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Improving Phylogenetic Inference of Mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 Nucleotide Sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales)
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35 (2005) 1–20 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales) P. Brandon Matheny¤,1 Biology Department, Box 351330, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5325, USA Received 9 July 2003; revised 15 May 2004 Available online 18 January 2005 Abstract Approximately 3000 bp across 84 taxa have been analyzed for variable regions of RPB1, RPB2, and nLSU-rDNA to infer phylo- genetic relationships in the large ectomycorrhizal mushroom genus Inocybe (Agaricales; Basidiomycota). This study represents the Wrst eVort to combine variable regions of RPB1 and RPB2 with nLSU-rDNA for low-level phylogenetic studies in mushroom-form- ing fungi. Combination of the three loci increases non-parametric bootstrap support, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and resolution for numerous clades compared to separate gene analyses. These data suggest the evolution of at least Wve major lineages in Inocybe— the Inocybe clade, the Mallocybe clade, the Auritella clade, the Inosperma clade, and the Pseudosperma clade. Additionally, many clades nested within each major lineage are strongly supported. These results also suggest the family Crepiodataceae sensu stricto is sister to Inocybe. Recognition of Inocybe at the family level, the Inocybaceae, is recommended. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cortinariaceae; Fungi; Inocybaceae; nLSU-rDNA; RNA polymerase II; Systematics 1. Introduction room taxa in Inocybe and outgroups of the Agaricales, or euagarics clade, has been extended to include partial Nuclear genes that encode the two largest subunits of sequences of RPB1, RPB2, and nuclear large subunit RNA polymerase II are proving useful to infer the phy- ribosomal DNA (nLSU). -
Chemical Elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
Chemical elements in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes The reference mushrooms as instruments for investigating bioindication and biodiversity Roberto Cenci, Luigi Cocchi, Orlando Petrini, Fabrizio Sena, Carmine Siniscalco, Luciano Vescovi Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena EUR 24415 EN 2011 1 The mission of the JRC-IES is to provide scientific-technical support to the European Union’s policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment. European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability Via E.Fermi, 2749 I-21027 Ispra (VA) Italy Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu/ JRC Catalogue number: LB-NA-24415-EN-C Editors: R. M. Cenci and F. Sena JRC65050 EUR 24415 EN ISBN 978-92-79-20395-4 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2788/22228 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union Translation: Dr. Luca Umidi © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy 2 Attached to this document is a CD containing: • A PDF copy of this document • Information regarding the soil and mushroom sampling site locations • Analytical data (ca, 300,000) on total samples of soils and mushrooms analysed (ca, 10,000) • The descriptive statistics for all genera and species analysed • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in mushrooms • Maps showing the distribution of concentrations of inorganic elements in soils 3 Contact information: Address: Roberto M. -
Ectomycorrhizal Communities Associated with a Pinus Radiata Plantation in the North Island, New Zealand
ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH A PINUS RADIATA PLANTATION IN THE NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Katrin Walbert Bioprotection and Ecology Division Lincoln University, Canterbury New Zealand 2008 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH A PINUS RADIATA PLANTATION IN THE NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND by Katrin Walbert Aboveground and belowground ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with different age classes of the exotic plantation species Pinus radiata were investigated over the course of two years in the North Island of New Zealand. ECM species were identified with a combined approach of morphological and molecular (restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing) analysis. ECM species richness and diversity of a nursery in Rotorua, and stands of different ages (1, 2, 8, 15 and 26 yrs of age at time of final assessment) in Kaingaroa Forest, were assessed above- and belowground; furthermore, the correlation between the above- and belowground ECM communities was assessed. It was found that the overall and stand specific species richness and diversity of ECM fungi associated with the exotic host tree in New Zealand were low compared to similar forests in the Northern Hemisphere but similar to other exotic plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. Over the course of this study, 18 ECM species were observed aboveground and 19 ECM species belowground. With the aid of molecular analysis the identities of Laccaria proxima and Inocybe sindonia were clarified. -
Welsh Dune Fungi: Data Collation, Evaluation and Conservation Priorities
