination, the United States has voted against the span of 24 months, to publish four successive reports on the development of relations and co-operation between re it or, with a handful of other countries, has abstained in the sta vote: the regimes of Tel Aviv and Pretoria. The first3 was published after the Israel diplomatic mission in South Africa was raised to embassy level in March 1974; the c 7. None the less we believe that it does not suffice to second", after co-operation was intensified between the s adopt a unanimous resolution for the international com­ racist regimes in October 1974; the thirds, after the private munity to reject the Transkei conspiracy. We must exert visit of the Minister of the Interior of South Africa to Israel pressure on the South African regime by all available means in June 1975; the fourth /A/31/22/Add.2J, after Vorster, because this comedy of the Transkei is only the first the Prime Minister of the racist regime, visited Israel in chapter in the comedy of the bantustans, spawned by the April 1976. This last report, drawn up by the Sub-Com­ white minority regime to dominate the people of Azania mittee on the Implementation of United Nations Reso­ and Namibia. If a part of this conspiracy is crowned with lutions and Collaboration with South Africa of the Special success, this would substantially endorse the policy of Committee against Apartheid, should be carefully and t apartheid. That would be a tragic success of the white thoroughly studied by all countries struggling against SI minority regime that wants to destroy the unity of the apartheid. If this report interests all third-world countries, fl people of Azania in order to prevent it from recovering the and particularly the non-aligned countries, it becomes power devolving upon it in South Africa and Namibia. This doubly important to African and Arab countries, because it 15. will enable the implementation of a conspiracy imposed on marks the historical and ideological roots of the unholy bec the bantustans, resulting in the ultimate alienation of the alliance between the racist Zionists and the racists of South nat' population of the country, in Azania and Namibia. Africa. thi ati 8. Moreover, it is impossible to ensure the autonomous 12. Indeed, if the alliance between the great imperialist be~ development of the economy of these bantustans, as they Powers and the Pretoria regime was born of common will be cheaply exploited by the whites without any imperialist interests, and in implementation of the imperial­ guarantee for the African workers, who outside the ist plan to set up bases in the most important strategic bantustans are treated as foreign migrantworkers. The area regions in the third world, the alliance between Israel and of the bantustans amounts to only 13 per cent of the total area of South Africa, while the Africans, who are the 3 See document A/AC/.IlS/L.383. legitimate owners of that country, amount to more than 80 4 See document A/AC/.IlS/L.396. per cent of the population. S See document A/Ae/.IlS/L,4ll. I t

------_.S3rd meeting - 3 November 1976 879 South Africa, in addition to the considerations that I have yesterday, 2 November. Also, General Hertzog, the Prime mentioned, is based on the ideological and organic inter­ Minister of the coalition Government of South Africa in relationship between the racist entities and an identity of 1936-not to be confused with his homonym General "mission" between the racists of the Middle East and those Chaim Herzog, the first military Governor of the West of South Africa. Bank, who today represents the Zionist entity in this 13. The racial exclusiveness of the racists of South Africa Organization-adopted a resolution supporting the creation is like the religious purity of the Zionists. The Zionists, like of a national Jewish homeland in Palestine and promised to the Afrikaaners, believe that they are the chosen people, encourage that Zionist plot against the Pale-stinian people although the elements and bases of this choice differ: for before the League of Nations. When the criminal act of the the Zionists it is religious and racial superiority, and for the partition of Palestine took place in 1947, South Africa was Afrikaaners it is racial superiority. The result is the same: one of the only two African States which voted in favour of the occupation of a region by colonial invasion at the that resolution [181 (11)), which was adopted at that time expense of the indigenous inhabitants, who have been by 33 votes to 13, with 10 abstentions. either uprooted and driven from their homes, or oppressed I 17. Since the creation of Israel, relations have continued and subjugated by the invaders, and subjected to every kind to develop between Tel Aviv and Pretoria and reached JJ I of racial and religious repression. In an article published on dangerous proportions since the Israeli aggression in 1967, 29 May 1968 in the Die Burger review, the spokesman of and particularly in the last three years after the October the South African National Party described this analogy War of 1973. In fact in the last three years the South wen: African-Zionist alliance has acquired unprecedented public "Israel and South Africa have a common lot. Both are and official status. Zionist military officials such as General engaged in a struggle for existence and both are in Moshe Dayan and-guess who? -Chaim Herzog, represen­ constant clash with the decisive majorities in the United tative of the Zionist entity in the United Nations and Nations. Both are reliable foci of strength within the General Meir Amit went one after the other to South region, which would, without them, fall into anti-Western Africa, and the Pretoria regime responded to these visits by anarchy. It is in South Africa's interest that Israel should sending its Interior Minister to Israel twice, in June 1975 be successful in containing her enemies, who are among and in March 1976. Even better, Vorster, the head of the our own most vicious enemies; and Israel would have all racist movement, went himself to Israel in April 1976, the world against it if the navigation route around the accompanied by his Foreign Minister and a vast entcurage. Cape of Good Hope should be out of operation because The visit by Vorster inaugurated the escalation of the South Africa's control is undermined. The anti-Western unholy alliance between Israel and South Africa in a way Powers have driven Israel and South Africa into a that threatens not only the Arab people in the occupied community of interest which had better be utilized than territories and the African people in Azania and Namibia, denled.?e but all Arab and African peoples and the third world as a 14. The organic link between Israel and South Africa was whole. recognized in November 1970 by Jewish Affairs, which 18. The South African regime during the Vorster visit stated: concluded vast and dangerous agreements with Israel in the "The argument that Israel and South Africa have a basic scientific, military, economic and industrial areas. I shall community of interest in the Middle East and further not, of course, refer here in detail to these agreements or to south has more than a grain 'of truth in it. There is the development of relations between the two regimes, nothing secret or sinister about it. The strong ties particularly on the technical and military scale, because

