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Selected Biographies Selected Biographies Abramovitch, A.E. (pseud. Albrecht) (1888–?) – Bolshevik, from 1911 in Switzerland, contact with Lenin, 1917 return to Russia, 1919 Comintern tasks in Berlin and Munich, 1920–21 in France (pseud. Salewski), 1921 headed Comintern news service, 1925–30 Comintern secretariat in Moscow. Alpári, Gyula (Julius) (1882–1944) – 1891 Hungarian Socialist Party, 1902 editor of its central organ Nepszava, 1910 expelled, 1919 Hungarian Communist Party, head of press commission and deputy people’s commissar for foreign affairs in the Hungarian Soviet Republic, from September 1919 often illegally in Germany, Switzerland and France, del- egate to the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Seventh Congresses of the Comintern, 1921–39 editor-in-chief of Inprekorr and its successor Rundschau, 1940 arrested by Gestapo in Paris, solitary confinement in Sachsenhausen, murdered. Balabanova, Angelica (1877–1965) – left Russia 1897, Italian Socialist Party, 1912–14 editor of Avanti, 1917 return to Russia (in Lenin’s ‘sealed train’), 1919 delegate to Comin- tern founding congress, first secretary of ECCI, left Soviet Russia 1922, 1923 Vienna, 1925 Paris, 1936–46 USA, 1947 return to Italy. Barth, Emil (1879–1941) – plumber, from 1914 SPD and union official, 1915 soldier, from 1916 head of plumbers’ section in Berlin’s engineering union, 1917 USPD, 1918 chair of Berlin revolutionary shop stewards, November 1918 on executive of workers’ and sol- diers’ councils, November/December 1918 member of people’s executive council, the provisional government led by Ebert, 1921 SPD, 1921–24 secretary then president of the Berlin central factory council, 1933 imprisoned. Bebel, August (1840–1913) – master carpenter in Leipzig, 1869 co-founder SDAP (prede- cessor of SPD), 1872 two years’ imprisonment, until 1913 president of SPD. Bernstein, Eduard (1850–1932) – bank employee, 1871 SDP, since 1881 editor of Der Sozi- aldemokrat, 1887–1901 in London, 1902–06, 1912–18 and 1920–28 Reichstag deputy, 1917 USPD, 1919 return to SPD. Borchardt, Julian (1868–1932) – 1900–06 editor of Social-Democratic papers, 1907–13 itinerant speaker, 1911–13 member of Prussian Landtag, 1913–16 and 1918–21 editor of left radical Lichtstrahlen, 1915 attended Zimmerwald conference, 1916 brief period in ‘protective custody’, 1917 banning of Lichtstrahlen, member of IKD, expelled in Decem- ber 1918. From then on mainly literary activity, close to KPD. Paul Frölich - 9789004410152 Downloaded from Brill.com09/30/2021 07:45:07AM via free access 252 selected biographies Brandler, Heinrich (1881–1967) – building worker, 1901 SPD, from 1904 secretary of Bre- men builders’ federation, editor of Bremer Bürger-Zeitung, 1915 expelled from SPD, trade-union secretary in Chemnitz, 1916 co-founder of Spartacus Group, 1919 co- founder of KPD and member of central committee, 1921 party president, April 1921 (after the ‘March action’) imprisoned, escaped to Moscow, 1921–22 KPD representat- ive on ECCI, 1923 KPD central committee, 1924–28 in Moscow, member of CPSU and collaborator of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy, 1928 return to Germany, co-founder of KPD(O), 1933 emigration to France, 1941–46 Havana, 1947–48 London, 1948–56 leading member of Arbeiterpolitik group. Bronski, Mieczysław (pseud. Braun, Posner, Spartakus) (1882–1941) – 1902 Social-Demo- cratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, 1917 joined the Bolsheviks in Petrograd, 1918–19 deputy people’s commissar for trade and industry, October 1919 to 1924 Comintern responsibility for Germany and member of Comintern’s West European bureau, later in Soviet people’s commissariat for finance, victim of the purges. Däumig, Ernst (1866–1922) – 1898 SPD, writer for many newspapers in Gera, Halle, Erfurt and Berlin, 1912–18 president of SPD educational commission for Greater Ber- lin, 1916–18 editor of Mitteilungs-Blatt (from April 1917 a USPD organ), 1917 founding member of the USPD, November 1918–19 member of executive of Berlin workers’ and soldiers’ councils, 1920–21 editor of Der Arbeiter-Rat, 1920 at Halle congress president of USPD (Left) together with Adolph Hoffmann, then KPD president with Paul Levi, 1921 resigned party functions, co-founder Communist Working Group, 1922 return to USPD, 1920–22 Reichstag deputy. David, Eduard (1863–1930) – 1893 SPD, from 1896 writer for Sozialistische Monatshefte, 1903–18 and 1927–30 Reichstag deputy, 1919 president of national assembly in Weimar, several times minister. Dittmann, Wilhelm (1874–1954) – carpenter, 1894 woodworkers’ union and SPD, editor of Social-Democratic papers, 1904–09 party secretary in Frankfurt, 1912–18 Reichstag deputy, 1917 USPD, 1918 imprisoned, then member of the Council of the People’s Depu- ties, from 1920 Reichstag deputy, delegate