Uses and Methods for Preventing And/Or Treating Caries Caused by Mutans Streptococci
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The Vicrk Two-Component System Regulates Streptococcus Mutans Virulence
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. (2019) 32: 167-200. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21775/cimb.032.167 The VicRK Two-Component System Regulates Streptococcus mutans Virulence Lei Lei1,3#, Li Long2#, Xin Yang2, Yang Qiu2, Yanglin Zeng2, Tao Hu1, Shida Wang2*, Yuqing Li2* 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 3 Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA # Co-first author * Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is considered the predominant etiological agent of dental caries with the ability to form biofilm on the tooth surface. And, its abilities to obtain nutrients and metabolize fermentable dietary carbohydrates to produce acids contribute to its pathogenicity. The responses of S. mutans to environmental stresses are essential for its survival and role in cariogenesis. The VicRK system is one of the 13 putative TCS of S. mutans. The conserved caister.com/cimb 167 Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. (2019) Vol. 32 VicRK Two-Component System Lei et al functions of the VicRK signal transduction system is the key regulator of bacterial oxidative stress responses, acidification, cell wall metabolism, and biofilm formation. In this paper, it was discussed how the VicRK system regulates S. mutans virulence including bacterial physiological function, operon structure, signal transduction, and even post-transcriptional control in its regulon. Thus, this emerging subspecialty of the VicRK regulatory networks in S. -
Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Streptococcus Species by Phytochemicals
molecules Review Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Streptococcus Species by Phytochemicals Soheila Abachi 1, Song Lee 2 and H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe 1,* 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS PO Box 550, Canada; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS PO Box 15000, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-902-893-6623 Academic Editors: Maurizio Battino, Etsuo Niki and José L. Quiles Received: 7 January 2016 ; Accepted: 6 February 2016 ; Published: 17 February 2016 Abstract: This review paper summarizes the antibacterial effects of phytochemicals of various medicinal plants against pathogenic and cariogenic streptococcal species. The information suggests that these phytochemicals have potential as alternatives to the classical antibiotics currently used for the treatment of streptococcal infections. The phytochemicals demonstrate direct bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects, such as: (i) prevention of bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces of the pharynx, skin, and teeth surface; (ii) inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and pH drop; (iii) reduction of biofilm and plaque formation; and (iv) cell surface hydrophobicity. Collectively, findings from numerous studies suggest that phytochemicals could be used as drugs for elimination of infections with minimal side effects. Keywords: streptococci; biofilm; adherence; phytochemical; quorum sensing; S. mutans; S. pyogenes; S. agalactiae; S. pneumoniae 1. Introduction The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the antimicrobial activity of naturally occurring molecules isolated from plants against Streptococcus species, focusing on their mechanisms of action. This review will highlight the phytochemicals that could be used as alternatives or enhancements to current antibiotic treatments for Streptococcus species. -
Table S5. the Information of the Bacteria Annotated in the Soil Community at Species Level
Table S5. The information of the bacteria annotated in the soil community at species level No. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species The number of contigs Abundance(%) 1 Firmicutes Bacilli Bacillales Bacillaceae Bacillus Bacillus cereus 1749 5.145782459 2 Bacteroidetes Cytophagia Cytophagales Hymenobacteraceae Hymenobacter Hymenobacter sedentarius 1538 4.52499338 3 Gemmatimonadetes Gemmatimonadetes Gemmatimonadales Gemmatimonadaceae Gemmatirosa Gemmatirosa kalamazoonesis 1020 3.000970902 4 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas indica 797 2.344876284 5 Firmicutes Bacilli Lactobacillales Streptococcaceae Lactococcus Lactococcus piscium 542 1.594633558 6 Actinobacteria Thermoleophilia Solirubrobacterales Conexibacteraceae Conexibacter Conexibacter woesei 471 1.385742446 7 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas taxi 430 1.265115184 8 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas wittichii 388 1.141545794 9 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas sp. FARSPH 298 0.876754244 10 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sorangium cellulosum 260 0.764953367 11 Proteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria Myxococcales Polyangiaceae Sorangium Sphingomonas sp. Cra20 260 0.764953367 12 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas panacis 252 0.741416341 -
Common Commensals
