Early Stage Muscarinic Findings and Syndromic Classification in Wild
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Improving Phylogenetic Inference of Mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 Nucleotide Sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales)
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35 (2005) 1–20 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms with RPB1 and RPB2 nucleotide sequences (Inocybe; Agaricales) P. Brandon Matheny¤,1 Biology Department, Box 351330, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5325, USA Received 9 July 2003; revised 15 May 2004 Available online 18 January 2005 Abstract Approximately 3000 bp across 84 taxa have been analyzed for variable regions of RPB1, RPB2, and nLSU-rDNA to infer phylo- genetic relationships in the large ectomycorrhizal mushroom genus Inocybe (Agaricales; Basidiomycota). This study represents the Wrst eVort to combine variable regions of RPB1 and RPB2 with nLSU-rDNA for low-level phylogenetic studies in mushroom-form- ing fungi. Combination of the three loci increases non-parametric bootstrap support, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and resolution for numerous clades compared to separate gene analyses. These data suggest the evolution of at least Wve major lineages in Inocybe— the Inocybe clade, the Mallocybe clade, the Auritella clade, the Inosperma clade, and the Pseudosperma clade. Additionally, many clades nested within each major lineage are strongly supported. These results also suggest the family Crepiodataceae sensu stricto is sister to Inocybe. Recognition of Inocybe at the family level, the Inocybaceae, is recommended. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cortinariaceae; Fungi; Inocybaceae; nLSU-rDNA; RNA polymerase II; Systematics 1. Introduction room taxa in Inocybe and outgroups of the Agaricales, or euagarics clade, has been extended to include partial Nuclear genes that encode the two largest subunits of sequences of RPB1, RPB2, and nuclear large subunit RNA polymerase II are proving useful to infer the phy- ribosomal DNA (nLSU). -
Ectomycorrhizal Communities Associated with a Pinus Radiata Plantation in the North Island, New Zealand
ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH A PINUS RADIATA PLANTATION IN THE NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Katrin Walbert Bioprotection and Ecology Division Lincoln University, Canterbury New Zealand 2008 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ECTOMYCORRHIZAL COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH A PINUS RADIATA PLANTATION IN THE NORTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND by Katrin Walbert Aboveground and belowground ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with different age classes of the exotic plantation species Pinus radiata were investigated over the course of two years in the North Island of New Zealand. ECM species were identified with a combined approach of morphological and molecular (restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing) analysis. ECM species richness and diversity of a nursery in Rotorua, and stands of different ages (1, 2, 8, 15 and 26 yrs of age at time of final assessment) in Kaingaroa Forest, were assessed above- and belowground; furthermore, the correlation between the above- and belowground ECM communities was assessed. It was found that the overall and stand specific species richness and diversity of ECM fungi associated with the exotic host tree in New Zealand were low compared to similar forests in the Northern Hemisphere but similar to other exotic plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. Over the course of this study, 18 ECM species were observed aboveground and 19 ECM species belowground. With the aid of molecular analysis the identities of Laccaria proxima and Inocybe sindonia were clarified. -
North Cyprus Mushrooms, Their Ecology, Distribution, Classification
