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Quo Vadis, Behavioural Biology? Past, Present, and Future of an Evolving Science NOVA ACTA LEOPOLDINA Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina Herausgegeben von Jörg HACKER, Präsident der Akademie NEUE FOLGE NUMMER 380 BAND 111 Quo Vadis, Behavioural Biology? Past, Present, and Future of an Evolving Science International Symposium of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Berlin April 30 to May 4, 2009 Editors: Andreas WESSEL (Berlin) Randolf MENZEL (Berlin) Member of the Academy Günter TEMBROCK (†) Member of the Academy With 139 Figures and 2 Tables Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften, Halle (Saale) 2013 Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart Redaktion: Dr. Michael KAASCH und Dr. Joachim KAASCH Die Schriftenreihe Nova Acta Leopoldina erscheint bei der Wissenschaftlichen Verlagsgesellschaft Stutt- gart, Birkenwaldstraße 44, 70191 Stuttgart, Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Jedes Heft ist einzeln käuflich. Die Schriftenreihe wird gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung sowie das Ministe- rium für Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt. Wir danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und der Humboldt-Universitäts-Gesellschaft für die finan- zielle Unterstützung der Veranstaltung. Cover: The three foxes represent fundamentally different aspects of behaviour. The first fox stands for motivation and orientation towards a goal at a distance. The second fox signifies activation of a motor pattern with identification of the spatial position of the goal. The third fox marks the end of the sequence with consummatory acts, such as killing and eating. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http//dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Die Abkürzung ML hinter dem Namen der Autoren steht für Mitglied der Deutschen Akademie der Natur- forscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften. Alle Rechte einschließlich des Rechts zur Vervielfältigung, zur Einspeisung in elektronische Systeme sowie der Übersetzung vorbehalten. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung der Akademie unzulässig und strafbar. © 2013 Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e. V. – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Postadresse: Jägerberg 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Postfachadresse: 11 05 43, 06019 Halle (Saale) Hausadresse der Redaktion: Emil-Abderhalden-Straße 37, 06108 Halle (Saale) Tel.: +49 345 47239134, Fax: +49 345 47239139 Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Jörg HACKER, Präsident der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Printed in Germany 2013 Gesamtherstellung: druckhaus köthen GmbH & Co. KG ISBN: 978-3-8047-2805-9 ISSN: 0369-5034 Gedruckt auf chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier. Inhalt MENZEL, Randolf, and WESSEL, Andreas: Foreword.............................. 7 HIEPE, Theodor: Address of Welcome ........................................ 13 WESSEL, Andreas: Ethology in Space and Time – Berlin in the Light ................ 15 TEMBROCK, Günter: Change of Concepts of Behaviour over the Last 60 Years at Humboldt University Berlin . 29 SCHLEIDT, Wolfgang M.: Communication: The Quest for Understanding Behavioural Complexity.......................................................... 61 KOTRSCHAL, Kurt: The Quest for Understanding Social Complexity................. 77 BATESON, Patrick, and CURLEY, James: Developmental Approaches to Behavioural Biology............................................................. 89 MACDONALD, David W.: From Ethology to Biodiversity: Case Studies of Wildlife Conservation......................................................... 111 KUMMER, Hans: Sources of Productive Questions: Experiences of a Primatologist ..... 157 ZUBERBÜHLER, Klaus: The Evolution of Surface and Deep Structure in Primate Communication ...................................................... 169 VISALBERGHI, Elisabetta, and ADDESSI, Elsa: Selectivity in Stone Tool Use by Wild Bearded Capuchin Monkeys-Field Observations and Experimental Evidence ...... 191 SAVAGE-RUMBAUGH, E. Sue, and FIELDS, William M.: Human Uniqueness – Constructions of Ourselves and Our Sibling Species: Pan troglodytes and Pan paniscus ......... 205 PEPPERBERG, Irene M.: Numerical Abilities of Grey Parrots: Comparisons with Apes and Children ............................................................ 227 SCHACHNER, Adena: The Origins of Human and Avian Auditory-Motor Entrainment.... 243 5 SCHIEFENHÖVEL, Wulf: From Ethology to Human Ethology. Cognitive Patterns in the Culture of the Eipo, Highlands of West-New Guinea ......................... 255 KLOPFER, Peter, KRYSTAL, Andrew D., WILLIAMS, Cathy V., and YODER, Anne D.: Neuroethology: Do Hibernating Lemurs Sleep? ............................. 271 OKANOYA, Kazuo: Song Complexity in Bengalese Finches: Sexual Selection, Domestication, and Brain Plasticity....................................... 281 RIEDE, Tobias, and BROWN, Charles: Body Size, Vocal Fold Length, and Fundamental Frequency – Implications for Mammal Vocal Communication .................. 295 ZAHAVI, Amotz: On a General Theory Concerning the Special Mechanism of Signal Selection and Its Interaction with the Selection of All Other Traits............... 315 HASSENSTEIN, Bernhard: The Concepts of Operant Conditioning and Conditioned Action in Past and Future..................................................... 321 BHADRA, Anindita: The Story of Power in a Primitive Wasp Society ................ 