Welsh Dune Fungi: Data Collation, Evaluation and Conservation Priorities S.E. Evans & P.J. Roberts Evidence Report No 134 About Natural Resources Wales Natural Resources Wales is the organisation responsible for the work carried out by the three former organisations, the Countryside Council for Wales, Environment Agency Wales and Forestry Commission Wales. It is also responsible for some functions previously undertaken by Welsh Government. Our purpose is to ensure that the natural resources of Wales are sustainably maintained, used and enhanced, now and in the future. We work for the communities of Wales to protect people and their homes as much as possible from environmental incidents like flooding and pollution. We provide opportunities for people to learn, use and benefit from Wales' natural resources. We work to support Wales' economy by enabling the sustainable use of natural resources to support jobs and enterprise. We help businesses and developers to understand and consider environmental limits when they make important decisions. We work to maintain and improve the quality of the environment for everyone and we work towards making the environment and our natural resources more resilient to climate change and other pressures. Page 2 of 57 www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk Evidence at Natural Resources Wales Natural Resources Wales is an evidence based organisation. We seek to ensure that our strategy, decisions, operations and advice to Welsh Government and others are underpinned by sound and quality-assured evidence. We recognise that it is critically important to have a good understanding of our changing environment. We will realise this vision by: Maintaining and developing the technical specialist skills of our staff; Securing our data and information; Having a well resourced proactive programme of evidence work; Continuing to review and add to our evidence to ensure it is fit for the challenges facing us; and Communicating our evidence in an open and transparent way. -
North Cyprus Mushrooms, Their Ecology, Distribution, Classification
First List of the Wild Mushrooms of Jordan Prof. Dr. Ahmad Al-Raddad Al-Momany Royal Botanic Garden 1st Annual Scientific Day Thursday January 12, 2012 Amman, Jordan Project Objectives 1- Establish a checklist of the wild mushrooms of Jordan as a part of the National species Database (NSD) 2- Establish the national museum of wild mushrooms of Jordan at the Royal Botanic Garden at Tell Ar-Rumman 3- Produce a book, a field guide and an online gallery about the wild mushrooms of Jordan The Nutritional Value of Mushrooms 100 grams for daily body requirements 1- Mushrooms are a good source of vitamins, essential amino acids and proteins. 2- Mushrooms are a great source of minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and selenium. 3- In addition, mushrooms contain virtually no fat or cholesterol, and are naturally low in sodium. 4- Mushrooms are also a good source of fiber. 5- They are antioxidants and help in cancer treatment. 6- Mushrooms are low in calories and are an anti-aging food. What is a mushroom? A mushroom is actually the fruiting structure of a fungus. The fungus is simply a net of thread-like fibers, called a mycelium, growing in soil, wood or decaying organic matter. Most mushrooms are edible and highly delicious. Others are not edible, and the rest are deadly poisonous. Wild Mushrooms Poisonous Edible The function of a mushroom is to produce spores, which are the propagative structures of the fungus. Spore identification is the master key for mushroom classification. Basidiospores of Agaricus Spore print of Mycena Mushroom Groups 1. -
The Potential for Mycobiont Sharing Between Shrubs and Seedlings to Facilitate Tree Establishment After Wildfire at Alaska Arctic Treeline
Received: 2 December 2015 | Revised: 15 March 2017 | Accepted: 29 March 2017 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14143 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The potential for mycobiont sharing between shrubs and seedlings to facilitate tree establishment after wildfire at Alaska arctic treeline Rebecca E. Hewitt1 | F. Stuart Chapin III1 | Teresa N. Hollingsworth2 | D. Lee Taylor1,3 1Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA Abstract 2USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Root-associated fungi, particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), are critical sym- Research Station, Boreal Ecology bionts of all boreal tree species. Although climatically driven increases in wildfire Cooperative Research Unit, Fairbanks, AK, USA frequency and extent have been hypothesized to increase vegetation transitions 3Department of Biology, University of New from tundra to boreal forest, fire reduces mycorrhizal inoculum. Therefore, changes Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA in mycobiont inoculum may potentially limit tree-seedling establishment beyond cur- Correspondence rent treeline. We investigated whether ectomycorrhizal shrubs that resprout after Rebecca. E. Hewitt, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona fire support similar fungal taxa to those that associate with tree seedlings that University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA. establish naturally after fire. We then assessed whether mycobiont identity corre- Email: [email protected] lates with the biomass or nutrient status of these tree seedlings. The majority of Funding information fungal taxa observed on shrub and seedling root systems were EMF, with some dark Alaska EPSCoR, Grant/Award Number: EPS-0701898; National Science Foundation septate endophytes and ericoid mycorrhizal taxa. Seedlings and adjacent shrubs Graduate Research Fellowship, Grant/Award associated with similar arrays of fungal taxa, and there were strong correlations Number: DGE-0639280, 1242789, ARC-0632332; UAF Global Change Student between the structure of seedling and shrub fungal communities. -
