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Nº 16 2011 16 5¢ 2011 BUTLLETÍ SOCIETAT MICOLÒGICA VALENCIANA FUNDACIÓN MUNICIPAL ESCUELA DE JARDINERIA Y PAISAJE EXCM. AJUNTAMENT DE VALÈNCIA Nº 16 2011 16 5¢ -<5+(*0Ô54<50*07(3 ,:*<,3(+,1(9+05,9Ð(@7(0:(1, ,?*4(1<5;(4,5;+,=(3Ï5*0( Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana 16.2011 2 Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana 16.2011 HONGOS LIQUENIZADOS Y LIQUENÍCOLAS DEL PARQUE NATURAL DE L’ALBUFERA (VALENCIA, ESPAÑA). VIOLETA ATIENZA TAMARIT (1) & SIMÓN FÓS FOS MARTÍN (2) (1)Dpto. de Botànica Facultat de Ciències Biològiques. Universitat de València. C/ Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot (València). [email protected] (2)Servicio de Biodiversidad, D.G. Medio Natural, CMAAV CITMA, Generalitat Valenciana, C/ Francisco Cubells 7, E-46011 (València). [email protected] Abstract: ATIENZA, V. & FOS, S. (2011) Lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from the l’Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain). Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana nº 16: pág 03-39. One-hundred and twenty-two twenty-one lichens and three four lichenicolous fungi species identi- fied in the l’Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain) are listed. Bacidia trachona, Dimerella tavaresiana, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Porocyphus rehmicus, Verrucaria hladuniana and Xanthoria polycarpa are new records for the Valencian Community. Thirty-six species are mentioned for the first time in the L’Albufera Natural Park, and twelve species are recorded for the first time in the Valencian province. The scarcity or several characteristic species of coastal ecosystems and the possible extinction in the territory of other species reported in former research works have also been confirmed. The causes are related with the severe ag- gressions of the past and with their isolation, surrounded by big water masses and by a strongly trans- formed environment. The studied specimens are preserved in the VAL_Lich. Herbarium. Key Words: Lichens, Lichenicolous fungi, Dimerella, Bacidia, Marchandiomyces, Porocyphus, Verrucaria, Xanthoria. Resumen: ATIENZA, V. FOS, S. (2010) Hongos liquenizados y liquenícolas del Parque Natural de l’Albufera (Valencia, España). Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana nº 16: pág 03-39. Se presenta el listado de ciento veintidós veintiun líquenes y tres cuatro hongos liquenícolas identi- ficados en el Parque Natural de l’Albufera. Bacidia trachona, Dimerella tavaresiana, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Porocyphus rehmicus, Verrucaria hladuniana and Xanthoria polycarpa se citan por primera vez en la Comunidad Valenciana. Treinta y seis especies se mencionan por primera vez en el Parque Natural de L’Albufera y doce especies son nuevas recolecciones para la provincia de Valencia. También se ha podido confirmar la escasez o ausencia de diversas especies características de los ecosistemas litorales y la posible extinción en el territorio de otras referenciadas en trabajos previos. Las causas se relacionan con las severas agre- siones del pasado y con su aislamiento, rodeado por grandes masas de agua y por un entorno fuertemente antropizado. Los especímenes estudiados se conservan en el Herbario VAL_Lich. Palabras clave: Líquenes, Hongos liquenícolas, Dimerella, Bacidia, Marchandiomyces, Porocyphus, Verrucaria, Xanthoria. 3 Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana 16.2011 INTRODUCCION. En el Parque Natural l’Albufera, la flora liquénica fue estudiada en parte en las formaciones fru- ticosas de saladar (CRESPO & ATIENZA, 1989), pero la elaboración de un inventario ex- haustivo de los líquenes en toda la extensión del Parque la llevó a cabo FOS, (1998, 2001) mediante la realización en primer lugar del catálogo liquénico del Parque Natural y Dehesa del Saler, con objeto posteriormente de establecer las bases para la utilización de los líquenes en la gestión de este espacio natural protegido. Algunos de los hallazgos más novedosos de estos es- tudios se recogen en FOS & BARRENO (1998, 1999, 2002). Otros trabajos que reúnen in- formación sobre el parque son los de ATIENZA & BARRENO (1989) sobre el género Physcia, los de ATIENZA & SEGARRA (1999) y ATIENZA et al. (2001), en los que se propone esta- blecer microrreservas de flora que incluyen líquenes y ATIENZA (2002) que describe Minuto- excipula mariana V. Atienza, hongo liquenícola sobre Pertusaria heterochroa. Además, el Herbario VAL_Lich. conserva entre sus fondos gran cantidad de especímenes del Parque Natural, mu- chos de los cuales se mencionan entre los resultados de los trabajos mencionados arriba. Los datos recopilados, evidencian, la originalidad liquenológica del área, y aportan descripciones de nuevas especies, y numerosas citas nuevas para la provincia de Valencia y para la Comunidad Valenciana. Todo ello ha motivado la elaboración de un