First List of the Wild Mushrooms of Jordan Prof. Dr. Ahmad Al-Raddad Al-Momany Royal Botanic Garden 1st Annual Scientific Day Thursday January 12, 2012 Amman, Jordan Project Objectives 1- Establish a checklist of the wild mushrooms of Jordan as a part of the National species Database (NSD) 2- Establish the national museum of wild mushrooms of Jordan at the Royal Botanic Garden at Tell Ar-Rumman 3- Produce a book, a field guide and an online gallery about the wild mushrooms of Jordan The Nutritional Value of Mushrooms 100 grams for daily body requirements 1- Mushrooms are a good source of vitamins, essential amino acids and proteins. 2- Mushrooms are a great source of minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and selenium. 3- In addition, mushrooms contain virtually no fat or cholesterol, and are naturally low in sodium. 4- Mushrooms are also a good source of fiber. 5- They are antioxidants and help in cancer treatment. 6- Mushrooms are low in calories and are an anti-aging food. What is a mushroom? A mushroom is actually the fruiting structure of a fungus. The fungus is simply a net of thread-like fibers, called a mycelium, growing in soil, wood or decaying organic matter. Most mushrooms are edible and highly delicious. Others are not edible, and the rest are deadly poisonous. Wild Mushrooms Poisonous Edible The function of a mushroom is to produce spores, which are the propagative structures of the fungus. Spore identification is the master key for mushroom classification. Basidiospores of Agaricus Spore print of Mycena Mushroom Groups 1. -
The Potential for Mycobiont Sharing Between Shrubs and Seedlings to Facilitate Tree Establishment After Wildfire at Alaska Arctic Treeline
Received: 2 December 2015 | Revised: 15 March 2017 | Accepted: 29 March 2017 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14143 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The potential for mycobiont sharing between shrubs and seedlings to facilitate tree establishment after wildfire at Alaska arctic treeline Rebecca E. Hewitt1 | F. Stuart Chapin III1 | Teresa N. Hollingsworth2 | D. Lee Taylor1,3 1Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA Abstract 2USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Root-associated fungi, particularly ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), are critical sym- Research Station, Boreal Ecology bionts of all boreal tree species. Although climatically driven increases in wildfire Cooperative Research Unit, Fairbanks, AK, USA frequency and extent have been hypothesized to increase vegetation transitions 3Department of Biology, University of New from tundra to boreal forest, fire reduces mycorrhizal inoculum. Therefore, changes Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA in mycobiont inoculum may potentially limit tree-seedling establishment beyond cur- Correspondence rent treeline. We investigated whether ectomycorrhizal shrubs that resprout after Rebecca. E. Hewitt, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona fire support similar fungal taxa to those that associate with tree seedlings that University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA. establish naturally after fire. We then assessed whether mycobiont identity corre- Email: [email protected] lates with the biomass or nutrient status of these tree seedlings. The majority of Funding information fungal taxa observed on shrub and seedling root systems were EMF, with some dark Alaska EPSCoR, Grant/Award Number: EPS-0701898; National Science Foundation septate endophytes and ericoid mycorrhizal taxa. Seedlings and adjacent shrubs Graduate Research Fellowship, Grant/Award associated with similar arrays of fungal taxa, and there were strong correlations Number: DGE-0639280, 1242789, ARC-0632332; UAF Global Change Student between the structure of seedling and shrub fungal communities. -
Mycorrhizal Fungi of Aspen Forests: Natural Occurrence and Potential Applications
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Aspen Bibliography Aspen Research 2001 Mycorrhizal fungi of aspen forests: natural occurrence and potential applications C.L. Cripps Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/aspen_bib Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cripps, CL. 2001. Mycorrhizal fungi of aspen forests: natural occurrence and potential applications. WD Shepperd et al (compilers). Sustaining Aspen in Western Landscapes: Symposium Proceedings. Proceedings RMRS-P-18. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fort Collins, CO. This Contribution to Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Aspen Research at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Aspen Bibliography by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mycorrhizal Fungi of Aspen Forests: Natural Occurrence and Potential Applications Cathy L. Cripps1 Abstract—Native mycorrhizal fungi associated with aspen were surveyed on three soil types in the north-central Rocky Mountains. Selected isolates were tested for the ability to enhance aspen seedling growth in vitro. Over 50 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi occur with Populus tremuloides in this region, primarily basidiomycete fungi in the Agaricales. Almost one-third (30%) were ubiquitous with aspen and were found on all three soil types. Over one-third (37%) were restricted to the acidic, sandy soil of the smelter-impacted Butte-Anaconda area, revealing a subset of fungi that tolerate these conditions. Mycorrhizal fungi were screened for their ability to enhance aspen growth and establishment. Of nine selected isolates, all but one increased the biomass of aspen seedlings 2–4 times. -