between the two countries, closer than ever since the these details were mentioned in the report and documents I 1967 war, are inseparable from their geographic and of the Special Committee against Apartheid, particularly strategic position, from their anti-communist outlook and the latest report. from all the realities of their national existence. . .. In short, the destinies of the two countries, so different in 19. But I should like to quote from an article in the many ways, but so alike in the fundamental conditions of Johannesburg Star of 17 April 1976: their survival, are interwoven in a much more meaningful " ... [the pact} goes well beyond the usual trade and sense than any enemy propagandist could conceive, or, co-operation agreements which normally round out a for that matter, would be happy to see.,,6 state visit between friendly countries ... at the root ofthe pact Is a mutual exchange of materials and military 15. The unholy alliance between Israel and South Africa is know-how which both countries desperately need. For becoming increasingly close, despite the repeated condem­ both, it is virtually a question of survival. Very likely that nation of racist policies and practices, or even because of is the strongest imperative of all."6 this condemnation. The mutual understanding and co-oper­ ation between the Zionists and South Africa existed long But in its editorial of 14 April 1976 the Rand Daily Mail before the creation ofIsrael in the Arab region in 1948. revealed the strategic aims of Vorster's visit: 16. In fact, General Smuts, the Minister of Defence of the "By achieving a publicly announced economic, scien­ Union of South Africa, was among those most enthusiastic tific and industrial pact with Israel he has done far more about the immoral Balfour Declaration of 1917, which than merely formalize bonds that have, in any case, been promised a national homeland for the Jews in Palestine, the growing stronger. He has, in fact, acquired for South fifty-ninth anniversary of the proclamation of which was Africa a public friend. an avowed ally, at a time when this country confronts an increasingly hostile world and an 6 Quoted in English by the speaker. increasingly Black Africa."6 , ~. _.-~-_....- ...... -...... ,..) I t

880 General Assembly - Thirty-firstSession - Ple9ary Meetings 20. In the light of these outrageous admissions concerning If Israel, the most odious aggressor in modern history, is the organic link between the Zionist and racist r.egimes, we not ashamed of speaking of aggression and, if the Zionists, can only be stunned at the audacity of the Zionist past masters of international terrorism, and their experts representative when, for once he decided to participate in throughout the world do not hesitate to speak of terrorism, the apartheid debate, he devoted 18 pages of his statement then is it at all surprising that the representative of the most {49th meeting) to expressing hatred of the Arabs and odious regime next to nazism and apartheid, a regime which injecting the poison of his rancour, trying to divide the has uprooted a whole people from its native land and Arab and African peoples, putting forward all kinds of lies, turned them into 3 million martyrs, refugees and oppressed distorting and fatsifying reality -18 pages on their policy of victims of foreign occupation, is it surprising, I say, that the apartheid and its latest developments during which he did Prime Minister of that regime should speak of democracy. not once criticize the apartheid policy of the South African regime and never mentioned the development of the 25. With regard to democracy and the dreams of the situation, never spoke of the Transkei or of oppression or Zionist Prime Minister with regard to diplomatic relations repression or bantustans. with Syria, only one obstacle stands in the way of its realization, namely the Zionist entity. If this Zionist entity 21. This General himself was one of the heroes of the disappears, if the Arab lands are freed from occupation and strengthening of relations between his own entity and aggression, if the Palestinian people recovers its lands and South Africa. Instead of hiding in shame after irrefutable its rights, who knows? documents and arguments that revealed this unholy alliance between the two regimes, he resorts to the practice tha t 26. The Syrian Arab Republic struggles in both the "attack is the best defence" and he applies the famous Arab national and international areas by all available means proverb which says, "Eat them at lunch before they eat you against injustice, oppression, occupation, fanaticism and up at 'dinner". racial segregation, wherever these scourges are to be found. We have supported the struggle of all peoples for freedom 22. But it has escaped the Zionist representative that his in all struggles undertaken by the peoples in Asia, Africa cause is doomed from the start, because the involvement of and Latin America. We believe that the struggle for freedom his entity vis-a-vis the South African regime is so flagrant is indivisible and that the victories of the national liberation and serious that it can never be concealed, no matter how movements in a third-world region can only have reper­ violent the attack. The organic Iink between the two cussions on the struggles waged by other liberation move­ centres of racism, Pretoria and Tel Aviv, is well known to ments in other areas of the world. all. It has become common knowledge and no one can conceal these facts, not even the Zionist or Israeli officials. 27. In the context of this policy, Syria, with all available The Israeli representative has not attempted to camouflage means, supports the national liberation movements in this organic relation between his regime and that of the Azania, Namibia and Zimbabwe, as indeed it supported white racist minority-but, resorting to all kinds of lies, he other liberation movements in Angola, Mozambique and attempted to reduce the scope and gravity thereof. The Guinea-Bissau, until these movements were crowned with only tool he used to defend himself has been the following: success. The Syrian Arab Republic knows perfectly well "Why condemn Israel, only Israel? We are not the only that, through its support of the national liberation move­ ones to have dealings with the South African regime and to ments in Africa and the struggle of the African peoples, it is have relations with it. If you want to condemn, then also supporting and promoting the struggle of the Arab condemn everyone." As I have mentioned earlier, the people of Palestine and the struggle of all Arab peoples international community has condemned all countries and waged for half a century against zionism and its ally, regimes that deal with the Pretoria regime, including certain imperialism. Syria, which was the first country in the world great Powers. to sign the International Convention on the Suppression .and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid [resolution 23. However, the condemnation of Israel assumes a 3068 (XXVIII)], continues its struggle against imperialism particularly important character because of the perfect and racial segregation in all its forms and manifestations, analogy in the policies pursued by the two racist regimes because it is an active member of the Special Committee and the manner in which they practise colonialism and against Apartheid and the Special Committee on the racial discrimination at the expense of the indigenous Situation with regard to the Implementation of the population and, more importantly, because of the dangers Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial this alliance represents for the African continent from one Countries and Peoples as well as the Co-ordinating Bureau end to the other and for the Middle East region. of Non-Aligned Countries. It is also a member of the League of Arab States and the Islamic Conference of Kings 24. Within the framework of his fierce campaign against and Heads of State and Government, as well as of all all that is Arab, the representative of the Zionist entity international and regional forums. My delegation, aware of attacked my country by quoting an excerpt from a its responsibilities in the Special Committee against Apart­ statement made by his Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin, to heid and the decolonization Committee, declared its the Israeli journal Ha 'aretz on 30 }~pril 1976: support for and its sponsorship of the draft resolutions submitted by the African countries under item 52, draft "If. .. Syria should want to establish diplomatic resolutions A/31/L. 7-14. relations with Israel, we shall not tell the Syrians that, as 10:1g as there is no democracy in Syria, we shall not 28. T'ie time of imperialism and racism has come to an maintain diplomatic relations with them." /49th meeting, end and we are witnessing the dawn of a new world free of para. 119.} any racist ideology or religious superstition. The Pretoria

- "~ _,Coo ~ S3rd meeting - 3 November 1976 881 33. My delegation is gratified that this Assembly has condemned this tragic embryo of the policy of apartneid and separate development by refusing last week to recog­ nize the bogus independence of the so-called Transkei. Such a crisis cannot be solved by mutual recriminations or by an apportionment of blame. A solution requires recon­ ciling ourselves to the reality of the situation, and we are gratified that this step by the Pretoria regimewas immedi­ ately understood for what it was and has been dealt with on its merits.