Mycorrhizal Fungi of Aspen Forests: Natural Occurrence and Potential Applications
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Aspen Bibliography Aspen Research 2001 Mycorrhizal fungi of aspen forests: natural occurrence and potential applications C.L. Cripps Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/aspen_bib Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cripps, CL. 2001. Mycorrhizal fungi of aspen forests: natural occurrence and potential applications. WD Shepperd et al (compilers). Sustaining Aspen in Western Landscapes: Symposium Proceedings. Proceedings RMRS-P-18. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fort Collins, CO. This Contribution to Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Aspen Research at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Aspen Bibliography by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mycorrhizal Fungi of Aspen Forests: Natural Occurrence and Potential Applications Cathy L. Cripps1 Abstract—Native mycorrhizal fungi associated with aspen were surveyed on three soil types in the north-central Rocky Mountains. Selected isolates were tested for the ability to enhance aspen seedling growth in vitro. Over 50 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi occur with Populus tremuloides in this region, primarily basidiomycete fungi in the Agaricales. Almost one-third (30%) were ubiquitous with aspen and were found on all three soil types. Over one-third (37%) were restricted to the acidic, sandy soil of the smelter-impacted Butte-Anaconda area, revealing a subset of fungi that tolerate these conditions. Mycorrhizal fungi were screened for their ability to enhance aspen growth and establishment. Of nine selected isolates, all but one increased the biomass of aspen seedlings 2–4 times. -
An Annotated Catalogue of the Fungal Biota of the Roztocze Upland Monika KOZŁOWSKA, Wiesław MUŁENKO Marcin ANUSIEWICZ, Magda MAMCZARZ
An Annotated Catalogue of the Fungal Biota of the Roztocze Upland Fungal Biota of the An Annotated Catalogue of the Monika KOZŁOWSKA, Wiesław MUŁENKO Marcin ANUSIEWICZ, Magda MAMCZARZ An Annotated Catalogue of the Fungal Biota of the Roztocze Upland Richness, Diversity and Distribution MARIA CURIE-SkłODOWSKA UNIVERSITY PRESS POLISH BOTANICAL SOCIETY Grzyby_okladka.indd 6 11.02.2019 14:52:24 An Annotated Catalogue of the Fungal Biota of the Roztocze Upland Richness, Diversity and Distribution Monika KOZŁOWSKA, Wiesław MUŁENKO Marcin ANUSIEWICZ, Magda MAMCZARZ An Annotated Catalogue of the Fungal Biota of the Roztocze Upland Richness, Diversity and Distribution MARIA CURIE-SkłODOWSKA UNIVERSITY PRESS POLISH BOTANICAL SOCIETY LUBLIN 2019 REVIEWER Dr hab. Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska COVER DESIN, TYPESETTING Studio Format © Te Authors, 2019 © Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press, Lublin 2019 ISBN 978-83-227-9164-6 ISBN 978-83-950171-8-6 ISBN 978-83-950171-9-3 (online) PUBLISHER Polish Botanical Society Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland pbsociety.org.pl Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press 20-031 Lublin, ul. Idziego Radziszewskiego 11 tel. (81) 537 53 04 wydawnictwo.umcs.eu [email protected] Sales Department tel. / fax (81) 537 53 02 Internet bookshop: wydawnictwo.umcs.eu [email protected] PRINTED IN POLAND, by „Elpil”, ul. Artyleryjska 11, 08-110 Siedlce AUTHOR’S AFFILIATION Department of Botany and Mycology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin Monika Kozłowska, [email protected]; Wiesław -
Suomen Helttasienten Ja Tattien Ekologia, Levinneisyys Ja Uhanalaisuus
Suomen ympäristö 769 LUONTO JA LUONNONVARAT Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus .......................... SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Suomen ympäristö 769 Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Viittausohje Viitatessa tämän raportin lukuihin, käytetään lukujen otsikoita ja lukujen kirjoittajien nimiä: Esim. luku 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Julk.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela-Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (toim.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levin- neisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Ss. 109-224. Recommended citation E.g. chapter 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland. Publ.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela- Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (eds.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Pp. 109-224. Julkaisu on saatavana myös Internetistä: www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut ISBN 952-11-1996-9 (nid.) ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (PDF) ISSN 1238-7312 Kannen kuvat / Cover pictures Vasen ylä / Top left: Paljakkaa. Utsjoki. Treeless alpine tundra zone. Utsjoki. Kuva / Photo: Esteri Ohenoja Vasen ala / Down left: Jalopuulehtoa. Parainen, Lenholm. Quercus robur forest. Parainen, Lenholm. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Oikea ylä / Top right: Lehtolohisieni (Laccaria amethystina). Amethyst Deceiver (Laccaria amethystina). Kuva / Photo: Pertti Salo Oikea ala / Down right: Vanhaa metsää. Sodankylä, Luosto. Old virgin forest. Sodankylä, Luosto. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Takakansi / Back cover: Ukonsieni (Macrolepiota procera). -