to Second Congress of Comintern, 1922 return to SPD, 1922–33 secretary of party executive and president of SPD Reichstag group, 1933 emigration to Switzerland. Duncker, Hermann (1874–1960) – 1893 SPD, 1896–1900 studied philosophy, econom- ics and history at Leipzig, from 1906 itinerant speaker for the party, 1912–14 teacher at central party school, co-founder of Internationale Group, which became the Spartacus League, member of its leadership, 1915 conscripted, 1919 delegate to founding congress Paul Frölich - 9789004410152 Downloaded from Brill.com09/30/2021 07:45:07AM via free access selected biographies 253 of the KPD and elected to its central committee, 1923 teacher at national party school, from 1926 teacher at Marxist Workers’ School, 1933 imprisoned, 1936 emigrated, 1941–47 USA, 1947 returned to Germany, member of SED. Duncker, Käte, née Döll (1871–1953) – teacher, 1890 SPD, collaborator of Clara Zetkin, 1917 USPD, in leadership of Spartacus Group during the war, 1919 delegate to founding congress of the KPD and elected to its central committee, imprisoned by the Nazis, 1939 emigrated to USA, 1947 return to Germany. Eberlein, Hugo (1887–1944) – draughtsman, 1906 SPD, co-founder of Spartacus Group, 1918 leadership of Spartacus League, 1919 delegate to KPD founding congress, elected to central committee, imprisoned for a time, KPD representative at founding congress of Comintern, 1921–29 member of KPD central committee, 1921–33 member of Prussian Landtag, 1928 member of Comintern control commission, 1933 emigrated to Switzer- land, then Soviet Union, 1935 sector head with ECCI, 1937 imprisoned, 1941 sentenced to death. Fischer, Ruth (Elfriede Friedländer, née Eisler) (1895–1961) – 1918 co-founder of Aus- trian Communist Party, 1921 head of Berlin KPD, 1923 member of central committee, from 1924 Reichstag deputy and candidate member of ECCI, 1926 expulsion from KPD, 1928 co-founder of Lenin League, 1933 emigrated to Paris, 1940 via Lisbon to USA, after the war again in Paris. Friesland, Ernst (Friesland-Reuter) (1889–1953) – historian and economist, 1912 SPD, 1915–16 soldier, POW in Russia, 1918 head of people’s commissariat for Volga Germans, end 1918 return to Berlin (with Karl Radek and Werner Rakow), delegate to founding congress of KPD, then imprisoned, 1920 member of organisational bureau, then can- didate member of central committee, from December 1920 member of executive, 1922 general secretary then expelled, member of Communist Working Group, then USPD, 1922 return to SPD, editor of Vorwärts, 1926 city councillor for transport in Berlin (con- struction of subway system), 1931 mayor of Magdeburg, 1932–33 Reichstag member, 1933–34 concentration camp, 1935 emigrated to England, then Turkey, from 1947 mayor of West Berlin. Haase, Hugo (1863–1919) – 1888 SPD, 1912–18 Reichstag deputy, until 1915 president of SPD group, 1911–16 one of two party presidents, 1917–19 USPD president, 1918 together with Friedrich Ebert president of Council of the People’s Deputies, member of national assembly, murdered. Paul Frölich - 9789004410152 Downloaded from Brill.com09/30/2021 07:45:07AM via free access 254 selected biographies Haenisch, Konrad (1876–1925) – 1893 expelled from high school for socialist propa- ganda, 1894 assistant on Leipziger Volkszeitung, 1895–1911 editor of Social-Democratic papers, 1911 head of the leaflet propaganda for the SPD, 1913–25 member of Prussian parliament, 1915–19 editor of Die Glocke, 1919–21 Prussian minister for education, 1923– 25 head of district government in the Prussian part of Hesse. Henke, Alfred (1868–1946) – cigar maker, 1888–91 military service, official in Ger- man Tobacco Workers’ Association, SPD member, 1900–17 political editor and 1906 to January 1917 editor-in-chief Bremer Bürger-Zeitung, 1906–22 member of Bremen city council, 1912–18 Reichstag deputy, 1916 Social-Democratic Working Group, 1917 USPD, June 1917 USPD secretary for north coastal district, 1918 president of Bremen workers’ and soldiers’ council, 1919 with Johann Knief president of council of people’s commissioners in Bremen, member of National Assembly, 1920–32 Reichstag deputy, until 1922 USPD advisory council, then return to SPD, 1922–33 councillor in Berlin- Reinickendorf. Hölz, Max (1889–1933) – 1918 USPD, 1919 KPD, 1920 KAPD and commander of the ‘Red Army’ in the Vogtland, 1921 leader of uprising in central Germany, sentenced to life imprisonment, 1928 amnestied, 1929 emigrated to Russia. Jogiches, Leo (Tyszka) (1867–1919) – from 1885 active in Russian revolutionary move- ment, several times imprisoned, 1890 flight to Switzerland, connection with Plekhanov, 1893 co-founder Social-Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, 1905–06 inWarsaw, condemned to eight years’ forced labour, 1907 escape to Germany, from 1915–16 de facto head of
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