Common Commensals Actinobacterium meyeri Aerococcus urinaeequi Arthrobacter nicotinovorans Actinomyces Aerococcus urinaehominis Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus Actinomyces bernardiae Aerococcus viridans Arthrobacter oryzae Actinomyces bovis Alpha‐hemolytic Streptococcus, not S pneumoniae Arthrobacter oxydans Actinomyces cardiffensis Arachnia propionica Arthrobacter pascens Actinomyces dentalis Arcanobacterium Arthrobacter polychromogenes Actinomyces dentocariosus Arcanobacterium bernardiae Arthrobacter protophormiae Actinomyces DO8 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus Actinomyces europaeus Arcanobacterium pluranimalium Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus Actinomyces funkei Arcanobacterium pyogenes Arthrobacter ramosus Actinomyces georgiae Arthrobacter Arthrobacter rhombi Actinomyces gerencseriae Arthrobacter agilis Arthrobacter roseus Actinomyces gerenseriae Arthrobacter albus Arthrobacter russicus Actinomyces graevenitzii Arthrobacter arilaitensis Arthrobacter scleromae Actinomyces hongkongensis Arthrobacter astrocyaneus Arthrobacter sulfonivorans Actinomyces israelii Arthrobacter atrocyaneus Arthrobacter sulfureus Actinomyces israelii serotype II Arthrobacter aurescens Arthrobacter uratoxydans Actinomyces meyeri Arthrobacter bergerei Arthrobacter ureafaciens Actinomyces naeslundii Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus Arthrobacter variabilis Actinomyces nasicola Arthrobacter citreus Arthrobacter viscosus Actinomyces neuii Arthrobacter creatinolyticus Arthrobacter woluwensis Actinomyces odontolyticus Arthrobacter crystallopoietes -
Streptococcus Sobrinus Mfe28 JOSEPH J
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Sept. 1987, p. 4271-4278 Vol. 169, No. 9 0021-9193/87/094271-08$02.00/0 Copyright © 1987, American Society for Microbiology Nucleotide Sequence of a Glucosyltransferase Gene from Streptococcus sobrinus MFe28 JOSEPH J. FERRETTI,'* MARTYN L. GILPIN,2 AND ROY R. B. RUSSELL2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190,1 and Dental Research Unit, Royal College of Surgeons of England, Downe, Kent BR6 7JJ, United Kingdom2 Received 3 April 1987/Accepted 2 June 1987 The complete nucleotide sequence was determined for the Streptococcus sobrinus MFe28 g#f gene, which encodes a glucosyltransferase that produces an insoluble glucan product. A single open reading frame encodes a mature glucosyltransferase protein of 1,559 amino acids (Mr, 172,983) and a signal peptide of 38 amino acids. In the C-terminal one-third of the protein there are six repeating units containing 35 amino acids of partial homology and two repeating units containing 48 amino acids of complete homology. The functional role of these repeating units remains to be determined, although truncated forms of glucosyltransferase containing only the first two repeating units of partial homology maintained glucosyltransferase activity and the ability to bind glucan. Regions of homology with alpha-amylase and glycogen phosphorylase were identified in the gluco- syltransferase protein and may represent regions involved in functionally similar domains. The glucosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.5) produced by vari- MATERIALS AND METHODS ous species of oral streptococci are of considerable interest Bacteria and media. E. coli MAF1 (containing plasmid because of their production of extracellular glucans from pMLG1) was the initial source of the S. -
Wo 2010/025267 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 4 March 2010 (04.03.2010) WO 2010/025267 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: 02459 (US). MALO, Madhu S. [US/US]; 14 Hudson A61K 33/42 (2006.01) A61P 19/02 (2006.01) Street, Watertown, Massachusetts 02474 (US). A61P 1/12 (2006.01) A61P 37/08 (2006.01) (74) Agent: FASSE, J. Peter; Fish & Richardson P.C., P.O. A61P 31/04 (2006.01) Box 1022, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1022 (US). (21) International Application Number: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every PCT/US2009/055216 kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, (22) International Filing Date: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, 27 August 2009 (27.08.2009) CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (25) Filing Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (26) Publication Language: English KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (30) Priority Data: NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, 61/093,129 29 August 2008 (29.08.2008) US SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): THE TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. -
Identification and Antibiogram Profile of Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus Sobrinus from Dental Caries Subjects