331 MENZEL, Randolf: Structure of Navigational Memory in an Insect, the Honeybee ...... 351 HEINRICH, Bernd: Programmed Behavior, Learning, and Knowing: Caterpillars to Ravens ............................................................. 369 6 Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 111, Nr. 380, 7–11 (2013) Foreword On September 1st, 1948, the first behavioural biological research institution in Germany was founded by Günter TEMBROCK at the Berlin University with the support of the German Academy of Sciences Berlin. On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the foundation of the “Research Institution of Animal Psychology” (Forschungsstätte für Tierpsychologie) 32 invited speakers from 9 countries and about 400 attendees participated at the “Berlin Behavioural Biology Symposium” from April 30th to May 4th, 2009 at the Humboldt Uni- versity Berlin to exchange views about “Past, Present, and Future of an Evolving Science”. The discipline of behavioural biology in Germany has developed into multiple direc- tions with manifold approaches since its foundation as Tierpsychologie (animal psychol- ogy) at the beginning of the last century. It has been and still is involved in many ways in conceptual and methodological developments in biology experiencing a high degree of differentiation. Subdisciplines such as ethology, behavioural ecology, sociobiology, ex- perimental psychology, human ethology, biosemiotics, evolutionary psychology and many more have not only developed their own ways to interact with other disciplines, but have occasionally even claimed to represent the entire field of behavioural biology exclusively while being subjected to strong integrative efforts within the field at the same time. Berlin, as one of the founding centres of ethology and modern behavioural biology, with several research groups at each of the city’s universities, seems a good place to dis- cuss the past, present and future of the discipline in an international forum. One of the “fathers of ethology”, Oskar HEINROTH, worked at the Berlin Zoological Garden, Erwin STRESEMANN, together with HEINROTH, the mentor of Konrad LORENZ, was acting from the Museum of Natural History of the Berlin University, and Günter TEMBROCK founded his re- search institution for behavioural biology at its Zoological Institute. Embedded in this historical frame, the international symposium was organized jointly by the Humboldt University and the Leopoldina aiming at discussing and possibly further developing current topics and concepts of behavioural biology. The assessment of the cur- rent situation of behavioural biology by renowned representatives of the field served as a starting point, and was challenged, extended and continued by outstanding younger sci- entists. In order to achieve these goals an innovative concept was devised which proved very successful and was well received by the participants. 16 scientists were invited by the organizers as Distinguished Senior Lecturers. Speakers were not only chosen based 7 Randolf Menzel and Andreas Wessel on ground-breaking research results, but particularly if they had made a major conceptual and interdisciplinary contribution that has considerably influenced and shaped the entire field of behavioural sciences. The Distinguished Senior Lecturers were asked to invite an outstanding younger scientist of their choice as an Invited Co-Lecturer; both lecturers pre- sented and discussed their topic together (see also DIESNER and WESSEL 2010). Fig. 1 Some of the speakers who gathered on the balcony before the Humboldt University Senate hall. From left to right: I. PEPPERBERG, W. SCHIEFENHÖVEL, B. HASSENSTEIN, A. ZAHAVI, P. KLOPFER, T. RIEDE, R. GADAG- KAR, K. OKANOYA, B. RONACHER, G. TEMBROCK, K. KOTRSCHAL, D. CHENEY, R. MENZEL, B. BREMBS, J. FISCHER, C. LEHMANN, S. SAVAGE-RUMBAUGH.
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  • Ed. by C. Taddei-Ferretti, 1994 WERNER E. REICHARDT

    Ed. by C. Taddei-Ferretti, 1994 WERNER E. REICHARDT

    In: Biophysics of Photoreception(1) ed. By C. Taddei-Ferretti, 1994 WERNER E. REICHARDT (1924-1992): IN MEMORIAM Roland Hengstenberg Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik, D-72076 Tuebingen Professor Werner E. Reichardt died on September 18, 1992 in Tuebingen. He collapsed and lost consciousness at the end of a symposium that was organized in his honor by his coworkers and friends on the occasion of his retirement. He left his wife, Barbara Reichardt, two adult children, Andrea and Cornelius, and his grandson Johannes. Werner Reichardt was the founder of the Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik in Tuebingen, and one of its directors since 1968. He was in many ways a fascinating person and an example for many young colleagues who accompanied him on parts of his way. In matters of sciences he fought for thoroughness and top quality. He was always ready to accept a good argument even if he had to change his opinion. In dealing with persons he was friendly and absolutely loyal. With friends he was warmhearted and unfailingly sincere. 1.Youth and early experiences: Reichardt was born 1924 in Berlin. Despite the depressing economical and political atmosphere of this time, he enjoyed a protected childhood. He became interested in physics already during school time, volunteering in the private laboratory of H.E. Hollmann, a pioneer of ultra shortwave communication. Right after his high school graduation in 1941 Reichardt was called to the air force and served in a technical unit developing long distance radio communication for weather forecasts. His parents were killed in January 1943 during the first bomb attack on Berlin.