34. But this is not enough. What continues to happen in South Africa today is bestial. It is very grave; it is provocative; indeed, it is a continuous incitement to Africa., What is involved is a challenge to the very basis of African

., (I independence. And who is to blame? Some of the very champions of human rights. Continuous events in South Africa and two-faced dealings with the Pretoria regime lead Africans to question a great many intentions of some Western countries towards the Government of the white minority in that part of the world. Those countries which, 30. In this regard, it is worth recalling the words of the in an attempt to protect their global interests-what they freedom fighter, Amilcar Cabral, when he said, call economic and strategic interests in the South African subcontinent that should be defended-have regrettably not "The people are not fighting for ideas, for things in only failed tu shoulder their international responsibilities anyone's head. They are fighting to win material benefits, but have also continued to provide the Pretoria Govern­ to I've better and in peace, to see their lives go forward, menc with economic and military support. One really to guarantee the future of their children." wonders whether those countries are not wearing blinkers 31. For years, the General Assembly has been appealing to as they look at the realities in South Africa and whether the Government of South Africa to comply with the they are not missing the recent lessons to be derived from resolutions of the United Nations. Instead, the white that part of the world, where turmoil and suffering minority regime of South Africa continues to defy inter­ continue and where the African population is focusing with national opinion and to deny the African people, the ever-growing strength and awareness on the last remnants of legitimate owners of the land, their elementary rights and a world imperialism. Such short-sightedness on the part of decent living as human beings. Apartheid is the root-cause European capitals continues to be an encouragement to the of the present deteriorating situation in South Africa, and it Fascist :"egime of Pretoria and as such is deplored by the is evident that .the complete eradication of apartheid in all whole of Africa. its forms constitutes the only positive contribution to resolving the African problem in that part of the world. 35. No country or block of countries has mastery over the march of history. Those who may venture to think 32. And yet, in order to perpetuate and extend its policy otherwise should have realized this' when they were proved of apartheid, South Africa proceeds to implement its wrong in Mozambique and Angola. They should have had bantustan policy by proclaiming what it calls the indepen­ their eyes opened by the heroic uprising of the populations dence of Transkei, by which it emphasizes its determination of Soweto, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth, who showed to flout international opinion and all the laws of justice, that the victory of the African people is not far away. The humanity and the conscience of men. With the creation of determination of the South African people to achieve their the so-called independent entity of Transkei, the Pretoria liberty and independence cannot be described better than Government apparently intends to give its inhuman ban­ in the words of a young South African freedom fighter who tustan policy a different form and shape, while attempting only yesterday stated to a Western correspondent that "in to obscure the real purpose and intention of its act, which this struggle, we will have to tighten our belts. Some will in essence is nothing more than a racist and colonialist fall by the wayside. It is all along the road to freedom." measure amounting, in the final analysis, to an attempt to Indeed, it is all along the way to freedom. enhance and consolidate the economic and political domi­ nation of the regime over the vast majority of Africa. In 36. In accordance with our obligation to maintain and this regard, Mr. John Gaetsewe, General Secretary of the serve international peace and security, in accordance with South African Congress of Trade Unions, could not have the Charter of the United Nations, we have repeatedly been more clear when he wrote: urged the international community tu take cognizance of the realities in South Africa and the grave and dangerous "The lack of economic viability of the bantustan is a situation which is gathering great momentum there. With corner-stone of the apartheid policy of the South African particular emphasis, we have asked certain countries to alter Government, for it assures the continued supply of cheap their present approach to the problem and to refrain from black labour to white South Africa. The original African any steps and practices that might encourage the Pretoria reserves, which formed the basis for the bantustans, were regime to continue with its ghastly, deplorable and in­ artificial entities created by the white man in order to human policy. Only by isolating the South African Govern­ provide labour reservoirs for the white economy." ment in all fields-political, economic, military, cultural and -,-, -, ) ~''- ._~_...__ .-. . -- ...... 882 General Assembly - Thirty-rust Session - Plenary Meetmgs moral-can we hope to approach a peaceful solution to the only way left tc them and to us to get rid of this abhorrent problem and perhaps reduce future suffering for innocent crime which besets the African continent. human beings. - 40. Mr. AKE (Ivory Coast) (interpretation from French): 37. But, Israel is of course taboo. The Israeli represen­ My delegation is pleased with the General Assembly's tative seems to be convinced that, by raising his voicelouder decision to consider this year the question of apartheid .than the others, he can be treated more equally than the directly in plenary meetings and to invite the liberation others. This shall not be the case. If we venture to add movements of South Africa to take part in these debates as Israel to the list of collaberators with the racist regime of observers. This decision. thus expresses the will of the South Africa, we are told by the Israeli representative here Assembly to attach to this debate the emphasis and the that we are being selective and discriminating. Indeed the importance demanded by present circumstances, given the Israeli representative threatens to make a point of not acuteness of the problem. Above all, it is a tribute paid to " . allowing the General Assembly to continue along this line the oppressed black people of South Africa for its long and any longer. Yet this time, the Israeli representative at least arduous struggle for freedom and human dignity. made one admission. Israel, he said, has a share in trade with South Africa-he says it is a negligible one. I should 41. The policy of apartheid of the South African Govern­ like to remind the Israeli representative that a share-any ment has always been a source of serious concern for us, share, no matter how small it is-in co-operation with the Members of the United Nations, for the international racism, hatred and human indecency is still a very great community and for all men of goodwill who make laudable share. efforts to put a speedy end to this odious policy which affronts our consciences and wounds our dignity as men 38. Furthermore, where does Israel stand on the moral and as blacks-a policy which poisons inter-African and fight? What attitude did Israel adopt towards the successive international relations and constitutes a threat to peace and appeals of the Special Committee against Apartheid? Let security in Africa and, hence, in the world. us, without taking a lot of time, examine the Israeli voting during the thirtieth session of the General Assembly as 42. The policy of apartheid of South Africa is so regards the question of racism, when, on the implemen­ well-known and has been so thoroughly deplored there is tation of the programme for the Decade for Action to no need for us to recall the misdeeds of that inhuman Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination {resolution policy that allows a minority of white racists to keep in 3377 (XXX)}, Israel voted "No". On the world conference slavery millions of Africans, who only aspire to live in peace to combat racism and racial discrimination {resolution and freedom in their own country. The explosive situation 3378 (XXX)}, Israel voted "No". On the elimination of all which obtains in South Africa is exemplified by events of forms of racial discrimination {resolution 3379 (XXX)}, these recent months and requires that the international Israel voted "No". On women's participation in the community urgently adopt the necessary measures to strengthening of international peace and security and in the prevent the situation from degenerating into a racial war. It struggle against colonialism, racism, racial discrimination, is clear that the 20 million blacks in South