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol.5 (06), pp. 054-057, June, 2015 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2015.50608 ISSN 2231-3354 Identification and Antibiogram Profile of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus from Dental Caries Subjects Hamzah Abdulrahman Salman, R. Senthikumar Department of Microbiology, J.J. College of Arts and Science, Pudukkottai, affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Article history: Dental caries is one of the oldest disease in the world and its causative agent is mutans streptococci (MS). Among Received on: 11/05/2015 MS, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are implicated in caries active subjects. The objective of Revised on: 29/05/2015 this study was to identify and determine the antibiogram profile of S. mutans and S. sobrinus isolates. The dental Accepted on: 09/06/2015 plaque samples were collected from caries active subjects (aged 35-44 years) and later identified by 16S rDNA Available online: 27/06/2015 sequencing. Out of 65 clinical isolates 36 (55.38%) were S. mutans and 5 (7.69%) were S. sobrinus. Antibiogram profiling was performed to determine the susceptibility of 6 β-Lactam antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, Key words: cefotaxime, cephalothin, cefazolin and methicillin) and 2 non β-Lactam antibiotics (erythromycin and Antibiotic susceptibility chloramphenicol) by disc diffusion method. All S. mutans and S. sobrinus isolates were susceptible to the testing, Streptococcus antibiotics employed in this study. Penicillin and ampicillin were the most effective antibiotics against S. mutans mutans, Streptococcus and S. sobrinus isolates and no resistance found. The study concludes that all the isolates were susceptible to the sobrinus, Dental caries, MSB antibiotics, and suggests that taking extra precaution while prescribing antibiotics will maintain the bacteria with Agar, 16S rDNA less resistance. -
From Genotype to Phenotype: Inferring Relationships Between Microbial Traits and Genomic Components
From genotype to phenotype: inferring relationships between microbial traits and genomic components Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf vorgelegt von Aaron Weimann aus Oberhausen D¨usseldorf,29.08.16 aus dem Institut f¨urInformatik der Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf Gedruckt mit der Genehmigung der Mathemathisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨atder Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨atD¨usseldorf Referent: Prof. Dr. Alice C. McHardy Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Martin J. Lercher Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung: 24.02.17 Selbststandigkeitserkl¨ arung¨ Hiermit erkl¨areich, dass ich die vorliegende Dissertation eigenst¨andigund ohne fremde Hilfe angefertig habe. Arbeiten Dritter wurden entsprechend zitiert. Diese Dissertation wurde bisher in dieser oder ¨ahnlicher Form noch bei keiner anderen Institution eingereicht. Ich habe bisher keine erfolglosen Promotionsversuche un- ternommen. D¨usseldorf,den . ... ... ... (Aaron Weimann) Statement of authorship I hereby certify that this dissertation is the result of my own work. No other person's work has been used without due acknowledgement. This dissertation has not been submitted in the same or similar form to other institutions. I have not previously failed a doctoral examination procedure. Summary Bacteria live in almost any imaginable environment, from the most extreme envi- ronments (e.g. in hydrothermal vents) to the bovine and human gastrointestinal tract. By adapting to such diverse environments, they have developed a large arsenal of enzymes involved in a wide variety of biochemical reactions. While some such enzymes support our digestion or can be used for the optimization of biotechnological processes, others may be harmful { e.g. mediating the roles of bacteria in human diseases. -
Differentiation of Banding Patterns Between Streptococcus Mutans And
æORIGINAL ARTICLE Differentiation of banding patterns between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus isolates in rep-PCR using ERIC primer Tamami Okada1*, Kazuko Takada2, Kou Fujita1, Takuji Ikemi1, Robert C. Osgood3, Noel K. Childers4 and Suzanne M. Michalek5 1Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan; 2Department of Oral Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan; 3Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA; 4Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; 5Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA Background: Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are considered to be important bacterial species in the initiation of human dental caries. Therefore, the establishment of a reliable genotyping method to distinguish S. mutans from S. sobrinus is of central importance. Objective: We assessed the usefulness of repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) using ERIC primer banding patterns in differentiating S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Design: Five S. mutans and two S. sobrinus prototype strains and 50 clinical isolates (38 S. mutans serotype c,4S. sobrinus serotype d, and 8 S. sobrinus serotype g) were examined. The banding patterns of amplicons generated were compared among the prototype strains and clinical isolates, to find common bands that distinguish S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Results: Multiple banding patterns were seen with all strains tested. The representative strains of S. mutans tested revealed six unique, strong bands at 2,000 bp, 1,700 bp, 1,400 bp, 1,100 bp, 850 bp, and 250 bp, whereas S. -