Suomen Helttasienten Ja Tattien Ekologia, Levinneisyys Ja Uhanalaisuus
Suomen ympäristö 769 LUONTO JA LUONNONVARAT Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus .......................... SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Suomen ympäristö 769 Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo ja Esteri Ohenoja (toim.) Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus SUOMEN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Viittausohje Viitatessa tämän raportin lukuihin, käytetään lukujen otsikoita ja lukujen kirjoittajien nimiä: Esim. luku 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Julk.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela-Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (toim.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levin- neisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Ss. 109-224. Recommended citation E.g. chapter 5.2: Kytövuori, I., Nummela-Salo, U., Ohenoja, E., Salo, P. & Vauras, J. 2005: Helttasienten ja tattien levinneisyystaulukko. Distribution table of agarics and boletes in Finland. Publ.: Salo, P., Niemelä, T., Nummela- Salo, U. & Ohenoja, E. (eds.). Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki. Suomen ympäristö 769. Pp. 109-224. Julkaisu on saatavana myös Internetistä: www.ymparisto.fi/julkaisut ISBN 952-11-1996-9 (nid.) ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (PDF) ISSN 1238-7312 Kannen kuvat / Cover pictures Vasen ylä / Top left: Paljakkaa. Utsjoki. Treeless alpine tundra zone. Utsjoki. Kuva / Photo: Esteri Ohenoja Vasen ala / Down left: Jalopuulehtoa. Parainen, Lenholm. Quercus robur forest. Parainen, Lenholm. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Oikea ylä / Top right: Lehtolohisieni (Laccaria amethystina). Amethyst Deceiver (Laccaria amethystina). Kuva / Photo: Pertti Salo Oikea ala / Down right: Vanhaa metsää. Sodankylä, Luosto. Old virgin forest. Sodankylä, Luosto. Kuva / Photo: Tuomo Niemelä Takakansi / Back cover: Ukonsieni (Macrolepiota procera). -
Auricularia Auricula & Anti-Semitism FINDINGS AFIELD
LONG ISLAND MYCOLOGICAL CLUB http://limyco.org VOLUME 13, NUMBER 2, SUMMER, 2005 FINDINGS AFIELD The Tree Ear: Auricularia auricula & by Joel Horman Anti-Semitism nstead of a rare by David Rose (from Spores Illus- or unusual trated, Winter 2004, excerpted and reprinted, courtesy of the author) mushroom, I ne may wonder in disbelief that the subject of mush- which this column usually deals with, today we will focus on a com- rooms and the phenomenon of anti-Semitism could mon species, but one which our O be even remotely associated, and it is actually rather club members, including myself, painful for me to tell you that they indeed are - I would far rather be have consistently misidentified. writing about pleasant matters. As horrid as this pairing sounds, it Not until Peggy questioned it did I is the unfortunate predicament of the human species that we are not look closer. Since it is not consid- only capable of evil, but we commit evil acts quite regularly. Therein ered edible, and is usually classi- lies the root cause of what will follow: a reflection on the history and fied as being of questionable or un- taxonomy of a species of basidiomycete, the jelly fungus Auricularia known edibility, no harm has been auricula, and some observations on Nazi propaganda that has used done in any way but taxonomically. mushrooms to depict Jewish people as thieves, murderers, and de- The species in question, serving extermination. which we have always identified as What's this? Mushrooms in Nazi hate literature? Yes - all too Lactarius aquifluus, is more accu- true and alarming all the more since propaganda picture books first rately referred to as Lactarius quie- produced in 1938 under the Third Reich have recently resurfaced in tus v. -