Africa cannot foreign aggression and occupation and all forms of foreign for ever accept domination by 4 million whites; nor are domination {resolution 3519 (XXX)J, Israel voted "No". they ready to accept that the whites should indefinitely On the situation in South Africa Iresolution 3411 G deny them their right to freedom, equality and justice. (XXX)}, Israel voted "No". On equality between men and women and elimination of discrimination against 43. With the accession to independence of Mozambique women {resolution 3521 (XXX)}, Israel voted "No". On and Angola, that haven of apartheid and racial discrim­ the special responsibility of the United Nations and the ination that is South Africa and Southern Rhodesia has international community towards the oppressed people of undergone upheavals. Thus we have witnessed the disinte­ South Africa {resolution 3411 C(XXX)], Israel was absent. gration of the last bastion of racist and colonialist exploi­ On the question of the bantustans Iresolution 3411 D tation which has done such harm to Africa. (XXX)], Israel was absent. On the status of the Interna­ tional Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of 44. With the events in Soweto, Alexandra and elsewhere, Racial Discrimination {resolution 3381 (XXX)], Israel was the whites of South Africa have become alarmed and absent. On the adverse consequences for the enjoyment of puzzled. In fact the protest movement by students in human. rights of political, military, economic and other Soweto last June spread to the whole country. Johan­ forms of assistance given to the colonial racist regimes in nesburg, the economic capital, was itself paralysed as a southern Africa {resolution 3383 (XXX)], again Israel was result of strikes. Then what appeared to be a passing revolt absent. against the introduction of Afrikaans in schools actually became both the political awakening of an oppressed and 39. I believe it is nobody's fault that Israel adopted this muzzled people and the most effective action yet taken line in voting last year. We listened some days ago to the against apartheid. Even some chiefs of bar:tustans, hitherto voices of the true representatives of the peoples of South considered tame, challenged the very bases of that detest­ Africa from this very rostrum. They have given this able system and now even say that they do not wish to give Assembly a clear picture of the magnitude of the crimes up their rights as South African citizens by birth or their committed by the murderous regime in South Africa. They share of the economy and the country's wealth, which they reaffirmed their determination to liberate theh peoples have built up in common. from the yoke of fascism and racism. Therefore, it is imperative that we should help them by all possible means 45. The situation became so explosive that the highest to achieve their lofty goal. The heroic struggle they are religious authorities of the country broke their silence in launching against the forces of evil and destruction is the order to ask officially for the abolition of the racial laws. S3rd meeting - 3 November 1976 883 'rent Thus in an open letter to the Government of Pretoria signed or in another South African city will widen the gap eh}: by Cardinal McCam and 80 eminent members of the between the two communities and reduce the already slim ily's clergy, Catholic authorities asked that every being born in chances fer a harmonious multiracial society. The South held South Africa should have the right to vote, that preven tive African authorities must be convinced that the violence tion detention should be governed by the same rules for all with which they meet the claims of blacks can only bring inhabitants without distinction as to colour, that segregated about an even sharper retaliation that will not spare them. ~s as the areas and migrant worker status should be abolished, and They should realize that, by trying to "hold on to the that mixed marriages should be allowed. everything, they may lose everything, as has already been the the case in some regions. The blacks of South Africa ask d to ... 46. On the other hand, Methodist pastors requested the only for freedom, justice, respect for their dignity, and and World Methodist Council to grant them the right to preach equality with all other inhabitants of South Africa without racial equality in their sermons since they realized how distinction as to colour, race or religion, an equality which grave the situation was for their country. makes it possible for all citizens to participate in the affairs ern­ of the country. Is such a demand unlawful or excessive?' , us, 47. Thus the South African regime was attacked by circles Surely not, and the white South Africans know this very mal which had so far been silent. While the mobilization of all well. Then, why do they not abandon their inhuman policy, able these forces is shaking the foundations of apartheid, the abolish their discriminatory and restrictive laws, free the tich authorities in Pretoria persist in their perversity by pursuing political prisoners and promote the return of political nen a policy which has been condemned by the international exiles, so that all together may work in constructing a and community as a crime against humanity. Furthermore, to multiracial South African society based on equality and and enslavement, repression, humiliation, arrests, arbitrary fraternity. detentions and condemnations, we can add today the killings at Soweto, Alexandra and other South African 52. Everything has been said, and well said, about apart­ so cities which, after Sharpeville, have become symbols of the heid. My delegation would, however, like to recall briefly 'e is uprising of the black people of South Africa against its position on certain aspects of the problem. The Ivory nan apartheid Coast condemns the odious policy of apartheid, which is l in based on the denial of the concept of equality among races .ace 48. We cannot but condemn most emphatically the and which is an insult to the dignity of the black man and lion executions and massacres that have plunged so many of the human person, and a violation of the principles of s of families into mourning. Blind repression will not end the the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of mal rising tide of South African nationalism. Sooner or later, Human Rights. The Ivory Coast rejects any action aimed at to nationalism will triumph and, unless care is taken, it will perpetuating that system, such as the policy of "home­ r. It triumph to the detriment of those who have sent soldiers lands" and "bantustans". In that respect, we wish to affirm not against innocent victims. that we consider null and void the independence of are Transkei and we reject in advance any similar independence tely 49. When peoples are as oppressed and frustrated in their of any other bantustan. self-esteem and their dignity as are the blacks of South Africa, when they are deprived of their most elementary 53. The Ivory Coast recognizes the legitimacy of the que rights, and particularly the right to live freely in their own struggle of liberation movements to achieve their just 'im­ country, when men and women are persecuted and im­ demands. It supports any struggle, convinced that the has prisoned for no valid reason, when they do not even have problem of apartheid is essentially one of human nature He­ the right to voice their resentment over the injustices and hence a human solution must be found for it through Ioi- inflicted upon them, and when they find that their only peaceful means. It will continue to advocate means likely to salvation is through violence, then we say that they are contribute to alleviating the suffering of South African right because this is the only recourse their oppressorshave populations and to preserving peace in Africa. It reaffirms ire, left to them. We understand and we share their motivations, the right of the people of Namibia to self-determination md even though by conviction we are opposed to violence. and independence and considers that this Territory should in obtain early independence in unity and with its territorial an­ 50. The present revolt is the embodiment of South integrity intact. In that regard it urges South Africa, which s a African nationalism which has now resolved to oppose the has shown a spirit of co-operation in seeking a peaceful 'olt violence engendered by apartheid with violence. Neither the solution for the problem of Southern Rhodesia, to show lily education given within the framework of the policy of the same spirit with regard to Namibia, by working out md separate development nor arbitrary persecution and arrests with the United Nations the ways and means by which that ten 'iave been able to prevent those men and women of South Territory will attain independence. It urges South Africa to rto Africa from having new ideas and becoming men and put an end to its policy of defiance of the United Nations ~st· women aware of their rights and their