Auricularia Auricula & Anti-Semitism FINDINGS AFIELD
LONG ISLAND MYCOLOGICAL CLUB http://limyco.org VOLUME 13, NUMBER 2, SUMMER, 2005 FINDINGS AFIELD The Tree Ear: Auricularia auricula & by Joel Horman Anti-Semitism nstead of a rare by David Rose (from Spores Illus- or unusual trated, Winter 2004, excerpted and reprinted, courtesy of the author) mushroom, I ne may wonder in disbelief that the subject of mush- which this column usually deals with, today we will focus on a com- rooms and the phenomenon of anti-Semitism could mon species, but one which our O be even remotely associated, and it is actually rather club members, including myself, painful for me to tell you that they indeed are - I would far rather be have consistently misidentified. writing about pleasant matters. As horrid as this pairing sounds, it Not until Peggy questioned it did I is the unfortunate predicament of the human species that we are not look closer. Since it is not consid- only capable of evil, but we commit evil acts quite regularly. Therein ered edible, and is usually classi- lies the root cause of what will follow: a reflection on the history and fied as being of questionable or un- taxonomy of a species of basidiomycete, the jelly fungus Auricularia known edibility, no harm has been auricula, and some observations on Nazi propaganda that has used done in any way but taxonomically. mushrooms to depict Jewish people as thieves, murderers, and de- The species in question, serving extermination. which we have always identified as What's this? Mushrooms in Nazi hate literature? Yes - all too Lactarius aquifluus, is more accu- true and alarming all the more since propaganda picture books first rately referred to as Lactarius quie- produced in 1938 under the Third Reich have recently resurfaced in tus v. -
Education & Outreach Report 2018
Education & Outreach Report 2018 Dr Eleanor Landy Fungal Education & Outreach Chair The BMS Fungal Education and Outreach (FEO) committee is committed to raising awareness of fungi and fungal science across the whole educational spectrum; from enthusiasts, families and children to higher education and business. To this end, the FEO committee has continued to support both the field mycology committee and fungal research committee in developing tangible outcomes for public engagement in 2018. Education: We continue to build close links with the Royal Society of Biology through membership of their Education Policy Advisory Group (EPAG) steering group committee, which reports to SCORE and Ofqual on primary, secondary and post-16 science education issues. As well as this group, we have widened our involvement with other educational groups such as MiSAC (Microbiology in Schools advisory committee) and PLINK (Plant Link UK). Our Primary and Secondary school resources portfolio was expanded this year and have been shared with the educational community on various web-based platforms e.g. TES (Times Educational Supplement). Resources old and new are currently under development/renewal and will be available to download from the BMS/UKFD website in due course. We are continuing to develop liaison with schools through our outreach arm, UK Fungus Day, with several teachers using our educational resources to develop lesson plans within the classroom and after school science clubs. We are working toward a second British Mycological Society FEO award for outstanding contribution to Education and Public Outreach and shall announce the outcome after the Spring 2019 vote on this matter. The Eileen Chattaway models are now housed and on display at the Bournemouth Natural Science Society Museum (since this spring) and are available to loan to interested members subject to Terms and Conditions. -
Key to Species of Inocybaceae from Eastern North America – V7 (17 Jan 2020)
Key to Species of Inocybaceae from eastern North America – v7 (17 Jan 2020) P. Brandon Matheny, University of Tennessee Note: V7 now incorporates the generic-level taxonomic system proposed by Matheny, Hobbs, & Esteve-Raventós (2020). V7 also added I. sambucina confirmed from Massachusetts and an updated entry for I. subradiata. V5 (short-lived) and v6 clarified some minor differences between I. maritimoides and I. parceocoacta. Entries for I. mixtilis were updated to I. occulta and I. ceskae following Esteve-Raventós et al. (2018). Inocybe acuta sensu Grund & D.E. Stuntz (1977) is the same as I. borealis, and now I. bufonia was explicitly incorporated in the key. The present status of I. praenodulosa is not clear in that the type needs to be examined to confirm placement of caulocystidia on the lower part of the stipe. Inocybe grammopodia was confirmed from New York by Joel Horman and is now included in the key near I. cincinnata. Inocybe tjallingiorum was included based on samples from northern Canada. This unpublished key includes treatment of ca. 220 species, varieties, and forms of Inocybaceae documented from eastern North America, including Central America and the Caribbean Basin (172 Inocybe, 20 Inosperma, 11 Mallocybe, 18 Pseudosperma; a few combinations remain to be done). The number of species included is based on a survey of the literature but also notes from unpublished type studies by D.E. Stuntz, L.R. Hesler, and myself. Ca. 60 taxonomic synonyms are currently accepted, 11 species are considered doubtful, and 5 species are excluded in other genera. 80 North American species recorded only from western North America are listed at the end of this document.