Key to Species of Inocybaceae from Eastern North America – V7 (17 Jan 2020)
Key to Species of Inocybaceae from eastern North America – v7 (17 Jan 2020) P. Brandon Matheny, University of Tennessee Note: V7 now incorporates the generic-level taxonomic system proposed by Matheny, Hobbs, & Esteve-Raventós (2020). V7 also added I. sambucina confirmed from Massachusetts and an updated entry for I. subradiata. V5 (short-lived) and v6 clarified some minor differences between I. maritimoides and I. parceocoacta. Entries for I. mixtilis were updated to I. occulta and I. ceskae following Esteve-Raventós et al. (2018). Inocybe acuta sensu Grund & D.E. Stuntz (1977) is the same as I. borealis, and now I. bufonia was explicitly incorporated in the key. The present status of I. praenodulosa is not clear in that the type needs to be examined to confirm placement of caulocystidia on the lower part of the stipe. Inocybe grammopodia was confirmed from New York by Joel Horman and is now included in the key near I. cincinnata. Inocybe tjallingiorum was included based on samples from northern Canada. This unpublished key includes treatment of ca. 220 species, varieties, and forms of Inocybaceae documented from eastern North America, including Central America and the Caribbean Basin (172 Inocybe, 20 Inosperma, 11 Mallocybe, 18 Pseudosperma; a few combinations remain to be done). The number of species included is based on a survey of the literature but also notes from unpublished type studies by D.E. Stuntz, L.R. Hesler, and myself. Ca. 60 taxonomic synonyms are currently accepted, 11 species are considered doubtful, and 5 species are excluded in other genera. 80 North American species recorded only from western North America are listed at the end of this document. -
Nº 16 2011 16 5¢
2011 BUTLLETÍ SOCIETAT MICOLÒGICA VALENCIANA FUNDACIÓN MUNICIPAL ESCUELA DE JARDINERIA Y PAISAJE EXCM. AJUNTAMENT DE VALÈNCIA Nº 16 2011 16 5¢ -<5+(*0Ô54<50*07(3 ,:*<,3(+,1(9+05,9Ð(@7(0:(1, ,?*4(1<5;(4,5;+,=(3Ï5*0( Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana 16.2011 2 Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana 16.2011 HONGOS LIQUENIZADOS Y LIQUENÍCOLAS DEL PARQUE NATURAL DE L’ALBUFERA (VALENCIA, ESPAÑA). VIOLETA ATIENZA TAMARIT (1) & SIMÓN FÓS FOS MARTÍN (2) (1)Dpto. de Botànica Facultat de Ciències Biològiques. Universitat de València. C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot (València). [email protected] (2)Servicio de Biodiversidad, D.G. Medio Natural, CMAAV CITMA, Generalitat Valenciana, C/ Francisco Cubells 7, E-46011 (València). [email protected] Abstract: ATIENZA, V. & FOS, S. (2011) Lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from the l’Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain). Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana nº 16: pág 03-39. One-hundred and twenty-two twenty-one lichens and three four lichenicolous fungi species identi- fied in the l’Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain) are listed. Bacidia trachona, Dimerella tavaresiana, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Porocyphus rehmicus, Verrucaria hladuniana and Xanthoria polycarpa are new records for the Valencian Community. Thirty-six species are mentioned for the first time in the L’Albufera Natural Park, and twelve species are recorded for the first time in the Valencian province. The scarcity or several characteristic species of coastal ecosystems and the possible extinction in the territory of other species reported in former research works have also been confirmed. The causes are related with the severe ag- gressions of the past and with their isolation, surrounded by big water masses and by a strongly trans- formed environment. -
Inventory of Macrofungi in Four National Capital Region Network Parks
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Inventory of Macrofungi in Four National Capital Region Network Parks Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCRN/NRTR—2007/056 ON THE COVER Penn State Mont Alto student Cristie Shull photographing a cracked cap polypore (Phellinus rimosus) on a black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Antietam National Battlefield, MD. Photograph by: Elizabeth Brantley, Penn State Mont Alto Inventory of Macrofungi in Four National Capital Region Network Parks Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCRN/NRTR—2007/056 Lauraine K. Hawkins and Elizabeth A. Brantley Penn State Mont Alto 1 Campus Drive Mont Alto, PA 17237-9700 September 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. The Natural Resources Technical Reports series is used to disseminate the peer-reviewed results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service’s mission. The reports provide contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. Current examples of such reports include the results of research that addresses natural resource management issues; natural resource inventory and monitoring activities; resource assessment reports; scientific literature reviews; and peer reviewed proceedings of technical workshops, conferences, or symposia. -