responsibilities and and to co-operate with it in order to find a peaceful ive determined to assert them through all available means. solution to outstanding problems, thus regaining its place as .eir a member of the international community. ICy 51. If the whites of South Africa persist in their obstinacy and refuse to accept today's realities, they will not delay 54. Many delegations taking part in this debate, in the change now due. There may be a respite in the violence, particular the African delegations, have expressed their ~st but the anger and the hatred of the blacks will only come concern over the increase of the military potential of South in out of it intensified, too strong to be contained by the Africa due to the co-operation in that field it receives from vs. so-called riot police. The coming years will only be a certain major Powers. We share that concern and we ask nightmare for the whites. Every black who falls in Soweto those Powers to take them fully 111to account in their , 884 General Auembly - Thirty-first Session - Plenary Meetings relations with South Africa, if they do not wish to be position as permanent members of the Security Council, accused of complicity in the massacres we have decried. have paralysed the Council and prevented it from taking effective, mandatory action that is capable of being SS. The struggle against apartheid is a noble cause and implemented, and secondly, upon the shoulders of those requires of all of us that we work for the rapid elimination other States which have continued-snotwithstanding the lip of this policy. It entails sacrifices on the part of all States service they pay to the principles of the United Nations and that believe in racial equality and consequently demands of their verbal condemnation of apartheid,-to aid and abet them that they place the interests of the South African apartheid by maintaining and indeed expanding their people above their trading interests. No Member State can relations with the racist regimes in South Africa. remain indifferent to apartheid and its misdeeds, nor can it ignore the grave dangers that that policy entails for peace. 60. The question naturally arises, Why this anomaly? .. ' ..We appeal to all States having an influence on the What are the reasons, what are the grounds, on which these Government of South Africa to make it understand that its Powers justify this positio ~J which is incompatible with freedom of action to bring about a peaceful change is their condemnation of apartheid? Vv'i; have been told­ narrowing and that it must adopt the radical measures whether in this Assembly or in the various Committees in necessary to eliminate apartheid quickly and to enter into which the question of apartheid was discussed-that one negotiations with the South African nationalists to lay the reason why some Governments continue to deal with the basis for a South African multiracial society. The present racist regime in South Africa is that it would be better to conflicts are the prelude to a gory racial conflagration have a bridge open to the regime in order all the better to having incalculable consequences. That is the reason why influence it to alter, or at least to mitigate, its policies. In we continue to believe that if goodwill and courage are to other words, we are told it is a practical decision for the be found among the authorities of Pretoria, they will be sake of practical consequences. Now, if this is a practical able to contribute, even now, to the establishment of a and logical policy, it must be judged in terms of its practical climate ofpeace and mutual confidence between blacks and consequences. What have been the consequences of this whites in South Africa by putting an end to apartheid. claim that by keeping a bridge to South Africa open one can all the more influence it to alter, or at least mitigate, its 56. For its part, the Ivory Coast will spare no effort to aid abominable racism? in its own way its black brothers fighting in southern Africa. It is a le:itimate struggle for self-determination and 61. What we see is that, on the contrary, racism has been national unity in Namibia and Zimbabwe, a legitimate on the increase in South Africa. The consequences are that, struggle to ensure respect for human rights and human contrary to the expectation that South Africa could be dignity in South Africa. The Ivory Coast will spare no influenced to mitigate its obnoxious racism, it has been effort to make South Africa see reason. escalating the manifestations of that racism. A better case could be made for the contrary proposition then, the 57. Mr. ALSAYEGH (Kuwait): In the holy traditions of proposition that by enfeebling the regime, you debilitate it Islam, there is a saying which I would like to choose as the to the point where it cannot withstand the international theme of my delegation's statement this morning. I cannot pressures on it to diminish and then abandon its racism. aspire to give a faithful, literal rendition into English of the inimitable original in Arabic, but I shall do my best to 62. In the light of the practical application of this policy, translate it roughly into English and the saying goes then, it is not the belief that, by maintaining relations with something like this: South Africa, one can influence it to alter its policy and mitigate its racism that applies but rather the opposite "Whoever among you witnesses iniquity, let him pro­ principle. ceed swiftly to smite it with his hands. If unable to do so, let him at least condemn it with his tongue for everyone 63. Another argument that has been heard, both in to hear. If unable to do even that, let him at least plenary meetings and also in some Committees, is that trade condemn it in his heart, and, verily, that is the most and normal relations are not tantamount to assistance. I feeble form of righteousness." must confess that this hair-splitting does not appear to me to be very convincing. Any relation that has the effect of 58. The tragedy is that, confronted with the abomination strengthening the recipient regime must be viewed as a form of apartheid for 30 years, this Organization, representing of assistance, whether it is intended to be so or not, the international community ~ despite its ideals which are whether it is openly described as such or not. utterly incompatible with the iniquity of apartheid, has largely contented itself with that most feeble form of 64. Among the States which have chosen to maintain and righteousness-with condemnation in its heart and con­ indeed expand their relations with the racist regime in demnation with its tongue, instead of smiting swiftly with southern Africa, there was one, namely, Israel, whose the hand. representative appeared before this Assembly two days ago . " /49th meeting) trying to defend his Government's ex­ 59. That is a tragedy, which merits an analysis of its causes pansion of its ties with South Africa by adopting, in fact, and implications for the United Nations and for the cause an aggressive attitude both towards the General Assembly ofhuman dignity, for which the' United Nations stands. It is as a whole, and towards certain groups of countries, in certainly not impossible to prove that the responsibility for particular. the United Nations confining itself to the level of the most feeble form of righteousness falls, first, upon the shoulders 65. Of course, that came to my delegation as no surprise. of those States which by their abuse of their privileged The representative of Israel had already announced his S3rd meeting - 3 November 1976 885 , Council, intention of doing so in an interview which appeared in the those boats. It is precisely because Israel has chosen to im taking Jerusalem Post on the day on which this session of the accelerate, expand and widen its relations with South of being Assembly opened. I read from the article which states: Africa at the very time when apartheid is becoming more , of those brazen and repressive and when the international com­ ing the lip "United Nations Ambassador Herzog on South African munity is seeking to increase the isolation of South Africa rtions and ties: best defence is good offence. that Israel should be singled out for discussion. and abet ~ ~ ing their "Israel plans to cite detailed information on ties 70. Furthermore, these relations serve South Africa's between third-world countries and South Africa as a way interests, not only Israel's interests. For example, take the of hitting back at critics of its own links with Pretoria. Vorster visit. We are told by Israeli correspondents in South nomaly? ...' The Israeli counter-attack will highlight the hypocrisy of Africa-I refer specifically to the article by Benjamin uch these singling out Israel for attack in this regard when the Pogrand, writing from South Africa to the Jerusalem Post, ible with majority of States, including black African States and on 20 April 1976-that: en told- Eastern European countries, have broad and lucrative "The very fact that Mr. Vorster