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Travel Behavior Over Time Travel Behavior Over Time David Levinson, Principal Investigator Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering University of Minnesota June 2015 Research Project Final Report 2015-23 To request this document in an alternative format call 651-366-4718 or 1-800-657-3774 (Greater Minnesota) or email your request to [email protected]. Please request at least one week in advance. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. 3. Recipients Accession No. MN/RC 2015-23 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date June 2015 Travel Behavior Over Time 6. 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. David Levinson, Greg Lindsey, Yingling Fan, Jason Cao, Michael Iacono, Martin Brosnan, Andrew Guthrie, and Jessica Schoner 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering CTS # 2013078 University of Minnesota 11. Contract (C) or Grant (G) No. 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E. (c) 99008 (wo) 95 Minneapolis, MN 55455-0116 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Minnesota Department of Transportation Final Report Research Services & Library 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 395 John Ireland Boulevard, MS 330 St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-1899 Metropolitan Council 390 Robert St. N. St. Paul, MN 55101 15. Supplementary Notes http://www.lrrb.org/pdf/201523.pdf 16. Abstract (Limit: 250 words) Using detailed travel surveys (the Travel Behavior Inventory) conducted by the Metropolitan Council of the Minneapolis/Saint Paul (Twin Cities) Region in Minnesota for 1990, 2000-2001, and 2010-2011, this report conducts an analysis of changes in travel behavior over time. Specifically looking at changes in travel duration, time, use, and accessibility; telecommuting and its relationship with travel and residential choices; transit service quality and transit use; effects of age and cohort; and changes in walking and bicycling. Much has changed in this period, including the size of the region, demographics, economics, technology, driver licensing, and preferences, examining in turn the effects of investment, development, and population change on behaviors for the Minneapolis-St. Paul region as a whole and for areas within the region. While this research cannot hope to untangle all of the contributing factors, it aims to increase understanding of what did happen, with some explanation of why. This will inform transportation engineers, planners, economists, analysts, and decision makers about the prospective effects of future changes to networks, land use, and demographics while also evaluating the effects of previous network investments. 17. Document Analysis/Descriptors 18. Availability Statement Travel behavior, travel surveys, Twin Cities (MN) metropolitan No restrictions. Document available from: area, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, accessibility, urban National Technical Information Services, transportation Alexandria, Virginia 22312 19. Security Class (this report) 20. Security Class (this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 270 Travel Behavior Over Time Final Report Prepared by: David Levinson Michael Iacono Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering University of Minnesota Greg Lindsey Yingling Fan Jason Cao Martin Brosnan Andrew Guthrie Jessica Schoner Humphrey School of Public Affairs University of Minnesota June 2015 Published by: Minnesota Department of Transportation Research Services & Library 395 John Ireland Boulevard, MS 330 St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-1899 This report represents the results of research conducted by the authors and does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the Minnesota Department of Transportation and/or the University of Minnesota. This report does not contain a standard or specified technique. The authors and the Minnesota Department of Transportation and/or the University of Minnesota do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to this report. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the Minnesota Department of Transportation, the Metropolitan Council, and the Center for Transportation Studies at the University of Minnesota for financial and technical support. Mr. Jonathan Ehrlich of the Metropolitan Council provided useful commentary on the report but bears no responsibilities for its limitations. The authors also thank Jonathan Ehrlich for his assistance in accessing and interpreting Travel Behavior Inventory data files archived by the Metropolitan Council. Special thanks to the project panel members for their participation and valuable contributions: Jonathan Ehrlich, Metropolitan Council, technical liaison Deanna Belden, MnDOT, technical liaison Mary Karlsson, Metropolitan Council Cole Hiniker, Metropolitan Council Dennis Farmer, Metropolitan Council Lyssa Leitner, Washington County Rose Ryan, Hennepin County Reuben Collins, City of St. Paul Steve Ruegg, Parsons Brinckerhoff Steve Wilson, SRF Consulting Brian Smalkoski, Kimley-Horn Mark Filipi, Metropolitan Council Brian Isaacson, MnDOT Ryan Gaug, MnDOT Michael Corbett, MnDOT Lynne Bly, MnDOT Philip Barnes, WSB & Associates Gene Hicks, MnDOT Jim Henricksen, MnDOT Jason Junge, MnDOT Alan Rindels, MnDOT, project coordinator Table of Contents Chapter 1 Accessibility and the Allocation of Time: Changes in Travel Behavior 1990-2010 ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Data ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Descriptive Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Results ............................................................................................................................................... 14 1.7 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 25 1.8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 26 Chapter 1 References ............................................................................................................................ 28 Chapter 2 Telecommuting and its relationships with travel and residential choices: An exploration of the 2000 and 2010 regional travel surveys in the Twin Cities ......................... 32 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 32 2.2 Data and Variables .......................................................................................................................... 33 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................................... 37 2.4 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter 2 References ............................................................................................................................ 47 Chapter 3 Transit Service Quality and Transit Use ................................................................. 48 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 48 3.2 Trip-Level Model ............................................................................................................................. 49 3.3 Person-Level Model ......................................................................................................................... 60 3.4 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter 3 References ............................................................................................................................ 73 Chapter 4 Cohort Analysis of Travel Behavior ........................................................................ 74 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 74 4.2 Cohort Analysis and Travel Behavior ........................................................................................... 75 4.3 Analysis of TBI Data ....................................................................................................................... 76 4.4 Licensure Rates ................................................................................................................................ 82 4.5 Discussion of Findings ....................................................................................................................
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