Bibliographic Inventory of Moroccan Rif's Fungi
Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2011. Vol. 12, Issue 1: 1493-1526 Publication date: 30/11/2011 , http://www.biosciences.elewa.org/JAPS ; ISSN 2071 - 7024 JAPS Bibliographic inventory of Moroccan Rif’s fungi: Catalog of rifain fungal flora Saifeddine El kholfy¹, Fatima Aït Aguil¹, Amina Ouazzani Touhami¹, Rachid Benkirane¹ & Allal Douira¹ (1) Laboratoire de Botanique et de Protection des Plantes, UFR de Mycologie, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 133, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Maroc. Corresponding author email: [email protected] Key words: Morocco, Rif, fungal Flora, Biodiversity, Inventory, Basidiomycetes. Mots clés: Maroc, Rif, Flore fongique, Biodiversité, Inventaire, Basidiomycètes. 1 SUMMARY The Moroccan Rif provides favorable conditions for development and fruiting of a rich and diverse fungal flora. This fungal flora has a richness of 752 species belonging to the class of Basidiomycetes, divided into 19 orders, 62 families and 165 genera. The present catalog of rifain fungal flora constitutes a large contribution to the knowledge of the biodiversity of fungi in the Moroccan Rif. The species are completed and updated with new science and arranged according to the main mycological classification. However, it is certain that the attentive and methodical explorations in the Rifain forests could be the origin of new discoveries for the fungal flora of Morocco. RESUME Le Rif marocain offre des conditions favorables au développement et à la fructification d’une flore fongique riche et diversifiée. Cette dernière compte une richesse spécifique de 752 espèces appartenant à la classe des Basidiomycètes, répartie en 19 ordres, 62 familles et 165 genres. Le présent catalogue de la flore fongique rifaine constitue une grande contribution à la connaissance de la biodiversité des champignons dans le Rif marocain. -
A Compilation for the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)
Nova Hedwigia Vol. 91 issue 1–2, 1 –31 Article Stuttgart, August 2010 Mycorrhizal macrofungi diversity (Agaricomycetes) from Mediterranean Quercus forests; a compilation for the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) Antonio Ortega, Juan Lorite* and Francisco Valle Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada. 18071 GRANADA. Spain With 1 figure and 3 tables Ortega, A., J. Lorite & F. Valle (2010): Mycorrhizal macrofungi diversity (Agaricomycetes) from Mediterranean Quercus forests; a compilation for the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). - Nova Hedwigia 91: 1–31. Abstract: A compilation study has been made of the mycorrhizal Agaricomycetes from several sclerophyllous and deciduous Mediterranean Quercus woodlands from Iberian Peninsula. Firstly, we selected eight Mediterranean taxa of the genus Quercus, which were well sampled in terms of macrofungi. Afterwards, we performed a database containing a large amount of data about mycorrhizal biota of Quercus. We have defined and/or used a series of indexes (occurrence, affinity, proportionality, heterogeneity, similarity, and taxonomic diversity) in order to establish the differences between the mycorrhizal biota of the selected woodlands. The 605 taxa compiled here represent an important amount of the total mycorrhizal diversity from all the vegetation types of the studied area, estimated at 1,500–1,600 taxa, with Q. ilex subsp. ballota (416 taxa) and Q. suber (411) being the richest. We also analysed their quantitative and qualitative mycorrhizal flora and their relative richness in different ways: woodland types, substrates and species composition. The results highlight the large amount of mycorrhizal macrofungi species occurring in these mediterranean Quercus woodlands, the data are comparable with other woodland types, thought to be the richest forest types in the world.