went to Israel came as a nittees in links with South Africa. Ambassador Herzog, in Israel this surprise. Not many countries in the world have been -that one " ., week for consultations prior to the Assembly, says he has willing to have South African leaders pay official visits. with the found 'attack the best form of defence during his year of The Israeli visit, when it became known, received support better to service in New York." better to here as being desirable from South Africa's point of view in helping the country to break out still further from its llicies. In 66. Ambassador Herzog repeated his promise in a speech international isolation." n for the that was reported in the New York Post on 19 October practical 1976, when we were told: practical When we are told by the representative of Israel that many I of this "Herzog warned that, if there were an attempt to link leaders of many countries visit other countries, what he ipen one Israel to South African racism by condemning Israel's forgets is that there are certain visits that have implications, .igate,its trade with South Africa, he would have no option but to motivations and consequences which must be judged publicize a full account of all trade by other United accordingly and must not be viewed as normal routine visits Nations Members, including Arabs and Africans, with the by the leader of one country to another country. has been South African regime". are that, 71. South Africa selected this very moment to send its .ould be 67. I was therefore not surprised to hear what the Prime Minister to Israel because that was a way of ias been representative of Israel had to say the other day. To select appearing to break out of its international isolation. The tter case the strategy of attack as the best form of defence is his same thing emerges from the analysis by the correspondent ien, the privilege, but to manifest that policy by distortion, de­ of the Christian Science Monitor at Cape Town. In an iilltate it liberate falsification of facts, innuendo, and diversion of article on 14 April, he wrote: national attention from the issue at hand-that is apparently a "Coming at a time when Mr. Vorster's detente initiative ism. specialty, a specialty in which he excels. in Africa seemed endangered by the war in Angola and the crisis in Rhodesia, the pact with Israel is considered a s policy, 68. We were asked by the representative of Israel why diplomatic break-through that could give new directions ons with Israel should be singled out. Why single out Israel for its and a fresh impetus to South Africa's outward policy." licy and relations with South Africa? A serious question merits a >pposite serious reply. And I think we should point out the An Israeli writer in Israel corroborates this. Naomi Chazan following facts in reply to that question. First, Israel alone, in the Jerusalem Post of 20 April writes: among the countries of the world, has chosen precisely the loth in moment at which the international community is seeking to "One cannot help wondering what motivates the South at trade increase the isolation of the racist regime in South Africa to African desire to foster closer relations with Israel. tance. I expand and escalate its own relations with South Africa, Clearly the paramount South African consideration is one r to me and therefore to de-isolate South Africa. That is one reason of pragmatism. Its beleaguered regime considers any ffect of why Israel merits singling out-if that is what is happening formalization or improvement of diplomatic relations a I a form here. triumph." or not, 69. Precisely the year 1976-the year which will go down From Jerusalem, from Cape Town, from New York, the in history as the year of Soweto and Transkei, the year in analysts all agree that the visit had a signiflcance and that ain and which the Security Council several times involved itself in significance was to dramatize South Africa's breaking out ~me in the questions of South Africa and in which the General of the isolation in which the international community has whose Assembly for the first time began to deal with the question sought to place it. ays ago in plenary meetings and to hear the representatives of the . " It'S ex- liberation movements concerned-that same year was chos­ 72. A further reason why Israel should be singled out is in fact, en by Israel to be the year in which to receive the first that it has given a dimension to its relations with South. sembly South African Ambassador in January, to receive several Africa that is particularly sinister. Israel is using-and I shall ries, in Ministers from South Africa, to wine and dine the Prime show how-its tremendous capability to influence world Minister of South Africa in April and to announce in public opinion, particularly in the Western countries where August that it was beginning to build certain gunboats, South Africa is concerned about its image, to whitewash irprise. certain missile boats, for South Africa and to train 50 apartheid, to whitewash the system in South Africa. Last :ed his members of the South African Navy in Israel in the use of summer the Israeli Ambassador to South Africa,

} 886 General Assembly - Thirty-rust Session - Plenary Meetings ~8S '<,

Mr. Yitzhak Unna, played host to 12 Jewish editors from lead first to expulsion of the whites and then to years and I to the United States and gave them instructions which were perhaps decades of mutual slaughter by the country's ' rth later followed to the letter. Let me first quote what he told rival black tribes." Jre them to do and then I shall quote what some of them did in un­ response to that orchestration. One of the editors asked 76. The particularly sinister aspect of Israel's relations ica Mr. Unna the following question-and I quote now from with South Africa is that Israel attempts to utilize its Jewish Press of Brooklyn of 18 June 1976, whose editor capabilities, which no one considers to be inconsiderable, in was among the group present: its influence upon the media in order to whitewash a's apartheid and make it seem less sinister, less objectionable, the "Mr. Ambassador, is it your view that, because of the less irrational, and less inhuman. ith special relationship between South Africa and Israel, it is tin the obligation of the Jewish communities in America, 77. The representative of Israel said that trade between -st, Israel, or for that matter, anywhere, to look favourably Israel and South Africa is negligible-I believe he said two upon South Africa? " fifths of 1 per cent. Wha! he did not remember is that the sa And his reply was: figures mentioned in paragraph 54 of the report [A/31/22/ en Add.2] do not include the information provided in ts. "South Africa has its short-comings, but I do believe paragraph 57, which says that trade in diamonds, amount­ )rt that such a visit as yours here will enable you to have an ing to some $100 million dollars a year, is "not included" ~w honest look at South Africa. You will be able to, I think, in the statistics given in paragraph 54. So, to the figures its divorce hostile propaganda from the reality of the noted in the table in paragraph 54 must be added the figure situation, which I believe is far more sanguine than the of $100 million given in paragraph 57. Furthermore, what propaganda, the anti-South African propaganda slant, the representative of Israel did not mention is the fact that ny tends to make out. And if you, in your various papers, figures change, and during the 10 years reported on in he present an accurate and sincere picture, as you see it, of paragraph 54, there has been a tenfold increase in Israel's 1S, South Afirca, you will be doing South African/Israeli imports to South Africa. This trend is not negligible; it is ( ed relations a service; you will be doing South Africa a unmistakable, significant and meaningful. its service." 