catálogo comentado con toda la in- formación conocida hasta el momento de los líquenes y hongos liquenícolas del Parque Natu- ral l’Albufera, con el ánimo de obtener una visión global sobre la diversidad, la colonización de los sustratos, los riesgos potenciales o las posibles amenazas. El Parque Natural l’Albufera, con una extensión aproximada de 21.000 Ha. se sitúa en el sec- tor suroriental de la Huerta o Plana de Valencia. Se extiende entre el mar y las estribaciones de los relieves de Chiva y Buñol, enmarcado por elevaciones pertenecientes al Sistema Ibérico. En esta llanura que se rellenó con aluviones cuaternarios mediante los aportes de los ríos Jucar y Turia, se encuentra, rodeado de marjales, el lago de la Albufera, cuya formación se debe al cie- rre del antiguo golfo, por un amplio cordón litoral que se extiende desde Valencia hasta Cullera, constituyendo la Dehesa del Saler o de la Albufera. De origen sedimentario, la Dehesa esta formada por dos, incluso tres grandes alineaciones de dunas paralelas a la costa, separadas por depresiones interdunares, en las que se instalan una am- plia variedad de ecosistemas, costeros, sabulícolas, halófilos (“mallaes”), palustres, etc. La ve- getación sobre las arenas estabilizadas de la Dehesa resulta de particular importancia para el estudio de los líquenes. Corresponde a una formación cerrada en la que dominan, mezclados con Pinus halepensis Miller, fanerófitos esclerófilos como Phillyrea angustifolia L., Rhamnus oleoides subsp angustifolia (Lange) Rivas Goday & Rivas Martínez, y Pistacia lentiscus L. además de Quer- cus coccifera L., Rhamnus alaternus L., Smilax aspera L., etc. (Phillyreo angustifoliae-Rhamnetum angusti- foliae). En “les mallaes”, a causa de la proximidad superficial de la capa freática, se constituyen suelos fuertemente salinos, con nivel de agua variable, desde el encharcamiento a la total dese- cación en la época seca. En estos ambientes la asociación Puccnellio festuciformis-Arthrocnemetum fruticosi, esta dominada con gran biomasa por Arthrocnemum fruticosum (L.) Moq. (Mallada Llarga). 4 Butll. Soc. Micol. Valenciana 16.2011 Dentro del Parque se encuentran algunos afloramientos rocosos, en la Muntanyeta dels Sants (dolomías cretácicas) y El Alto del Cabezol (calizas cretácicas). Se trata pequeñas colinas de 27 y de 57 metros de altitud respectivamente, que en la mayoría de los casos soportan una fuerte presión antrópica y en las que destaca la presencia de la especie introducida Opuntia ficus-barba- rica A. Berger (Muntanyeta dels Sants), los cultivos de cítricos o los jardines, pero también apa- recen matorrales de Rosmarino-Ericion, en los que destacan Rosmarinus officinalis L., Erica multiflora L., Globularia alypum L., Thymus piperella L., Th. vulgaris L. y Ulex parviflorus Pourret (Alto del Ca- bezol). Desde el punto de vista biogeográfico el Parque Natural de l‘Albufera pertenece a la provincia Catalano-Provenzal-Balear, sector Setabense (subsector Setábico). Los datos de las estaciónes metereológicas de Cullera, Sueca, Silla y Valencia en PÉREZ CUEVA (1994) indican que bio- climáticamente el territorio presenta un termotipo termomediterráneo superior con ombro- tipo seco. MATERIAL Y METODOS. El presente listado ha sido elaborado a partir del análisis del material de líquenes y hongos li- quenícolas recolectado en el Parque Natural l’Albufera y se encuentra actualmente depositado en pliegos en el Herbario VAL_Lich. (incluye VAB_Lich.). Muchos de estos pliegos son el re- sultado de estudios concretos sobre la flora liquénica del Parque Natural (FOS, 1998, 2001) y de otros específicos de áreas concretas y de conservación (CRESPO & ATIENZA, 1989, ATIENZA et al., 2001). También se incluye aquí la información de las citas de líquenes del Par- que Natural publicadas en diversas referencias bibliográficas. El apartado localidades incluye 24 localidades indicadas en el mapa del Parque Natural de l’Al- bufera (Fig. 1) donde se han sido realizadas las prospecciones y recolecciones y se dispone de material testigo, de las especies de líquenes y hongos liquenícolas que se enumeran en el catá- logo. El catálogo aparece ordenado alfabéticamente, indicando el nombre científico de cada taxon in- fragenérico y los autores y la localidad donde ha sido recolectado (ver apartado localidades), las coordenadas de su cuadrícula en el retículo UTM, su altitud sobre el nivel del mar, los diferen- tes sustratos (especie vegetal o forófito, suelo, roca, ladrillo, etc.) sobre los que se han recogido, la fecha de recolección, el recolector o recolectores y el número de pliego del Herbario VAL_Lich. En el aspecto nomenclatural seguimos a Index Fungorum: (www.indexfungorum.org), Hladun & Llimona (2002, http://liquens.bio.ub.es/checklist/index.htm), Hawksworth et al. (1995), Nimis (1993), Nimis & Martellos 2004), Smith & al. (2009), Esslinger & Egan (1995), Zahl- bruckner (1922-1940). Para los
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