Ldentif Ication of Clinically Relevant Viridans Streptococci by Analysis of Transfer DNA Intergenic Spacer Length Polymorphism
international Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1 999), 49, 1 59 1-1 598 Printed in Great Britain ldentif ication of clinically relevant viridans streptococci by analysis of transfer DNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism Y. De Gheldre,' P. Vandamme,213H. Goossens3and M. J. Struelens' Author for correspondence: Yves De Gheldre. Tel: + 32 2 555 4517. Fax: + 32 2 555 6459. e-mail : [email protected] 1 Department of The utility of PCR analysis of transfer DNA intergenic spacer length Microbiology, HBpital polymorphism @DNA-ILP)for the identification to the species level of clinically Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de relevant viridans streptococci was evaluated with a collection of reference Lennik, 1070 Brussels, strains of 15 species of the salivarius, anginosus, mitis and mutans rRNA Belgium homology groups. PCR products generated by using fluorescent, outwardly 2 Laboratory of directed, consensus tDNA primers were analysed by electrophoresis on Microbiology and denaturating polyacrylamide gels and by laser fluorescence scanning. Eleven BCCM/LMG Culture Collection, University of species showed specific and distinct tDNA patterns : Streptococcus cristatus, Ghent, Belgium Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, 3 Laboratory of Medical Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus Microbiology, University parasanguinis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus Hospital Antwerp, criceti and Streptococcus ratti. Indistinguishable patterns were obtained Antwerp, Belgium among two groups of species : Streptococcus vestibularis and Streptococcus salivarius on the one hand and Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius on the other. 5. mitis strains produced heterogeneous patterns that could be separated into three groups: a group containing S. mitis biovar 1 and two S, mitis biovar 2 groups, one of which clustered with S. -
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria Abiotrophia defectiva Corynebacterium xerosisB Micrococcus lylaeB Staphylococcus warneri Aerococcus sanguinicolaB Dermabacter hominisB Pediococcus acidilactici Staphylococcus xylosusB Aerococcus urinaeB Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensisB Pediococcus pentosaceusB Streptococcus agalactiae Aerococcus viridans Enterococcus avium Rothia dentocariosaB Streptococcus anginosus Alloiococcus otitisB Enterococcus casseliflavus Rothia mucilaginosa Streptococcus canisB Arthrobacter cumminsiiB Enterococcus durans Rothia aeriaB Streptococcus equiB Brevibacterium caseiB Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus auricularisB Streptococcus constellatus Corynebacterium accolensB Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus dysgalactiaeB Corynebacterium afermentans groupB Enterococcus gallinarum Staphylococcus capitis Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp dysgalactiaeV Corynebacterium amycolatumB Enterococcus hiraeB Staphylococcus capraeB Streptococcus dysgalactiae spp equisimilisV Corynebacterium aurimucosum groupB Enterococcus mundtiiB Staphylococcus carnosusB Streptococcus gallolyticus ssp gallolyticusV Corynebacterium bovisB Enterococcus raffinosusB Staphylococcus cohniiB Streptococcus gallolyticusB Corynebacterium coyleaeB Facklamia hominisB Staphylococcus cohnii ssp cohniiV Streptococcus gordoniiB Corynebacterium diphtheriaeB Gardnerella vaginalis Staphylococcus cohnii ssp urealyticusV Streptococcus infantarius ssp coli (Str.lutetiensis)V Corynebacterium freneyiB Gemella haemolysans Staphylococcus delphiniB Streptococcus infantarius -
Patterns of Horizontal Gene Transfer Into the Geobacillus Clade
Imperial College London London Institute of Medical Sciences Patterns of Horizontal Gene Transfer into the Geobacillus Clade Alexander Dmitriyevich Esin September 2018 Submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Imperial College London For my grandmother, Marina. Without you I would have never been on this path. Your unwavering strength, love, and fierce intellect inspired me from childhood and your memory will always be with me. 2 Declaration I declare that the work presented in this submission has been undertaken by me, including all analyses performed. To the best of my knowledge it contains no material previously published or presented by others, nor material which has been accepted for any other degree of any university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. 3 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives licence. Researchers are free to copy, distribute or transmit the thesis on the condition that they attribute it, that they do not use it for commercial purposes and that they do not alter, transform or build upon it. For any reuse or redistribution, researchers must make clear to others the licence terms of this work. 4 Abstract Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the major driver behind rapid bacterial adaptation to a host of diverse environments and conditions. Successful HGT is dependent on overcoming a number of barriers on transfer to a new host, one of which is adhering to the adaptive architecture of the recipient genome.