78. Or take the question of military aid. This is the glib This was the directive given to them by the Israeli way in which it was dismissed in the text of the speech of Ambassador in South Africa. its the represen tative of Israel: of 73. And how did they do? How did they obey? How did he they follow the orchestration? One of them, writing in "The most blatant example of this kind of hypocrisy is nt Jewish Press, wrote: the allegation of Israeli arms sales to South Africa." [49th an meeting, para. 146.] "Israel's Ambassador has been shuttling from Johan­ nesburg to Cape Town sending subtle yet unmistakable Allegation? Who made the allegation? It was the Israeli ve signals. When asked about apartheid the Ambassador says Government-owned, Government-controlled, Government­ 1d only that it is important to divorce hostile propaganda operated radio "t.ation that made the "allegation". Is that I a from reality, which translated into the vernacular seems an "allegation" . dismissed as an act of hypocrisy? If ns to be saying: 'Cool it on criticizing South Africa.' " the Israeli Government engages in "allegations" against its iriterests, surely it is not acting as shrewdly as we have been The editor then proceeds to say: accustomed to consider it to act. "Allegations", says the "Certainly it seems to be the height of moral hypocrisy representative of Israel; and then he says: t'l criticize them for utilizing a system that was in "I urge each and every one of you to open the Military th practice in our own country, in the United States, less Balancet on pages 44 and 45 and read the list of tanks, el. than a decade ago. It is et problem that can and must be artillery, aircraft, destroyers and submarines that com­ ne dealt with gradually. The complexities defy the easy pat prise the large and modernly equipped armed forces of 1Y solutions that come so glibly when one is at a distance of South Africa. It is quite evident that it is not Israel that a 9,000 miles away. . supplied them." [ibid.] " 79. The representative of Israel thinks that he is "kidding" ~e "Unna's subliminal message is the right one": a white- a naive group of children. The reports are that the first of at wash ofapartheid. the boats will be delivered next January to South Africa by ut Israel. Obviously, if they are going to be delivered next as 74. The statement by the Israeli Ambassador is followed January, they are not going to appear on pages 44 and 45 faithfully by the Jewish correspondents whom he had of the Institute for Strategic Studies' report. And clearly invited for that very purpose. the numbers of sailors from South Africa being trained in is 75. Another correspondent, this time writing in a column Israel, as the Israeli Radio said, and the numbers of Israeli th. paratroopers training South African soldiers, as General ill in Jewish Week, Mr. Stone, criticizes the Liberals who suggest that South Africa turn to gradual equality, and he Amit confessed, are not going to appear in a list of tanks Id and aircraft. ' re says: ;h "Equality between a primitive but overwhelming black 7 The Military Balance: 1976-1977 (London, International Insti­ st majority and an advanced white ruling minority would tute for Strategic Studies, 1976). a, S3rd meeting - 3 November 1976 887 80. My Government has'not urged the United Nations to its Chairman, its Rapporteur and its members for their adopt a policy which it itself has not been prepared to activities. We endorse all their recommendations and, when implement in practice. It gives me great pleasure, therefore, they are put to the vote, we shall vote in favour of all the before 'concluding to outline some of the positions that my draft resolutions so far circulated which reflect the thinking Government has taken towards South Africa and apartheid. and the recommendations of the Special Committee First, having acceded to the International Convention on against Apartheid. the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination fresolution 2106 A (XX)], more than eight years ago, my 83. Mr. KOH (Singapore): My Government "opposes and Government decided last summer that it would soon accede condemns the apartheid policy of the Government of South to the International Convention on the Suppression and Africa. We do so because we recognize racial prejudice as a Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid f resolution dangerous disease threatening the healthy development of 3068 (XXVIII)} as well. Secondly, my Government has on the human race and racial discrimination as an unmitigated a number of occasions, the latest of which was the evil of society. The policy ofapartheid is based upon racial statement made by my Foreign Minister, during the general prejudice and racial discrimination. It is the most thorough, debate on 30 September f 12th meeting], advocated apply­ the most systematic and the worst form of racial discrimi­ ing coercive measures under Chapter VII of the Charter to nation practised anywhere in the world today. compel South Africa and Southern Rhodesia to relinquish their policies of apartheid and colonialism and to comply 84. The evil of racial discrimination is not, however, 'with the United Nations resolutions. Thirdly, as early as 13 unique to South Africa or confined to southern Africa. It is years ago, on 1 October 1963, my Government closed its unfortunately present in many parts of the world. There­ airport to all South African aircraft. It closed its seaport to fore, as we oppose and condemn the apartheid policy of the all ships belonging to South Africa or sailing under its flag. Government of South Africa, we must equally resolutely As early as 1 October 1963, more than 13 years ago, my oppose and condemn racial discrimination wherever it rears Government voluntarily established its own embargo and its ugly head. prohibited exports of crude oil to South Africa. As for the export of crude oil to South Africa, not one drop of oil 85. A few days ago, on 26 October 1976, my delegation under the control of my Government has gone to South joined 133 other delegations in casting an affirmative vote Africa for the past 13 years, since 1 October 1963. Next, on draft resolution A/31/L.5. What is the basis for our there has never been nor is there at present any political, opposition to the bantustan policy? Why have we withheld diplomatic, consular, trade or other relations between my our recognition from the Transkei? We oppose the ban­ Government and South Africa or the illegal regime in tustan policy for at least five reasons. First, we oppose it Rhodesia. because it is not a policy freely chosen by the majority in South Africa. It is a policy imposed on the majority by the 81. On the positive side, my country has regularly minority. Secondly, we oppose it because it is intended to contributed to the United Nations Trust Fund for South deprive the black citizens of South Africa of their rights Africa, United Nations Educational and Training Pro­ and privileges as citizens. The policy will have the effect of gramme for Southern Africa, United Nations Fund for disenfranchising them in their own country. Thirdly, we Namibia, and the United Nations Trust Fund for Publicity oppose the bantustan policy because it seeks to create 10 against Apartheid. I could add, too, that my Government's ghetto states for the black population of South Africa. The assistance to the liberation movements concerned, which is 10 black ghetto states or bantustans will have only 13 per known to those movements, will not be a subject of cent of the land for 80 per cent of the population of South boasting by my Government in this statement or in any Africa. Fourthly, the bantustan policy will arrogate to the other statements before the Assembly. My Government has white population of South Africa', who constitute only 16 not, then, at any time asked others to d.o what it was itself per cent of the total population, 87 per cent of the land not prepared to do. Of course, the representative of Israel and a disproportionate percentage of the resources of the had something to say the other day about a London country. Fifthly, we oppose the bantustan policy because, company which has Kuwaiti capital. He made it sound-I in the final analysis, it is a policy designed to perpetuate the believe the words he used-"the principal shareholder of evil of racial prejudice and racial discrimination. that company was .Kuwait" . At another time, he said, "Kuwait controls" that company, or he said that "Kuwaiti­ 86. Why should we withhold our recognition of the controlled" company. There is a company in London in Transkei? Is it because the Transkei does not possess the which private Kuwaitis have a minimal share, a share which characteristics of a State under international law? In my is certainly not a controlling interest. That company, which submission we should reject the Transkei and withhold our traditionally has had dealings with southern Africa almost recognition not for reasons of law but for reasons of exclusively, is not under the control or influence of Kuwait. political morality. We have argued that the bantustan policy The moment Kuwaitis became parties in its holdings, they should be opposed. We reject the Transkei because we used their influence to divert the operations of that reject the foundation on which it stands. The super­ company, with the result that now the bulk of that structure must fall because the substructure is unsound. company's operations are in 20 independent African States and the share of that company's operations in southern 87. What can we, the representatives of Member States, do Africa has become totally negligible and minimal. in order to bring about a change in the racial policy of the Government of South Africa? How can we support those, 82. In conclusion, we commend the work and the report within South Africa, who are struggling for a new social of the chief international agency concerned with apartheid, order, a new order free from racial prejudice and racial namely the Special Committee against Apartheid. We salute discrimination? I begin my answer to this question by

1 wa:; d. t. z It.al

888 Gene:al Assembly -1'h!rty-fint Session - Plenary Meetings emphasizing that the struggle against apartheid is one which economic matters we will be satisfied with nothing less will be won or lost by the people of South Africa. The than equality of opportunity in every sphere, and the struggle against apartheid must be waged primarily by the enjoyment by all of those heritages which form the people of South Africa. It is they who must assume the resources of the country which up to now have been principal burden and the primary responsibility for the appropriated on a racial 'whites only' basis. In culture we struggle against apartheid. will be satisfied with nothing less than the opening of all doors of learning to non-segregated institutions on the 88. We who are on the outside can assist their struggle. We sole criterion of ability... We do not demand these can assist their struggle in a number of different ways. First, things for people of African descent alone. We demand 1 we should continue to disseminate information on apart­ them for all South Africans, white and black. On these heid as widely and as effectively as possible. In this way, we principles we are uncompromising." .... 9 arouse international public opinion and maintain the can S international community's uhanimous judgement that 92. Towards the end of Alan Paton's novel, cry the apartheid is an evil policy. Secondly, we should maintain Beloved Country, the venerable Zulu patriarch, Msimangu, and even increase international pressure against South "who had no hate for any man", looks out across the Natal Africa. Thirdly, we should seek to intensify the isolation of hills and says heavily: •I South Africa. To this end, my delegation would appeal to all States which currently maintain political, military, " ... I have one great fear in my heart, that one day economic, cultural, sports and other forms ofcollaboration when they [the whites] turn to loving they will find we with South Africa to consider reducing such collaboration, are turned to hating."8 and if possible, eliminate them altogether. Fourthly, we 9 should support the activities of the United Nations Special 93. Mr. HESS (United States of America): This year's b Committee against Apartheid. Fifthly, we should, each debate on apartheid takes place in the lengthening shadow h within our means, render material and other forms of of confrontation and violence in South Africa. Over 300 S assistance to the victims of apartheid and to South African lives have been lost, countless others have been injured. st movements opposed to that policy. Hundreds more have been detained, many for no reason n other than that they oppose apartheid. The people of the 89. I should like to end my statement by asking, What United States mourn with those who have lost their brave future lies ahead for South Africa? My answer is that two young friends and children. The position of my Govern­ different futures lie ahead for South Africa. The people of ment has been made clear by Secretary of State Kissinger in South Africa, especially the white minority, stand at a a speech in Philadelphia on 31 Augrst when he said: critical juncture in their history. They must choose which one of two roads they wish to travel. They can choose the "South Africa's internal structure is incompatible with road of racial prejudice and racial discrimination. This will any concept of human dignity. We are deeply saddened lead inevitably to the intensification of racial conflict. At by the recent and continuing clashes in black urban the end of this road I foresee violence and bloodshed. townships, universities and schools throughout South Africa. They are dramatic evidence of the frustration of 90. I see another future for South Africa-a future free of black South Africans towards a system which denies them racial prejudice and racial discrimination. I see a new South status, equality and political rights. No system that leads Africa in which all men and women, irrespective of their to political upheavals and violence can possibly be just or race, colour and creed, are brothers and sisters, with equal acceptable, nor can it last. The United States must be true rights and privileges, living side by side and caring for each to its own beliefs. We urge South Africa to take accour, t other. The white South African author, Alan Paton, valiant of the conscience of humanity. We will continue to use all opponent of apartheid, shares this vision. He has described our influence to bring about peaceful change, equality of the South Africa he wants in the following words: opportunity and basic human rights in South Africa." "The first thing I want is to be able to live in a street where any other South African could live. I should like to 94. The United States has not wavered from this position, have as my neighbour any other South African who nor will it. In taking this position, we recognize that no wanted to live there... I should like to worship in a nation or political system can claim a perfect record in the church where one could see with one's eyes the unity field of human rights. We are all too keenly aware that which Christ commanded. . .. I look for the day when respect for the dignity of the human being is declining in the words 'South Africa' will fill every South African too many countries in nearly every region of the world and with pride, because that will be the day when no South that this General Assembly, which is dedicated to universal African is being hurt or humiliated or deprived or principles, frequently applies them in a highly selective privileged by reason of his colour or race." fashion. At a time when consciousness of human rights violations is increasing, so too is the number of States 91. Alan Paton's vision of a new South Africa is shared by where fundamental standards of human behaviour are not . '. many black and Coloured leaders of that country. It is a observed. The situation in South Africa, founded as it is on vision which inspired the late Chief Albert Lutuli, This is a racially discriminatory legal system, is of particular what he said: concern and commands our attention and our condemnation, "In government we will not be satisfied with anything less than direct individual suffrage and the right to stand 8 See Alan Paton, Cry, the Beloved Country (New York, Charles for and be elected to all organs of government. In Scribner's Sons, 1950), p. 276. Slrd meeting - 3 November 1976 889 95. United States policy is dedicated, .elf-determination our country, I am a private citizen of the United States and for all and is opposed to violations of human rights, one of three persons chosen by the President and the wherever they may occur. We shall continue to use what Senate to be a public member of our delegation. I, too, influence we have to bring about peaceful change, equality have listened to the great debate in this Assembly for nearly of opportunity and basic human rights for all South a week and from time to time I have heard an inflection in Africans. To this end, we shall continue to enforce the voice of wise speakers that I have found troubling; and rigorously our comprehensive arms embargo against South perhaps that unease that I felt was most properly put in Africa, which we first imposed in 1962 and broadened in context by the last speaker when he concluded by quoting 1963. from that inspiring novel by Alan Paton, cry the Beloved Country, when the black priest-and may I just quote those 96. We are concerned that, unless substantial changes in beautiful lines again-said, you will recall: " ... I have South African society are forthcoming, the violence will one great fear in my heart, that one day when they turn to increase and inevitaly destroy a rich and productive loving they will find we are turned to hating." And so my, country capable of providing for the economic and social personal prayer is that we may somehow seek justice in needs of all its citizens. This would be a tragedy for all South Africa without in turn losing our sense ofhumanity •I South .Africans, We urge the South African Government to or our capacity to love. make decisions necessary to dismantle the apartheid system and to respond positively to the urgent need for genuine 98. The PRESIDENT: I should like to inform the As­ freedom for all its people. sembly that, at the request of the Chairman of the Special Committee against Apartheid and with the agreement of 97. If I might just add one very brief personal note the Chairman of the Special Political Committee, it has because of the very moving conclusion of the statement we been arranged that a mm dealing with the events in Soweto have just heard from the distinguished representative of in June this year will be shown in this hall tomorrow Singapore. This is in the nature of a people-to-people morning. statement, not a government-to-government one, for I am not a professional diplomat, br rather, as is a tradition in The meetingrose at 1.15 p.m.

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